Purposes of the YRBSSPurposes of the YRBSS

Focus the nation on behaviors among youth causing the most important health problems• Violence• Alcohol and other drug use• Behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries • Sexual behaviors• Tobacco use • Unhealthy dietary behaviors• Inadequate physical activity

Assess how risk behaviors change over time Provide comparable data for the Nation, states,

and large urban school districts

Focus the nation on behaviors among youth causing the most important health problems• Violence• Alcohol and other drug use• Behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries • Sexual behaviors• Tobacco use • Unhealthy dietary behaviors• Inadequate physical activity

Assess how risk behaviors change over time Provide comparable data for the Nation, states,

and large urban school districts

Characteristics of the National, State, and Local School-Based YRBS

Characteristics of the National, State, and Local School-Based YRBS

9th – 12th grade students Probability samples of schools and students Anonymous Self-administered, computer-scannable

questionnaire or answer sheet Completed in one class period (45 minutes) Conducted biennially usually during the spring

9th – 12th grade students Probability samples of schools and students Anonymous Self-administered, computer-scannable

questionnaire or answer sheet Completed in one class period (45 minutes) Conducted biennially usually during the spring

2005 National YRBS2005 National YRBS

National probability sample of public and private schools

Total sample size = 13,917

School-level response rate = 78%

Student-level response rate = 86%

Overall response rate = 67%

National probability sample of public and private schools

Total sample size = 13,917

School-level response rate = 78%

Student-level response rate = 86%

Overall response rate = 67%

State and Local YRBS Participation1991 – 2005

State and Local YRBS Participation1991 – 2005

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Number of states (excluding DC) 26 40 39 38 41 37 43 44

Number of territories 2 2 5 5 4 7 5 4

Number of cities (including DC) 11 14 17 17 17 19 22 23

Total number of sites 38 56 61 60 62 63 70 71

Number and percent of weighted sites

N=17

45%

N=33

59%

N=37

61%

N=43

72%

N=38

61%

N=38

60%

N=56

80%

N=64

90%

Policy and Program Applications Policy and Program Applications

Describe risk behaviors

Create awareness

Set program goals

Develop programs and policies

Support health-related legislation

Seek funding

Describe risk behaviors

Create awareness

Set program goals

Develop programs and policies

Support health-related legislation

Seek funding

YRBS Measures Related to ViolenceYRBS Measures Related to Violence

*Carried a weapon; carried a gun In a physical fight; injured in a physical fight ON SCHOOL PROPERTY

• *Carried a weapon• *In a physical fight• *Threatened or injured with a weapon • Had property stolen or damaged

Did not go to school because of safety concerns Dating violence; forced to have sexual intercourse

*Carried a weapon; carried a gun In a physical fight; injured in a physical fight ON SCHOOL PROPERTY

• *Carried a weapon• *In a physical fight• *Threatened or injured with a weapon • Had property stolen or damaged

Did not go to school because of safety concerns Dating violence; forced to have sexual intercourse

YRBS Measures Related to SuicideYRBS Measures Related to Suicide

Seriously considered suicide

Made a suicide plan

Attempted suicide

Suicide attempt treated by a doctor or nurse

Seriously considered suicide

Made a suicide plan

Attempted suicide

Suicide attempt treated by a doctor or nurse

YRBS Measures Related to Alcohol and Other Drug Use (1)

YRBS Measures Related to Alcohol and Other Drug Use (1)

Lifetime and current use of• *Alcohol• *Marijuana• Cocaine

Lifetime and current use of• *Alcohol• *Marijuana• Cocaine

Lifetime use of:• Illegal injection drugs• Inhalants• Illegal steroids• Hallucinogens• Heroin• Methamphetamine• Ecstasy

Lifetime use of:• Illegal injection drugs• Inhalants• Illegal steroids• Hallucinogens• Heroin• Methamphetamine• Ecstasy

YRBS Measures Related to Alcohol and Other Drug Use (2)

YRBS Measures Related to Alcohol and Other Drug Use (2)

