Upload
ashley
View
25
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Pursuing Equality for African-Americans During Radical Reconstruction. Freedmen in the South Carolina Sea Islands http://web.gc.cuny.edu/ashp/toer/looking.html. The End of the Civil War. When the Union won the Civil War the big questions were: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Pursuing Equality for African-Americans During
Radical Reconstruction
Freedmen in the South Carolina Sea Islandshttp://web.gc.cuny.edu/ashp/toer/looking.html
The End of the Civil War When the Union won
the Civil War the big questions were: What should Southern
states have to do to be readmitted to the Union?
What should happen to southerners who participated in the war effort?
What should happen to the newly emancipated slaves?
Jefferson Davis, President of the
Confederacyhttp://www.redstone.army.mil/history/integrate/chron2.htm
Views of Reconstruction Republican leaders
agreed that slavery had to be permanently destroyed and all forms of Confederate nationalism had to be suppressed
Moderates thought this could be accomplished as soon as Confederate armies surrendered and the southern states repealed secession and ratified the 13th Amendment
All of this happened by the end of September 1865
General Lee surrendering to General Grant at Appomattox
Courthousehttp://www.ct.gov/mil/lib/mil/pictures/civilwar/
thesurrender.jpg
Johnson Alienates Radical Republicans
President Johnson supported votes for Black army veterans in 1864 and 1865
By 1866, however, Johnson broke with the moderate Republicans and aligned himself with the Democrats who opposed equality and opposed the Fourteenth Amendment
Radicals attacked Johnson’s policies, especially his 10% Plan and his veto of the Civil Rights Bill for the Freedmen
President Andrew Johnson
http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/cg&csa/_notes/20a.jpg
Plans for Reconstruction Led by Charles Sumner
and Thaddeus Stevens, the Radical Republicans wanted the Southern states to be punished for their treasonous behavior
They called for harsh punishment of Confederate officers and soldiers and equal rights for Freedmen
http://www.msp.umb.edu/afam/AfAmResearchQuestions.html
Radical Republicans Gain Control of Congress
The election of 1866 dramatically changed the balance of power in congress, giving the Radical Republicans enough votes to overcome Johnson's vetoes
Though he avoided (by one vote) the Radical Republican attempt to impeach him Johnson remained almost powerless regarding Reconstruction policy “Time Works Wonders” by Thomas
Nasthttp://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=April&Date=9
Radical Reconstruction Radical Republicans
implemented a federal reconstruction plan
They used the Army to combat the effect of black codes and enforce new laws that guaranteed rights to African Americans in Southern states
Federal reconstruction took the vote away from 10,000 to 15,000 white men who had been Confederate officials or soldiers
Radical Republican Leadershttp://lfa.atu.edu/ssphil/people/ssjw/us2/
presrecon.htm
Black Codes White Southerners
sought ways to control newly freed African Americans
They wrote Black Codes to regulate civil and legal rights, from marriage to the right to hold and sell property
In many ways the codes guaranteed African Americans would continue working as farm laborers
African American men who were arrested for vagrancy due
to unemploymenthttp://history.sandiego.edu/gen/civilwar/16/
reconstruction1.html
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 The Civil Rights Act of
1866 gave rights to freed slaves including the rights to make contracts, sue, witness in court, and own private property
President Johnson vetoed the bill saying it would "operate in favor of the colored and against the white race“
Congress overrode the presidential veto in April of 1866
The act declared that all persons born in the U.S. were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition of servitude, excluding Indians
Former Slaves and Wounded Union Veterans Celebrating the
Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866
http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/fimage/gildedage/image.php?id=3490
The 14th Amendment In order to ensure
permanent change the 14th amendment granted citizenship to African Americans
The amendment also guaranteed the right to due process under the law to African Americans
http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2005/june2005/
june05leb_img_29.jpg
The 15th Amendment Granted African
American men suffrage in 1870
This did not guarantee African American men would be allowed access to their local polls
Violence against African Americans at polling places was common
Literacy tests, poll taxes and other voter qualification laws became common
The First Black Votershttp://www.harpweek.com/
09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=November&Date=14
African Americans Vote
Slowly Southern states held elections in which Freedmen voted
These elections usually produced Republican state governments
For the first time African Americans were elected to local, state and federal offices
Hiram Revels, the first African American elected
to the U.S. Senatehttp://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000166
The End of Radical Reconstruction Federal Reconstruction
ended in 1876 with the election of Rutherford B. Hayes to the presidency
A few weeks after taking office Hayes issued an order for the removal of all federal soldiers stationed in the South
The end of Reconstruction led to a drastic reduction of rights for African Americans
President Rutherford Hayes
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/057_pra3.html