Psychology PSYA2 (Specification A)socialsci-groby.weebly.com/.../psya2_revision_pack.pdfPsychology PSYA2 (Specification A) Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and Individual

General Certificate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary ExaminationJanuary 2009

Psychology PSYA2 (Specification A)Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology

and Individual Differences

Tuesday 13 January 2009 9.00 am to 10.30 am

You will need no other materials.

Time allowed 1 hour 30 minutes

Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written in margins or on blank pages will not be marked.

Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.

If you need extra paper, use the Supplementary Answer Sheets.

Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 72. Question 14 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the

space provided to plan your answer. In Question 14, you will be marked on your ability to:

– use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.

PSYA2(JAN09PSYA201)G/K40110 6/6/6

Centre Number Candidate Number

Surname

Other Names

Candidate Signature

For Examiner’s Use

Examiner’s Initials

Question Mark

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

TOTAL

2 Areas outside the box will

not be scanned for marking

(02)G/K40110/Jan09/PSYA2

SECTION A: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Answer all questions.

Total for this question: 4 marks

1 You are a passenger in a car that has suddenly slammed on its brakes to avoid hitting a dog. Your breathing quickens, your mouth is dry and you have a feeling of ‘butterflies’ in your stomach. But after a few minutes these physical changes start to disappear. Using your knowledge of the body’s response to stress, explain why you are likely to have experienced:

1 (a) the changes that occurred in the first 30 seconds;

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

1 (b) the changes that occurred after a few minutes.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

3

(03)G/K40110/Jan09/PSYA2

Areas outside the box will



2 A doctor has been given a new drug to test, which is intended to help boost the immune system and help prevent people from getting colds.

How have psychologists investigated the relationship between stress and the immune system?

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

Turn over for the next question

Turn over 8



(04)G/K40110/Jan09/PSYA2


3 (a) Outline what is meant by Type A behaviour.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

3 (b) Outline a method used by psychologists to assess whether someone shows Type A behaviour.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(2 marks)


4 Psychologists have found that the physical environment (eg noise and heat) can be a source of stress in the workplace.

Apart from the physical environment, outline two other sources of stress in the workplace.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(2 marks + 2 marks)

7

Turn over 8

(07)G/K40110/Jan09/PSYA2



SECTION B: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY



6 The following statements are all related to conformity.

A Doing what the group does in order to be liked by them.

B Doing what the group does because we do not know what else to do.

C Going along with the group, even if we do not really agree with what they are doing.

D Going along with the group because we accept their beliefs and attitudes into our own cognitions.

In the table below, write which statement, A, B, C or D, describes each type of conformity.

Type of conformity Statement

Internalisation

Compliance(2 marks)




(08)G/K40110/Jan09/PSYA2


7 When we are in a large group of friends, it is very easy to agree with them and simply go along with their views. However, sometimes we are able to resist the pressure to conform. Using what you have learned from studying conformity, outline one reason why we might resist the pressure to conform.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

(2 marks)


8 Milgram’s work into obedience provided us with valuable insights into why people obey, even though it was carried out in a laboratory.

8 (a) Outline two explanations of why people obey.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks + 2 marks)

9

Turn over 8

(09)G/K40110/Jan09/PSYA2



8 (b) Milgram’s work can be criticised for being unethical. Describe one way in which his work is unethical.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(2 marks)

8 (c) Apart from ethical issues, give one strength and one limitation of Milgram’s methodology.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(2 marks + 2 marks)




G/K40110/Jan09/PSYA2


9 In a hospital, you are very likely to obey a nurse. However, if you meet her outside the hospital, for example in a shop, you are much less likely to obey. Using your knowledge of how people resist pressures to obey, explain why you are less likely to obey the nurse outside the hospital.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

(10)

11





10 What are the implications for social change of research into social influence?

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(6 marks)

(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

Turn over for the next section

(11)Turn over 8




SECTION C: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES



11 Before leaving the house each morning, Angus has to go round checking that all the lights are switched off. He has to do this several times before he leaves and it makes him late for work.

11 (a) Give one definition of abnormality.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

11 (b) Use this definition to explain why Angus’ behaviour might be viewed as abnormal.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)


12 (a) Which two of the following statements (A – E) apply to the behavioural approach to psychopathology? Tick the two correct boxes.

A Unresolved confl icts in childhood affect adult behaviour.

B All behaviour is learned in the same way.

C Abnormal behaviour is caused by faulty thinking.

D The same basic laws that explain animal behaviour can also explain human behaviour.

E Irrational thoughts lead to abnormal behaviour.

(2 marks)

(12)

13




12 (b) Explain one limitation of the behavioural approach to psychopathology.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)


13 Claire constantly worries that she will be unable to finish a task. She thinks that if she does not complete it perfectly, it will not be worth doing. These thoughts are so bad that she finds it difficult starting anything and her work is suffering.

