IPP 139

ELECTRICITY OF VIETNAM

POWER COMPANY 3POWER DESIGN CENTRE

Rural Energy I - Phase 3Dak Nong Province

ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

(EMDP)

Danang, June - 2005

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ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS

CPC Communist People's Committee

DMS Detailed Measurement Survey

DPC District People's Committee

DRC District Resettlement Board

EVN Electricity of Viet Nam

EMDP Ethnic minority Development Plan

GOV Govemment of Viet Nam

Hl: Household

IDA International Development Association

IMA (0) Independent Monitoring Agency (Organization)

LURC Land Use Riglt Certificate

PC 3 Power Company 3

PMB Project Management Board

PPC Provincial People's Committee

PRC (B) Provincial Resettlement Committee (Board)

PSC Provincial Steering Committee

RC Resettlement Committee

RRC Rapid Rural Appraisal

RP Resettlement Plan

RP Resettlement Plan

RIB Resettlemnent Inform-lation Booklet

ROW lRight-OF-Way

T/L Transmission Line

USD US Dollar

VND Viet Nam Dong

WB World Bank

7The First Ruiral E)iergy Project RE I - Phlase 3

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. The project:

1. Dak Nong is a newly established province which is separated from Dak Lak Province.

Some of the villages and hamlets of the province still do not have electricity, which is causing

many problems for local people. This sub-project of Rural Energy I (Phase 3), using WBloans, is part of the nationl electrification, contributinig to the poverty alleviagtion, by building

the electricity infrastructure in the rural areas.

The objectives of the sub-project is to reduce loss of electricity, increase availability of

electricity for the remaining hamlets of Dak Nong Province. The specific objectives of the

sub-project are:

a) rehabilitation and maintenance of the existing rural powver network to provide

sufficient electricity for the socio-economic developnient of the province in the

coming 15-20 years, to thle year 2020.

b) Increasing reliability and quality of the power network, decreasing loss of

electricity, reducing productioni cost, increasing the efficiency of the business and

the management of lectricity, and ensuring the recovery of the investment capital.

The acquisition of land for the implementation of the sub-project is inevitable,

however, this will not occur in a large scale. This ethnic minority development plan(EMDP) is designed to ensure compensation for impacts and to recover and enhancelife of people affected by the sub-project in Dak Nong province.

2. The project proposes using a WB's fund for rehabilitation and expansion of rural local

power systems in 37 hamlets of Dak Nong Province.

The Dak Nong subproject includes t\\wo major comlponents:

(i) building of neNv distribution line and 22/0.4 KV distribution substation, tobe implemented by EVN;

* (ii) (ii) building of newv LV 0.4 distribution line, to be implemented by EVN

The distributioni line is expected to go thlrouglh thle areas of II communles in 5 districts

of Dak Nong.

1.2. The Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP)

1. Since the Dak Nong subproject is located in the areas of Ethnic Minorities, every

special effort has been and will be made through design, construction measures and

construction schedules to reduce unnecessary involuntary resettlement and adverse impacts on

Ethnic Minorities. Nevertheless, some land acquisition is unavoidable. There are ethnic

minorities to be negatively affected in the 7 project's communes. Out of the total 1852households affected by the project, there are 987 households with 5112 persons mainly of

Mnong, Tay, Nung, Dao, Thai, Mong, Muong, Ede to be impacted.

2. In fact, the rehabilitation/expansion of thie distribution line only imposes the adverse

impacts on individuals and at low-intensity. The most of impacts on land of Ethnic MinoritiesNvill be temporary, some families of Ethnic Minorities will be permanently acquired land for

constructing of towers/poles and substations. Therefore, the project subcomponents wouldnot cause any culturally specific impact on the affected ethnic minority households and the

nature of impacts does not result in community-wide socio-economic effects.

4

7The First Rural Energy Prq/ect RE I - Phase 3

3. In the case of Dak Nong subproject, the WB's policy on Indigenous People requires a

preparation of an EMDP to ensure that

(i) the development process fosters full respect for their dignity, human rights, and cultural

uniqueness, and

(ii) the ethnic minorities do not suffer adverse effects during development process, and that

(iii) they receive culturally compatible social and economic benefits.

4. This EMDP document, along with the Dak Nong Resettlement Plan (RP), has been

developed in line with the guidelines of the WB's OD 4.20 and Vietnam legislation on Ethnic

Minorities. It was prepared parallel with the Feasibility Study of the RE I project and aimed to

ensure that the WB's OD 4.20 policy objectives to be met. The preparation of the EMDP has

been based on results of RRA and extensive interviews and discussions with local

stakeholders of different levels - authorities, mass organizations, and ethnic minorities

impacted people in all the EM communes to obtain basic information and feedbacks from

them towvard the project, its possible impacts, especially adverse effects on the local ethnic

minorities, their proposed measures to mitigate project negative impacts and increase social

and economical benefits for local ethnic minorities.

II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF ETHNIC MINORITIES INTHE PROJECT'S AREAS

111. Population and Ethnic composition

1. Ethnic minorities in project areas

By Census of 2003, among the total provincial population of 387,889 people, 49% is

female and 51% is male. T'he plrovincC consists of 31 diflerenl groups, but of whlich only six,

including Kinh, Mnong, Tay, Nung, Thai and Ede have sizable population. The Kinh present

65.5 %, Mnong 9.7 %, while the otlhers occupy smaller percentages. The way of life of the

ethnic groups is very similar to that of Kinh people, in terms of patterns of farming, and other

social institutions.In these ethnic areas there are still a lot of age-old customs and practices, however, the

production and many aspects of life is very much wvithin the management of local authorities.

In the EM communilies, only the Mnong and Ede have their own scripts, therefore the

dominant language of these ethnic groups is Vietnamese.

FolloNving is description of customiis of some EMs:

The TayDenomination: 7ayOther name: 7hoSmall local groups: P1hen7, 7hu. Lao, lPa Di, NganiLanguage: 7ay - 7haiAreas of habitations: Along a belt from Quang Ninh province to Lao Cai and Yen Bai

provinces via Cao Bang. Bac Thai, Tuyen Quang, Ila Giang and also scattered in Dien Bien

Phu (Lai Chau province) and in Lam Dong and Dak Lak provinces. The 7'ay are indigenous to

their present area of habitation.

5

The First Rural EuieyV Project RE I - I'lase 3

Material life:

HousinigA 7ay village on average has 40-50 houses (maximum 100) built at the foot of a

mountain or hill, or near a river or stream. The ban (village) in the upper region of Cao Bang

and Lang Son are generally surrounded by a bamboo hedge in the same way as those of the

Viet. The houses of ban in the frontier regions are often protected against interlopers by a

stone wall along with a ditch.

The houses are on stilts with a two-flap or four-flap roof of palm leaves, tiles and

thatch. The interior is divided into two by a partition, the rear section serving as a bedroom

and kitchen, the front part is used for reception and study room for the children. The altar for

the worship of the ancestors is also located in the front part. The columns are made of tree

trunks and supported by stones. The wooden floor extend outwards from the four sides of the

houses and forms a kind of balcony with handrail all around. House of clay wvith tilted roofs

have made an appearance and become more and more numerous.

DressesMen clothes are dyed witli indigo and are similar to those of neighboring ethnic

groups.Women generally a scarf knotted in a way to form a 'crow's bill' on the forehead, a

four-paneled dress split at the sides up to the armpits, and silk belt knotted at thle back with

both ends hanging down. Women of Phen group wear an indigo skirt and short vest in white.

The vests of young Pa Di group women are decorated at the front by beehive-shaped silver

buttons. Women like to wear silver earrings, necklaces and bracelets around their wrists and

ankles.

Culti vat ionThe T7y mainly cultivate wvet rive, their staple food. Techniques are fairly advanced

and catching up with those of the Viet, including an effective irrigation system. Market

gardening is a recent innovation, however, the 7ay have been engaging in producing specific

crops i.e. anise (in Lang Son), soya bean (in Cao Bang and Lang Son), cinnamon (in Yen

Bai), high value trees for timber and tea (in Bac Thai and Ha Giang) and tobacco (in Cao

Bang and Lang Son). They also grow cotton, indigo plant, fruit trees (peaches, apricot,

tangerine), chestnut and other crops. The Tay have long experience in the growing of bamboo

used as building material and in basketry.

Animal husbandryAnimal raising is quite developed in the Taly communities. Their farm yards are crowded wvith

poultry and pigs; oxen and buffaloes are left to wander in the valleys and are brought back

only at the ploughing time. The Nuoc Hai horses (Cao Bang), That Khe duck (Lang Son) and

Trung Khanh duck (Cao Bang) Bao Loc ox (Cao Bang) and pigs from Lang son are known

throughout the country.Fish rearing in ponds and lakes is also a specialty for the Thy communities.

Handicr-aftsHandicrafts are fairly sophisticated and satisfy the local requirenhents. Surplus items are used

for exchange. Brocade (Cao Bang) is a popular artifact in the domestic market and also

becoming an important export item. Barter is a feature mainly prevailing in the border

markets.

6

IlTe First Rtural Fnergy Project RE I - Phase 3

Social and Family RelationshipPrior to 1945, the 7ay society was already sophisticated, but not uniformly. In the

basins of the Gam, Lo, Chay and Hong (Red) rivers, the tho try (the administration appointedby the feudal court) were in existence right up to 1954. These ,/wo is t;r (plIng) werehereditary. They appropriated all the land and turned the peasants into serfs. The people wvere

divided into two categories: free peasants who cultivated communal lands but had to fulfill

obligations towards the village, pay dues to the lords and perform corves and semi-freepeasants who had to perform corves and offer tribute to the lords in retu-n for tlhe riglht ofresidence and the benefits from a piece of land. During these old days, the "droit de cuissage"(the right of a feudal lord to abuse a bride before the husband) was maintained as well as thecustom of burying alive any notables wvho had served the lord upon the latter's death. In otherregions, class differentiation evolved in the same way as on the plains, the influence of this

being typical: a minority of land owners, a stratum of rich peasants, a larger stratum of middlepeasants, the poor peasants who make up the majority of the working people, practically notlandless people. The area of land in private hands is larger than that of the communal land.

The patriarchal, monogamous family constitutes the basic unit of 7ay in traditionalsociety, but a wider network of relationships is respected in the veneration of ancestors, incustoms and practices, and in the settlement of disputes among members of the same line. Thefather decides all family matters. The eldest son is his designated successor. Women play asecondary role are taken into account only in the area of romantic sentiment.

However, vestiges of maternity can still be found, such as respect of members of the

wife's family and for matemal uncles, a married couples living with the bride's family - stillseen in Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang and Bac 'I'hai provinces. Exogamy is rule, but marriage is

often a matter of buying and selling, and must be in accordance with convention. The greaterpart of a family inheritance is given to the eldest son. The latter's children, irrespective of age,

are always accorded greater consideration tlhal those ofhis younger brothers.Rites involved marriages, funerals and the naming of newv-bor-n babies follow Confuciani

prescriptions. Except a few details, they are similar to those of the Viet. The 7ay family livein harmony and parents are not very strict with their children. Divorce is rare.

The Tay live separately in their communes and villages, among their own ethnicgroup. Nowadays, they mix up with the population of the village or hamlet and take up

employment in the remote regions. Some are married to members of other ethnic groups.Funerals are similar to those of the Viet in many respects.