Episodic heavy drinking ON SCHOOL PROPERTY

• *Drank alcohol• *Used marijuana• *Offered, sold, or given an illegal drug

BEFORE AGE 13• Drank alcohol• Tried marijuana

Episodic heavy drinking ON SCHOOL PROPERTY

• *Drank alcohol• *Used marijuana• *Offered, sold, or given an illegal drug

BEFORE AGE 13• Drank alcohol• Tried marijuana

Sample Optional Measures Related to Violence and Drug Use

Sample Optional Measures Related to Violence and Drug Use

ON SCHOOL PROPERTY• Carried a gun• Harassed or bullied• Hit, punched, or kicked

Cut or burn yourself on purpose Threatened or injured as a result of gang activity Use of painkillers, prescription drugs w/o doctor’s

prescription, over-the-counter drugs to get high Attended school under influence of alcohol or other illegal

drugs

ON SCHOOL PROPERTY• Carried a gun• Harassed or bullied• Hit, punched, or kicked

Cut or burn yourself on purpose Threatened or injured as a result of gang activity Use of painkillers, prescription drugs w/o doctor’s

prescription, over-the-counter drugs to get high Attended school under influence of alcohol or other illegal

drugs

Sample Optional Measures Relatedto Protective Factors

Sample Optional Measures Relatedto Protective Factors

How often do parents:• Talk to you about what you are doing at school?• Ask where you are going or with whom you will be?

Do you eat meals with family? Is there a teacher or other adult in school you can

talk to? Do you feel safe and secure at school? Do you feel like you belong at this school? Is harassment and bullying a problem at school?

How often do parents:• Talk to you about what you are doing at school?• Ask where you are going or with whom you will be?

Do you eat meals with family? Is there a teacher or other adult in school you can

talk to? Do you feel safe and secure at school? Do you feel like you belong at this school? Is harassment and bullying a problem at school?

Percentage of High School Students Who Were in a Physical Fight on School Property,*

by Sex** and Race/Ethnicity,*** 2005

Percentage of High School Students Who Were in a Physical Fight on School Property,*

by Sex** and Race/Ethnicity,*** 2005

*One or more times during the 12 months preceding the survey; ** M > F; *** B, H > WSource: CDC, National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2005

18.211.6

16.9 18.3

8.813.6

0

25

50

75

100

Total Female Male White Black Hispanic

Perc

ent

Percentage of High School Students Who Were ina Physical Fight on School Property,* 1993 – 2005Percentage of High School Students Who Were ina Physical Fight on School Property,* 1993 – 2005

* One or more times during the 12 months preceding the survey; 1 Significant linear decrease and quadratic change, P < .05Source: CDC, National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 1993 – 2005

16.2 15.5 14.8 14.212.5 12.8

13.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

Perc

ent

Range and Median Percentage of High School Students Who Were in a Physical Fight on School

Property,* Across 40 States and 21 Cities, 2005

Range and Median Percentage of High School Students Who Were in a Physical Fight on School

Property,* Across 40 States and 21 Cities, 2005

*One or more times during the 12 months preceding the surveySource: State and Local Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2005

8.410.4

11.4

14.715.6

22.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

States Cities

Perc

ent

Percentage of High School Students Who Were Offered, Sold, or Given an Illegal Drug by

Someone on School Property,* by Selected States

Percentage of High School Students Who Were Offered, Sold, or Given an Illegal Drug by

Someone on School Property,* by Selected States

39

20

34 33

18

26

17

0

25

50

75

100

Median Arizona Kansas Kentucky Maine New Jersey Oklahoma

Perc

ent

*During the 12 months preceding the surveySource: State Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2005

Percentage of High School Students Who DidNot Go to School Because of Safety Concerns,*

by Selected Large Urban School Districts

Percentage of High School Students Who DidNot Go to School Because of Safety Concerns,*

by Selected Large Urban School Districts

813

7

2016

89

0

25

50

75

100

Median Boston Dallas Los Angeles Miami-Dade New Orleans San Bernadino

Perc

ent

*On >1 of the 30 days preceding the surveySource: Local Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2005