13 (a) Outline what is involved in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

13 (b) Why might Cognitive Behavioural Therapy be appropriate for Claire?

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)


(13)Turn over 8





14 Outline and evaluate the biological approach to psychopathology.

You may use this space to plan your answer

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

(14)

15




......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

(12 marks)

(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

END OF QUESTIONS

(15)

General Certificate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary ExaminationJune 2009

Psychology PSYA2(Specification A)Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and

Individual Differences

Friday 15 May 2009 1.30 pm to 3.00 pm


Time allowedz 1 hour 30 minutes

Instructionsz Use black ink or black ball-point pen.z Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.z Answer all questions.z You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written

in margins or on blank pages will not be marked.z Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want

to be marked.z If you need extra paper, use the Supplementary Answer Sheets.

Informationz The marks for questions are shown in brackets.z The maximum mark for this paper is 72.z Question 8 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the



PSYA2(JUN09PSYA201)G/K44361 6/6/6/3


Surname

Other Names

Candidate Signature



Question Mark

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

TOTAL



(02)G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2




1 The following are features of the pituitary-adrenal system and the sympathomedullary pathway.

Tick the boxes next to three features of the sympathomedullary pathway.

Noradrenaline

Pituitary gland

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal medulla

Sympathetic nervous system

(Tick three boxes only)(3 marks)

3


2 Questionnaires have often been used in stress research to measure the impact of life changes on health.

Outline one advantage and one disadvantage of using questionnaires in stress research.

One advantage ...........................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

3

Turn over 8

(03)G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2



One disadvantage ......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(3 marks + 3 marks)

6


3 During the last few months, Paula has suffered from headaches and colds, and has been having difficulty sleeping. She decided to keep a diary and found that her headaches, colds and sleep problems were associated with experiences such as having too much homework, losing house keys and being stuck in traffic.

3 (a) What is the name for these sorts of stress-related experiences?

.............................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

3 (b) Use your knowledge of psychology to explain why Paula might be feeling unwell.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

(Extra space) ......................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. 5



(04)G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2


4 Discuss one or more physiological methods of stress management.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

5

(05)G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2



......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

(10 marks)

(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

Turn over 8



(06)G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2

(Extra space for Question 4) .......................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................... 10

7

(07)G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2






5 Explain what is meant by locus of control.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................... 4


6 It is Ani’s first day in a new job and he spends a lot of time watching to see what his colleagues are doing, so that he will fit in with them and be liked. Explain Ani’s behaviour in terms of compliance.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

(2 marks)2

Turn over 8



(08)G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2


7 (a) Outline one method that psychologists have used to study conformity.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

7 (b) Explain one limitation of this method.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

7 (c) Suggest an appropriate way of overcoming this limitation.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

6

9

Turn over 8

(09)G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2




8 Outline and evaluate one or more explanations of why people obey.


......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................



G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

(12 marks)

(10)

11




(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................... 12

(11)Turn over 8







9 (a) Describe key features of the behavioural approach to psychopathology.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

(Extra space) ......................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

9 (b) Outline one limitation of the behavioural approach to psychopathology.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

6

(12)

13





10 One way of defining abnormality is to see whether or not someone meets the criteria for mental health. Ivan has high self-esteem and a strong sense of identity.

10 (a) Describe two other criteria that you would expect Ivan to display if he were psychologically healthy.

Criteria 1 ...........................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Criteria 2 ...........................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks + 2 marks)

10 (b) Outline one weakness of defining abnormality in terms of mental health.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

6


(13)Turn over 8





11 Sally often gets anxious for no apparent reason. She believes that people do not like her and becomes distressed when she has to meet strangers. She is very nervous when faced with new or unexpected situations. Sally has been referred to a therapist for psychoanalysis.

11 (a) Outline two techniques used in psychoanalysis.

Technique 1 ......................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Technique 2 ......................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks + 2 marks)

11 (b) Sally asks whether there are any problems with this therapy. What would you tell her?

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

11 (c) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is another psychological therapy. Explain why this might be an appropriate therapy for Sally’s problems.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(2 marks)

8

(14)

15





12 Describe the use of ECT (electro-convulsive therapy) in treating abnormality.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................... 4

END OF QUESTIONS

(15)


Psychology PSYA2 (Specification A)Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology


Thursday 21 January 2010 9.00 am to 10.30 am


Time allowed 1 hour 30 minutes

Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written in margins will not be marked.

Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.

If you need extra paper, use the Supplementary Answer Sheets.

Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 72. Question 10 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the



PSYA2(JAN10PSYA201)G/K50378 6/6/6/6/6/


Surname

Other Names

Candidate Signature



Question Mark

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

TOTAL



(02)G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2


Answer all questions in the spaces provided.