Spiritual lifeThe 7ay, like the Viet, are influenced by Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism.

Villagers venerate genies of the earth and hearth. The earth genie is worshipped in a sanctuaryor at tlhe foot of a banyan tree. Local deities are wvorshipped in a secluded forest area or on thetop of a mountain considered sacred and called the "forest or mount of the gods". In theirtemples, the 7ay wvorship all the deities of the three religions, the spirit of the river, that of themountain and other local spirits. On the altars of the ancestors, many families venerateConfucius, the Buddha and Kwan Yin. Ceremonies and rites are inspired by the Tho Mai GiaLe, a book defining the marriage, funeral and childbirth rituals followed by the ancient Viet.Agrigarian rituals are performed mainly at the beginning of spring, when the agriculturalcycle starts. Depending on the region, the 7'ay organize ceremonies and feasts on the occasionof "going to the fields" celebratinig the moon, wvorkinig on the mountain, hens laying eggs toexpress gratitude and pray to the genies for fertility, property, happiness, health and luck. It isalso an opportunity for young people to express their feelings before starting a new cycle of

7

7The First Rt-al Eneirg Pro?ject RE I - I'licase 3

production. The culture of the 7av has been deeply influenced by the Viet culture due to their

long-standing co-existence. Art and literature saw an early flowering with the creation of the

Nom-7ay written language (the 7ay demotic script inspired by Chinese characters) and the

emergence of such authors as Quan Nac and Quynh Van as early as the 16h and 17th

centuries. The poems of Do Hau criticized the society of the end of the 19"' century and the

beginning of tlhe 201' century. Many wvorks in Nom-Tay appeared: the long poems of Nam Kinl

- 7hi Dan. Luoong Quan - Biooc Roin and others. Stories adapted from those of Viet or the

Chinese such as Tong Clian - Cuc Hoa, Plhan Tai - Ngoc Hoa, Kim Van Kieu, Luong Son Ba

Chuc An/h Dai, such legends as those of Nung Tri Cao and Nung Van Can, the Tav heroes

who led uprisings against Chinese feudalism and aggression; and myths such as Pu Luong -

Gia Cai, the first two ancestors of hlumial, and the cdisjute over the royal throne by nin2e

princes. Particular noteworthy is the humorous tales and fables of important educational

value.7ay folklore also has the Iuon, a kind of duet between lovers comparable to the hat

chun of the Viet or sli and k/hap of the Nung and 7Thai. The luon comprises several tunes: the

hion then, the nang hai, the hion sluonig of Cao Bang and Lang Son provinces, the luon k/lap

of Lao Cai and Yen Bai provinces. The luon of the 7Ty lhas its rules and codes like the quaan

ho Bac Ni,i/z of the Viet or the han7 kh/uong of the 7 hai.

There is also a kind of story in verse the contents of wvhich are similar to those of the

luon: it is recited in the same manner as the Viet poems.The then or nuptial song is a very rich and very popular genre. Musical instruments

and dances, however, are limited in scope and among the 7Ty as compared with other ethnic

groups. Entertainmenits and plays, by contrast, are numerous, including the lion dance, stick

dance, water puppets, chess, spinning tops, the khang or tip-cat play, the throwing of con (a

kind of large shuttlecock) and kite flying (using typical 7ay kites). The 7ay-Nung written

language has recently been Romanized and is taught in schools along with Vietnamese. Books

and newspapers in Tay-Nung are published widely in Toy-Nung regions.

The NuigDenomination: NungSmall local groups: Nung Khen Lai, Nung Giang, Nung An, Nung Inh, Nung Loi, Nung

Phlan Sin/h, Nung Chaoo, Nung Quy rin. Nung Xuong. Nung Di)i, Nung Tung Sliui

Language: 7ay-ThaiArea of habitation: Mainly in Cao Bang and Lang Son provinces

The Nung live togetlher wvith the 7ay.A number of Nung now live in HCMC, Dong Nai, Lam Dong and Dak

LakMaterial life

HousingDepending oni the group and locality, the Nung house is built either level with the ground or

half on stilts witlh clay walls and a tiled group. In tlle past, men lived on the first floor (if tile

house was on stilts), and cattle and poultry were below and agricultural produce and tools

were kept in a granary up near the roof. Today, the house is larger and well ventilated while

the space below is reserved for farming implements. Wood is also kept there, the cattle having

been removed to shreds built some distance rrom the main house.

The Nung house, by contrast with that of the 7Thai, is divided into two parts widthwise. In the

front part is located the altar to the ancestors and visitors are received there. The back part is

used as bedroom and kitchen.

8

The First Rturail EneqX lProject RE I - Phase 3

DressesIn general, the Nung, especially women, all dress in the same wvay, vith only slight

differences depending on locality. Men wear an indigo vest with military collar, buttoned at

the front like neighbouring ethnic groups in the highland regions of northern Vietnam. The

Nung An adopt five-paneled vest buttoned at the right. Women also wear a five-paneled vest

buttoned at the side, shorter than that or the 'Ty and depending on the group. A small round

or oval cushion protects the vest wvhen something heavy is to be carried on the shoulder and

an apron is attached at the front when the men are working. Today, young people prefer

European-style shirts and trousers. Elderly people still cling to the traditional costume.

CultivationThe Nung, long-standing cultivators, intensively utilize submerged fields. But due to the

shortage of land, they also cultivate terraced field and burnt over land. Farming techniques are

more advanced than those of neighbouring ethnic groups. They have always used manure

particularly that of animal origin. They do not transplant rice seedlings or grow anotlher crop

in winter. They build low walls (Im high) around their terraced fields. The crops cultivated in

tums throughout the year on burnt-over land and in the gardens are quite varied: com, canary-

seed, peanuts, vegetables and sweet potatoes to overcome the pre-harvest food shortages.

They all have kind of vegetables at family meals throughout the year. Bamboo, fruit trees,

anise and lacquer trees grow in many gardens. The Nung are considered as thie best gardeners

in Vietnam.For some decades now, the Nung have been transforming the burnt-over land into terraced

rields and reorganizing their submerged fields by means of small and medium-sized irrigation

works.

Animal husbandrlyAnimal raising (cattle and poultry) is only a secondary activity but well developed. Each

family has its own poultry yard with chickens, ducks, geese, pigs and buffaloes. The Nung

also rear fish in the submerged rice-fields.

HandicraftsHandicrafts are a continuing activity, particularly weaving to supply local needs. Each woman

has her own loom and plot of land to grow cotton and indigo. The cloth is dyed several times

and then beaten until its surface becomes glossy. Old clothes are often re-dyed. Carpentry, the

production of bricks and tiles, jars, jugs, paper, and cotton thread, silver-artifacts, basketry

and so on are seen in many villages.All vitally needed items are produced in sufficient quantity for local consumption and

exchange, except salt. Artisani activities flourish, particularly in the slow periods of

agricultural calendar. Blacksmithing takes place all year round. The Nung An is famous for

this in Cao Bang and Tuyen Quang provinces.

Social and Family relationshipIn the past, the Nung live in scattered hamlets and villages. They are tending to come together

to form larger population centers. In the village, horses are not built in accordance with any

particular plan; their arrangement varies with local topology. The pathways are narrow and

winding. Surrounding the house is generallv a garden where fruit trees are growni including

pear, plum, orange, grapefruit and banana. Huts have recently begun to be built for

handicrafts such as basketry, blacksmithing and woodworking as well as for providing shelter

for cattle and pigs.The Nung has a deeply-felt sense of ethnic identity and great loyalty to local chiefs and elders.

Their society has experienced some class differentiation. There are no communal lands and

9

7/we First Rtrral ErneXg Project REI - Phla(se 3

private land is the result of individual land reclamation.In the village, patriarchal nuclear families form the basic unit of society. Issues relating toinheritance and marriage are as men's business. Marriage is seen as a business matter and the

expense incurred are very high. Once married, a woman is completely dependent on her

husband and parent-in-law. Confucianism demands the maintaining of a rigorous distance a

woman and her father-in-law and brothers-in-law.

Spiritual lifeThe Nung are close to the 7lay in respect of ancestor worship, festival rituals and annual

ceremonies. As followers of Buddhism, they wvorship Kwan Yin. A Buddhist altar is placed

above the altar to the ancestors which is the most sacred place. They pray for the protectionfrom the Buddha against natural calamities which threaten to crops or when someone is takenill. They refrain from eating beef, buffalo meat and dog meat. Belief in the existence of a

genie of the earth is still so strong that outside the home of every Nung is an altar to it.Some superstitious practices persist, particularly among the poor who appeal, for instance, tothe thay mo (sorcerer) to perform exorcisms in the event of illness or accident. The latter areamong the rare individuals who know the Nung demotic wvriting use in the preparation of

prayer books.The Nung literary and artistic heritage is very rich. Very popular are alternative songs (sli)

and marriage songs (co lau). The melodies and lyrics vary from one group to another. Theextol nature and tale of the sufferings of the people from oppression and injustice in

traditional society. The sli speak of love and express hope for a better future. Singing the slihas been a popular custom; young and old, men and women- everyone sings the sli,

especially on market days.Other aspects of Nung art are very close to those of the 7ay.

The MAionig

The Mnong is one of the indigenous inhabitants of thie country, who live in the soutlhwest Dak

Lak, Dak Nong, Lam Dong, Song Be. They have low posture, thick lips and pale black

complexion.Their language belongs to the Mon-Khmer group. The Mnong is typical of the inhabitants of

the hoe-using agriculture in Central Highland. Their economny relies mainly on farming onhilly fields.

Material life

The clearing up of forest for cultivation normally takles place in the first days of the year, after

a number of farming rituals. Burning trees to clear up land for cultivation is the most

important wvork for the Mnong.The Mnong build rice bams inside their house, on the yard and on the rice (mountain) field.

They rely on natural features such as the banlk of a stream, the foot of a mountain etc. sodetermine the border the divides pieces of land for cultivation which belong to households or

villages.The Mnong have self-supply trades such as groNving cotton, veaving cloth, and wveaving of

bamboo products.When a family decides on building a newv house the whlole village wvill come to help in terms

of labour, material and food.Mnong villages are usually situated along rivers or streams, so as to be near sources of wvaterfor daily use. A village usually consists of about ten long houses, rarely with high trees andgardens around.

10

Thle First Rt-al ergy Pl'roject RE I - Plhase 3

A Mnong long house is the dwelling place for small families.

DressesMnong women wear skirts and short shirts which are put on through the head and aretightened around the body. Mnong men wvear long loin-cloth which reaches down and coversthe buttocks. They only wear these on Tet (New year) and festivals. They dress like the Kinhin their everyday life.The Mnong love to wear a lot ofjewelries made from bronze, silver, and string of beads.Their principal means of transport is a papoose on the back.

Animal husbandilyHusbandry is very developed in the Mnong community. They raise a lot of poultry and pigs.Cattle are let wandering in the valley and are only brought home when they are needed.

