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Obituary.PROF. CARL ARND.

Dr. Carl Arnd, who died suddenly of heart failureon March 8th, was professor of general surgery in theLTniversity of Berne and one of the best-known andmost highly respected surgeons in Switzerland. He i

was born on June 14th, 1865, in Petrograd, the sonof a Swiss merchant there, and was educated at Bernewhere he studied medicine. He received his surgicaltraining under Prof. Kocher in the University Surgical Clinic. In 1902 he became tutor in surgery, and in1904 succeeded Prof. Girard as chief of one of the non-clinical surgical sections of the Insel-Spital in Berne.In 1909 he received the title of professor and in 1919he became prof. extraord. for general surgery. Prof. IArnd’s numerous writings dealt chiefly with surgicaltechnique, the treatment of surgical tuberculosis, andorthopaedic matters. For years he had been a memberof the Swiss, of the German, and of the InternationalSociety of Surgery, and lately a member of the SwissNational Committee of the latter. Arnd was anable and careful operator and possessed a wideknowledge in all surgical matters combined withexcellent general culture especially in the literature ofhis subject, for he was a good linguist. In additionhe was a sagacious man of high natural gifts, a goodteacher, and an eloquent speaker. His modesty wasapt to prevent him from taking the position towhich his intellectual equipment entitled him. Hepossessed great driving force and employed this,apart from his routine work, in the fight againstsurgical tuberculosis and cancer. For his friends andcolleagues his death is a great loss.

THOMAS ALEXANDER MURRAY, L.R.C.P.lREL..MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH, WARRINGTON R.D.

Dr. T. A. Murray, of Penketh, Warrington, whodied suddenly on March 21st, in his 62nd year,received his education at Manchester GrammarSchool, and studied medicine at Owens College andManchester Royal Infirmary. He qualified L.R.C.P.Ireland in 1887, and began private practice at Penkethtwo years later. He was for many years a member,and for some time chairman, of the WarringtonRural District Council, to which authority he laterbecame medical officer of health. During the warDr. Murray was a medical officer at the Lord DerbyWar Hospital, and served as commandant of thespecial constables in the Penketh district. For someyears he was secretary of the Warrington PanelCommittee. Among other appointments he heldthose of chairman of the Pensions Board, memberof the National Service Medical Board, medical officerto the Cheshire Lines Committee, and police surgeonfor the Sankey area. In 1889 Dr. Murray marriedMiss Alice Gilbert, of Nantwich. His widow and twodaughters survive him.A friend writes as follows : " Dr. Murray was held

in the highest regard by the members of the medicalprofession in Warrington and district. His essentialfairness of mind, even temper, and good nature madehim an admirable local secretary of the BritishMedical Association. His wide experience of publicaffairs, readily placed at the disposal of his colleagues,both those in practice and those holding official posts,made for satisfactory dealing with contentious matterswhich might otherwise have engendered unduedifference of opinion."

SUSSEX AND THE RED CROSS.—The Duchess ofNorfolk, presiding at the annual meeting of the Brighton,Hove, Preston and Patcham Division of the British Red CrossSociety, held at Brighton on March 21st, said that the RedCross would always be wanted. Her ambition was that theSussex branch should be ready for organisation in 48 hours,and the compilation of a register of every trained V.A.D. inthe county would tend to that end. Awards were distributedincluding the Norfolk cup to Sussex 13, and a number of

Public Health Services.THE FIRST ANNUAL HEALTH REPORT

FOR 1922.Dr. A. T. Nankivell is to be congratulated on the

prompt appearance of his report for 1922. The boroughof Hornsey is, he tells us, very largely a " dormitorytown," consisting generally of good house property.There are no slum areas, but many houses built for theuse of one family are now occupied by two or morefamilies for whom the sanitary and cooking accommo-dation is not satisfactory. There are 12,000 morewomen than men in the borough, the excess beingchiefly domestic servants. Up to the age of 15 thesexes are equally balanced, but between the ages of25 and 35 there are over 50 per cent. more women thanmen.

Some of the principal statistics for 1922 were :

Estimated population, 88,007 ; birth-rate, 15’5 ;death-rates per 1000 of the population from all causes,11-2 ; from tuberculosis, 0-8 ; from cancer 1-6 ; fromrespiratory diseases and influenza, 2-2. Death-ratesper 1000 births-infant mortality, 52; diarrhoea, &c.,under 2 years, 2-2 ; maternal mortality from child-birth. 3.7. Of the 72 deaths of infants, 41 occurred inthe first month of life. Dr. Nankivell submits a chartwhich shows that the infant mortalitv has been reducedby one-half since 1900, but that the infant deathsattributed to ante-natal causes have remainedstationary, and he expresses the opinion that moreante-natal work is needed at the centres.No cases of small-pox occurred in the borough.

The menace of small-pox led to the circulation of aleaflet on the value of vaccination and the populationis now better protected than it was. Hornsey now hasthe right to use 10 beds in the Uxbridge Joint Small-poxHospital. A small school outbreak of diphtheria wassatisfactorily checked by " swabbing " the class and

isolating a carrier. One child, out of ten notified,lost its sight from ophthalmia neonatorum. Now thatscarlet fever is so mild Dr. Nankivell is inclined tofavour the use of the isolation hospital beds for diseasesof a more fatal character.The school report records no new schemes. Dr.

Nankivell thinks just as the child welfare records arepassed on to the school, so both child welfare and schoolrecords might be usefully passed on to the panelpractitioner. Unfortunately, unless the child goes toa secondary school there is a regrettable gap of twoyears when the adolescent is without medical super-vision. Dr. Nankivell notes no malnutrition among theschool-children from insufficiency of food, but a certainamount due to improper food, such as sweetstuffs,pickles, and strong tea, and a further amount causedby late hours and want of rest. Milk has been givento a number of children at school with very satisfac-tory results, and Dr. Nankivell thinks it is better fora poorly-nourished child than malt and oil, which isapt to be taken home and shared by the whole family.Four children are operated on for adenoids and tonsilsevery Saturday morning at the school clinic. At theend of the year there was a waiting list of 58. Althoughthe results were satisfactory, Dr. Nankivell wouldprefer these children to be kept in hospital for 48 hoursafter the operation.A leaflet is issued to parents, urging the importance

of making full use of the facilities for dental treatmentprovided for the children. Of 6600 children inspectedby the dentists, no less than 4205 needed treatment,and of these 2089 actually received treatment duringthe year.

war-time badges, bars, and medals. The annual] reportof the branch chronicled work carried on at the LadyGeorge Nevill Hospital, Hove, where patients from allparts of the county receive electrical and other treat-ments ; 282 men were admitted during the year, therewere 27,974 attendances and 47,997 treatments, and 117remained on the books. The ambulance column carried746 patients in the 12 months, the car mileagejjbeing15,923.