1 Outline the main features of the pituitary-adrenal system.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

____3


2 Sandy and Vandita play for the same netball team. Two weeks ago, while playing in a competition, they both grazed their elbows. Vandita’s wound is healing well, but Sandy’s wound is taking much longer to heal. Sandy is very worried about the plans for her wedding and her forthcoming house move.

Using your knowledge of psychology, explain why Sandy’s wound is taking longer to heal than Vandita’s.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................... (4 marks)

3

Turn over 8

(03)G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2



(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................____

4


3 (a) One measure of the functioning of the immune system is the level of activity of white blood cells.

What does the graph below tell you about the relationship between stress and the level of activity of white blood cells?

Measure ofwhite bloodcell activity

as a percentage of normal

level

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)



(04)G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2

3 (b) Outline one strength and one weakness of using correlations in stress research.

Strength .............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Weakness ..........................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

____6


4 Describe personality factors that have been shown to influence the way people respond to stress.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(5 marks)

(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

5

(05)G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2



......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................____

5


5 Mr Harris is about to move his business into a brand new building. He is very keen to create a healthy working environment and reduce workplace stress. In this way, he hopes to improve productivity and reduce absenteeism.

What advice would you give Mr Harris? Use your knowledge of psychological research in this area.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(6 marks)

(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................____

6

Turn over 8



(06)G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2




6 (a) Explain what is meant by internalisation in the context of conformity.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

6 (b) Explain what is meant by compliance in the context of conformity.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks + 2 marks)

____4

7

(07)G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2




7 In an experiment into conformity, an experimenter varied both the number of confederates (stooges) and the ambiguity of the task. The bar chart below shows the findings.

B C D0

10

20

30

40

50

ALarge majority

(8 confederates in group)Experimental conditions

Small majority(2 confederates in group)

Percentageof people

conforming

Percentages of conformity fordifferent tasks and size of majority

KeyVery ambiguous taskVery easy and unambiguous task

7 (a) What does the bar chart show about conformity?

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Turn over 8



(08)G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2

(Extra space) ......................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

7 (b) Most research into conformity takes place in a laboratory. Outline one strength of conducting research into conformity in a laboratory.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

____6

9

Turn over 8

(09)G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2




8 Three students, George, Petra and Dan, have just started in the sixth form. Dan is a confident person who thinks that his fate lies firmly in his hands. By the end of the first week, Dan has put himself forward to be nominated as the class representative. Petra has also put her name forward to be nominated. She believes it is just luck whether or not she will be selected and feels that there is not much she can do about it. George did not put his name forward because his father told him not to.

8 (a) (i) What type of locus of control does Petra’s behaviour show?

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

8 (a) (ii) What type of locus of control does Dan’s behaviour show?

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

8 (a) (iii) George did not put his name forward as the class representative. Use your knowledge of social influence research to explain this.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(1 mark + 1 mark + 2 marks)

Question 8 continues on the next page




8 (b) Which one of the three students is most likely to resist pressures to conform? Use your knowledge of psychology to explain your choice.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

(Extra space) ......................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................____

8

(10)

11





9 Describe how social influence research has contributed to our understanding of social change.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(6 marks)

(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................____

6


(11)Turn over 8







10 “Abnormality is very difficult to define. It can be hard to decide where normal behaviour ends and abnormal behaviour begins.”

Discuss two or more definitions of abnormality.


......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

(12)

13




......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(12 marks)

(Extra space) ................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

(13)Turn over 8

14




(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................____12

(14)

15





11 Identify and outline key features of two psychological approaches to psychopathology.

Approach 1 .................................................................................................................................

Key features ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

Approach 2 .................................................................................................................................

Key features ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(6 marks)

____6


(15)Turn over 8



G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2(16)


12 Hamish has a phobia of heights. This phobia has now become so bad that he has difficulty in going to his office on the third floor, and he cannot even sit on the top deck of a bus any more. He has decided to try systematic de-sensitisation to help him with his problem.

Explain how the therapist might use systematic de-sensitisation to help Hamish to overcome his phobia.

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................(6 marks)

(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................____

6

END OF QUESTIONS

Copyright © 2010 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.


Psychology PSYA2(Specification A)Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and


Thursday 10 June 2010 9.00 am to 10.30 am



Instructionsz Use black ink or black ball-point pen.z Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.z Answer all questions.z You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write

outside the box around each page or on blank pages.z Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want

to be marked.z If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the

end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).

Informationz The marks for questions are shown in brackets.z The maximum mark for this paper is 72.z Question 3 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 3, you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.