Family and social relations

Mnong is still basically a matriarchal family with children bearing mother's surname. Theman normally resides in the house of the wife's side, and in some places, the man resides atthe house of the wife's side for some time and the wife at the house of the man's side forsome time before they start to reside in their own house. Within the family women havedominant roles and men are respected. Right of inheritance belongs to the youngest daughter.Marriage in the Mnong community is taken care of mainly by the bridegroom's family. Theyhave the custom of having an abstaining Nveek after the wedding day during they do notreceive visitors. Polygamy and divorce are rare.The Mnong believe that death is denial of daily food and go to the other world to live withtheir ancestors. According to this belief, the dead also need property as when they were alive.That is why dead people are given their share of property and are given objects at their burial,such as jar, terra-cotta pot, porcelain bowvl, bracelet, dried bacu (to be used as a container), etc.In the village when someone dies, everybody else will stop all their work in the field to takecare of the dead person and give a hand in making arrangement for the funeral. Dead peopleare buried in the graveyard of the village. The mourning lasts from a week to a month. Theydo not have the custom of reburial.

Spiritual life

The religion of the Mnong is related to agriculture, and they believe that everything has asoul. They believe in the wicked god and the good god.The Mnong still do not have a script for their language.

The Ede

The Ecde are also long-standing indigenous inhabitants in Dak Lak, Dak Nong. Some still livein Gia Lai - Kontum and in mountainous areas of Phu Yen and Khanh Hoa provinces. Theyare more commonly addressed as Anak Edcle.As is true of other ethnic minorities in Central Highland, the population growth rate is the E,-deis small.

Material life

In the traditional farming of the Elde, growing in the mountain field has a crucial role, which isthe main source of supply of food, and thle cultivation of rice on water paddy field occupies

1 1

T7he First Rural biergv Project RE I - IPhase 3

only a small percentage. On the mountain field, apart from rice, which is the main crop, thereare also corn, potato and cassava. The farming tools are simple, mainly hoe, stick to makeholes, pipes to contain seeds, rake, papoose, rice huskers.Although the methods and tools of cultivation are simple, the harvests are relativelysatisfactory.The Ede live on houses on stilts, made from bamboo, timber, and thatch-roofed, and built inthe nortlh-south direction. A typical house has two doors, with the front door for visitors andmales, the back door for females. The main room of the house is to receive visitors, and thedine-in kitchen serves as the common room for the family where rituals and death anniversarycelebrations, etc, are held.

Animal husbandry

Almost every family raises a lot of poultry, and dozens of pigs, buffaloes and oxen.Due to a favorable environment, hunting plays a crucial role in the life of the Ede. When ananimal is caught they normally share it among the member of the community to enjoy and tocelebrate the luck togetlher. In their everyday life they eat wild vegetables, honey, fruits, andihev use bamboo and timber for building.

HandicrafiThe Ecle do forging, pottery, and weaving of bamboo products

DressesAlthough there are local groups, the Ede have similar dresses. Women wear long skirts andshirt put on through the neck. Men wear long shirts and loin-cloth. Women wear a lot ofbronze and silver jewelries. They wear traditional dresses on Tet celebration or otherceremonial occasions. In everyday life they dress like most Kinh people.

Family and social relationships

The community spirit of the Ede can be seen in their readiness to help one another inproduction and in everyday life. Tlhey also help one anotlher in funerals and weddings.When someone dies the whole hamlllet will stop all the work to help with the funeral.The Ecde followv a matriarchal structure w\ith tlhe wvife having a dominant role over the husbandand children. They live in long houses.Marriage between the wife's siblings and the husband's siblings is rather popular, wvhich theELde believe to mainlain the continuilty of the family line.

Spiritual lifeThe Ede traditionally believe that soil and water have thieir separate gods, but that all the godsivork closely together to govemr nature.The Edce have rich literature and arts, for example, designs on clotl, wood engravings, designson wood, gong music. folk songs, bamboo musical instruments, etc.

The 7thai,Denomination: 7'haiSmall local groups: Black 7hai, White T'haiLanguage: 7ay-7hoaiArea of habitation: Mainly in Son La, Lai Chau, Thanh Hoa provinces. Some are living In

Dak Lak and Dak Nong provinces

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Tle First Rur al Energy Prrject RE I - Phase 3

Material life:

HousesThe 7'hai live in ban (hamlet) and muong (village). Each ban has its own name, depending

local legends and the title of the head of the ban. Each ban has about 40-50 houses.

It may vary with different local group and areas, but most 7hai houses are made from wood

on stilts, very solid and beautiful, and are built following traditional patterns which are

handed over from generation to generation.The roofs houses of Black 7hai have the shape of tortoise-shell at two ends. And the roofs of

houses of White T'hai are rectangular in shape and there are rails in the front or around the

house.The 7'hai do not have a lot or household utensils and therefore, looks spacious and ventilated.

At present the Thai tend to follow the Kinh and change to live in houses built on the ground

or half on stilts.

DressesGenerally speaking, the 7'hai dresses are very much alike, particularly for women, with only

small local differences . Women dresses are beautiful, tidy, not sophisticated, and are to

enhance nice traits of the woman figure. The choice of color is delicate, with elegant designs

and patterns, very unique of the 7hai.At present, 7'hai men tend to like to wear European clothes, and women tend to keep to

traditional dresses.

Cuhtivationl

The Thai have a long-standing cultivation, with rice grown in submerged fields as a main

crop. But due to shortage of land, they also cultivate on terraced and mountain fields.

The 77lai have more advanced farming techniques than olher ethnic minorities in

neighbouring areas. They use muck, and do not transplant rice seedlings or grow non-rice

crops in winter. Thley make embankments about 1 m high around their terraced fields. They

have rotational crops of corn, groundnut, vegetables, potato, and therefore secure enough food

all year round. They grow bamboo trees, fruit trees, hoi, wvax tree in their gardens, and are

considered as good at gardening in Vietnam.

In recent years the Thai have moved from cultivating on mountain fields to terraced fields,

and have used small- and medium-scale irrigation for cultivation in submerged fields.

AniInal husbandriRaising poultry is just secondary but has been very developed. Each household has its vard,

on which they raise chiicken, ducks, geese, pigs, buffaloes, oxen. They also raise fish in

submerged fields.

Handicrafi

Handicraft activities take place all year round, particularly of weaving cloth to satisfy the

needs of people in the hamlet. Each Nvoman has a loom, and some land to grow cotton and

indigo. Their cloth is dyed many times and is beaten until the surface shines. Thev also dve

their used clothes. The 7'hai brocade is unique with rich patterns. In some hamlets, the 7hai

also do carpentry, make bricks and tiles, and pottery.

All the basic goods for consumption and exchange are produced locally, except salt.

13

7'lre First Rtral Ene-gi' ProjecI RE I - PIlhase 3

Handicraft is very developed, particularly during between-crops time.

Family and social relations

In the 7'Iai society, land, fields, water sources, forests, all traditionally belonged to collective

ownerships. However, in some areas, they wvere occupied by the landlords. Nowadays they aremanaged by the State, and the State distribute them to each household.

Each hamlet or village is home to a clan or a family line, and is associated with an animal or

an object which is worslhipped.The Thai family is patriarchal, vith head of the family being the dominant figure. Women

have a lower status than men.Monogamy is popular, and there has been greater equality betwveen men and wvomen in the

Thai society.

Spiritual life

The 7hai are very much like the Tay in terms of worshipping and rituals. They believe in

supematural powers wvho are governing their life. They believe in Then Luong, who governs

everything in heaven and on earth.Some other religions and superstitions still exist, such as belief in ghost, spirit, and thav mo,

in treatment of illnesses. The 7'hai have rich cultural heritage. Legends play an important

role, together with tales about historical figures. The 7Thai also have rich folklore.

There are also some other ethnic minorities in the project areas, such as the Dao and the

Muong, but they are too small in number to describe here.General speaking, all the ethnic minorities follow plans and arrangements made local

authorities in organizing their production activities.Most children of ethnic families go to the same school as tlhe Kiinh. T'he ethnic minorities take

part in almost all cultural activities and share all economic opportunities and benefits in thecommunity as the Kinh people.

1.2. In impacted cominmines

The results of screening and inventories of losses show that all the 1 1 project

communes of Dak Nong have ethnic minor-ities impacted due to temporary and/or permanent

loss of land and attached properties.

In the 5 districts of Dak Nong, most of the hamlets and villages where there are EM

people living already have electricity. Therefore, in this subproject, only 7 communes in 3

districts (Cu Jut, Dak Song, Krong No) have an EMDP. (see Table 2-1).

14

The First Rtral Eneg_i' Project REI - Phase 3

Table 2-1: Distribution of RE Iphase 3 project's diisplaced eltinic minorities'people byDistrict'C'oiniuniil e

Number of im )actc(l persons ... Number of

DISTRICT/ Number of Number of Number of impacted Ethic

COMMUNE impactc(e impacted peISOnS imllpaCtCd I)CIpSos Minority'p)ersonls, population

(person)

I. Cu Jut District 1548 438 28-29 2102

1. Dak Wil Commune 854 343 40,16 1646

2. Cu Knia Colmmlune 694 95 13,68 456

lI/Krong No District 556 212 38,13 1084

1. Dak Sor Communie 122 72 60 370

2. Nani Da Commiiunie 238 19 8 98

3. Nam N'Dir 196 120 63 616

III/ Dak Song District 1350 337 25 1926

1. Dak Song Commiiunie 652 163 24,8 929

2. Dak Mol Commiiiiune 698 174 25.2 997

Dak Nongy Province 3454 987 34,99 5112

Impacted ethnic minorities in the 07 communes mak-e up 34.99 % of the total

population. Details on their distributioni by EM affected communes are given in tlheAppendixes.

The average househiold size of EM is a little bit bigger (4.7 per/HH) than that of Kinhpeople (3.2 per/HI).

The results of the ethnic minority screening also show that in the impacted communes,mainly Mnong. Tay, Nung, Dao, Mong, Muong and Ede ethnic minority groups are impacted.Other ethnic minority groups live beyond the project impacted areas.

15

The First Ruiral Ehe,g' Prloject RE I - Phlase 3

7able 2-2: Distribitioz of etihnic minlorities in sub-project areas.

