Public Services 2007

8/8/2019 Public Services 2007

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A Presentation by III MBA, IASMS, Bangalore

PUBLIC SERVICES


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DEFINITIONDEFINITION

y Public services is a term usually used to mean services

provided by government to its citizens, either directly

(through the public sector) or by financing private provision

of services

y The term is associated with a social consensus that certain

services should be available to all, regardless of income.


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HISTORYHISTORY

y Under the Chairmanship of Lord Lee recommended the

setting up of FPSC(Federal Public Service Commission) in

1924.

y

In October 1 ,1926 Indian FPSC had established under theChairmanship ofSir Ross Barker.

y After independence FPSC became Union Public Service

Commission and given constitutional status.


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SECTORSSECTORS

y Education

y Electricity

y Fire service

y Gasy Health care

y Military

y Police service

y Public transportation

y Social housing

y Telecommunications

y Town planning

y Waste managementy Water services

y Public information

y Social services

y Environmental protection


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EDUCATION SECTOREDUCATION SECTOR

y Education in India is mainly provided by the public sector,with control and funding coming from three levels: federal,state, and local.

y Child education is compulsory.

y Nalanda University (Constructed by Ashoka)was the oldestuniversity-system of education in the world.

y Most universities in India are Union or State Governmentcontrolled.

y India has made a huge progress in terms of increasing primaryeducation attendance rate and expanding literacy toapproximately two thirds of the population.


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EDUCATION SECTOR (Cont)EDUCATION SECTOR (Cont)

y The private education market in India is estimated to be worth $40

billion in 2009 and will increase to $68 billion by 2012

y 35% of its population is still illiterate.

y15% of Indian students reach high school, and just 7% graduate asof 2009

y 25% of teaching positions nationwide are vacant

y 57% of college professors lack either a master's or PhD degree.

y As of 2007, there are 1522 engineering colleges

in India with an annual student intake of5,82,000


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EDUCATION SECTOR (Cont)EDUCATION SECTOR (Cont)

y India's higher education system is the third largest in the world,

after China and the United States

y As of 2009, India has 20 central universities, 215 state

universities, 100 deemed universities, and functioning under theState Act

y Three Indian universities were listed in the list of the worlds top 200

universities in 2005 and 2006.

y Indian Institutes ofTechnology (IIT)

y Indian Institutes of Management (IIM)

y Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)


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ELECTRICITYELECTRICITYy The Ministry of Power is responsible for the development of

electrical energy in India.(functioning independently from 2nd

July 1992)

y The electricity sector in India is controlled by the Government

of India's public sector undertakings (PSUs).

y Major PSUs involved in the generation of electricity include :

y NationalThermal Power Corporation (NTPC),

y National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC)

y Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCI).

y Maharashtra State Electricity Board(MSEB),

y Kerala State Electricity Board, (KSEB),


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ELECTRICITY (Cont)ELECTRICITY (Cont)y India is world's 6th largest energy consumer, accounting for

3.4% of global energy consumption.

y Demand for energy has grown at an average of 3.6% perannum over the past 30 years.

y In June 2010, the installed power generation capacity of Indiastood at 1,62,366 MW

y The total demand for electricity in India is expected to cross950,000 MW by 2030.

y Government has set an ambitious target to addapproximately 78,000 MW of installed generation capacity

by 2012.


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ELECTRICITY (Cont)ELECTRICITY (Cont)y About 70% of the electricity consumed in India is generated by

thermal power plants, 21% by hydroelectric power plants and

4% by nuclear power plants.

y T

he country has also invested heavily in recent years onrenewable sources of energy such as wind energy.

y A $19 billion plan to produce 20,000 MW of solar power by

2020.

y

Just 52.5% of rural households have access to electricity.y In urban areas, the access to electricity is 93.1% in 2008.

y The overall electrification rate in India is 64.5% while 35.5% of

the population still live without access to electricity.