PSYA2(Jun10psya201)G/T52601 6/6/6/


Surname

Other Names

Candidate Signature



Question Mark

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

TOTAL

3 Do not write outside the

box

(03)G/T52601/Jun10/PSYA2

Turn over 8


2 Harry always meets deadlines. He hates being late and always likes to keep himself busy with plenty to do. Alex does not mind being late for anything and although he tries to meet deadlines, he is not worried if he misses some of them.

2 (a) Is Harry or Alex more likely to have Type A personality?

............................................................................................................................................

Explain why having Type A personality makes him more likely to suffer the negative effects of stress.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(1 mark + 3 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

2 (b) Outline one way in which psychologists measure Type A personality.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

____6


box

(04)G/T52601/Jun10/PSYA2


3 Outline and evaluate research into the relationship between the immune system and stress-related illness.


............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................


box

(05)G/T52601/Jun10/PSYA2

Turn over 8

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(12 marks)


box

(06)G/T52601/Jun10/PSYA2

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____12


box

(07)G/T52601/Jun10/PSYA2

Turn over 8

Section B Social Psychology



4 (a) Milgram’s experiments into obedience can be criticised as being unethical. Describe two ethical issues that can be illustrated by Milgram’s research.

Ethical Issue One .............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Ethical Issue Two ............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

4 (b) Choose one of the ethical issues identified in your answer to 4(a) and explain a way of dealing with it.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

____6



box

(08)G/T52601/Jun10/PSYA2


5 For many years, smoking in public places such as trains, pubs and restaurants was quite acceptable. People could smoke wherever they wanted and non-smokers had to put up with smoky atmospheres. However, in 2007, the Government finally introduced a law banning smoking in public places and those who smoke are limited in where they can smoke.

Using your knowledge of the psychology of social change, explain how this social change has occurred.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4


box

(09)G/T52601/Jun10/PSYA2

Turn over 8


6 Explain how locus of control influences independent behaviour.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4


7 The following phrases refer to different types of conformity.

Select the two phrases that describe internalisation. Tick two boxes only.

A The deepest level of conformity.

B The individual conforms publicly with the rest of the group but may privately disagree with them.

C The beliefs of the group become part of the individual’s own belief system.

D The individual goes along with the group but does not agree with them.

E The individual changes his/her beliefs, but it is a temporary change.

(2 marks) ____2


box

G/T52601/Jun10/PSYA2


8 Outline and evaluate explanations of conformity.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(8 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____8

(10)


box


Turn over 8

Section C Individual Differences



9 (a) Outline two definitions of abnormality.

Definition One ..................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Definition Two ..................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(3 marks + 3 marks)

9 (b) Choose one of these definitions and describe a limitation associated with it.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

____8

(11)


box



10 (a) Outline key features of the psychodynamic approach to psychopathology.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

10 (b) The behavioural approach assumes that abnormal behaviour is learnt through classical conditioning, operant conditioning and imitation.

Evaluate the behavioural approach to psychopathology.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

(12)


box


Turn over 8

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____8


11 Dr Francis has been treating a patient with severe depression. He has been prescribing anti-depressant drugs and although, initially, the patient appeared to show some improvement, it was only temporary. Dr Francis has offered her ECT but she knows very little about it.

11 (a) What information could Dr Francis give to the patient about this therapy?

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................


(13)


box


11 (b) The patient decides not to have ECT and asks Dr Francis what other therapies are available. He suggests Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).

Describe how CBT would be used to treat her.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____8

END OF QUESTIONS

(14)

General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2011

Psychology (Specification A) PSYA2Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology


Wednesday 19 January 2011 9.00 am to 10.30 am





to be marked.

Informationz The marks for questions are shown in brackets.z The maximum mark for this paper is 72.z Question 12 should be answered in continuous prose.

You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 12, you will be marked on your ability to:


PSYA2(Jan11psyA201)G/T62937 6/6/6/


Surname

Other Names

Candidate Signature



Question Mark

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

TOTAL


box

(02)G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2

Section A Biological Psychology



1 (a) The following are examples of stress in everyday life, some are life changes and some are daily hassles. From the list, select two examples of life changes and two examples of daily hassles.

A DivorceB Household choresC Room temperatureD Retirement from workE Traffic jamsF Getting marriedG Changing schoolH Missing the bus

Life changes: select two from the list above and write one letter in each box.

Daily hassles: select two from the list above and write one letter in each box.

(4 marks)

1 (b) Explain what psychological research has shown about the stressful impact of either life changes or daily hassles.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____8


box

(03)G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2

Turn over 8


2 (a) Questionnaires have been used by psychologists to investigate stress.