District/Commune Ethnic Number Population % of male % of Aver HH's % of totalminority of Hlls (per) female size population

1. Cu Jut District 2822 13431 48.94 51.06 4.8 1011

1. Dalk Wil 1651 7650 48.87 51.12 4.8 100

in whiclh: 1. Kinli 753 3025 51 49 4.02 39.54

2. Tay 180 836 48 52 4.64 10.93

3 Nunig 356 1800 42 58 5.06 23.53

.Dao 201 1201 51 49 5.98 15.70

5. Tlai 28 126 53 47 1 4.50 1.65

6 Mong 40 233 46 54 5.83 3.05

7. Muong 6 23 48 52 3.83 0.30

8. Ede 87 406 52 48 4.67 5.31

2. Cu Knia 1171 5781 49 51 4.8 100

1. Kinil 150 845 49 51 5.63 14.62

2.Tay 350 2195 53 47 6.27 37.97

3_ Nung 240 784 45 55 3.27 13.56

4. Thai 200 737 51 49 3.69 12.75

5. Mong 231 1220 47 53 5.28 21.10II/ Krong No 5509 36339 49.2 50.86 4.18 100

District1. Daki Sor 2210 10116 47.8 52.3 4.33 100

inwlicli: 1. Kiniih 892 3725 49.25 50.75 4.17 36.82_2. Edc 14 62 48.68 51.32 4.4 0.613. MNong 8 39 47.85 52.15 4.9 0.39

4. Tllai 516 2761 49.67 50.33 5.35 27.29

5. Tay 330 1506 49.8 50.2 4.56 14.89

6. Muong 14 57 48.3 51.7 4.07 0.56

7. Nunig 408 1848 51 49 4.53 18.278. Cao______________ Lang 2 6 33.33 66.67 3 0.06

9_ Dao 10 36 50 50 3.6 0.36

10. Tlio 16 76 49.8 50.2 4.75 0.75__ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~--- ------------_--------- -------- - ------ --- ---- --- --- -- --- --- t- ----- -- -- -- -- -- -- -~- --- - ~- -- ----- ---------

2. Nam Da _ 2151 10102 51.53 48.47 3.83 100in whlichi: L. Kinil 1980 9337 48 52 4.7 92.43

2. Tay 87 367 47.63 52.37. 4.2 3.63

3. Nutng 77 375 49.67 50.33 4.9 3.71

. Tliai 2 7 49.8 50.2 3.5 0.07

5. Kli'Me 4 9 55.6 44.4 2.5 0.(96. Dao 1 2 50 50 2 0.547. Muong 1 5 60 40 5 1.33

Nam N'Dir 1148 16121 48.20 51.80 4.39 100

ill wliici: 1. Kiniih 423 1778 47.85 52.15 4.2 11.03

16

Tlze First Ruiral Fizergy Prrject RE I - Phase 3

2.Dao 567 3436 49.67 50.33 6.1 21.31

3. Miong 119 621 49.8 50.2 , 5.2 3.854. Tay 4 1 1 45.4 5.6 2.75 0.07

5. Tlhai 35 129 48.3 51. 7 3.68 0.80

III/ Dak SongDisti-ict 4187 18524 49.11) 50.91 5.07 10N

1. Dalc Song 2421 9728 49.05 50.95 4.8 100

In wliiclh: 1. Kinli 1941 7780 49.25 50. 75 4 80

2. Mniong 395 1556 48.68 51.32 3.9 16

3. Dao 33 152 47.85 52.15 4.6 1.5

4. Tay 44 206 49.67 50.33 4.7 2.1

5. Oilicrs 8 33 49.8 50.2 4.1 0.3

2. Dalc Mol 1766 8796 49.14 50.86 5.35 100

In wlhich: 1. Kinhd 1416 6735 48.3 51. 7 4.75 80

2. Mionig 288 1751 51 49 6.08 16

3. Dao 24 129 47 53 .5.37 1.3

4. Tav 32 145 49.6 50.4 , 4.53 1.8

5. Otlhers 6 36 49.8 50.2 6 0.3

Total 12518 68294 49.08 50.92 4.68 100

11.2. General situation:

Dak Nong is a Central Highland province of Vietnam. In tihe last decade, Dak Nonghas made considerable achievements in economy; the annual GDP growth is 16.2%.

This rate in industry is 20.3%, in agriculture and forestry 5%, in commerce and service17.6%. However, due to the fact tllat the main revenue still comes from agriculture, Dak Nongremains one of the poorest provinces of Central Highland.

Like the comimioni situation in Vietnam. ethic minority groups in Dak Nong provincehave enjoyed benefits of development and have quality of life being improved clearly.However, they still lag far behlilid the Kinh due to manry reasons, including their traditionallymore or less closed social and economical systems; greater dependence on natural resourcebase which is under depletion; generally lower education; more mouths to feed and lowvereconomic start point... That's why special attention for them should be taken to ensure thatthey will be treated fairly and they wvill benefits from the project development competitivewvith their social and economic structures.

According to results of surveys, ethnic minorities in the affected communes often aresettled in groups, forming own hamlets. Somewhere, in some villages, one can see thleirmixed settlements with Kinh people. The economy of the ethnic minority people still hasstrong self-sufficient characteristics. They maintain specific features of their socio-economicand cultural life from the othiers.

So far, ethnic minority people in the impacted communes still populariv dress tileirethnic traditional costumes and speak their own languages. As the youth and children todaygo to school, they can speak Vietnamese, only the old generation may not be able to speakVietnamese.

17

71e IFirst Ruer,il 1h'tgtp Proqycl R/1? I - I'Phae 3

In ethnic minority society. the old men play very important spiritual role incommunity. They are very respected by villagers, being mental advisors, negotiators,mediators and taking active part in decision-making process for different things and events inthe commune. They are always consulted about house building, marriages or other important,common or households issues. To perform government policies, development programs, itstasks and responsibilities, the local communities always strongly rely on cooperation with andchanneling information through the ethnic minority old men of villages.

Meanwhile, the integration with other ethllic group. including with Vietnamesemajority, also is a common tendency in the project EM communes, from which the localminority people can gain benefits, upgrading their social and economical awareness andimproving their production skills and techniques...

11.3. Land use systems

Equally to the local Kinh, under Vietnam's Land Law, ethnic minorities' farmers inDak Nong have been allocated arable land and granted with long-term land use rightcertificates. Etlnic minority people in all affected communes were allocated agricultural landequally to the others too. They got an equal average size of wvet rice land as Kinh did. Besides,they have some areas of upland fields for cultivation of upland crops. However, the arableland in these, mostly mountainous, communes is very scarce, the HH's land holding is verylimited. This restrict possibilities for development of agriculture, creating great difficulties forincreasing income of the local population, including ethnic minority people.

As in the results of the long period of agricultural cooperation, all project communeshad passed collectivization, thus all land wvas belonged to cooperatives. Af.t.er Doi Nloi'-arable land was evenly distributed to all farmers for long term agricultural use, so presentlythere are not observed custom rights in local land use similar to that were in their traditionalagricultural systems.

11.4. Production

All the project EM communes are agricultural, wvhere all local HHs, both ethnicminorities and the Kinh (Vietnamese) are engaged in cultivation, livestock and forestry.

Main local crops include both Nvet and upland rice, maize, cassava and somevegetables. Besides, thie local ethnic minority people also grow industrial trees of higheconomic value such as corfee, rubber tree, pepper tree, etc., to supply for the Dak Nongmarkets.

Buffalos, pigs and poultry are traditional domestic animals in the communes.However, livestock still is poorly developed anmong the local ethnic minority population. Forexample, in Dak Wil Commune, among the Nung, Ede, and Tay, there only HHs, wlho haveabove average income, breed buffalo and there only about 40% of Ede and Nung HHs raisepigs. Chicken, ducks and other animals are bred in very limited number.

11.5. Living standards and conditions

All the EM affected communes have access road to the commune's center. Allcommunes have primary schools, kindergartens, cultural, telecommunication and health carecenters. Local people still rely on crops of coffee, rubber, pepper for their main sources ofrevenue. The average annual income is 3,720,000 VND/person or 279.440VND/month/person.

18

7Tlhe Ffrit Ruiral lEneigv l'roject RE I - Phas.ve 3

100% HHs have water for domestic use from Nvells

82% HHs own TV and other electric appliances.

The Table 2-3 follow provides some data about living conditions of ethnic minoritypeople in the 07 affected communes:

Table 2-3: Living conditions of EM people in the impacted communes

Commune EM Poverty Illitcracv Semi Tempora Access to Having Havinghaving EM Monthly rate of rate (% to permane iy house safe toilet (% TV &impacted per capita EM above nt house (% total water (% total HHs valuable

income (%) school aged (% total His total HHs number) assets (%(1000 VND) population) HHs number) number) total HHs

number ) -number)

1. Cu Jut 280 23 11 91 9 I(0 62.5 96.5District

1. Dak Wil 310 20 10 92 8 100 65 98Communeltiic

2. Cu Knia 250 26 12 90 10 100 60 95Coiiiiiiune

II/KrongNo 278.33 23 12 90.67 9.33 10( 60 96.33District

1. DakSor 310 20 10 92 8 100 60 98Communie .

2. Nam Da 250 26 12 90 10 100 60 95Coiniiinttie.

3. Nam 275 23 14 90 10 100 60 96N'Dir

111/ DalkSong 280 23 11 91 9 100 60 96.5District

1. DakSonig 310 20 10 92 8 100 60 98Commliunie

2. DakMol 250 26 12 90 10 100 60 95Coniiiniui c - _ _- - - - - - - - - - - -

Daki Nong 279.44 23 11.33 90.89 9.11 100 60.83 96.44Province

19

7lie Fir.st R?ural hIhery P'rojec' RE I - Plhlav 3

1L6. Education

The ethniic minorities in Dak Nong, like the common situation in Vietnam, arebenefited from preferential treatment in education systems, including exemption fromeducation fees in schools and preference in college admission. Howvever, illiteracy of theadults still is very high among the ethnic minorities in Dak Nong as a wlhole and in theaffected communes as particular. The situation has been improved during the last years.Today, the most of school-aged children in the mountainous districts of Central Highland goto schools, only very fewv of them may not have education Nvhich is mainly caused by the HHseconomic situation.

111. LEGAL FRAMEWORK

This plan is developed based on OD 4.20 on Indigenous People of the World Bankand Policies for EM of GOV.

Ill. 1. Vietnam Laws:

Article 5 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1992) reads:

"772e Socialist Republic of Vietnam is ihe uni ied .Sale of all nationalities living on theterritoty of Vietn2am. 7he SJate carries out a policy of equality, solidarity and mutualassistance amnong all nationalities, and forbids all acts of national discrimination anddivision. Every nationality has the right to use its own language and system of writing. topreserve its national identitiy andl to prom7lote its fine custons, habits, traditions, an2d culture.The State carries out a policy of compprehensive cdevelopment and gradually raises thenaterial and spiritual living conditions ol ihe national mninorities.

Article 94 in the Constitution states that the Ethnic People Committee has the riglht tosubmit proposals, plans or related issues of indigenous peoples to the Assembly, monitor,control the implementation of national policies, development programs on various areas suchas, education, health care, etc.

The presence of Ethnic People Council in the National Assembly and the Committeefor Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Areas (CEMMA) in the Government together wvithmany programs addressing socio-economic and natural resource improvements - in remote,upland and mountainous areas inhabited by ethnic minorities is evidence on consistent policyof equality for and no discrimination against ethnic minorities, and commitments to improvesituation for its ethnic minorities, pursued by the State of Vietnam.

According to the Government of Viet Nam, ethnic minorities have the followvingcharacteristics:

- An intimate understanding and long stay in the territory, land or area of theirancestors closed attachment to the natural resources;

- Self-identification and recognized by neighboring members by their distinctiveculture

- A language different from the national language

- A long traditional social and institutional svstem

- A self-provided production system

20

The First Ruiral Dneigy Project RE I - Plhase 3

The most important government policies in relation to ethnic minorities have been:Decision 327 of 15 September 1992, Instruction 525/TT of 2 November 1993, Decision556/TT of 12 September 1995, Decision No. 661/QD-TTg of July 29, 1998, and finallyDecision 135/1998/QD-TTg.