Sample YRBS Articles Related to Violence and Substance Use

Sample YRBS Articles Related to Violence and Substance Use

Violence-related behaviors among high school students—United States, 1991-2003

Substance use on school property among students attending alternative high schools in the United States

Effect of the incident at Columbine on students’ violence- and suicide-related behaviors

Sexual activity and substance use among adolescents by category of physical activity plus team sports participation

Violence-related behaviors among high school students—United States, 1991-2003

Substance use on school property among students attending alternative high schools in the United States

Effect of the incident at Columbine on students’ violence- and suicide-related behaviors

Sexual activity and substance use among adolescents by category of physical activity plus team sports participation

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System Components

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System Components

National, state and local school-based YRBS National household-based YRBS National college YRBS National alternative high school YRBS Steps YRBS Special population YRBS Psychometric studies

National, state and local school-based YRBS National household-based YRBS National college YRBS National alternative high school YRBS Steps YRBS Special population YRBS Psychometric studies

School Health ProfilesSchool Health Profiles

www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/profiles

School Health Profiles - MethodsSchool Health Profiles - Methods

Conducted by state and local education and health agencies

Conducted biennially during the spring

Systematic equal-probability sample of secondary schools

Questionnaires mailed to principal and lead health education teacher

Conducted by state and local education and health agencies

Conducted biennially during the spring

Systematic equal-probability sample of secondary schools

Questionnaires mailed to principal and lead health education teacher

State and Local Participation in School Health Profiles, 1998 – 2006

State and Local Participation in School Health Profiles, 1998 – 2006

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Number of states (excluding DC) 38 38 43 41 44

Number of cities (including DC) 10 13 14 13 16

Total number of sites 48 51 57 54 60

Percent of sites with generalizable data

77% 75% 77% 70% 80%

School Health Profiles 2006 – Sample TopicsSchool Health Profiles 2006 – Sample Topics

Health education topics, materials, policies, and teaching methods

Health-related staff development and professional preparation

Education and policies related to:• HIV prevention• Tobacco-use prevention • Nutrition• Physical activity

Policies related to physical education and nutrition service Asthma management activities

Health education topics, materials, policies, and teaching methods

Health-related staff development and professional preparation

Education and policies related to:• HIV prevention• Tobacco-use prevention • Nutrition• Physical activity

Policies related to physical education and nutrition service Asthma management activities

Sample School Health Profiles Measures Related to Violence Prevention

Sample School Health Profiles Measures Related to Violence Prevention

Closed campus Use of staff or adult volunteers to monitor hallways Routine bag, desk, or locker checks Require school uniforms, ID badges Use metal detectors Employ police or security guards during regular

school day Implement peer mediation program

Closed campus Use of staff or adult volunteers to monitor hallways Routine bag, desk, or locker checks Require school uniforms, ID badges Use metal detectors Employ police or security guards during regular

school day Implement peer mediation program

Percentage of Secondary Schools That Provided a Full-Time Registered Nurse All Day, Every Day by Selected Large Urban School Districts, 2004

Percentage of Secondary Schools That Provided a Full-Time Registered Nurse All Day, Every Day by Selected Large Urban School Districts, 2004

Source: CDC, School Health Profiles, 2004

11

93

916

83 8680

56

0

25

50

75

100

Median Chicago Dallas Los Angeles Memphis Miami Philadelphia San Diego

Perc

ent

Percentage of Secondary Schools in Which Students Could Buy Chocolate Candy,* by Selected States, 2004Percentage of Secondary Schools in Which Students

Could Buy Chocolate Candy,* by Selected States, 2004

36 35

55

8993

7265 67

0

25

50

75

100

Median Delaware Iowa NewHampshire

North Carolina Oklahoma Utah Washington

Perc

ent

*Among schools that allowed students to purchase snack foods or beverages from vending machines or at the school store, canteen, or snack barSource: CDC, School Health Profiles, 2004