Explain one possible ethical issue that might arise when using questionnaires in this area of psychology.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

2 (b) Apart from ethics, explain one other problem of using questionnaires to investigate stress.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(2 marks + 2 marks)

____4



box

(05)G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2

Turn over 8


4 Karen has been feeling extremely stressed for several months. She has recently been promoted at work and is worried that she is not able to do the job properly in spite of praise from her managers. She also finds it very difficult to say “no” when colleagues ask for assistance. Her health is suffering and she decides to try Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to help manage her stress.

Explain what is involved in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and how it could be used to help Karen.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(6 marks)

____6



box

(06)G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2




5 (a) Explain what is meant by informational social influence.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

5 (b) Explain what is meant by normative social influence.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(3 marks + 3 marks)

____6


box

(07)G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2

Turn over 8


6 Some research into obedience has been carried out in laboratories. Other studies into obedience have been carried out in the real world, including field experiments and observations.

6 (a) Outline one advantage of conducting obedience research outside a laboratory setting.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

6 (b) Outline one limitation of conducting obedience research outside a laboratory setting.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks + 2 marks)

____4


7 Discuss one or more explanations of independent behaviour, for example, how people resist pressures to conform or obey.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................


box

(08)G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(8 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____8


box

(09)G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2

Turn over 8


8 Mike and his grandfather were having a conversation about recycling. Mike explained that he always puts empty cans and plastic bottles in one box and newspapers and cardboard in another box and that his mum takes these to be recycled once a week. His grandfather said that when he was Mike’s age, people did not recycle. Mike said that everyone in his street recycles and that they have a big box at school especially for recycling.

Using your knowledge of the psychology of social change, explain why recycling is now behaviour carried out by a majority of people in this country.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(6 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____6


box

G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2




9 Identify one definition of abnormality and explain one limitation associated with this definition.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(3 marks)

____3

(10)


box


Turn over 8


10 A psychologist collected data on the effectiveness of three types of therapies for different types of disorders. The results are displayed in the bar chart below.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Percentage of patientswho show

improvementafter 6 months

of therapy

A B

Key

Type of disorder

Biologicaltherapies

C

BehaviouraltherapiesPsychoanalytictherapies

Percentage of patients who improved according to type of disorder and type of therapy

What conclusions about the effectiveness of different therapies can you draw from the bar chart?

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4

(11)


box



11 (a) Describe systematic de-sensitisation as a method of treating abnormality.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

11 (b) Explain one weakness of systematic de-sensitisation.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

____5

(12)


box


Turn over 8


12 ‘Freud’s views on the origins of abnormal behaviour and ways of treating it had a great impact on psychology.’

Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic approach to abnormality.


............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(13)


box


............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(12 marks)

(14)


box


Extra space for Question 12 ..............................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____12

END OF QUESTIONS

(15)


Psychology (Specification A) PSYA2Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology


Tuesday 7 June 2011 1.30 pm to 3.00 pm





to be marked.


space provided to plan your answer. In Question 6, you will be assessed on your ability to:


PSYA2(JUn11psyA201)G/T66813 6/6/6/


Surname

Other Names

Candidate Signature



Question Mark

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

TOTAL


box

(02)G/T66813/Jun11/PSYA2




1 The body’s response to stress includes the pituitary-adrenal system and the sympathomedullary pathway. The following are all features of this stress response.

A Adrenal medulla B Noradrenaline C Adrenal cortex D Adrenaline E Cortisol/Corticosteroids F Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

Select two from the above list that are linked to the pituitary-adrenal system and two from the list that are linked to the sympathomedullary pathway.

Put one letter in each box.

Pituitary-adrenal system

Sympathomedullary pathway(4 marks)

____4


box

(03)G/T66813/Jun11/PSYA2

Turn over 8


2 Psychologists sometimes use questionnaires to find out about stress. Explain two strengths of using questionnaires in research.

Strength one .....................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Strength two .....................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks + 2 marks)

____4



box

(04)G/T66813/Jun11/PSYA2


3 Describe one or more studies of workplace stress.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(5 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

5


box

(05)G/T66813/Jun11/PSYA2

Turn over 8


4 Mark is very competitive and he hates losing any game he plays. At work, he is often impatient and likes working to tight deadlines. He can become quite hostile when challenged.

4 (a) What personality type is Mark likely to have?

............................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

4 (b) Using your knowledge of how personality factors can affect the body’s response to

stress, explain how Mark might respond to the effects of stress.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

5



box

(06)G/T66813/Jun11/PSYA2


5 (a) Name one psychological method of stress management.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(1 mark)

5 (b) Explain strengths of this psychological method of stress management.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(5 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

6


box

(07)G/T66813/Jun11/PSYA2

Turn over 8




6 “Not everyone conforms or obeys authority; some people resist these pressures and remain independent.”

Outline and evaluate research relating to independent behaviour.