Since 1968, the Govemment has promulgated resettlement policy for ethnic groups,reducing migration trends of the ethnic people. The Government Guidance No.525/TTG on2/11/1993 regarding in detail on implementation guiding of development in high land areasand ethnic areas had the main followving points:

* Develop infrastructure especially transportation road system and fresh water supplying

* Step by step overcome thle lack of food

* Consolidate of education system; adjust education program basing on characteristics ofprovinces; create favor conditions and support the irregular education program anddevelop internal economic force.

Decision 135/1998/QD-TTg, 1998, focus specifically on poverty alleviation for etlnicminorities, based on promoting construction of small-scale infrastructure in poor ethnicminority villages. The general objectives of this decree are: (a) rapidly improving not only thematerial but also the life of ethnic milorities in extremely poor villages in mountainous andremote areas; (b) creating better conditions for these rural areas in order to escape frompoverty, backward and slow development, (c) integrate the people in the general developmentof the wvhole country; and (d) contributing to security, safety, and natural defense.

Among the goals for 1998-2005 are:

(i) eliminating hunger and reducing poverty by 4-5% annually (and 25% by 2005),

(ii) supporting infrastructure (domestic wvater supply, building vehicle roads tocommune centers, and promoting rural market development)

(iii) encouraging children to go to school in righlt age, providing training to themajority of ethnic minorities, enriching them wvith knowvledge and skills ofproduction, and

(iv) controlling dangerous diseases.

111.2. WB's OD 4.20 on Indigenous People

The World Bank objective towvards ethnic minorities is to ensure that the developmentprocess foster full respect for their dignity, human rights, and cultural uniqueness. At thecentre of the World Bank OD 4.20 is to ensure that ethnic minorities do not suffer adverseeffects during the development process, particularly from Bank-financed projects, and thatthey receive culturally compatible social and economic benefits.

The World Bank's strategy for addressing the issues pertaining to ethnic minoritiesmust be based on the infor7ned participation of the ethnic minorities themselves. Thusidentifying local preferences through direct consultation, incorporation of indigenousknowledge in project approaches, and appropriate early use of experienced specialists are coreactivities for any project that affect ethnic minorities and their rights to natural resources.

Thus Vietnam's legal stated policy concerning ethnic minorities is similar in content to theWorld Bank policy on Indigenous Peoples OD 4.20.

21

The First Rural Ewe,W1, Projecl RE I - Plasae 3

IV. PROJECT IMPACTS ON ETHNIC MINORITIES

IV.1. Land acquisition and resettlement impacts

The Dak Nong RE I (Phase 3) subproject doesn't cause a broad severe resettlementimpacts on etliimic minorities. It would impact on EM communities in 7 communes of 3districts (Cu Jut, Dak Song, Krong No) of Dak Nong province. Tables 4-1 and 4-2 showv tilesummarized data on project's land acquisition and impacts oni ethnic minorities. More detailson project impacts on EM is given in the Annexes 1- 6.

IV 1.1. In)qacts oni Etlhniic miinlorities:

In total, 987 ethnic minority 1HHs (5, 112 persons) will be adversely impacted due topermanent and/or temporary acquisition of land and loss of movable assets attached to theaffected land.

In total, the project land acquisition involves 30.67 ha, of which thlere only about 0.57ha is lost permanently, while 30.1(0 ha is impacted temporarily. No any ethnic minority HHs'Will be severely affected due to relocation or losing more than 10% of productive land or lossof business site.

TIable 4-1: Pro-ject's inlpacts oni Ethnric Mintorities

Distr-ict/Comniune Total Losing land Losing land Losing RelocatedEM permanently tempor-arily more HHs(HHs) (fills) (Illls) than 10%

landlholding(HHs)

1. Cu Jut District 438 205 438 0 0

1. Dak Wil Commune 343 138 343 0 0

2. Cu Knia Commune 95 67 95 0 0() i

Il/Krong No District 212 156 212 0 0

1. Dak Sor Commune 72 52 72 0 0

2. Nam Da Commune 19 14 19 0 0

3. Nam N'Dir 120 90 120 0 0

III/ Dak Song District 337 194 337 0 0

1. Dak Song 163 96 163 0 0Commune

2. Dak Mol Commune 174 98 174 0 0

Dak Nong Province 987 555 987 0 0

- Number of EM HHs losing land permanently: 555 HHs wvith 221 0 persons

- Number of EM HHs losing land temporarily: 987 HHs with 5112 persons

22

7The First Rurial hiergy Pr(ject RE I - P'ha.se 3

- Number of EMDP affected on house: none

- Number of EMDP affected on secondary structures (external walls, fences): none

- Number of EM DPs affected on trees and crops: 987 HHs

- No impacts on customary land, sensitive places.

All ethnic HHs have long term land use rights to their affected land.

Besides, some concerns towvard risks related to electricity, including possible electricaccidents, fire and especially electro shocks have been expressed by the ethnic minorities andtheir authorities.

IV.1.2 Inlqiact oin lan(l acqIiisitioli

There are 987 HHs temporarily aiffected on land, the total temporarily affected area is30.10 ha.

There are 555 HHs who would be permanellntly acquired land for tower foundationisand substations. Total permanently acquired area is 0.57 ha (average area lost per HH is about2.57 m 2/HH); the acquired area is insignificant in comparison Nvith the total area of theirholdings. There are no EM HHs affected more than 10 % of their total agricultural landholdings.

Table 4.2 Area of EM's lan(d affected by lhe project

Total area of Total arca of lan(d Total arca of lan(i

. District/commune land affected p)ernanently affecte(d temporarily affected((mn2) (m2) (in2 )

I/ Cu Jut Dist. 185,111 1,489 183,511

I.Dak il 116,800 933 67,644

2.Cu Knia 68,200 556 115,867

11/ Krong No Dist 44880) 2275 42605

I.Dak Sor 22320 1IIi 21209

2.Nam Da 5424 358 5066

3. Nam Da 17136 806 16330

111/ Dalc Song 76850 1914 74936

l Dak Song 40100 1022 39078

2. Dak Mol 36750 892 35858

Dale Nong province 306,730 5,678 301,052

IV. 1.3. Impacts oll houose

There are no EM HHs affected on house (Fully or partially).

I V 1. 4. Imitpacts on1 otll er structures

There are no EM HHs affected on other structures (fully or partially).

23

77/e First Rural E:neqn Project RE I - P'hase 3

IV. 1.4. Impact on crops anid trees

There are 987 EM HHs affected on trees and crops (mainly on rice, upland crops, fruit

and perennial trees).

IV.2. Project's positive impacts

To continue the Poverty Alleviation Program, the GOV Vietnam Govemment seeksInternational Assistance. The WB funded RE I (Phase 3) Dak Nong Province project aims to

improve living conditions in rural areas, including the poorest and disadvantaged EM

communes, through provision of a basic infrastructure, the power supply, vhich is supposed

to contribute promotion of socio-economic activities in the areas.

According to results of consultation and focus group discussions, the local EM people,like the majority Kinlh, express their views that they fully support the project investment, even

if they have to lose some their arable land. In their opinions, the proposed improved powver

supply service wvill rather bring benefits to them, positively impacting their living and

economic conditions, than pose negative impacts. Nvhich in fact are very minor. The localauthorities and people consulted in EM affected communes consider that the power supply

will improve their aNvareness and quality of life as they can have TV, radios to learn aboutmany things happening outsides of communes, get information on newv production techniques,seeds .... The local cultural exchanges can also be improved wvith the better electricity.

V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

There wvere a number of discussions and consultations with authorities and local EM

people of all 7 EM impacted communes have been conducted during the project preparationstage. In EM communities, the village elders who used to be the most respectful ones, playing

the vital role in public consultation. They and Nvomen association wvere invited to meetings forgetting information on the project and RP and EMDP. The presentation wvere made by

consultants on proposed locations of the project, its resettlement policy and participants wererequested to express their viewvs toNvard project's possible adverse impacts, propose for

mitigation measures and for development programs.

The local authorities, among them vere many EM officials, actively engaged incollecting data on possible impacts on EMs.

Full support of EM, in all affected communles, have been attained for the Dak NongRE I subproject. Both local authorities and EM people actively participated in discussions on

their needs, problems and priorities, which may integrate ivith the RE I project to extend andmake use of project's benefits for improving incomes and upgrading their social, economicaland cultural lives. Thus, the communes consulted expressed needs for small credits to developfarm-based and non-farm activities. Attentioni vas given for consultations wvith EM on theirproposed measures to improve existing agricultural production. Feedbacks from the EM andtheir authorities have been incorporated into their development plans Nvhich are describedbeloNv.

VI. RECOVERY MEASURES AND DEVELOPMENT PLANS

24

Thlre First Rttral Eei-eg, Project RE I- lhase 3

The EMDP is not only for DPs who are directly affected by land acquisition but alsofor the EM wvho is living in the project affected areas. As mentioned in the RP, this EMDP isdeveloped based on the results of consultation with and participation of EM and their localauthorities.

Special resettlement provisions for ethnic minorities are to ensure consideration ofimpacted ethnic people's views on various issues and to represent their legal rights.

Through consultation with and participation of local authorities and EM in the pro'jectaffected areas, thley gave the feedback on the potenltial adverse impacts b) thle project asbelowv:

- potential of electric shock;

- accident in the construction period;

- disturbance by thle construction and construction wvorkers to villages.

All of these feedback are integrated in this EMDP and Environmental MitigationMeasures.

VI.1. Policy for DPs losing land

I. All of these DPs are entitled to compensation and rehabilitation programs as describedin the RP. In addition, the household wvlo permanently loses productive land issubsidized wvith an amount of 500,OOOVND for fertilizer in order to rehabilitate thenew land or income.

2. DPs opt land for land will be allocated land in the same village;

3. All DPs affected on land Nvill be granted wvith LURC for their land holdings and forland they purchase or be compensated at neNv sites without any payment.

4. Severelv affected DPs vill be assisted to access loan from the Banki for Social Policies(BSP) with the amount of loan from I to 3 million VND per HH in short and mediumterms (1 to 3 years respectively). Proper guidance will be provided so that the peoplewill knowv how to use and manage credit properly. According to BSP policy, EM wvillget loans wilit lowver interest rate (from 10% to 15% lower).

Vl.2. Development plans for all Ethnic Minorities in affected areas

A special program is prepared for EM people who are displaced by the project and/orliving in the project areas. It includes the followings:

1. Project Iiifo nmation disseminiatioin:

General Resettlement Information dissemination has been and will continue to becarried out as a part of the RP implementation for all project's DPs, including the EMimpacted ones. However, to avoid any possible language barrier and ensure full respect to EM.the project information campaign may need to be done in the concemed local EM languages.Moreover, it also needs to inform the EM about the EMDP. To implement this activity, theRIB and other disseminated materials for EM will be translated into and held in the respectiveEM language and posted at places adequate to specifics of their cultural and living conditionls.The project information dissemination for the EM wvill be carried out parallel wvith thedescribed in the RP schedule for general resettlemllent information campaign. The EMconsultant and EM staff of the PMB, PPMU and PCU \ill cooperate with the concernedcommunes to fulfill these tasks. The cost for this special activity is taklen from EVN.

