PUS Report 159 - Arable Farm Crops in Great Britain 1998 · 10%, mainly due to increased use of fungicides for late blight control during the very wet summer, whereas the total weight

PESTICIDE USAGE SURVEY REPORT 159

ARABLE FARM CROPS

IN GREAT BRITAIN

1998

D G Garthwaite and M R Thomas

Pesticide Usage Survey Group

Central Science Laboratory

Sand Hutton

York

YO41 1LZ

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food &

Scottish Executive Rural Affairs Department

Crown Copyright CSL 1999ii

Crown Copyright CSL 1999iii

CONTENTS Page

Summary 1

Introduction 2

Methods 3

Results and discussion 5

Crops 5

Overall usage of pesticides 6

Extent and quantities of pesticide formulations used 11

Extent and quantities of active substances used 26

Pesticide usage on cereals

Wheat 29

Winter barley 35

Spring barley 41

Oats 46

Rye 50

Triticale 53

Pesticide usage on oilseeds

Oilseed rape 56

Linseed & flax 60

Pesticide usage on potatoes

Ware potatoes 63

Seed potatoes 66

Pesticide usage on peas & beans 69

Pesticide usage on sugar beet 74

Pesticide usage on set-aside 77

Comparison with previous surveys

Areas of crops grown: 1988, 1994, 1996 & 1998 82

Cereals: 1988, 1994, 1996 & 1998 84

Oilseed rape: 1988, 1994, 1996 & 1998 86

Linseed & flax: 1988, 1994, 1996 & 1998 88

Potatoes: 1988, 1994, 1996 & 1998 90

Pulses: 1988, 1994, 1996 & 1998 92

Sugar beet: 1988, 1994, 1996 & 1998 94

Acknowledgements 96

References 96

Appendix 97

Crown Copyright CSL 1999iv

ROUNDING

Due to rounding of figures, the sum of constituent items in the tables may not agree exactly with the totals shown.

DEFINITIONS

a) ’Pesticide’ is used throughout this report to include commercial formulations containing active substances used as

acaricides, biological control agents, defoliants, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides, molluscicides or

nematicides.

b) ’Treated area’ is the gross area treated with a pesticide, including all repeat applications, some of which may have been

applied to the land in preparation for drilling and thus may appear as an inappropriate use on that crop.

c) ’Reason for application’ shown in tables is the farmer’s stated reason for use of that particular pesticide on that crop and

may not always seem entirely appropriate. Additionally, many farmers were unable to supply a reason for use at the time

of the interview, either because this was not recorded or there was insufficient time to account for every spray applied.

For this reason there is often a very large apportionment of use to the "Reasons unspecified" category. This does not

imply that farmers did not know why they were applying a pesticide, though in some cases the person responsible for the

spraying may have been acting under instruction from an advisor who, identifying a need for the treatment, may not have

passed on the reason to the applicator.

d) Where individual active substances are mentioned in the text, they are listed in descending order of use by hectares

treated.

e) Throughout all tables, “Other” refers to chemicals grouped together because they were applied to less than 0.1% of the

total area treated with pesticides

QUALITY CONTROL OF DATA

All data are collected by personal interview using fully qualified staff working to standard operating procedures. Paper

records are held at the Central Science Laboratory, York (or Scottish Agricultural Science Agency, Edinburgh for

Scottish holdings) but individual holdings cannot be identified. Data are entered onto a computer database which has

extensive error checking routines associated with the input program. Each item of data is then checked after entry and

subsequently all forms are re-checked by someone other than the original operator. Prior to compilation of the tables, the

data are further subjected to a range of computer checks to detect, amongst other things, any values which, on agronomic

grounds, appear suspect. Any thus revealed are further scrutinised, and, if necessary, referred back to the original source.

All the tables are prepared by computer once the data set is considered correct, thus eliminating transcription and

typographical errors.

Crown Copyright CSL 19991

SUMMARY

Data are presented on all aspects of pesticide usage on arable farm crops in Great Britain for the growing season fromautumn 1997 through to harvest in 1998, including cereals, oilseeds, potatoes, peas, beans, sugar beet and set-aside.Data were collected during visits by experienced pesticide usage surveyors to 1,069 holdings throughout Great Britain,representing 4% of the total area of arable crops grown. The area of crops surveyed in each region was proportional tothe area of arable crops grown in that region and the data on the area of pesticide treatments and the amount of activesubstances applied have been raised to give estimates of national usage.

There had been an overall increase in the area of all arable farm crops, including set-aside, of 2%, since 1996.However, the treated area of all arable crops including set-aside increased by 12% since 1996, while the weight applieddecreased by 1%. The contrast between the area treated and the weight applied reflects the now common practice ofreduced rate application of fungicides and herbicides and the continued introduction of new products active at lowerrates of application than those they are replacing.

Fungicides accounted for 35% of the total pesticide treated area of arable farm crops grown in Great Britain in 1998,herbicides and desiccants 33%, insecticides & nematicides 10%, seed treatments 11%, growth regulators 9%,molluscicides 1% and sulphur less than 1%. In contrast, herbicides and desiccants accounted for 70% of the totalweight of pesticide active substances applied, fungicides 14%, growth regulators 10%, sulphur 3%, insecticides 1%,seed treatments 1% and molluscicides less than 0.5%. Sulphuric acid alone accounted for 41% of the total weight ofactive substances used but only 0.2% of the pesticide treated area, having been used solely for desiccation ofapproximately 90,000 ha of potatoes.

The most extensively used fungicide formulations applied as sprays were epoxiconazole (used principally on wheat andwinter barley), chlorothalonil (used principally on wheat, beans, peas and potatoes), tebuconazole (used mainly oncereals, particularly wheat but also on oilseed rape), carbendazim (used mainly on cereals, oilseed rape and beans),azoxystrobin (with almost 90% being used on wheat) and epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph/kresoxim-methyl (used onlyon wheat and barley).

The most extensively used herbicide formulations, all used principally on cereals, were isoproturon,diflufenican/isoproturon, glyphosate (used during the husbandry of most crops but mainly on set-aside), metsulfuron-methyl (also used extensively on linseed) and fluroxypyr (used principally on wheat and barley for cleaver control).

The pyrethroids were the most extensively used insecticides accounting for 79% of the insecticide treated area,followed by the organophosphates 11% and the carbamates 8%. Four insecticides accounted for approximately 80% ofthe total insecticide treated area of all arable farm crops: cypermethrin 50%, lambda-cyhalothrin, 15%, dimethoate 9%and pirimicarb 6%. Other extensively used insecticides included the pyrethroids esfenvalerate, deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin.

The 2% increase in the area of cereals grown in Great Britain in 1998 compared with 1996 was due in part to thechanges in set-aside obligations. There was a 11% increase in the total pesticide treated area but a decrease of less than1% in the amount of active substances applied.

The area of oilseed rape grown in 1998 was 42% higher than in 1996 and in line with the increase in the area grownthere has been a corresponding increase of 53% in the pesticide treated area and 46% in the weight applied. The area oflinseed and flax grown in 1998 was 76% higher than in 1996 and almost double that recorded in 1994. The totalpesticide treated area of linseed and flax was more than double that recorded in 1996.

The area of potatoes grown in 1998 was 6% less than in 1996, however the total pesticide treated area increased by10%, mainly due to increased use of fungicides for late blight control during the very wet summer, whereas the totalweight applied decreased by 4%.

There was an 18% increase in the areas of pulses grown between 1996 and 1998 with corresponding increases in thepesticide treated area of 24% and the amount applied by 21%.

The area of sugar beet grown in 1998 was 5% less than that grown in 1996 and 7% less than in 1988. Over the lastdecade the total pesticide area treated had increased by 71% whilst the weight of active substances applied haddecreased by 35%.


INTRODUCTION

The Advisory Committee on Pesticides advises government on all aspects of pesticide use. In order to discharge this

function the Committee must regularly monitor the usage of all pesticides. It needs accurate data on the usage of

individual pesticides.

As part of the ongoing process for obtaining data, the Pesticide Usage Survey Groups of the Central Science

Laboratory, an executive agency of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food, and the Scottish Agricultural

Science Agency, an agency of the Scottish Office of Agriculture, Environment & Fisheries Department conducted a

survey of pesticide usage on arable farm crops in the growing season from autumn 1997 through to harvest in 1998, by

visiting holdings throughout Great Britain during the winter of 1998/99.