............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................


box

(08)G/T66813/Jun11/PSYA2

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(12 marks)


box

(09)G/T66813/Jun11/PSYA2

Turn over 8

Extra space for Question 6 ................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____12


box



7 (a) Explain why it is sometimes necessary to deceive participants in social influence research.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(2 marks)

7 (b) Describe one way in which deception has been dealt with in social influence research.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

____4

(10)


box


Turn over 8


8 Jan and Norah have just finished their first year at university where they lived in a house with six other students. All the other students were very health conscious and ate only organic food. Jan had listened to their point of view and now she also eats only organic food. Norah was happy to eat organic food while in the house, but when she went home for the holidays she ate whatever her mother cooked. Both girls conformed, but for different reasons.

Explain which type of conformity each girl was showing.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

4


(11)


box



9 Outline two explanations of why people obey.

Explanation One ..............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ Explanation Two ..............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks + 2 marks)

____4

(12)


box


Turn over 8




10 Two different drug therapies were tested on a group of patients. All the patients suffered with the same anxiety disorder. Half the patients were given Therapy A and the other half were given Therapy B. Improvement was assessed on a scale from 0 – 25, where 0 = no improvement.

The table below shows the improvement made between the start and the end of the treatment.

Average and range of improvement scores

Average Range

Therapy A 6.5 2 – 19

Therapy B 6 4 – 9

Explain what these findings suggest about the different therapies?

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

4

(13)


box



11 Diane is a 30-year-old business woman and if she does not get her own way she sometimes has a temper tantrum. Recently, she attended her grandmother’s funeral and laughed during the prayers. When she talks to people she often stands very close to them, making them feel uncomfortable.

11 (a) Identify one definition of abnormality that could describe Diane’s behaviour. Explain your choice.

Definition ..........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Explanation of your choice .............................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(1 mark + 2 marks)

11 (b) Explain one limitation of this way of defining abnormal behaviour.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks)

____6

(14)


box


Turn over 8

(15)


12 There are various types of psychological therapy for treating abnormality.

12 (a) Outline what is involved in psychoanalysis.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

12 (b) Outline what is involved in systematic de-sensitisation.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

____6



box

G/T66813/Jun11/PSYA2(16)


13 Outline and evaluate the biological approach to psychopathology.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(8 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

8

END OF QUESTIONSCopyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.


Psychology (Specification A) PSYA2Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and


Tuesday 17 January 2012 1.30 pm to 3.00 pm





to be marked.




PSYA2(Jan12psyA201)G/K71735 6/6/6/6


Surname

Other Names

Candidate Signature



Question Mark

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

TOTAL


box

(02)G/K71735/Jan12/PSYA2




1 Describe one research study that has investigated stress in the workplace. In your answer you should include details of what was done and what was found.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4


box

(03)G/K71735/Jan12/PSYA2

Turn over 8


2 Lee and Denis were talking in the doctor’s waiting room. Denis remarked that his new neighbours were very noisy and that whenever he drove into town it was getting increasingly difficult to find anywhere to park. Lee said that his wife had died recently and that he was just about to retire.

Using examples from the conversation above, discuss the difference between life changes and daily hassles.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4



box

(04)G/K71735/Jan12/PSYA2


3 Both life changes and daily hassles are often measured using questionnaires. Give two limitations of using questionnaires.

Limitation One ..................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Limitation Two .................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks + 2 marks)

____4


box

(05)G/K71735/Jan12/PSYA2

Turn over 8


4 ‘There are several methods used to manage the negative effects of stress. These methods can be biological or psychological.’

Discuss two or more methods of stress management.


............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................


box

(06)G/K71735/Jan12/PSYA2

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(12 marks)


box

(07)G/K71735/Jan12/PSYA2

Turn over 8

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____12



box

(08)G/K71735/Jan12/PSYA2




5 Josie, Hana and Caitlyn have just started new jobs and all three are keen to do well. Josie laughs a lot at the jokes her colleagues tell, even though she does not always find them very funny. Hana observes her colleagues closely and makes sure that she completes the work in the same way that they do, so that she does not make any mistakes. Caitlyn prefers to learn through trial and error. She believes that by trying and by making mistakes, she will really understand what she is doing.

Which girl’s behaviour is being influenced by normative social influence and which girl’s behaviour is being influenced by informational social influence? Justify both choices.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(6 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____6


box

(09)G/K71735/Jan12/PSYA2

Turn over 8


6 Using your knowledge of psychology, explain why some people might resist pressures to conform.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4



box



7 Explain one or more reasons why people obey authority.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(6 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____6

(10)


box


Turn over 8


8 Describe two ethical issues that can be illustrated by Milgram’s research into obedience to authority.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4


(11)


box



9 How has social influence research helped our understanding of social change?

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4

(12)


box


Turn over 8




10 The following scattergram shows the relationship between the number of weeks of treatment with ECT and the score on the Self-Rating Depression Scale (on this scale, a high score indicates depression).