25

71te First Rutral biergy Project RE 1 - Phase 3

2. Trainiiig for electiic safety:

The most population in project area has been connected to local grid line. l-lowever, forelectric safety, certain training of EM still needs to be carried out. For effective organization,the PMB under PC3 in conjunction wvith PPMU under DN's PPC will cooperate with localcommunes to identify specific training needs on electric safety and organize training for all tlhelocal EM HHs. The electric safety education should include followings:

- Leaflet to introduce the regulation electric safety measures and guidance for givingfirst aid in the case of electric shock. The leaflet Nvill be disseminated to all familiesin the project areas.

- Training on electric safety and first aid for electric shock in each commlluLne forlocal people and pupil in primary and secondary schools.

Budget for this activity is come from the EVN fund.

3. Assistance to severely affected EM farmers to access small scale, preferential credit.Such financial support will also contain a training program on applying, use and managementof loan, financing. So far, at this FS stage, there hasn't been identified any severely affectedEM HH who loses more than 10% of thleir total productive land holding. However, in the next,implementation stage, if certain adjustments in technical design will cause any severe impactson some part of the EM, then such assistance will be relevant. The PMB under PC3 andPPMU under DN's PPC will identify the targeted group for their respective components;investigate their demand for credit and discuss with the Bank for Social Policies to reach theBank's commiitmient on giving priority for thie concerned EMDP's to access its small scalecredits and as well to provide them necessary training on the loan procedures, regulations,requirements as well as the use and management of the loans. The PMB and PPMU willconsult with BSP on technical aspects to assist thle entitled EM communities in preparingcredit proposal, wlhich includes:

1. Ohbec;ives of'cr-edlit pr-ograin2. Beneficiairies of the program. The targeted borrowvers are income severely

impacted EM households.3. Mechanisin for channeling offiinld: The BSP will provide a fund for tlhe

credits through the Bank's existing network, based on the approvedproject's proposal for the credit program. The flow of fund wvill go from theDN's provincial BSP to the District's BSP from vlere the credits may bedirectly given to the eligible EM borrowvers or through trustedorganizations. Concrete forms of organizations channeling the fund will beidentified at earl) time of thie project implementation.

4. Repalymncnt: The proposal should provide brief information about maincharacteristics and economic status of borrowers, their wvillingness andability to repay the loans and proposed saving plans.

5. Terms of credits.: The eligible borroNvers are severely affected EM farmersw>lho lose more thanu 10% of their total productive land holding and willingto take a loan. It need to clearly indicate the proposed sizes of loans,purpose of loans, duration of loans, interest rates, terms of repayment (byoone time or by installments, how many times, vhen, to wvhom and howmuch each installmiient to repay...)

6. Implementation arrangemient: The PMB and PPMU wvill be involved at thebeginning as intermiiediates to connect the BSP Nvith their concemed EMDPs into the program. After that, to get credit the eligible EM HMs willdirectly communicate wvith the Bank's credit system, wvhere loan's

26

7Tle First Rural Dierg Project RE, I - Plhase 3

procedures will follow its regulations. Specific implementationresponsibilities for management of the fund will be identilied later by theBank in consultation with thie EM DPs and local organizations.

7. Cost an1d budget: The total cost of the credit program includes twocomponents: (i) Cost for preparation, facilitating and monitoring theprogram; and, (ii) Credit management cost. The Project Central CounterpartBudget wvill pay for the first component, while the credit operation andmanagement cost will strictly followv the Bank's regulations and be includedin the cost of loans.

8. Moniltoring and evaluiationi: The PMB and PPMU will be responsible forinternal-, while the EMA for external monitoring of the programimplementation and assist to resolve any emerged issues.

4. Training on agricultural extension (cultivation and animal husbandr-y):

The income severely affected EM IlHs may specially need technical assistance torestore their productive capacity. Since they almost base their income on agriculturalactivities, first of all, cultivation, a teclnical assistance in form of agricultural extension wouldbe highly appropriate. Concrete or specific topics and content of agricultural extensionprogram will be defined during the project implementation stage, based on close consultationand participation of EM, their representatives and the local authorities. Besides, once the needfor credits and agricultural extension for severely affected DPs wvill be emerged, it wvould bepreferable if the latter could also be provided to other, non-affected, but demanding, EMaudience of the project communes. Special priority xvould also be given to female-headed EMHHs to include them into this training program. The PMB and PPMU will work closely wvithcommune authorities, relevant local mass organization (Farmers Association, Women'sUnion...) to investigate the need, then togetlher with the DARD and AEC of Dak Nong toprepare a detailed traininig implementation programii for these activities.

VI.3. Mitigation measures

1. Construction times will be implemented after harvesting crops (reasonableconstruction scheduling).

2. Regulations of PC3 with its PMB, DN's PPC xvitlh its PPMU, and Constructioncompanies for traffic safety.

3. Signal/ waming Boards at the dangerous places

4. In the contract with contractors, articles require for minimize impacts on constructionwvill be included. In this article, PC3, Dak Nong PPC and their PMB and PPMU willclearly mentioned if contractors cause damages on properlies of EM, they have tocompensate at the replacement value.

5. Transparency/ close monitoring for EMDP implementation.

VIl. ORGANIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

The details of organization and implementation are described in chapter 5 and 6 of the RP.

To implement this EMDP smoothly, PC3 witlh its PMB and Dak Nong PPC wvith itsPPMU may discuss on cooperation or each wvill wvork independently to:

27

Tle First Rural neiyy PI-oject RE I - Pliase 3

- Assign adequate number of staff for safeguarding implementation of respectivepro.jects' components.

- Hire qualified experts for implementing EMDP.- Establish field offices for smoothly implementation.- Periodical monitoring by internal and external monitoring organizations.- Ensure transparency in implementation through information campaign- Ensure that EM leaders are represented in local RP and EMDP committees.

Vil. MONITORING AND VALUATION

Monitoring the EMDP's implementation is a part of the RP implementationmonitoring. The Chapter of RP has described an overall scheme for monitoring RPimplementation.

The Independent Monitoring Organizations hired by PMB/DN's PPMU should havestaff with specialization on sociology or anthropology. The IMO will check and assess PMB'sand PMU's RP's and EMDP's implementation's progress reports and related informationstored in DN's Provincial Department for Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD), itsAgricultural Extension Center, Provincial Department of Industry and conduct sampleinterviews of EM farmers, DPs, review local development indicators of the EMcommunities/communes and assess the implementation of the EMDP, the capacity of the staffinvolved in the EMDP's implementation.

IX. COST ESTIMATE

- Some items of EMDP are estimated in the resettlemiient cost of RIU (implementation cost,compensation and rehabilitation etc.)

- The detail costs of trainings wil1 be prepared in each proposal later.

- To save costs, combination between meetings, trainiings will be organized by PC3, itsPMB/ PPMU and all relevant institutions for RP and EMDP.

- Costs for mitigation measures wvill be included in the construction contracts forcontractors.

- Loan will be from BSP.

- Contingenicy is estimated in RP.

Cost estimate for some special programs /actions of EMDP is as below, budget will befrom the counterpart budgets.

28

T7he First Ruiral Energi' Project RE I - Phase 3

Table 9-1: Cost estimate for special programs of Dak Nong's EMDP

No Item Amount Budget Total (VND)

I Resettlement and 8,000,000 VND Dak 8,000,000EMDP information Nongdissemination PPC

2 Credit program for The loans come from BSP, not 28,000,000EM severely affected included in cost of RAP and kfarmers EMDP. but the preparation and Da

facilitation cost Nvill be Nongincluded in these plans, by PPCabout 4,000,000 VND/ com x 7corni.

3 Training on 5,0()((000 VND/commune x 7 Dak 3,500,))00application, use and communes Nongmanagement of credits PPC

4 Training on 15,000,000 VND/commune x 1(05,()()(.()Agricultural 7 communes.Enhancing Program Dakfor ethnic HHs in the Nongproject areas PPC

5 Training on electric 3,000,000 VND/comm x 7 21,000(000safety for villagers and comm. Dakpupils NDag

Nong

PPC

6 Pamphlets, 8,000,000 VND 8,000,000information Dakdocuments, etc. Nong

PPC __ _ _ _ _

GRAND TOTAL In VND 173,500,000

_____ _______________________________________________ In U SD 11 015.87

29

... _ ._. _.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

I

The First Rural fEnergy Plroject RE I - Phase 3

Appendixes

30

7The First Riral Eiergy Project RE I - Phase 3

List of Appelndixes

Appendix I: Sub-Projects Areas with Ethnic Minority Comnmunities - Dak Nong province

Appendlix 2: Pampillet

Appendix 3: Cursory,filtering dlata on ethlnic minorities in the Sub-project affected areaDak Nong provinice

Appendix 4: Assessmenit of/Social lln1gcicts

Appendix 5: A proposed action plan

Appendix 6: Cost estimate for special programs of lDak Nong 's E'MDP

31

77Te First Rtral Elie-g.i l'roject RE I - IP'hrse 3

Appendix 1:Sub-Project Areas witli Etlinic Minority Communities - Dak Nong

province (person)

Ethnic gr otpl) Total Male Female %

I /Cu Jut District 13431 6621 6810 100

1. Dake Wil Coniiutime 7650 3706 3944 100

a. Kinli: 3025 1540 1485 39,5

b. Ethnic minorities 4625 2166 2459 60.51. Tay 836 401 435 10.932. Nung 1800 756 1044 23.533. Dao 1201 613 588 15.704. Thai 126 67 59 1.655. Mong 233 107 126 3.056. Muong 23 11.04 12 0.307. Ede 406 211 195 5.312. Cu Knia Commune 5781 2915 2866 100

a. Kiln: 845 450 395 14,6

b. Etliiic minorities 4936 2465 2471 85,3I. Tay _ 2195 - _ 1163 ___ 1032 _ 14.62 2. Nung 784 353 431 37.973. Thai 737 376 361 13.564. Mong 1220 573 647 12.75II/ Ki ong No District 26196 12666 13527 1001. Dak Sor Commune 10116 4877 5239 100

a. Kinli: 3725 1835 1890 36.82

b. Ethnic minorities 6391 3042 3349 63.18I. Ede 62 30 32 0.612. Mnong_ 39 19 20 0.393. Thai 2761 1371 1390 27.294 Ta~y _ _ _ _ _1506 750 756 .14.89

5Muong 57 28Y 29 0).566. Nung .. ... 1848 942 906 18.277. Cao Lang -6 2 4.4 0.0)68. Dao 36 18 18 0.369. Tho 76 38 38 0.752. Nam Da Commulne 10102 4855 5247 100

a. Kinli: 9337 4482 4855 92.43

b. Ethnic minor ities 765 373 392 7.571. Tay 367 175 192 3.632. Nung 375 186 189 3.71

32

7h11e Frs, Rural I9wrgi, Il'nject RE I - P'lhase 3

3. Thai 7 3 4' 0.074. Khmer 9 5 4 0.095. Dao 2 1 1 0.546. Muong 5 3 2 1.333. Nam Ndir Commnue 5978 2934 3041 100a. Kinlh: 1778 851 927 11.03b. Ethnic minor ities 4200 2083 2114 89.971. Dao 3436 1707 1729 21.312. Mnong 624 309 312 3.85

____,________ ____ ._______ _ ____11 5 6 0.074. Thai 129 62 67 0.8III/ Dak Song Distxict 18523 9071 9452 100

1. Dak Song Comimune 9727 4778 4949 1(0a. Kinih: 7780 3832 3948 80b. Ethnic iiiiiorities 1947 946 1001 201. Mnong 1556 758 798 162. Dao _ 152 73 79 1,53. Tay 206 102 104 2.14. Other 33 13 20 0,32. Dak Mol Communle 8796 4293 4503 100a. Kinli: 6735 3253 3482 80b. Ethlnic minorities 2061 1040 1021 201. Mnong 1751 893 858 162. Dao 129 60 69 1,33. Tay 145 72 73 1.84. Otlier 36 /5 21 0,3

'You.rce 2003 census of Dak Nong Province

33

T7he First Rutral hiJeIglg Project RE I - Phase 3

Appendix 2: Pamplilet

Q&AonRP

The RE I - plhase 3 Project utilizes the WB loan to expand and up-grade the rural power supplynetworks of 37 commiiunies in Dak Nonig province. It aims at reducinig loss of electricity and increascavailability of electricity for areas far from sources in Dak Nong province. The project is put in thcmaniagemiienit of thic PMB of Cenitral RE unidcr PC3.

