Pull out the blue textbook under your desk & open it up to page 335

Pull out the blue textbookunder your desk & open it up to

page 335

When you finish the Map Activity, hand it in to me & pull out R34-B R34-B & turn to the back

The Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles (1919)(1919)The Authors:(Right to Left)

Woodrow Wilson – President of U.S.A.David Lloyd George – UK Prime MinisterVittorio Orlando – Italian Prime MinisterGeorges Clemenceau – French Prime Minister

The Location: Versailles, France

The Hall of Mirrors < 6/28/1919

Today>

The Terms

Germany had to pay reparations to the victorsTotal Balance Due: 132 Billion Gold Marks ($31.5 Billion)

Germany Lost Some TerritoryAlsace-Lorraine was given to FranceParts of Prussia were given to the new nation of Poland

Germany had to Break Down DefenseAll war materials were to be given to the AlliesArmy had to be no larger than 100,000 men

R34-B For German Reaction w/ Primary Sources

The Depression hits Germany

In the later part of the 1920’s things were getting a bit better in Germany.

The US was giving Germany loans to pay off their reparations.

BUT……

When the US Stock Market crashed in 1929, the US called in it’s debts.

Germany started printing money to pay for it & the “Reichmark” lost its value (inflation).

Inflation coupled w/ high unemployment led to an economic depression in Germany that exceeded the negative effects felt in other countries.

Extreme poverty, hunger, suffering, and desperation took hold in Germany.

The Effect

The German Economy COLLAPSED

Many Germans were jobless, desperate, hungry, & hopeless. The little money that people did have lost its value.

The German People Were:HumiliatedDefenseless

DisappointedAngry

&Broke

Europe Europe 19191919

Today’s Standard(s)

SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21st century.

a. Describe major developments following World War I: the Russian Revolution, the

Treaty of Versailles, world-wide depression, and the rise of Nazism.

(R35) (R35) The Inter-War The Inter-War

YearsYears

The Inter-War YearsThe Inter-War YearsTo symbolize the end of

WWI, the allied and central powers signed the Versailles Treaty.

Under the terms of this treaty, Germany was

forced to pay reparations to the allied nations & give up some territory.

These reparations plunged Germany into an

economic depression.

The Inter-War YearsThe Inter-War Years

Many Germans felt betrayed by their leaders who signed the treaty.

The conditions in Germany kept getting worse.

Many people were unemployed and hungry.

The people of Germany were desperate for change.


Many political parties emerged promising to change the

situation in Germany if they were given power.

One such party was called the National Socialist German

Workers’ Party, also known as the

NAZI PARTY


The Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, blamed Jews and others for the problems facing

Germany.

They promised to make Germany strong again,

if the people would support them.


The majority of Germans supported the Nazi Party, because they promised to

improve the economy, and end unemployment

and hunger.

In 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by president

Hindenburg.

Reichstag Fire

A month after Hitler became Chancellor,

the Reichstag was set on fire.(2.27.1933)

The Enabling Act &

the Beginning of DictatorshipThe “Enabling Act” of 1933 gave

Hitler “temporary” autocratic powers to protect Germany from

these so-called communist terrorists that he claimed were trying to plunge Germany into

chaos.

This was only supposed to be temporary, but Hitler held this

power to the end.

Reichstag fire clip

Cleaning HouseDachau was built in 1933 to hold political dissidents (people that

opposed the Nazi Party & Hitler), like Communists.

In the early years of Nazi Germany these were just meant to hold people & keep them out of German society.

This helped Hitler eliminate political rivals.

As time went on, their function became more terrifying.

Night of the Long Knives

June 30th - July 2nd, 1934Hitler had many of

potential political enemies & threats (mostly Nazi SA

“Brown-Shirts” that helped him come to

power) killed by his SS.


Once in power, Hitler moved to keep the

economic promises he had made to the German people.

He enacted many different public works

projects to both modernize the country and give people jobs.


These projects did help the economy and the

Hitler-friendly people of Germany were doing

better.

Hitler had kept his promises, and many

Germans loved him for it.

The Inter-War YearsThe Inter-War YearsWhile Hitler was openly

basking in the adoration of the people, he was

secretly rebuilding Germany’s military.

This was not legal, according to the terms of the Versailles Treaty.

Hitler guessed that the allies would not stop them.

…….He was right

The Inter-War YearsThe Inter-War YearsOnce Hitler has secured the

admiration of his people by fixing the economy and

unemployment, he wanted to “clean”

Germany of “socially undesirable” people.

Anything short of the Nazi version perfection was

unacceptable.


According to Hitler, socially undesirables included:

Physically HandicappedMentally Handicapped

JewsGypsies

&Anybody that didn’t agree

with Nazi beliefs


The Nazi’s began to exclude anything they considered

“un-German” from German society.

They began to get rid of college professors, clergy, and

teachers who questioned their policies by sending them to concentration

camps.


In 1935, Nazi Germany passed the

Nuremburg Laws, which stripped Jews of

German citizenship, prohibited them from

public employment. Later, the government required them to wear a badge of

identification or an armband.


The pre-war climax of Nazi aggression against the Jews occurred on

November 9-10, 1938.

This was the “KristallnachtKristallnacht,” or “night of broken glass.”

Supporters of Hitler roamed around Germany destroying Jewish

businesses, beating up & killing Jews, & burning down synagogues.


The leaders of the world didn’t

particularly like Hitler, but they were

afraid of creating another world war.

Ultimately, Hitler would force the world to

act.

NAZI GERMANYNAZI GERMANY

Ernst Rohm Heinrich HimmlerJoachim

Von RibbentropJoseph Goebbels

Reinhard Heydrich

Hermann Hermann GoeringGoering Joseph Joseph

GoebbelsGoebbelsRudolf Rudolf HessHess

Martin Martin BormannBormann

Rise of Nazi Germany

Rise of Nazi GermanyRise of Nazi Germany

Documents

Pull out the blue textbook under your desk & open it up to page 335