2 3 400

10

20

30

5

15

25

1Weeks of treatment

Score onself-ratingdepression

scale

5

Relationship between weeks of treatment andscores on depression scale

Outline what the scattergram seems to show.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

____4


(13)


box



11 Abnormality can be defined as ‘the failure to function adequately’.

Outline and evaluate this definition of abnormality.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(6 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____6

(14)


box


Turn over 8

(15)


12 The following statements refer to different approaches to abnormality.

Select three statements that describe the psychodynamic approach.Tick three boxes only.

A Holding unrealistic and irrational beliefs about oneself and the world.

B Behaviour is caused mainly by the unconscious.

C Behaviour is shaped by forces in the environment.

D There is conflict between the id and the super-ego.

E The human mind is an information processor.

F Abnormality is caused by unresolved childhood problems.

(3 marks)

____3



box

G/K71735/Jan12/PSYA2(16)


13 Outline the biological approach to abnormality.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4


box


Turn over 8

(17)


14 Hugh has a phobia of the dark. Because of this phobia, he has problems sleeping and has difficulty getting to and from work in the dark winter months. His doctor suggests a biological therapy might be the solution and prescribes a short course of drugs.

14 (a) What advice should the doctor give concerning the disadvantages of this type of drug therapy?

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................



box

G/K71735/Jan12/PSYA2(18)

14 (b) Identify one psychological therapy that Hugh could consider and explain why it might help him.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____7

END OF QUESTIONS




Tuesday 29 May 2012 1.30 pm to 3.00 pm





to be marked.




PSYA2(JUn12psyA201)G/T76566 6/6/6/6/


Surname

Other Names

Candidate Signature



Question Mark

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

TOTAL


box

(02)G/T76566/Jun12/PSYA2




1 (a) Outline the pituitary-adrenal system.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(3 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

1 (b) Outline the sympathomedullary pathway.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

6


box

(03)G/T76566/Jun12/PSYA2

Turn over 8


2 Outline and evaluate research into life changes as sources of stress.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(8 marks)


box

(04)G/T76566/Jun12/PSYA2

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

8


box

(05)G/T76566/Jun12/PSYA2

Turn over 8


3 Brett and Sahil both work for the same company and have been talking about recent changes at work. Brett said that his pay is now dependent on other people’s performance and that his department has introduced tighter deadlines and more rigid working hours. Since these changes were made, he has had more days off sick and is concerned that his health is beginning to suffer. There have been no changes in Sahil’s department and he said that he hardly ever takes days off sick.

Explain why Brett might have been affected by the changes in his department. Refer to psychological research into workplace stress in your answer.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(6 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

6


box

(06)G/T76566/Jun12/PSYA2


4 A researcher used a questionnaire and an in-depth interview to assess Georgia’s personality. After completing the questionnaire Georgia was found to be Type A. However, after the in-depth interview she was found to be Type B.

Explain why these methods might produce such different results.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ (4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

4


box

(07)G/T76566/Jun12/PSYA2

Turn over 8




5 The following results are percentages of participants who gave the maximum shock, in variations of Milgram’s experiment into obedience to authority.

Condition % Participants obeying

Experimenter and two obedient confederates are in the same room as the participant. 92.5%

Experimenter is in the same room as the participant. 65%

Experimenter is in a different room from the participant. 20.5%

Experimenter and two disobedient confederates are in the same room as the participant. 10%

What do these results suggest about the power of the confederates in variations of Milgram’s study?

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

4


box

(08)G/T76566/Jun12/PSYA2


6 Outline and evaluate research into conformity. (12 marks)


............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................


box

(09)G/T76566/Jun12/PSYA2

Turn over 8

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................


box


Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____12

(10)


box


Turn over 8


7 Explain what is meant by locus of control.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

4


(11)


box



8 Explain how a minority can bring about social change.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

4

(12)


box


Turn over 8




9 (a) One definition of abnormality is deviation from social norms. Identify and explain one other definition of abnormality.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(3 marks)

9 (b) Evaluate the definition of abnormality that you identified in your answer to 9 (a).

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

7

(13)


box



10 Case studies are a commonly used method of investigating abnormality.

10 (a) What is meant by a case study?

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

10 (b) Outline one weakness of using a case study as a method of investigation.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

____4


11 Which two of the following statements apply to the cognitive approach to psychopathology? Tick the two correct boxes.

Abnormal behaviour is learned in the same way as normal behaviour.

Abnormality is caused by distorted thoughts.

Abnormality is caused by unresolved childhood conflicts.

Abnormal behaviour is the result of irrational beliefs.