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ELECTRICITY (Cont)ELECTRICITY (Cont)y The total installed generating capacity in the country is over

1,62,366 MW and the total number of consumers is over 144million.

y An extensive transmission system network at 500kV HVDC,

400kV, 220kV, 132kV and 66kV which has developed totransmit the power from generating station to the gridsubstations,

y Transmission and distribution losses have been

consistently on higher side, and reached to thelevel of 16.60% in 2005-06.

y Unplanned extensions of the distribution lines

y Overloading of the transformers and conductors

y T

heft


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FIRE SERVICEFIRE SERVICEy In India municipalities are bound by law to have a fire brigade and

participate in a regional fire service.

y Each city has its own fire brigade. All the industrial corporations also

have their own firefighting service. Each airport and seaport has its

own firefighting units.

y The main functions is protection and of services during emergencies,

such as

y Building collapses,

y Gas leakage,

y Oil spillage,

y Road and rail accidents,

y Bird and animal rescues, fallen trees,

y Appropriate action during natural calamities.


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SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT

IN INDIA


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What is waste management

y Waste management is the collection, transport,

processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste

materials.The term usually relates to materials produced by

human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their

effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste

management is also carried out to recover resources from it.

Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or

radioactive substances, with different methods and fields of

expertise for each.


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MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM

- Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3%

per annum

- With urban population increasing between

3 3.5% per annum

- Yearly increase in waste generation is

around 5% annually


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- India produces 42.0 million tons of municipal

solid waste annually at present.

- Per capita generation of waste varies from 200 gm

to 600 gm per capita / day. Average generation rate at

0.4 kg per capita per day in 0.1 million plus towns.

- Collection efficiency ranges between 50% to

90% of the solid waste generated.


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- Urban Local Bodies spend around Rs.500/-

to Rs.1500/- per ton on solid waste

management of which,

* 60-70% of the amount is on

collection alone

* 20% - 30% on transportation

* Hardly any fund is spent on

treatment and disposal of waste

- Crude dumping of waste in most of the cities


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PRESENT STATUS OF WASTEMANAGEMENT

-STOR

AGE OF

WASTE

AT SOUR

CE IS L

ACKI

NG

- DOMESTICWASTE THROWN ONSTREETS

- TRADEWASTE ON ROADS / STREETS

- CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS LEFT UNATTENDED

- BIO-MEDICALWASTE DISPOSED IN MUNICIPAL

WASTESTREAM- INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSED OF IN OPEN

AREAS

- SEGREGATION OF RECYCLABLEWASTEAT SOURCE NOT

DON

E

- PRIMARY COLLECTION OF WASTE NOT DONE AT

PLACE OF GENERATION


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Contd../..

- DESIGN & LOCATION OF MUNICIPALWASTESTORAGE

DEPOTS INAPPROPRIATE, RESULTING IN LITTERING OF

GARBAGE .

- STREET SWEEPING NOT DONEEVERYDAY

- WASTE TRANSPORTATION DONE IN OPEN VEHICLES

- WASTE PROCESSING PARTIALLY PRACTISED IN 35

ULBs ONLY

- FINAL DISPOSAL DONE THROUGH CRUDE DUMPING

- RAG PICKERS COLLECT RECYCLABLES FROM

MUNICIPAL BINS / DUMPSITESAND LITTER THE WASTE

CAUSING INSANITARYCONDITIONS


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RECOMMENDED APPROACHESTOWASTE PROCESSING &

DISPOSALI WEALTH FROMWASTE (PROCESSING OF ORGANICWASTE)

(A) WASTETO COMPOST

(i) AEROBIC / ANAEROBICCOMPOSTING

(ii) VERMI-COMPOSTING

(B) WASTETO ENERGY

(i) REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF) / PELLETIZATION

(ii) BIO-M

ETHANA

TION

II RECYCLING OF WASTE

III SANITARY LANDFILLING

IV TREATMENT OF BIO-MEDICALWASTESEPARATELY


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INITIATIVES BYGOVERNMENT OF INDIA

Bio-medical Waste Handling Rules, 1998 -

Notified

Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules, 2000

Notified.

Reforms Agenda (Fiscal, Institutional, Legal)

Technical Manual on Municipal Solid Waste

Management

Technology Advisory Group on Municipal SolidWaste Management

Inter-MinisterialTask Force on Integrated Plant

Nutrient Management from city compost.


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Documents

Public Services 2007