This was the fourth fully co-ordinated survey of pesticide usage on arable farm crops throughout Great Britain, the first

being in 1992 (Davis, Thomas, Garthwaite & Bowen, 1993), followed by 1994 (Garthwaite, Thomas & Hart, 1995) and

1996 (Thomas, Garthwaite & Banham, 1997). There have previously been five surveys of pesticide usage on arable

farm crops conducted in England & Wales in 1974 (Chapman, Sly & Cutler, 1977), 1977 (Steed, Sly, Tucker & Cutler,

1979), 1982 (Sly, 1986), 1988 (Davis, Garthwaite & Thomas, 1990) and 1990 (Davis, Garthwaite & Thomas, 1991).

The first two surveys also included information on pesticide usage in Scotland. Three further surveys of this topic in

Scotland have been reported for 1982 (Bowen & Wood, 1989), 1988 (Snowden, Bowen & Dickson, 1991) and 1990

(Snowden & Bowen, 1991).

All surveys of pesticide usage in agriculture and horticulture are now fully co-ordinated by the two survey groups and

present reports of pesticide usage throughout Great Britain. Information on all aspects of pesticide usage in Great

Britain plus the MAFF regions of England & Wales can be obtained from the Pesticide Usage Survey Group at the

Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton. Further data related specifically to Scotland can be obtained from the

Pesticide Usage Survey Group at the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency, Edinburgh.

A list of the most recently published reports is included in the Appendix.


METHODS

The samples of holdings to be surveyed were selected using data from the Agricultural Census Returns, June 1997 forEngland & Wales (Anon., 1998a) and for Scotland (Anon., 1998b).

The samples were drawn from the census returns so as to represent the area of all arable crops grown throughoutEngland, Scotland and Wales. For England & Wales the sample was selected within each of the six old MAFF regions(Fig. 1) and in Scotland the country was divided into 11 land-use regions (Wood, 1931). The samples were stratifiedaccording to the total area of all arable crops grown in each region and by farm size group based on the total area ofarable crops on each farm. The area of arable crops sampled in each size group and each region was proportional to thetotal area of arable crops grown on holdings of each size group in each region.

For the purposes of this survey the total area of arable farm crops was taken as the sum of the areas of the followingcrops: wheat; winter barley; spring barley; oats; rye; triticale; oilseed rape; linseed; flax; ware potatoes; seed potatoes;peas for harvesting dry; field beans and sugar beet. A number of minor crops were encountered in the survey,including borage, evening primrose and sunflowers, however these accounted for 0.1% of the total arable area.

An introductory letter was sent to the occupiers of the selected holdings explaining the purpose of the survey. A totalof 1,069 holdings were visited during the winter of 1998/99 and data collected during a personal interview with thegrower. Where a holding listed in the original sample was not able to provide data it was replaced with another fromthe same size group and region, held on a reserve list.

Raising factors

The pesticide usage data collected from each holding were raised by two factors to give an estimate of regional usage;the first factor being dependent on farm size group and region and the second dependent on crop area and region. Thedata were further adjusted by a third factor to give estimates of total pesticide usage related to the national croppingareas in Great Britain.

The raising factors were based on the areas of arable crops grown and harvested in 1998 as recorded in the JuneAgricultural Census Returns both for England & Wales (Anon., 1999a) and Scotland (Anon., 1999b).

The Questionnaire

The questionnaire for the main part of the survey consisted of two forms, which were completed by an experiencedpesticide usage surveyor during an interview with the farmer.

Form 1 summarised the areas of arable crops grown on the designated holding during the growing season from autumn1997 through to harvest in 1998.

Form 2 dealt with all aspects of pesticide usage on the individual crops grown on the holding and harvested in 1998, aseparate form being used for each field. This included chemicals applied prior to drilling and those used to maintainbarren strips around field boundaries. As these are subsequently associated with the land on which that crop was grownthey may appear as inappropriate uses. Certain agronomic details which may have influenced pesticide usage(including the source of seed and type of treatment, method of drilling, use of adjuvants and the volume of sprayapplied) were also recorded on form 2.

A further form was completed where potatoes were stored on the holding, detailing information on storage methods andpesticide treatments made during storage. The results of this survey will be reported separately. Similarly data werecollected from each holding concerning the usage of rodenticides which will also be published elsewhere.


Fig. 1 Counties in MAFF regions of England & Wales and regions covered by SOAEFD Scotland

ScotlandBordersCentral

Dumfries & GallowayFife

GrampianHighlands & Islands

LothianStrathclyde

Tayside

Durham

Tyne & Wear

NorthumberlandNorth Yorkshire

Cleveland

NorthernCumbria

Humberside

South Yorkshire

West Yorkshire

EasternBedfordshire

CambridgeshireEssex

HertfordshireGreater London (E)

LincolnshireNorfolk

NorthamptonshireSuffolk

South EasternBerkshire

BuckinghamshireEast Sussex

Greater London (SE)Hampshire

KentOxfordshire

SurreyWest Sussex

South WesternAvon

CornwallDevonDorset

GloucestershireSomersetWiltshire

Gwent

WalesClwydDyfed

GwyneddMid Glamorgan

PowysSouth GlamorganWest Glamorgan

Nottinghamshire

Midlands & WesternCheshire

DerbyshireGreater Manchester

Hereford & WorcesterLancashire

LeicestershireMerseyside

ShropshireStaffordshireWarwickshire

West Midlands


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CROPS

Information concerning thirteen types of arable crops and data on pesticide usage were collected from 17,224 examples

grown on 1,069 holdings throughout Great Britain. The sample accounted for 4% of the total area of arable farm crops

in Great Britain grown from autumn 1997 or spring 1998 through to harvest in 1998.

The areas of each of the arable farm crops grown in the six MAFF regions of England & Wales plus Scotland are

shown in Table 1. Four combinable crops accounted for over three-quarters of the total area of arable farm crops

grown: wheat (42%), winter barley (16%), oilseed rape (10%) and spring barley (9%). Set-aside as an "arable crop"

accounted for 6% of the arable area and included both cropped and regenerated fields. Approximately 34% of the total

area of arable crops in Great Britain was grown in Eastern Region, 15% in Northern Region, 15% in Midlands and

Western Region, 13% in Scotland, 12% in South Eastern Region, 10% in South Western Region and 1% in Wales.

The distribution of most of the crops was similar with a few notable exceptions. Almost three quarters of the sugar beet

was grown in Eastern Region (73%) whilst none was grown in Scotland and less than a thousand hectares was grown in

each of South Western Region, South Eastern Region and Wales. Approximately 56% of the spring barley was grown

in Scotland accounting for 42% of the total area of all arable farm crops grown in this region. Similarly 23% of the

total area of oats was also grown in Scotland, with a further 20% grown in Midlands and Western Region. In contrast,

proportionately less wheat, winter barley, peas, beans and linseed were grown in Scotland.

Table 1 Area of arable crops grown in Great Britain 1998 (hectares)

Northern Midlands Eastern South South Wales Scotland Great& Western Eastern Western Britain

Wheat1 334,737 306,470 804,399 264,138 198,831 15,939 111,172 2,035,686Winter barley 153,891 133,330 204,138 78,445 97,385 15,603 77,705 760,497Spring barley 39,319 28,095 52,687 27,693 37,480 14,497 255,822 455,594Oats1 8,786 19,058 8,707 18,905 14,084 3,389 21,785 94,714Rye 871 1,169 4,539 2,058 972 99 0 9,708Triticale 1,644 1,318 1,505 1,177 2,755 491 1,671 10,561Oilseed rape1 85,560 72,864 162,044 78,190 38,053 3,598 65,116 505,424Linseed and flax1 9,492 11,694 36,892 24,108 29,015 1,602 1,388 114,191Ware potatoes 23,486 34,452 50,411 6,220 9,391 3,502 14,656 142,119Seed potatoes 924 247 497 93 224 174 14,105 16,263Peas 13,196 11,976 40,368 20,699 13,069 324 2,097 101,729Beans1 7,937 23,398 50,987 17,422 9,781 560 507 110,590Sugar beet 23,454 26,074 137,715 173 884 54 0 188,355Set-aside2 42,150 40,515 97,819 48,992 34,183 3,647 43,300 310,604

All arable crops 745,447 710,660 1,652,708 588,313 486,107 63,479 609,324 4,856,035

1 includes winter and spring crops

2 areas of the different types of cropping on set-aside land are given in Table 22 on page 77


OVERALL USAGE OF PESTICIDES

Pesticide usage on crops

The extent of pesticide usage, in terms of area treated, varied with each crop group (Table 2). For example, wheataccounted for 42% of the total area of arable farm crops grown in Great Britain but for 53% of the total pesticidetreated area. However, this varied between chemical groups. Wheat accounted for approximately 72% of the total areatreated with growth regulators and 56% of the total fungicide treated area but for only 50% of the total insecticide &nematicide treated area and 49% of the total herbicide treated area.