Investment structure:

* EVN (WB loani tlrouglh Govt.) Constructioni of inistallationi of MV and LV powerlinies, anid 22/0.4 kV substationis

1. Project AJecled Houisehold ?

All households, institutions, individuals having land and properties on such land, suchas house, structure, tree, crops, affected permanently or temporarily due to the construction ofproject components (power lines, tover foundations, substations, etc) or in the ROWs.

2. Who *4 ill dejines the ajfecied areas and cJj&ted properlies?

* Central Vietnam Rural Energy Project Management Board (Poxver Company No 3)will supply the District and Commune Compensation Committees with the layoutsof medium and lowv voltage power lines and substations.

* The District anid Comiunie Compensation Commiiilittees are responisible lor delininlgthe affected areas and carrying out the survey and inventory of affected properties.

* Affected areas are areas lying Nvitlin the safety corridor of thle ROWs, which is,according to Govt. Decree No. 54/1999/ND-CP issued 8 July 1999:

3 m applicable to 22 kVI m applicable to 0.4kV

3. 7'vpes of nImpacts?

* Pernmaneni lnimat L-an.l ho-use. striuiture. other rproperues andi rees(Ni.O-l 1.J iha 4n) lb isug in J e icv cnr r.'r iso 1' L ' : '.-r bunal aion wndloundation of transfotbmer stations.

* Temporary lmpact: Trees, crops and other properties affected duringconstruction

4. Land in Ihe saftte corridor oJ T7L and 11-an.slfiier stlations iiill be aleiinfor the project?

No. But such land use is limited to cultivation of crop and trees not higher than 4m.

5. Who uwill be compensaled and iiuho will not he conipensated?

34

Tlhe First Rutral EF,erv Project RE I - P'lhase 3

* All famlilies, institutioni, individuals whio have propcrties) land, hiouscs, structures, trees.crops) affected by the project and whlo could legally claimed tlieir land use righits andowvnershiip of tlheir properties prior to the cut-off date will be compensated and assisted.

* Encroachied land and/ or structures erected afler the cut-off date wvill not be compenisated.Suchi properties shiall be removed by lihcir owiners.

6. Compensation lar:Jl?

Comipensationi tariff shiall be establishicd by tlie Provincial Compenisationi/ ResettlemienitCommittee. tihat reflects the actual market prices of tlhe locality, anld approved by theprovincial People's Comiiiittee.

* All DPs shiall be compensated with replaccilemiet cost - the actuzil market prices at the timeof compenisationi - for lieir affected properties without depreciationi and wilitout deductionof reused materials.

* Affected lanid shiall be compcilsaled by land ofsimilar categor) or cashi.

7. In case of house partl-l aJJeced?

* In case the af'fected part does niot al'f'ect tlie structure of the hiouse and the residenilialpurpose in the remaininig part, tihe affected part shiall be comlpenisated.

* In case the affected part the structure of the hiouse anid the remaininig part can not be usedfor the residential purpose, the wlihole hiouse shiall be compenisated.

8. When DPs uvill receive the compensation and movee?

* DPs required to be rcscttlcd shiall be comipeinsated for lanid. hlouses, strictures, trees.crops... at lease 3 monithis prior to lanid acquisition.

* DPs wilit partly affected properties and be resettled oni their owvn land plot shiall becoImlpenIsated for the affected hiousCs, structures, trees, crops.... Al lease 2 monitlis prior toland acquisition.

DPs wilit affected trees, crops only shiall be compenisated at lease I montil prior toconstructioni.

9. Are ther e olher, entitlements apart fiom conp/ena%olion1 for )1'.s requlired to be resettled?

Yes.Apart from compenisationi for lanld anid otlier properties. DPs required to be rescttlcd shiall enjoy tllctranisport allowvance, livelihood assistanice... All allow ance. supports... wvill be clearlv defined in theRP.

10. In case DPs are paid wimh parts of conpej)nsalion and other alloviiance biut already asked tomove or clear the grouind?

DPs only hand-over their land or clear their ground when they have already received fullcompensation and other entitlements.

11. Wh1en lreceiving compensation, DPs may'v be asked to contributie a cerlain amountiii to a certainorganization or a certain amoint ii ithin bY the Compensation committee?

35

77Te First Rur al Eiergy Project RE I - Phase 3

Nobody is authorized to collect any amount fromn DPs' compensation anid other entitlements.

If such is the case, DPs have to report immediately to district compensation committee, PMUor local authorities for settlement.

12 Who ivi/l injolmn Dl's of the linie-scheddlef/or conmpensatiol, land acquisition, groutnd clearanceand olher related inlbrmnation?

PMB. Provincial Comipcnsationi Commiilttce. District Comlpensationi Comiliittec are responsiblc for theinformiiationi to DPs' entitlemiienlts. RP. compclsatioln policy and tariff. timie-sclhedtule for payment ofcompclnsatioin. Land acquisitioni. ground-clcarancc and cois ti-trctioII.

13. In case Dl'. disagree wilh IDMS results or other related issutes, where can theY lodge theircomplain?

* Lodge tlhcir complainit to the commuililnilc People's Comllilmittee.

* In casc DPs disagreed witlh the settlemenicit of the Communiille People's Comniiittec. lodgctlheir complainit to thle District Pcoplc's Commiitce wvere settlemient slhould be processedwitlhin 15 days.

* In case DPs disagreed wvitl the scttleiliclt or the District People's Commilittee, suchi casewvill be brouglht to court.

Adminiistrative fees are excmptcd at all levels.

14. Who will supervise the compensation?

An internial external unit will be set up wvithlin the PMU to carry out thc intetlal moniitorinig of RP. and

An indepenidenit external moniitorinig agency wvill be contracted b) PMU to carry out the externalmoniitorinig of RP.

15 Dl1's ' re,s/)onsibilities?

* Participate in all related comlimuntiiiity meetinigs and read all related inforniation,.

* Be ready with all related papers i.c. LURC. residential registration, owvncrslhip of otllerproperties....:

* Read and tlhorouglhly uLnderstanid all related form i.e. socio-economiiic survey, DMS. propertyinventory, compenlsationi and resettlemcent commliitmiienlt... and participate in all suchactivities.

* Timiiely resettlemiienit or ground-clcaranice after receiving full compenisationi and otlherentitlemienits.

16. AnY Dls with anY r eloted qu/eryo can aopj)roach the followiing institutions cIt anY time.

* RE PMU* PRC, DRC

36

7lie irst Rit ral Eneigy Project RIE I - Ph-Iase 3

Appendix 3: Cursory filtering data on etlinic minorities in the Sub-project areas- Dak Nong province

The screening results showv that in the affected conmmunes the main affected EMgroups are Mnong, Tay, Nung, Dao, Thai, Mong, Muong, Ede . Other ethnic groups liveoutside the affected areas.

Aver-ageDistrict/coniinuie EM No. of No. of % male % ntumber % ofwlioleillls per sons femiiale of pei sons population

per HH

I/ Cu Jut Distlict 2822 13431 48,94 51,06 4,8 1001. Dak Wil 1651 7650 48,87 51,12 4,8 100of vhich: 1. Kinh 753 3025 51 49 4.02 45.61

2. Tay 69 330 48 52 4.64 4.163. Nung 136 653 42 58 5.06 8.244. Dao 77 368 _ _ 49 5.98 4_.655. Thai ------ 5 5.3 47 4.5 0.656. Mong 15 73 46 54 5.83 0.937. Muong 2 11 48 52 3.83 0.148. Ede 33 159 52 48 4.67 2.01

2. Cu Kmiia 1171 5781 49 51 4.8 1001. Kinh 150 845 49 51 5.63 12.812. Tav 33 156 53 47 6.27 2.783. Nung 22 107 45 55 3.27 1.914. Thai 19 89 51 49 3.69 1.595. Mong 21 103 47 53 5.28 1.84

II/ Kiorig No 5509 36339 49.2 50.86 4.18 100Distiict

1. DakSor- 2210 10116 47.8 52.3 4.33 100of vhich: 1. Kinh 892 3725 49.25 50.75 4.17 40.36

2. E De 1 4 48.68 51.32 4.4 0.043. Mnong 0 0 0 0 0 04. Thai 29 145 49.67 50.33 5.35 1.295. Tay 18 93 4)9.8 5(0.2 4.56 )0.836. Muong 1 4 48.3 517 4.07 0.04

37

71te Eirst Rur,al EDergy Project RE I - Pha.se 3

7. Nung 23 115 51 49 4.53 1.02

8. Cao 0 0Lang 0 0_

. 9. Dao 1 3 50 50 3.6 0.0310. Tho 1 4 49.8 50.2 4.75 0.04

2. Nam Da 2151 10102 51.53 48.47 3.83 1001. Kinh 1980 9337 48 52 4.7 92.052. Tay 10 50 47.63 52.37 4.2 0.453. Nung 9 44 49.67 50.33 4.9 0.404. Thai 0 0

5. Khmer 0 0 0 00

6. Dao 0 0 0 0 0 07. Muong 0 0 0 0 0 0

1. Nam N'Dir- 1148 16121 48.2 51.8 4.39 100ofr hich: 1. Kinh 423 1778 47.85 52,15 4.2 36.85

2. Dao 134 764 49.67 50,33 6.1 11.683. Mnong 11 64 49.8 50,2 5.2 (.984. Tay 15 85 45.4 54,6 2.75 1.305. Thai 3 15 48.3 51,7 3.68 0.24

111/ Dak Song 4187 18524 49.1 50.91 5.07 1001. Dak Song 2421 9728_ 49.05 50.95 4.8 100

of which: 1. Kinh 1941 7780 49.25 50,75 4 80.172. Mnong 395 134 48,68 51,32 3,9 16.323. Dao 33 11 47,85 52,15 4,6 1 .364. Tay 44 15 49,67 50,33 4,7 1.825. Other 8 3 49,8 50,2 4,1 0.33

2. DakMol 1766 8796 49.14 50.86 5.35 100of which: 1. Kinii 1416 6735 48,3 51,7 4.75 80. I 8

2. Mnong 143 820 5 1 49 6.08 8.113. Dao 12 68 47 53 5.37 0.684. Tay 16 91 49,6 50,4 4.53 (.905. Other 3 17 49,8 50,2 6 0.17

Total 12518 68294 49.08 50.92 4.68 100

- Number of EM HIIs losing land pernmanently: 555 I-llls Nith 221(0 persons

- Number of EM HHs losing land temporarily: 987 1 IHs wvith 5112 persons

- Number of EMDP affected on house: none

- Number of EMDP affected on secondary structures (external wvalls, fences): none

- Number of EM DPs affected on trees and crop: 987 H1 ls

- No impacts on customary land, sensitive places.