Abnormality is due to damage to the brain.

(2 marks)

____2

(14)


box


Turn over 8

(15)


12 Outline the biological approach to psychopathology.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(5 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

5



box

G/T76566/Jun12/PSYA2(16)


13 Psychoanalysis is a beneficial therapy for some people. However, as with all therapies, it has limitations.

Evaluate psychoanalysis as a therapy.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(6 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................____

6

END OF QUESTIONS

Copyright © 2012 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.




Monday 21 January 2013 9.00 am to 10.30 am





to be marked.

Informationz The marks for questions are shown in brackets.z The maximum mark for this paper is 72.z Question 13 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use

the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 13, you will be assessed on your ability to:


PSYA2(JAn13psyA201)G/T87043 6/6/6/6


Surname

Other Names

Candidate Signature



Question Mark

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

TOTAL


box

(02)G/T87043/Jan13/PSYA2




1 You are just about to cross the road when a car comes speeding round the corner and narrowly misses you. Afterwards, standing safely on the pavement, you notice that your mouth is very dry, your breathing is very fast and your heart is thumping.

Using your knowledge of the body’s response to stress, explain why you are likely to have experienced these changes.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4


box

(03)G/T87043/Jan13/PSYA2

Turn over 8


2 Research has shown that there is a relationship between stress and illness. Figure 1 below shows the number of days off work through illness in a year and

scores on a stress questionnaire, where a high score indicates more stress.

Figure 1

Relationship between days off work in a year through illness and stress scores

Number of days off work in a year through illness

Scores on stress questionnaire

2 (a) What does Figure 1 tell you about the relationship between stress and illness?

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)



box

(04)G/T87043/Jan13/PSYA2

2 (b) Outline one strength and one weakness of using correlations in stress research.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____6


box

(05)G/T87043/Jan13/PSYA2

Turn over 8


3 Roy and Mick are members of a football team; both play to the same high standard. Roy never minds if the team does not win; he just enjoys playing with his team-mates and spending time with them after the match. Mick always wants to win and gets angry if the team loses.

3 (a) Which personality type is each person likely to have?

Roy ....................................................................................................................................

Mick ...................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

3 (b) Explain whether Roy or Mick is more likely to suffer from a stress-related illness. Use research in your explanation.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____6



box

(06)G/T87043/Jan13/PSYA2


4 Long-term stress is often accompanied by psychological and physical changes. Drug therapy is sometimes used to reduce these effects of stress.

Outline drug therapy as a method of stress management.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ (4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4


box

(07)G/T87043/Jan13/PSYA2

Turn over 8


5 Outline stress inoculation therapy as a method of stress management.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ (4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4



box

(08)G/T87043/Jan13/PSYA2




6 Some psychologists criticise Milgram’s research into obedience to authority, in terms of both methodological issues and ethical issues.

Explain two criticisms of Milgram’s research.

Criticism one ....................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Criticism two ....................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(3 marks + 3 marks)

____6


box

(09)G/T87043/Jan13/PSYA2

Turn over 8


7 When you are a passenger on a train, you are much more likely to move to another seat if the ticket collector tells you to move than if another passenger tells you to do so.

Use your knowledge of why people obey to explain this behaviour.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4



box



8 Explain how social influence research helps us to understand social change.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(6 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____6

(10)


box


Turn over 8


9 Discuss research into conformity.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(8 marks)

(11)


box


Extra space for Question 9 ................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(12)


box


Turn over 8

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____8


(13)


box





10 It has been suggested that the meeting of certain criteria indicates whether or not a person has ideal mental health. Helen has been told that she has ideal mental health: for example, she adapts well to her environment.

10 (a) Give two other criteria for ideal mental health that you would expect Helen’s behaviour to show.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(2 marks)

10 (b) Outline two limitations of the deviation from ideal mental health definition of abnormality.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____6

(14)


box


Turn over 8

(15)


11 Describe how ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) is used to treat abnormality.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(4 marks)

Extra space ........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____4


12 Several techniques, including hypnosis, have been used in psychoanalysis to help to uncover repressed material.

Outline one other technique that may be used in psychoanalysis.

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

____2


box

G/T87043/Jan13/PSYA2(16)


13 ‘Behaviourists believe that all behaviour, both normal and abnormal, is learned through processes such as classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning.’

Discuss the behavioural approach to explaining psychological abnormality.


............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................


box


Turn over 8

(17)

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

(12 marks)


box

G/T87043/Jan13/PSYA2(18)

Extra space for Question 13 ..............................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

____12

END OF QUESTIONS

Documents

Psychology PSYA2 (Specification A)socialsci-groby.weebly.com/.../psya2_revision_pack.pdfPsychology PSYA2 (Specification A) Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and Individual