Similarly whilst ware potatoes accounted for 3% of the total area of arable crops grown, they comprised 5% of the totalpesticide treated area. However, they accounted for 71% of all sulphuric acid usage, 9% of the total fungicide treatedarea, 19% of the total molluscicide treated area, 4% of the total insecticide & nematicide treated area, but for just 0.3%of the total growth regulator treated area.

There was no usage of growth regulators recorded on beans, sugar beet or seed potatoes. Approximately 97% of thetotal molluscicide treated area was accounted for by four crops: wheat (48%), oilseed rape (25%), ware potatoes (19%)and winter barley (4%).

Proportion of crops treated

The percentage areas of each crop treated with the different pesticide groups are shown in Table 3 whilst the meannumber of spray rounds, mean number of products and mean number of active substances applied are shown in Tables4a-c.

Many fungicides and herbicides were applied as product formulations containing more than one active substance, or asproduct mixtures in the same spray tank whereas most insecticides were applied as single products of a single activesubstance, though they may well have been applied at the same time as a fungicide or herbicide.

Herbicides were applied to at least 88% of the area of all arable crops, with the exception of set-aside, with a mean oftwo applications using three products and four active substances. All of the sugar beet area was treated on average fourtimes with a herbicide, using eight (not necessarily different) products and ten active substances illustrating the use ofrepeat low dose applications of herbicides for weed control in this crop. In contrast, most spring barley, oats andtriticale crops received on average a single herbicide application of one to two products and three or four activesubstances. Approximately half of the set-aside land, both cropped and regenerated, received a single herbicideapplication, using one or two products and one or two active substances.

Fungicides, including sulphur, were applied to a mean of 83% of the total area of arable crops, with an average of twoapplications using four products and five active substances. However, there was considerable variation within thedifferent crops. Almost all potatoes were treated with fungicides. On average, ware potatoes throughout Great Britainwere treated nine times with ten products and sixteen active substances. Seed potatoes were treated on average seventimes, with nine products and thirteen active substances. In contrast, less than 10% of the set-aside area was treatedwith fungicides.

Insecticide & nematicide usage was most extensive on seed potatoes with approximately 95% of the area treated onaverage four times, illustrating the priority given to minimising the levels of aphid-borne viruses. In this particularyear, 1998, 84% of peas were treated with two insecticides on average. In addition 80% of oilseed rape crops, 76% ofwinter barley and 73% of wheat was treated with at least one insecticide. Usage of insecticides on set-aside and springbarley was least extensive, being applied to only 9% and 8% of each respectively.


Usage of growth regulators was mostly restricted to cereals, with less than 10% of the area of oilseed rape, ware

potatoes, linseed and peas being treated. Similarly sulphuric acid was used solely on potatoes. However, a number of

herbicides were used to desiccate oilseed crops (especially linseed) and peas.

Molluscicides were applied to 8% of the area of all crops and were proportionately most extensively used on ware

potatoes, seed potatoes and oilseed rape.


EXTENT AND QUANTITIES OF PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS USED

The estimated total areas of each crop treated in Great Britain with each pesticide formulation are illustrated in Table 5,

whilst the estimated total quantities of pesticide active substances used in each formulation are shown in Table 6.

Fungicides accounted for 35% of the total pesticide treated area of arable farm crops grown in Great Britain in 1998,

herbicides and desiccants 33%, insecticides & nematicides 10%, seed treatments 11%, growth regulators 9%,

molluscicides 1% and sulphur for less than one percent. In contrast, herbicides and desiccants accounted for 70% of

the total weight of pesticide active substances applied, fungicides 14%, growth regulators 10%, sulphur 3%,

insecticides & nematicides 1%, seed treatments 1% and molluscicides less than 0.5%. Indeed sulphuric acid alone

accounted for 41% of the total weight of active substances used but only 0.2% of the pesticide treated area, having been

used solely for desiccation of approximately 90,000 ha of potatoes.

The most extensively used fungicide formulations applied as sprays were epoxiconazole (used principally on wheat and

winter barley), chlorothalonil (used principally on wheat, beans, peas and potatoes), tebuconazole (used mainly on

cereals, particularly wheat but also on oilseed rape), carbendazim (used mainly on cereals, oilseed rape and beans),

azoxystrobin (with almost 90% being used on wheat) and epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph/kresoxim-methyl (used only

on wheat and barley).

The most extensively used herbicide formulations, all used principally on cereals, were isoproturon,

diflufenican/isoproturon, glyphosate (used during the husbandry of most crops but mainly on set-aside), metsulfuron-

methyl (also used extensively on linseed) and fluroxypyr (used principally on wheat and barley for cleaver control).

The pyrethroids alone were the most extensively used insecticides accounting for 79% of the insecticide treated area,

followed by the organophosphates 11% and the carbamates 8%. Four insecticides accounted for approximately 80% of

the total insecticide treated area of all arable farm crops: cypermethrin 50%, lambda-cyhalothrin, 15%, dimethoate 9%

and pirimicarb 6%. Other extensively used insecticides included the pyrethroids esfenvalerate, deltamethrin and alpha-

cypermethrin.

Five active substance combinations, all fungicides, comprised over half of the seed treatment area and all were used

extensively on cereals: bitertanol/fuberidazole, 18%, tebuconazole/triazoxide, 16%, fludioxonil, 9%

fuberidazole/triadimenol, 8%, and guazatine, 7%.

Chlormequat applied alone accounted for 52% of the area of arable crops (applied predominantly to cereals and oilseed

rape) treated with growth regulators and for 76% of the treated area including all formulations.

Metaldehyde (66%) and methiocarb (27%) were the two most commonly used molluscicides recorded, with usage of

thiodicarb accounting for less than 7% of the total molluscicide treated area.


EXTENT AND QUANTITIES OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES USED

The 50 most extensively used pesticide active substances on all arable farm crops in Great Britain in 1998 are listed in

descending order of area treated in Table 7. A similar list showing the 50 most used active substances in descending

order of amount applied is presented in Table 8. The rating of active substances varies in each list depending upon

their extent of usage, rate of application, relative activity per unit weight and their relative proportions in formulated

products, especially for those products which contain more than one active substance.

The ten most extensively used active substances included six fungicides, two herbicides, one growth regulator and oneinsecticide. Epoxiconazole, usage of which more than doubled since 1996, was the only active substance not also

included in the principal 10 in 1996. Usage of the two most widely used herbicides, isoproturon and diflufenican,

increased by 15% and 19% respectively. Usage of the growth regulator, chlormequat, increased by 11% since 1996.

Usage of the fungicides tebuconazole and fenpropimorph increased by 30% and 20% respectively during the period of

the two surveys.

The most extensively used fungicide active substances by area treated were: tebuconazole used mainly on cereals but

also on oilseed rape, beans and linseed; fenpropimorph, used on cereals, beans and oilseed rape; epoxiconazole

recorded on all cereals and oilseed rape; carbendazim, encountered on all crops with the exception of potatoes;

chlorothalonil, used on all crops except rye and sugar beet and flusilazole, used on cereals and oilseed rape.

Fuberidazole was the most important seed treatment fungicide recorded, accounting for just over one million treated

hectares. The newly introduced strobilurin fungicides, kresoxim-methyl and azoxystrobin, used principally on cereals,

appeared at numbers 15 and 17 in the principal 50. In terms of amount applied mancozeb appeared in the top five but

was recorded at positions 20 in terms of area treated, reflecting its relatively high rate of application.

Isoproturon was again clearly the most extensively used herbicide active substance, principally on cereals in England &Wales. Other extensively used active substances were: diflufenican, available mainly in formulated mixtures and used

almost exclusively on cereals; metsulfuron-methyl, used on cereals and linseed and fluroxypyr, used widely on cereals.

In contrast to the extent of usage of metsulfuron-methyl by area treated, it is not in the first 50 by weight of active

substance used, reflecting its extremely low rate of application per hectare. Usage of trifluralin, which appeared at

number 26 by area treated, had increased by 57% since 1996, reflecting its renewed use as an autumn herbicide either

alone or in formulated mixtures.