All ethnic HHs have long termii land use righlts to their arfected land.

38

7he First Rnural Lneryv P'rq/ect RE I - Phave 3

Appendix 4: Assessment of social impacts

A. Economic - socio - cultural conditions:

1/ HHs living below poverty line: None

2/ Living condition of EM people in communes with affected EM HHs

District/c (10()( % of '%, of '%, of 0/ of % HHs % HHs % HHsoIIIIIIuIIes VN D/pers poor illiterate semi- temporary having having oving TV

witlh onl/monlthl) people peoplc solid lhouses access WCs and

affected lhouses to clean valuableEM HHs wvater properties

1/ Cu Jut 28() 23 11 91 9 100 62.5 96.5District

iDak 310 20 10 92 8 100 65 98Wil _ _ _ _

2.Cu 250 26 12 90 10 100 60 95

II/Ki;ong 278.33 23 12 90.67 9.33 100 60 96.33NoDistrict ___ __ __ _

1. Dak 310 20 10 92 8 100 60 98Sor _ _ _ _

2. Nami 250 26 12 90 10 100 60 95Da__ _ _

3. Na; 275 23 1 4 90 10 100 60 96N'Dir

III/ Da __Song 280 23 11 91 9 111 60 96.5District

I n Dak 310 20 1.0 92 8 10 60 98Sonig

2. Dak 250 26 1 2 90 1 0 100 60 95Mol

Dak-Nonig 279.44 23 11.33 90.89 9.11 10 60.83 96.44Provinice

39

77we First Rural Ene,v Prq(jecf RE I - Plhave 3

3/ Information on economic condition of EM groups:

a/ Natural resources in project areas:

Natural resources yes/no

1. Forest yes

2. River and lak-e yes

3. Mineral products yes

4. Aquatic products yes

b/ EmloymentMain activity % EM HIl-I Secondary activity % EM HH

------ -------------- ------ --- .- ,- -...-. . .... ------ -- ------------- .-.

1. Settled farming 99 1. Settled farming 0

2. Nomadic farming 0 2. Nomadic farming 0

3. Landless peasant 0 3. Landless peasant 0

4. Non-fami Hl I 4. Non-farm HH 0

5. Stale employee 0.5 5. State employee 0

6. Trading 0.5 6. Trading 0

4. Form of ownershlipRiglht to use of land here is individual and regardless oF sex. All I-Il-Is which have right toland use have cerlificates of tlhis.

40

7The First Rr-al hnerigi Proyject RE I - I'll(Lse 3

a Appendix 5: A PROPOSED ACTION PLAN

1. FrameworkIf policy(Laws and regulations of the government and OD 4.2() of WB to be applied)

2. Mitigation measuresThe potential negative impacts

- Permanent acquisition of land for towver foundation; temporary acquisition ofland in the ROWs and for construction; temiiporary impact on perennial treesand crops

- Accidents occur in the process of using appliances suclh as lamps, rice huskers,oxygen-generating machinies (used in aquaculture). and so on.

- Hygiene; prices of good may increase in the area due to the increased numberof construction workers.

Mitigation measures:

Information from "Assessment of social impact" and feedback from meetings with thecommunities wvill be used by Project Engineers in the design, scheduling, selection ofconstruction measures for the sub-projects, and in the cost estimation. These include:a) Recommendation of routing of the powver line, location, construction measures and

scheduling for the sub-projects. in order to respond to the needs and priorities ofthe EM communities.Public consultation has been done in the initial selection of routes, location oftowers, and in the consideration of priorities of the communities in the projectareas.Construction schedules have been calculated in order to avoid crops. Theconstruction duration is 12 months, hoowever, allowance has been made to havetwo work shifts, so that construction can start right after harvesting and completebefore the following crop.The temporary crop impact of local people are compensated for according tomarket prices.

b) Awareness of ecology, spiritual and cultural issues, and other sensitive issues areall considered in the design and construction.The sensitive areas are carefully considered in the initial construction. However,such sensitive areas are normally some distance from the ROWs.

c) Develop a program of information and education of electricity safety, healtlh andsocial issues for EM communities in the project areas.

Special programs for EM commllunlities in the affected areas have been vorked oult asfollowvs:

- Traininlg of agricultural extension for the EM l-lHs i.n the project areas.- Training of electricity safety for students and villagers in the project areas.- Training of small credits of Bank for agriculture and rural development

d) Acquisition of land and compensation: If land is acquired by the project, it will becompensated for in a vay that is appropriate and culturally suitable. Thecompensation will be carried out according the relocation policy for the peopleaffected by the project. The leaders of the EM communities wvill help with theconsultation for the affected EHIHs and with the compensation activities.- The land will be compensated for at an alternative price, as indicated in the

relocation plan. It is noted that all the 555 EM HHs have certificates of right tothe use of land for all the area of land that tlhev have the right to use.

41

771e First Rttral Energy Prqyect RE I - Phase 3

- There are always representatives of impacted EM persons from each communein the EM communities.

- The administrative structure, the complaint mechanism, and the monitoringnmechaniism also apply to EM persons. Thle EM persons, as is indicated in therelocation plan.

3. Support activities

There are regular development programs to aid people living in the project areas. Forexample, people living in the affected areas are prioritized for employment in thleconstruction period and in the operation and maintenance period. They also have prioritiesin applying for medium and long-term loans from Bank for agriculture and ruraldevelopment. EM communities are also prioritized if there are in the areas projects foragricultural development sponsored by the WB.

Training: The project will provide training of electricity safety in the affected areas.This also includes training wvorkslhops for local EM leaders in assessment of social impacts,relocation, and monitoring of the EMDI'.

Gender assistance: Special consultation and training for Nvomen, particularlv womenwvho are heads of household in areas such as credit. agricultural extension, use of fertilizers.etc.)

Plan of support activities

-Type of support Target groups Duration1. Use of small credit from the Bank for EM HHs in the project 01 day at communalagriculture and rural development areas level2. Electricity safetv Villagers and students 01 day at communal

in the project areas level

4. Arrangement of responsibility

Description of activities and assignment of responsibilitiesType of support Activities Responsibility assigned toUse of small credits Activities such as preparationl of Banki for Agriculture and Ruralfrom Bank for training programs, schedules, Development.Agriculture and printing, and implementationi ofRural Development training program s.2. Electricity safety 1. Preparation of training progranis - Central RE Project

and schedules, in close Management Boardcoordination with divisions of the - The PoNver Design Centre -commune concerned and wvitl the PC3technical consultant. - Communal People's

Conumittees

2. Determination of progress - Central RE PMBschedule of training at communes - Communal people's

commlllittees

- Technical consultants3. Printinig of materials, leaflets - Central RE PMB

- The Power Design Centre -PC3

42

7Tue Fir-st Rtral J3ieYgy Piroject RE I - Phase 3

4. Imiplenmenlationl or training - Ceiitral RtE PM13

programis - Technical consultants incoordination with communalPeople's Committees

5. Progress scheduleProgress schedule is determined for each type of activity

Activity Pi oglress schedule

1. Preparation training programs / 10 days (prior to commencement of

schedules, in close coordination wvith implementation of the subproject)

divisions of each commune concernedl

and with technical consultants

2. Determination of progress schedule 10 days (prior to commencement of

of training program at ommunes mpleentation of the sub-prject)

3. Printing of materials, leaflets 03 days (prior to commencement of

implementation of the sub-project

4. Implementation of training 07 communes (0)I day prior to commencement of

programs implementation of the sub-project)

6. Monitor ing anid evaluation:

Description of things to be monitored, assignm11enit or responsibility, and reporting.

Thlings to be monitore(l- Inventories and lists of compensation (random, check

- Actual compensation for affected persons compared with rates indicated in

this RP- Mechanism or responsibility for complaints

- Provision of assistance and allowance for recoverv

- Provision of training for affected persons

- Progress of implementation of RP

Compensation- Compensation carried out for affected people before acquisition of land,

- Appropriateness of methods of assessment and compensation of land and

other real estates.- Enough money to pay for compensation for affected properties, even for

temporary loss and impacts

Timing of lrelocation plan and constructionAll the RP activities, except for training for affected persons, must be

completed at least 01 monlhl prior to commencement of construction

Tr aining for affected personsAs indicated the RP and EMDP

Recovery of economic activitiesThe affected persons must be monitored for their recovery of income-

. generating capability.

Level of satisfactionLevel of satisfaction of affected people in various aspects of the RP

Responsibility in relations to resolving complaints

Standard of livingIn the process of implemenitation, the living standard of affected people Nvill be

43

7-lhe First Ruiral nig,i' Prl ajecl RE I - Pihase 3

monitored and compared with the situation before the implementation of the RP. Thepotential problems if any will be revealed and reported.

The following plan was made for the communes in the project areas whichlhave EM communities.

Activity Dutation Or Moiiitored by Progressmonitoli schedule

1. Initial survey 0(1 week Internal monitoring At theand external commencement ofmotnitoring the

implementation of_thie RlP/EM DlP

2. Assessment of social impacts ( 1 wveek External ninoring ______ =3. Discussion of findings from 0 1 wveek External monitoringassessment of social impacts __ _4. ,wepaj ii chon jiwi 1 .Ie eckL ln nd HOri(OrnU)g_5. Discussion of mitigation 0(1 Nveek Internal monitoringmeasures With. local authoritiesand engineers6. Site visits 01 month prior to 01 week Internal monitoring At the end of thecommencement of construction implementation of

the RP/EMDP7. Site visits 01 months after 0(1 week Internal andcommencement of construction external monitoring8. Site visits 06 months after 0(1 week External monitoringcommencement of construction

44

T'he First Rrural Energy Project RE I - Phase 3

Appendix 6:

COST ESTIMATE FOR SPECIAL 1'ROGRAM OF DAKNONG'S EMDP

No Item Amount Budget Total

(VND)

I Resettlement and 8.000,000 VND Dak- Nong 8,((0,(0()EMDP information PPCdisseminiation

2 Credit program for EM ''lhe loans come from BSI3. not 28X.)(),00()severely' affected included in cost of RAP and Dak Nongfarmers EMDP, but the preparation and

facilitation cost wvill be included PPCin these plans, by about4.000,000 VND/ com x 7 com.

3 Training on 5,000,O()0 VND/commune x 7 Dak Nong 3,500,000application, use and communes PPCmanagement of credits

4 Training on 15,000,())0 VND/commune x 7 105,000,000Agricultural communes. Dak NongEnhancing Programfor etlhnic HHs in the PPCproject areas

5 Training on electric 3,000,00() VND/comm x 7 21.(000,00()safety for villagers and commi Dal Nongpupils

PPC6 Pamphlets, 8,000,000 VND 8())00())(

information Dak Nongdocuments, etc.

_______________________ PPC

GRAND TOTAL In VND 173,500,000

In USD 112015.87

45