Psychology- Chapter 4

Perception test-

Watch the white team and count how many passes they make between them. Do not count out loud or say anything until the end of the test.

Sensation and Perception

SensationStimulation of sensory receptors and

transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system

Interpret sensory stimulationhttp://www.michaelbach.de/ot/ http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/games/illusions/index

.htm

http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/ http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/games/illusions/index.htm http://www.123opticalillusions.com/ http://www.echalk.co.uk/amusements/opticalillusions/ill

usions.htm

http://www.moillusions.com/ http://www.sandlotscience.com/

Thresholds

Absolute threshold-Weakest amount of stimulus that can be detected

Difference thresholdsminimum amount of difference between two stimuli

Signal detection theorydistinguishing sensory stimuli by strengths and

also physical setting, mood, attitudes

Sensory adaptation

more sensitive to weak stimuli and less sensitive to unchanging stimuli

Walking into a dark theatre your eyes will adjust.

Hear a train every day you will not notice it very much

Vision

Light- electromagnetic energy, wavelengths Roy G. Biv Ultraviolet and Infrared

How the eyes work #1

The Eye

Pupil- sensitive to emotions Lens-foucuses Cornea-focuses and protects Iris Optic nerve-attaches to brain Retina

Pupil

Lens

Cor

nea Iri

s

RetinaOptic nerve

More parts to the eye

Photoreceptors-rods and cones Blind spot Rods and cones 100 million rods, 5

million cones

Visual acuity

20/20 vision 20/20 vision is a term used to express normal

visual acuity (the clarity or sharpness of vision) measured at a distance of 20 feet. If you have 20/20 vision, you can see clearly at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. If you have 20/100 vision, it means that you must be as close as 20 feet to see what a person with normal vision can see at 100 feet.

20/20 vision does not mean perfect vision. It only indicates the sharpness or clarity of vision at a distance. There are other important vision skills, among them peripheral awareness or side vision, eye coordination, depth perception, focusing ability and color vision that contribute to one's overall vision ability.

What numbers do you see revealed in the patterns of dots below?

Color vision

Complementary colors Afterimage Color blindness

Color blindness simualtion http://www.vischeck.com/info/wade.php

http://www.vischeck.com/examples/

http://www.grand-illusions.com/opticalillusions/hollow_face/

http://www.grand-illusions.com/opticalillusions/dragon_illusion/

http://www.at-bristol.org.uk/Optical/DancingLights_main.htm

http://www.coolopticalillusions.com/

http://mightyillusions.blogspot.com/2006/04/scary-optical-illusion-no4.html

Seeing Facts Most people blink every 2-10 seconds. Each time you blink, you shut your eyes for 0.3 seconds,

which means your eyes are closed at least 30 minutes a day just from blinking.

If you only had one eye, everything would appear two-dimensional. (This does not work just by closing one eye.)

Owls can see a mouse moving over 150 feet away with light no brighter than a candle.

The reason cat's and dog's eyes glow at night is because of silver mirrors in the back of their eyes called the tapetum. This makes it easier for them to see at night.

An ostrich has eyes that are two inches across. Each eye weighs more than the brain.

A chameleon's eyes can look in opposite directions at the same time.

A newborn baby sees the world upside down because it takes some time for the baby's brain to learn to turn the picture right-side up. One in every twelve males is color blind.

Flip book points40 points Black and white Color Lots of Detail 20 pages- 40 points 15- pages 40 points 10 pages 40 18 pages- 38 points 13- pages 38 points 9 pages 38 16 pages- 36 points 11- pages 36 points 8 pages 36 14 pages- 34 points 9 - pages 34 points 7 pages 34 12 pages- 32 points 7 - pages 32 points 6 pages 32 10 pages- 30 points 5 - pages 28 points 8 pages- 26 points

Hearing

Pitch (more sound waves-higher) (frequency) (highs and lows)

Loudness (how high the sound waves are) Timbre (the way it sounds?) (different

voices sound differently)

The ear

Cochlea Hammer Anvil Stirrup Eardrum Ear canal Eustachian tube Auditory nerve

How sound works #1

Deafness

Conductive deafness (middle of ear) Sensorineural deafness (inner ear) Stimulation deafness (for a little while)

Three parts of ear:1.Outer ear2.Middle ear3.Inner ear

Hearing Facts

When you go up to high elevations, the change in pressure causes your ears to pop.