Cypermethrin was again the most extensively used insecticide active substance by area treated, however it showed an8% decline since the last survey. It did not appear in the top 50 by weight applied again reflecting its low rate of

application per hectare. Other extensively used active substances were lambda-cyhalothrin, continuing to increase in

area since 1996 by 42%, gamma-HCH, used principally as a seed treatment, dimethoate and pirimicarb. By weight,

dimethoate appeared at number 23 reflecting its higher rate of application than either cypermethrin or lambda-

cyhalothrin.

Chlormequat was again the most extensively used growth regulator active substance. However, usage had increased

since the last survey both in terms of area treated (11%) and amount used (5%), possibly reflecting the increase in

cereal area grown following the latest change in set-aside requirements.

Sulphuric acid was again the active substance used most by weight applied and its usage had decreased by 3% (429

tonnes) compared with 1996, representing 41% of the total weight of pesticide active substances applied to arable farm

crops (including set-aside) in 1998.


Table 7 Estimated area (ha) of application of the fifty most extensively used active substances on all arable crops surveyed in 1998 in Great Britain

Active substance Area treated (ha) Area treated 1996 (ha) % change on 1996 Movement

1 Isoproturon 3,494,309 3,046,376 15

2 Chlormequat 2,813,683 2,531,125 11

3 Tebuconazole 2,493,619 1,923,917 30

4 Cypermethrin 2,184,803 2,372,421 -8

5 Fenpropimorph 2,164,212 1,806,341 20

6 Epoxiconazole 2,125,269 834,794 155

7 Carbendazim 1,748,908 2,044,627 -14

8 Chlorothalonil 1,619,581 1,911,590 -15

9 Diflufenican 1,424,571 1,194,316 19

10 Flusilazole 1,351,427 1,528,072 -12

11 Fuberidazole 1,232,632 1,141,847 8

12 Metsulfuron-methyl 1,104,247 955,869 16

13 Fluroxypyr 979,959 895,980 9

14 Cyproconazole 973,529 805,428 21

15 Kresoxim-methyl 942,042 .

16 Glyphosate 932,462 601,915 55

17 Azoxystrobin 882,676 .

18 Thiram 858,779 668,222 29

19 Bitertanol 857,747 749,321 14

20 Mancozeb 851,524 815,577 4

21 Fenpropidin 833,199 1,342,061 -38

22 Triazoxide 790,958 622,521 27

23 Propiconazole 768,414 964,273 -20

24 Triadimenol 747,908 905,619 -17

25 Mecoprop-P 743,735 653,592 14

26 Trifluralin 736,886 468,548 57

27 Lambda-cyhalothrin 688,276 485,072 42

28 Gamma-HCH 641,917 560,080 15

29 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid 612,141 365,373 68

30 Tridemorph 533,934 817,603 -35

31 Pendimethalin 510,332 549,902 -7

32 Prochloraz 496,262 664,497 -25

33 Phenmedipham 474,580 489,827 -3

34 Bromoxynil 465,161 509,526 -9

35 Fludioxonil 443,097 335,003 32

36 Trinexapac-ethyl 429,326 117,948 264

37 Ioxynil 414,857 456,232 -9

38 Flutriafol 410,877 975,297 -58

39 Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 410,376 395,194 4

40 Clodinafop-propargyl 407,160 104,011 291

41 Cymoxanil 406,801 293,990 38

42 Guazatine 403,481 558,925 -28

43 Fluazinam 391,053 190,724 105

44 Dimethoate 377,030 291,578 29

45 Imazaquin 357,840 255,934 40

46 Metaldehyde 355,465 296,965 20

47 Pirimicarb 348,515 309,008 13

48 Amidosulfuron 325,513 125,044 160

49 Ethofumesate 292,832 283,902 3

50 Mepiquat 291,861 241,277 21


Table 8 Estimated amount (tonnes) of the fifty active substances, used most by weight, on all arable crops surveyed in 1998 in Great Britain

Active substance Amount used (t) Amount used 1996 (t) % change on 1996 Movement

1 Sulphuric acid 12,727 13,156 -3

2 Isoproturon 3,474 3,312 5

3 Chlormequat 2,771 2,634 5

4 Mancozeb 1,052 1,009 4

5 Sulphur 1,007 1,247 -19

6 Chlorothalonil 799 822 -3

7 Glyphosate 782 487 61

8 Trifluralin 608 386 58

9 Tri-allate 592 395 50

10 Pendimethalin 455 475 -4

11 Mecoprop-P 407 421 -3

12 Fenpropimorph 348 383 -9

13 Carbendazim 279 296 -6

14 Mecoprop 258 426 -39

15 Tebuconazole 194 165 18

16 Metamitron 185 240 -23

17 Metazachlor 169 111 52

18 Fenpropidin 167 327 -49

19 Metaldehyde 141 121 17

20 Flusilazole 139 171 -19

21 Epoxiconazole 138 55 149

22 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid 131 59 124

23 Dimethoate 129 99 30

24 Diquat 114 70 62

25 Gamma-HCH 114 76 49

26 Simazine 111 106 5

27 Fluroxypyr 111 112 -1

28 Prochloraz 109 154 -29

29 MCPA 106 138 -23

30 Terbutryn 102 101 1

31 Chloridazon 100 100 0

32 Chlorotoluron 97 265 -63

33 Cyprodinil 91 .

34 Phenmedipham 91 91 0

35 Bitertanol 89 75 18

36 Azoxystrobin 86 .

37 Mepiquat 79 68 15

38 Tridemorph 79 140 -44

39 Bromoxynil 73 86 -16

40 Diflufenican 72 69 6

41 Maneb 71 152 -53

42 Propyzamide 70 63 11

43 Fentin hydroxide 69 21 232

44 Cyanazine 64 42 54

45 Kresoxim-methyl 64 .

46 Paraquat 61 69 -11

47 Linuron 61 72 -16

48 Oxamyl 60 29 108

49 Propiconazole 57 75 -23

50 Propamocarb hydrochloride 57 20 189


PESTICIDE USAGE ON CEREALS

Wheat (Table 9)

Wheat crops received on average three fungicide sprays, two herbicide sprays, one growth regulator spray and one

insecticide spray (Table 4a). Fungicides accounted for 37% of the total pesticide treated area of wheat, herbicides 30%,

growth regulators 12%, insecticides 10% and seed treatments 9%. However, herbicides accounted for 51% of the total

weight of pesticide active substances applied, growth regulators 24%, fungicides 18%, insecticides 2%, seed treatments

2% and sulphur for 2%.

The majority of fungicide sprays used have a broad spectrum of activity and as such were generally used to control

more than one disease. The most extensively used formulations by area treated were epoxiconazole, chlorothalonil,

bitertanol/fuberidazole (as a seed treatment), azoxystrobin and tebuconazole. Many fungicides were applied as

products containing mixed formulations of more than one active substance. Consequently the most extensively used

foliar fungicide active substances were, in descending order, epoxiconazole, tebuconazole, chlorothalonil,

fenpropimorph, kresoxim-methyl, cyproconazole and azoxystrobin.

Whilst the majority of herbicide usage was for general weed control the most troublesome individual weeds according

to farmers’ reasons were black-grass, wild oats and cleavers. Where reasons were specified treatments for all broad-

leaved weeds were used on 35% of the area and on 29% of the area for grass weeds. The most extensively used

formulations were isoproturon, diflufenican/isoproturon, fluroxypyr, metsulfuron-methyl, mecoprop-P and fenoxaprop-

ethyl. Again many herbicides were also applied as product formulations, in particular isoproturon, which in all

formulations was used on 37% of the total herbicide treated area of wheat, principally in England & Wales.

Chlormequat used alone accounted for 56% of the total area of wheat treated with growth regulators and was used on

81% of the treated area in all formulations.

Aphids, especially as vectors of barley yellow dwarf virus in the autumn, were the principal pests of wheat and the

control of these accounted for 69% of the area treated with foliar insecticide sprays where a reason was specified.

Control of wheat bulb fly accounted for a further 8%. The most extensively used insecticides throughout the year were

cypermethrin (applied to 49% of the insecticide treated area), dimethoate (14%), lambda-cyhalothrin (14%) and

esfenvalerate (5%).

Seed treatments accounted for 9% of all pesticide applications. Gamma-HCH accounted for 62% of insecticidal seed

treatments, fonofos 33%, tefluthrin 3% and chlorfenvinphos the remainder.

Molluscicides accounted for only 1% of all pesticide applications. Metaldehyde was used on 73% of this area,

methiocarb on 24% and thiodicarb on less than 3%.


Winter barley (Table 10)

Winter barley crops received on average two fungicide sprays, two herbicide sprays, one growth regulator spray and

one insecticide (Table 4a). Fungicides accounted for 34% of the total pesticide treated area of winter barley, herbicides

30%, growth regulators 13% seed treatments 12%, and insecticides 10%. However, herbicides accounted for 58% of

the total weight of pesticide active substances applied, growth regulators 22%, fungicides 17%, seed treatments 2%,

sulphur 1% and insecticides less than 1%.

The majority of fungicides were applied as part of a programme of broad-spectrum disease control. Flusilazole,

fenpropimorph, epoxiconazole, carbendazim, carbendazim/flusilazole and cyprodinil were the most extensively used

foliar applied formulations. The most extensively used fungicide seed treatment was tebuconazole/triazoxide

accounting for 70% of the fungicide seed treatment total. As a result of the use of formulated products the most

extensively used foliar fungicide active substances were fenpropimorph (used on 27% of the fungicide treated area),

flusilazole (25%), carbendazim (16%), epoxiconazole (12%) and tridemorph (12%).

Isoproturon, diflufenican/isoproturon, isoproturon/pendimethalin, fluroxypyr, isoproturon/pendimethalin, metsulfuron-

methyl and mecoprop-P were the most extensively used herbicide formulations on winter barley. Indeed formulations

containing isoproturon were used on 49% of the total herbicide treated area, although its usage was limited in Scotland.

Other extensively used herbicide active substances included diflufenican (used on 20% of the herbicide treated area),

pendimethalin (10%), fluroxypyr (7%), mecoprop-P (6%) and metsulfuron-methyl (6%).

Chlormequat, used alone, accounted for 42% of the area of winter barley treated with growth regulators whilst

trinexapac-ethyl accounted for 20%.

Control of aphids and barley yellow dwarf virus were the principal reasons for using insecticides and, where reasons

were given, 86% of the insecticide sprayed area was treated for these pests. Cypermethrin accounted for 65% of the

total insecticide sprayed area whilst lambda-cyhalothrin (16%), esfenvalerate (10%), deltamethrin (2%) and zeta-

cypermethrin (1%) were also used extensively.

Gamma-HCH was the only insecticidal seed treatment recorded, used on 3% of the total seed treatment area. The

major seed treatment, tebuconazole/triazoxide, accounted for 64% of the seed treatment area. Other important

fungicidal seed treatments were guazatine/imazalil (6%), ethirimol/flutriafol/thiabendazole, used on 6% of the

fungicide seed treatment area, fuberidazole/triadimenol (4%), tebuconazole alone (4%), guazatine alone (3%) and

fludioxonil alone (3%).

There was only limited usage of molluscicides, of which metaldehyde accounted for 73%.


Spring barley (Table 11)

Spring barley crops received on average two fungicide sprays and one herbicide spray (Table 4a). Herbicides

accounted for 39% of the total pesticide treated area of spring barley, fungicides 37%, seed treatments 19%,

insecticides 2% and growth regulators 2%. Herbicides however, accounted for 57% of the total weight of pesticide

active substances applied, fungicides 25%, sulphur 9%, seed treatments 4%, growth regulators 3% and insecticides 2%.

Whilst most fungicides were applied to achieve control of a broad spectrum of diseases, Rhynchosporium was quoted

as the single most troublesome disease of spring barley according to farmers, accounting for 14% of the foliar treated

area where a reason was specified. Flusilazole, fenpropimorph, carbendazim, propiconazole and tridemorph were the

most extensively used fungicide active substances applied as sprays. The most extensively used fungicide seed

treatment formulations were tebuconazole/triazoxide, guazatine, guazatine/imazalil, tebuconazole and

ethirimol/flutriafol/thiabendazole.

The most extensively used herbicide active substances, principally for general weed control, were metsulfuron-methyl

(used on 29% of the herbicide treated area), mecoprop-P (21%), bromoxynil (17%), ioxynil (16%), thifensulfuron-

methyl (14%) and MCPA (8%).

The use of the growth regulator, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, in all formulations, accounted for 45% of the area of

spring barley treated with growth regulators. Chlormequat, used alone or in mixtures, accounted for a further 38%,

mepiquat, 22% and trinexapac-ethyl 19%.

Cypermethrin accounted for the largest area treated with insecticides (32%). Gamma-HCH, used mainly as a seed

treatment, accounted for a further 30% while chlorpyrifos (14%) was also used extensively.

There was only limited use of molluscicides.


Oats (Table 12)

Oat crops received on average one herbicide spray, one fungicide spray and one growth regulator spray (Table 4a).

Herbicides accounted for 32% of the total pesticide treated area, fungicides 26%, seed treatments 16%, growth

regulators 16% and insecticides 9%. By weight growth regulators accounted for 42% of the total amount of active

substances applied, herbicides 31%, fungicides 14%, sulphur 9% and seed treatments 4%.

Where reasons were given, around 68% of herbicide usage was for the control of broad-leaved weeds or for general

weed control (27%). The most extensively used herbicide active substances were metsulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuron-

methyl, mecoprop-P, carfentrazone-ethyl, and terbutryn.

Bitertanol/fuberidazole was the most extensively used fungicide seed treatment, being used on 49% of the fungicide

seed treated area, with carboxin/thiram being used on 18%, guazatine on 12% and fludioxonil on 9%. The most

extensively used fungicide active substances were fenpropimorph (used on 37% of the foliar fungicide treated area),

tridemorph (25%), triadimenol (16%) and cyproconazole (12%).

Chlormequat alone accounted for 56% of the area of oats treated with growth regulators and for 92% in all

formulations.

Cypermethrin alone accounted for 57% of the foliar insecticide treated area of oats, with lambda-cyhalothrin being used

on 28% of the area, deltamethrin on 7% and esfenvalerate on 5%. Gamma-HCH, applied solely as a seed treatment,

was used on 2% of the total insecticide treated area.

Use of molluscicides was minimal.


Rye (Table 13)

Approximately two-thirds of all rye was grown in Eastern Region (47%) or South Eastern Region (21%) (Table 1). On

average rye was treated with two herbicides, one fungicide and one growth regulator (Table 4a). Fungicides accounted

for 35% of the total pesticide treated area of rye, herbicides 29%, growth regulators 16% and insecticides 8%. In

contrast, herbicides accounted for 45% by weight of all pesticides applied, growth regulators 32% and fungicides 19%.

Fuberidazole/triadimenol and bitertanol/fuberidazole were the only seed treatments recorded. The use of tebuconazole

as a foliar spray accounted for 27% of the fungicide sprayed area, while epoxiconazole and fenpropimorph comprised a

further 16% and 14% respectively.

The active substances diflufenican (used on 25% of the herbicide treated area), isoproturon (21%), metsulfuron-methyl

(15%), trifluralin (13%) and pendimethalin (8%) accounted for much of the herbicide treated area of rye.

Chlormequat alone or in mixtures accounted for 64% of the area treated with growth regulators and 2-chloroethyl-

phosphonic acid/mepiquat for a further 23%.

Usage of insecticides was limited, cypermethrin accounting for 70% of this use. There was no recorded use of

molluscicides or repellents.


Triticale (Table 14)

Growth regulators accounted for 27% of the total pesticide treated area of triticale, herbicides 26%, seed treatments

19%, fungicides 19% and insecticides 9%.

Chlormequat alone or in mixtures accounted for 80% of the area of triticale treated with growth regulators, the

remainder being 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat or trinexapac-ethyl.

Diflufenican/isoproturon accounted for 33% of the herbicide treated area, isoproturon/pendimethalin for 13%,

pendimethalin for 11% and metsulfuron-methyl (11%). Diflufenican alone or in mixtures accounted for 35% of the

herbicide treated area, isoproturon for 16%.

The most extensively used fungicide as a foliar spray was cyproconazole/prochloraz accounting for 24% of the foliar

fungicide treated area. Other important formulations used as foliar sprays included epoxiconazole (18%),

fenpropimorph/flusilazole/tridemorph (18%), and tebuconazole (16%). Bitertanol/fuberidazole, fludioxonil and

guazatine were used widely as seed treatments.

Cypermethrin was the most widely used insecticide accounting for 82% of the insecticide treated area.

There was no recorded use of molluscicides.


PESTICIDE USAGE ON OILSEEDS

Oilseed rape (Table 15)

Oilseed rape crops received on average two herbicide sprays, two fungicide sprays and one insecticide spray (Table 4a).