Children have more sensitive ears than adults. They can recognize a wider variety of noises. Mosquito ringtone

Dolphins have the best sense of hearing among animals. They are able to hear 14 times better than humans.

Animals hear more sounds than humans. An earache is caused by too much fluid putting pressure

on your eardrum. Earaches are often the result of an infection, allergies or a virus.

Smell

Olfactory nerve

Taste and smell video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WavjbJhiRAE&feature=related

Take a deep breath. Air is sucked up into your nostrils over bony ridges called turbinates, which add more surface area to your sniffer. The air travels over millions of olfactory receptor neurons that sit on a stamp-size sheet, the olfactory epithelium, on the roof of the nasal cavity. Odor molecules in the air stimulate and inhibit the receptors.

Each aroma sets off a signal made by the

receptors that travels along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb sits underneath the front of your brain. Signals from the bulb tell your brain what reeks.

Humans can recognize 10,000 different odors. However, no two people sense anything the same.

Smelly Facts

Dogs have 1 million smell cells per nostril and their smell cells are 100 times larger than humans!

Humans use insect warning chemicals, called pheromones, to keep away pesky insects!

People who cannot smell have a condition called Anosmia. If your nose is at its best, you can tell the difference between

4000-10,000 smells! As you get older, your sense of smell gets worse. Children are more likely to have better senses of smell than

their parents or grandparents.

Taste

Taste buds Bitter Sweet Sour Salty

Taste We have almost 10,000 taste buds

inside our mouths; even on the roofs of our mouths.

Insects have the most highly developed sense of taste. They have taste organs on their feet, antennae, and mouthparts.

Fish can taste with their fins and tail as well as their mouth.

In general, girls have more taste buds than boys.

Taste is the weakest of the five senses

Skin senses

Pressure Temperature Pain

Touch

Body Senses

Vestibular sense Kinesthesis

Arms through the floorArms raise above the headTouch your finger- hands wrapped.

The Pinocchio experiment with body image

* Find 2 willing (and good) friends * Sit on a chair blind-folded, and ask your friend (let’s call her Sam) to sit

on a chair in front of you, with her back to you. * Ask your other friend to take your right hand and put it on Sam’s nose * Tap and stroke her nose in a gentle random manner, making exactly

identical movements with your other hand, on your own nose. * Continue this for 60 seconds

About 50% of people will have the extremely odd sensation that their nose is 3 feet long, or somehow their nose is elsewhere!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8JSgp_NM90 freaky body illusions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EP09pQJwow broom through body

vestibular sense

The vestibular sense is also connected to parts of the brain that tell you when it is time to vomit.  This is the cause of motion sickness.

If you spin hard enough and then suddenly stop, the tiny current keeps going for a little bit, and gives you the sensation that you are still spinning, but in the opposite direction.  Your brain may try to compensate for this, and cause you to fall or at very least feel dizzy.

You can also confuse these canals when you take a shower and allow hot or cold water into your ear.  The temperature changes can cause currents to develop that wind up feeling just like spinning, and you may get dizzy.

Perception

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URLRdcnU6Hk 10 in 2 minutes

Closure

Perceive whole objects when gaps are present

Figure ground perception

What we see as background and what we perceive as figure influence our perception

Escher

Power point or word

Place optical illusions in a power point Things that express consistancy,

perspective, continuity, similarity, contrast, figure ground, ect…… no limit. But there will be expectations of high quality…..

Proximity

Things that are near each other influence each other

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wRcNwPmjmw Proximity and elation

Similarity

Group objects that are similar to each other

Continuity

We like to see a smooth continuous pattern rather than individual parts

Common fate

See things moving together you perceive them as belonging to each other

Perception of movement

Stroboscopic motion

Depth perception

Monocular cuesPerspectiveClearnessOverlappingShadowTexture Gradient

Binocular cues

Retinal disparity- floating finger

Perceptual constancy’s

Size Color Brightness Shape Speed

Visual illusions