Herbicides accounted for 31% of the total pesticide treated area of oilseed rape, fungicides 29%, insecticides 19%, seed

treatments 14%, molluscicides 4%, sulphur 2% and growth regulators 1%. In contrast, herbicides accounted for 46%

of the total weight of pesticide active substances applied, fungicides 23%, sulphur 19%, molluscicides 4%, growth

regulators 3%, seed treatments 2% and insecticides 1%.

Six active substances accounted for the bulk of herbicide usage: metazachlor (20%), mainly for control of broad-leaved

weeds, glyphosate (12%) for general weed control prior to drilling, propaquizafop (12%) for grass weed and cereal

volunteer control, fluazifop-P-butyl (12%) principally to control grass weeds and cereal volunteers, propyzamide (9%)

for general weed control and trifluralin (7%) again for general weed control.

As with cereals most fungicide usage was for general disease control, whilst light leaf spot was the single most

frequently cited disease according to the growers, accounting for 27% of the total foliar fungicide treated area where a

reason was specified. Carbendazim alone accounted for 24% of the total fungicide treated area of oilseed rape and for

47% in all formulations. The active substances flusilazole, tebuconazole, iprodione and thiophanate-methyl were also

extensively used foliar applications.

Cabbage stem flea beetle, pollen beetle, aphids, pod midge and cabbage seed weevil were the main pests of concern to

growers. Three active substances accounted for almost ninety percent of the insecticide treated area of oilseed rape:

cypermethrin (53%), lambda-cyhalothrin (17%) and alpha-cypermethrin (15%).

Usage of molluscicides was limited, with metaldehyde (77%), methiocarb (20%) and thiodicarb (3%) accounting for all

slug bait usage.

The seed treatment formulations, fenpropimorph/gamma-HCH/thiram, carboxin/gamma-HCH/thiram, iprodione and

gamma-HCH/thiram accounted for 46%, 19%, 13% and 12% of the seed treatment area respectively.


Linseed & flax (Table 16)

Throughout the report, treatments to linseed and flax are grouped together under the general name of linseed.

Herbicides accounted for 63% of the total pesticide treated area of linseed, seed treatments 20%, fungicides 11%,

insecticides 4%, growth regulators 1%, sulphur and molluscicides less than 1%.

The most extensively used herbicides on linseed crops were metsulfuron-methyl, used primarily for broad-leaved weed

control, glyphosate used as a desiccant and as a pre-drilling application, amidosulfuron mainly for broad-leaved weed

control and diquat used principally as a desiccant. Other extensively used herbicide active substances, mainly for

general weed control, were bromoxynil, cycloxydim and clopyralid.

The most extensively used seed treatment formulation, carboxin/gamma-HCH/thiram, was used on 40% of the seed

treatment area. Other important formulations included prochloraz on 19% of the seed treatment area, gamma-

HCH/thiram on 10%, and fenpropimorph/gamma-HCH/thiram on 10%.

Usage of fungicide sprays was limited although carbendazim accounted for 45% of the foliar fungicide treated area,

tebuconazole for 34% and chlorothalonil 11%.

Insecticide usage was also relatively limited and cypermethrin, used mainly to control flax flea beetles, accounted for

51% of the treated area. Lambda-cyhalothrin, also used for the same reason, was recorded on a further 27% of the

treated area. Around 61% of the crop received an insecticidal seed treatment, which reduced the requirement for

subsequent sprays.


PESTICIDE USAGE ON POTATOES

Ware Potatoes (Table 17)

Fungicides, applied principally for the control of late blight, accounted for 64% of the total pesticide treated area of

ware potato crops, herbicides 16%, insecticides 7%, molluscicides 5% and sulphuric acid 3%. In contrast, sulphuric

acid accounted for 84% of the total weight of pesticide active substances applied, fungicides 11%, herbicides 2%,

insecticides 1%, seed treatments, growth regulators, molluscicides and sulphur less than 1%.

Ware potato crops were treated on average nine times with a fungicide (Table 4a). Dithiocarbamate compounds in all

formulations were applied to approximately 53% of the total foliar fungicide treated area of potatoes whilst fentin

compounds were applied to 21%. The most extensively used foliar fungicide formulations were fluazinam (25% of the

fungicide treated area), cymoxanil/mancozeb (18%), fentin hydroxide (18%), cymoxanil/mancozeb/oxadixyl (8%),

mancozeb (8%) and dimethomorph/mancozeb (7%). Furthermore, mancozeb was applied to 49% of the foliar

fungicide treated area when considering all formulations used.

Ware potato crops received on average two herbicide sprays. The most extensively used herbicide formulations,

principally for general weed control, were metribuzin (18% of the herbicide treated area), diquat/paraquat (17%),

diquat (11%), linuron (10%) and paraquat (9%).

Diquat was the herbicide most extensively used as a desiccant, while the principal desiccant was sulphuric acid, which

was used on approximately 72% of the desiccant treated area. Sulphuric acid was applied at an average rate in excess

of 142 kg active substance per hectare whilst diquat was applied at an average rate of less than 0.6 kg/ha.

Ware potato crops were treated on average with one insecticide spray. Pirimicarb was the most extensively used

insecticide for the control of aphids and accounted for 31% of the total insecticide treated area of ware potatoes. Other

foliar applied insecticides used extensively for the control of aphids were lambda-cyhalothrin (used on 13% of the

insecticide treated area) and cypermethrin (12%). Aldicarb, oxamyl and fosthiazate were used for the control of

nematodes.

Methiocarb accounted for 49% of the total molluscicide treated area, metaldehyde for 32% and thiodicarb for 19%.

There was only limited usage of the growth regulator maleic hydrazide.


Seed Potatoes (Table 18)

This section refers mainly to those crops grown in Scotland and designated as crops intended for seed production in the

June census (Anon., 1999b). Fungicides accounted for 43% of the total pesticide treated area of seed potatoes,

insecticides 29%, herbicides 11%, sulphuric acid 9% and molluscicides 2%. In contrast, sulphuric acid accounted for

approximately 96% of the total weight of pesticide active substances applied, fungicides 2%, herbicides 1% with

insecticides, seed treatments, molluscicides and sulphur less than 1%.

Seed potato crops were treated on average seven times with a fungicide for the control of blight (Table 4a), one less

sprays than ware potato crops, reflecting perhaps the lower disease pressure and earlier harvesting in Scottish seed

crops. Fluazinam accounted for 31% of the total foliar fungicide treated area of seed potatoes, fentin hydroxide 16%,

cymoxanil/mancozeb 15% and mancozeb alone 13%. Mancozeb was used on 47% of the total fungicide treated area

when considering all formulations. Furthermore, dithiocarbamate compounds were applied to approximately 51% of

the total fungicide treated area of seed potatoes whilst fentin compounds were applied to 20%.

On average seed potato crops were treated four times with an insecticide principally to control aphids and to restrict the

spread of virus diseases, whilst ware crops received on average of only one insecticide treatment (Table 4a). The most

extensively used insecticide formulations were pirimicarb, used on 34% of the total insecticide treated area, lambda-

cyhalothrin 22% and cypermethrin 10%.

Two herbicides accounted for approximately 79% of the total herbicide treated area of seed potatoes, principally for the

control of broad-leaved weeds: linuron (40%) and paraquat (39%).

Sulphuric acid was the principal desiccant used whilst a limited area was treated with diquat for the purpose of

desiccation.

There was only limited use of molluscicides.


PESTICIDE USAGE ON PEAS & BEANS

Peas (Table 19)

Herbicides accounted for 41% of the pesticide treated area but 59% of the weight of active substances used whilst

insecticides accounted for 24% of the treated area but only 5% of the weight. Fungicides accounted for 23% of the

total pesticide treated area of peas and 31% of the total weight of active substances applied.

The most extensively used herbicides, largely for general weed control including pre-drilling applications, were

cyanazine (19% of the herbicide treated area), glyphosate (13%), cycloxydim (9%), diquat (7%) and propaquizafop

(6%). Diquat, which accounted for 7% of the herbicide treated area, was used principally for crop desiccation.

Four insecticides, principally for the control of aphids, pea moth and pea and bean weevil, accounted for approximately

86% of the total insecticide treated area: cypermethrin (31%), pirimicarb (29%), dimethoate (15%) and lambda-

cyhalothrin (11%).

Three fungicides, used as foliar sprays, accounted for 80% of the total foliar fungicide treated area of peas:

chlorothalonil (38%), carbendazim/chlorothalonil (25%), carbendazim (17%). Fungicide seed treatments accounted for

32% of the total fungicide treated area and the most extensively used seed treatment was thiram used on 80% of the

seed treatment area.

Beans (Table 20)

Fungicides accounted for 51% of the total pesticide treated area of beans, herbicides 31% and insecticides 15%.

According to growers the single most important disease of beans was chocolate spot caused by Botrytis fabae. The

most extensively used foliar applied fungicides were chlorothalonil (40% of the total fungicide treated area),

carbendazim (30%) and tebuconazole (9%).

Simazine accounted for 46% of the total herbicide treated area. Other extensively used herbicides included glyphosate,

cycloxydim and bentazone.

Four insecticides accounted for approximately 87% of the total insecticide treated area of beans: cypermethrin (36%),

deltamethrin (24%), pirimicarb (14%) and lambda-cyhalothrin (13%).

Almost 90% of the area of beans grown in Great Britain was sown without any seed treatment.


PESTICIDE USAGE ON SUGAR BEET (Table 21)

Herbicides accounted for 64% of the total pesticide treated area of sugar beet, seed treatments 24%, insecticides 5%,

fungicides 4%, sulphur 4% and molluscicides less than one percent.

On average sugar beet crops were treated on four occasions with a herbicide reflecting the standard practice of repeat

low dose spraying for weed control (Table 4a). The most extensively used herbicide formulations were

phenmedipham, metamitron, triflusulfuron-methyl, desmedipham/ethofumesate/phenmedipham, lenacil and clopyralid.

Furthermore, including all formulations, three active substances accounted for the majority of the total herbicide treated

area of sugar beet: phenmedipham (34%), ethofumesate (21%) and metamitron (18%).

Three insecticides accounted for 73% of the total insecticide treated area of sugar beet: imidacloprid (55%) applied as a

seed treatment, pirimicarb (11%) and cypermethrin (8%) both applied as a spray. Aphid control was the reason most

commonly specified for insecticide application, the use of imidacloprid as a seed treatment was used mainly for the

control of a variety of invertebrate pests including flea and pygmy beetles, millipedes, symphylids and springtails.

Cyproconazole, was used extensively to control powdery mildew and other diseases and comprised over two thirds of

the fungicide treated area.

The use of sulphur, again for powdery mildew control, was extensive, accounting for 4% of all pesticide applications.

Usage of molluscicides was limited.


PESTICIDE USAGE ON SET-ASIDE (Table 22)

Set-aside land can be split into three main areas, industrial crops occupying 13.2% of the total area, grass/short term

crops occupying 21.8% and natural regeneration, occupying the remaining 65% of set-aside land. Herbicides

accounted for 58% of the total pesticide treated area, fungicides for 15%, insecticides for 13%, seed treatments 11%

and growth regulators, sulphur and molluscicides approximately 1% each. Herbicides comprised 81% of the total

weight of all pesticides applied to set-aside land, sulphur 8% and growth regulators 2%.

The most extensively used herbicide formulation was glyphosate, being applied to 58% of the total sprayed area and

used mainly for total vegetation control in naturally regenerated set-aside. Other formulations included metazachlor,

used on 5% of the area, trifluralin on 5%, diquat on 4%, propaquizafop on 4%, metsulfuron-methyl on 3% and

fluazifop-P-butyl on 3% of the area, all predominantly used on industrial oilseed crops.

Usage of fungicides was confined mainly to industrial oilseed rape, which accounted for 97% of the total fungicide

treated area, and to industrial linseed, which received a further 3%. Carbendazim alone was the most common of the

foliar fungicides, accounting for 21% of the total treated area and 41% in mixtures. Usage of tebuconazole was also

high, accounting for a further 20% of the fungicide treated area, carbendazim/flusilazole for another 17%, iprodione

used both as a foliar spray and a seed treatment for 11% and iprodione/thiophanate-methyl for 10%.

Insecticide usage was again confined mainly to industrial oilseed rape and industrial linseed, accounting for 92% and

5% of usage respectively. Cypermethrin was used on 57% of the total insecticide treated area, lambda-cyhalothrin on

14% and pirimicarb on 10%.

Usage of sulphur for disease control was confined to industrial oilseed rape.

By area treated, metaldehyde accounted for 82% of the molluscicides used, thiodicarb for 16% and methiocarb the

remainder.

There was minimal use of growth regulators, however chlormequat alone accounted for 65% of the treated area and in

mixtures was used on the whole of the growth regulator treated area.



COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS SURVEYS

Areas of crops grown (Table 23)

The total area of arable farm crops grown in Great Britain, excluding set-aside, in 1998 had increased by 6% since 1996

but if set-aside is included, there has only been a 2% increase since 1996. The introduction and changes in the

requirements of obligatory set-aside since the 1992 survey have artificially influenced and caused fluctuations in the

areas of arable crops grown during the last decade.

The treated area of all arable crops including set-aside increased by 12% since 1996, while the weight applied actually

decreased by 1%. The contrast between the area treated and the weight applied reflects the now common practice of

reduced rate application of fungicides and herbicides and the introduction of new products active at much lower rates of

application than those they are replacing.

The area of cereals increased by 2% since 1996 in part due to the reduction in set-aside obligations. However, the area

of spring barley grown had actually decreased by 7% since 1996, in contrast to 1996 when it had shown an increase of

9% over the area grown in 1994. The area of all other cereals increased, wheat by 3%, winter barley by 3%, oats by

1% and other cereals (rye and triticale), by 32%.

The area of oilseed rape grown in 1998 was 46% higher than the area grown in 1988, and 42% higher than in 1996,

reversing the downward trend in the area grown seen since 1992. The area of linseed and flax, which increased rapidly

between 1988 and 1994 (no linseed or flax was recorded in 1982) fell in 1994 to almost a third of the area grown in

1992. However, the area had dramatically increased by 76% since 1996, possibly due to the increased gross margin

associated with flax.

Following the 9% increase in the area of potatoes grown between 1994 and 1996, the area grown in 1998 actually

decreased by 6% since 1996. This follows the removal of the quota system originally managed by the Potato

Marketing Board, allowing growers now to decide their own area of potatoes planted and may also reflect the variation

in potato prices encountered after harvest.

The area of pulses grown in 1998 had increased by 18% since 1996 but decreased by the same amount between 1988

and 1998.

Sugar beet was only grown in England & Wales where the area grown in 1998 was 5% lower than in 1996, 3% lower

than in 1994 and 7% lower than in 1988.


CEREALS (Table 24)

The 2% increase in the area of cereals grown in Great Britain in 1998 compared with 1996 was due in part to the

changes in set-aside obligations. There was, however, a 11% increase in the total pesticide treated area but a less than

1% decrease in the amount of active substances applied. The disparity in the relative increases in the amount applied

and area treated was partly due to an increase in the area of cereals treated with fungicides at rates lower than those

recommended by the manufacturer.

Longer term reductions in the weight of pesticides applied are additionally due to the introduction of new products

active at much lower rates of application and to growers applying fungicides and herbicides at reduced rates per

hectare. For example, metsulfuron-methyl, applied to around 500,000 hectares of wheat for broad-leaved weed control,

was applied at an average rate of 4.4 grams/ha. In 1988, the principal broad-leaved weed herbicide applied to wheat

was mecoprop, applied at an average of 2.2 kg/ha to 760,000 ha. The average rate of application of individual

fungicide products to wheat in 1998 was 0.49 of the label recommendation. However, the overall dose of fungicide is

likely to be higher because of tank mixing. On average tank-mixes to wheat comprised two fungicide products per

spray (Tables 4a & b). In 1988 the average rate of application of individual fungicide products was 0.94.

The area of cereals treated with insecticides in 1998 was 9% more (243,613 ha) than in 1996, 63% higher (1,147,992

ha) than in 1994 and more than double (1,669,468 ha) the area recorded in 1988. However, there has been a 24%

reduction in the weight of insecticide active substances applied over the last decade, mainly due to a reduction in the

use of organophosphates. In 1994, there had been extensive control of orange wheat blossom midge with

organophosphates during the summer. This did not occur in either 1996 or in 1998 and the weight of insecticides

applied in 1998 was 45% less than in 1994. Cypermethrin was the most extensively used insecticide on all cereal crops

in 1998. Usage of organophosphate insecticides increased by 27% between 1996 and 1998, in particular usage of

dimethoate and chlorpyrifos increased by 36% and 15% respectively.

There had been a 5% increase (608,935 ha) in the fungicide treated area of cereals but a 16% decrease in the total

amount of active substances applied, reflecting a continued development of the trend for farmers to apply fungicide

products at reduced rates, as mentioned above. Usage of the top five foliar fungicides changed only slightly between

1996 and 1998, with three active substances remaining in both lists. In 1996, chlorothalonil was the most used active

substance, followed by carbendazim, fenpropimorph, flusilazole and fenpropidin. In 1998 the most used foliar

fungicide active substances were epoxiconazole, fenpropimorph, tebuconazole, chlorothalonil and flusilazole. The

newly introduced strobilurins, kresoxim-methyl and azoxystrobin were seventh and ninth most frequently applied foliar

fungicides. The most commonly used fungicide seed treatments in 1998 were fuberidazole, bitertanol, tebuconazole,

trioxide and fludioxonil.

There was a 13% increase (1,176,794 ha) in the area treated with herbicides since 1996 but only a 4% increase in the

amount of active substances applied. The disparity in the two figures is in part due to the increased use of the

sulfonylurea herbicides metsulfuron-methyl, amidosulfuron and thifensulfuron-methyl, all applied at low rates of

application and all three appearing in the principal 20 herbicides applied to cereals. Usage of metsulfuron-methyl

increased by 10% and amidosulfuron usage more than doubled. Usage of the two principal herbicides applied to

cereals, isoproturon and diflufenican, also increased by 15% and 19% respectively. The area treated with herbicides

over the last decade has increased by 25%, whereas the weight applied has decreased by 33% over the same period.


OILSEED RAPE (Table 25)

Between 1988 and 1998 the area of oilseed rape grown in Great Britain had increased by 46% but the total weight of

pesticides applied increased by only 5%. The area grown in 1998 was 42% higher than in 1996 and 25% higher than in

1994 reversing the decline in the oilseed rape area grown which started in 1992. In line with the increase in the areas

grown between 1996 and 1998 there were corresponding increases of 53% in the pesticide treated area and 46% in the

weight applied.

There have been major changes in the spectrum of products applied to oilseed rape between 1988 and 1998 which

contribute to the disparity between the area treated and the weight applied. In 1988 TCA, although not a major

herbicide, was applied to oilseed rape at a recommended rate of 14 kg/ha and accounted for 36% of the weight of

herbicides applied. In the current survey, the principal herbicide was metazachlor, applied to 145,000 ha at an average

rate of 0.7 kg/ha. In addition the weight of organophosphate insecticides applied in 1998 declined to 5% of the quantity

applied in 1988.

The area treated with insecticides was 29% higher (157,469 ha) than in 1996 whilst there was a 42% increase in the

weight of active substances used. This apparent anomaly was due to an increased area treated with organophosphates

and carbamates, which are applied at relatively higher rates than other insecticides, in particular pyrethroids. Other

than cypermethrin, usage of which had increased by 30%, the major foliar applied insecticides were lambda-

cyhalothrin, alpha-cypermethrin and deltamethrin.

Fungicide usage increased by 424,613 hectares, 60%, between 1996 and 1998 but the weight increased by only 19%

over the same period, reflecting the use of low dose applications and the use of fungicidal seed treatments. Between

1988 and 1998 the fungicide treated area more than doubled, increasing by 714,695 hectares. Usage of carbendazim,

the most popular foliar fungicide, was 55% higher than in 1996. Other commonly used foliar applied active substances

in 1998 included flusilazole, tebuconazole and iprodione.

Molluscicide usage was 85% higher, (61,772 ha), than in 1996. In line with the change in area treated the weight

applied was 75% more than in the previous survey.

There was a 60% increase (438,198 ha) in the herbicide treated area compared with 1996. In line with the increase in

the area treated there was a 78% increase in the weight of herbicide active substances applied. Usage of metazachlor,

the principal herbicide active substance used in 1998, had increased by 74% since 1996. The other commonly used

active substances were glyphosate, usage of which more than tripled over the same period, propaquizafop increasing by

56%, fluazifop-P-butyl, increasing by 58% and propyzamide increasing by 16%.

Usage of growth regulators, and in particular chlormequat continued to rise, increasing by 69% in terms of area treated

since 1996.

Usage of seed treatments increased in line with the rise in areas grown.


LINSEED & FLAX (Table 26)

The area of linseed and flax grown in 1998 was 76% higher than in 1996 and almost double that recorded in 1994.

Winter linseed increased from 6% of the area grown in 1996 to 24% of the area grown in 1998.

The total pesticide treated area was more than double that recorded in 1996, increasing by 253,287 hectares, with much

of this being due to an increase in the area grown.

Usage of herbicides was more than double in terms of area treated, as was the weight applied. Metsulfuron-methyl

continued to be the most commonly applied herbicide as it was in 1996.

The insecticide treated area was 23% greater in 1998 than in 1996. However the use of organochlorines, used at

relatively high rates of application, for flax flea beetle control, was 92% less than in 1996 resulting in the total weight

of all insecticides applied in 1998 being less than half that used in the previous survey. Cypermethrin continued to be

the major insecticide applied in both years, with the use of gamma-HCH declining by 92% since 1996. Usage of

lambda-cyhalothrin increased by more than five times over the same period.

Usage of fungicides continued to increase with the area treated increasing from 11,230 hectares in 1996 to 61,942

hectares in 1998. In 1998 the most commonly used foliar fungicides were carbendazim and tebuconazole, in 1996 they

were carbendazim, chlorothalonil and iprodione, whereas in 1994 they were iprodione, chlorothalonil, benomyl and

thiophanate-methyl.


POTATOES (Table 27)

The area of potatoes grown in 1998 was 6% less than in 1996, however the total pesticide treated area increased by

10% whereas the total weight applied decreased by 4%. The decrease in the area grown, and the regular annual

fluctuation in the areas grown, was due to the removal of the quota system in 1996 and the ability of growers to

determine their own planting areas. The discrepancy between the decrease in the area grown and the increase in the

area treated is due mainly to an increase in the fungicide treated area between 1998, in response to the very wet summer

and consequent continued threat from potato blight.

The insecticide and nematicide treated area of potatoes in 1998 was 52% less (253,104 ha) than in 1996 but 66% more

than that recorded in 1988. In line with the decrease in the area treated between 1996 and 1998 the total weight applied

decreased by 67%. Pirimicarb was the most important insecticide recorded in both 1996 and 1998 respectively

accounting for 29% and 32% of the insecticide and nematicide treated area in each year.

The fungicide treated area of potatoes was 39% more (438,683 ha) than in 1996 and 89% greater (734,372 ha) than in

1988, largely as the result of increased applications for the control of late blight. The dithiocarbamate compounds were

consistently the most extensively used fungicides followed by the fentin compounds. The major three active

substances in terms of area treated in 1994 were mancozeb, cymoxanil and maneb. In 1996 and 1998, maneb had been

replaced by fluazinam as the third most frequently used active substance.

The herbicide treated area of potatoes was 1% more (4,787 ha) than in 1996 but 51% greater (135,457 ha) than in 1988.

Paraquat, diquat, metribuzin and linuron remained the most extensively used herbicides in 1994, 1996 and 1998, with

diquat appearing at number three in 1994.

There was a 6% decrease (5,153 ha) in the use of the desiccant sulphuric acid between 1996 and 1998 with a

corresponding decrease of 3% of the weight applied over the same period.

Molluscicide usage increased by 48% (34,954 ha) between 1996 and 1998 and by almost three times (69,091 ha) since

1988.


PULSES (Table 28)

The area of pulses grown increased by 18% (32,856 ha) between 1996 and 1998, but decreased by 18% (47,505 ha)

since 1988, possibly due to the move to alternative break crops such as linseed and oilseed rape. In line with the

increased area grown between 1996 and 1998 the pesticide treated area increased by 24% and the amount of pesticide

applied by 21%. Although the pesticide treated area had increased by 39% since 1988 the weight applied actually

decreased by 2% over the same period.

The fungicide treated area was 51% (165,828 ha) more than in 1996, mainly due to a 36% increase in the usage of

chlorothalonil. Chlorothalonil and carbendazim were the major foliar fungicides applied in both years.

There was a 0.2 % increase (531 ha) in the insecticide treated area compared with 1996 and a 58% increase (99,368 ha)

since 1988. Cypermethrin and pirimicarb remained the principal two insecticides used on pulses in 1994, 1996 and

1998. Whilst usage of cypermethrin decreased by 35% the use of pirimicarb more than doubled between 1996 and

1998.

The herbicide treated area increased by 19% (81,376 ha) compared with 1996, continuing the trend started in 1988,

over which period it has increased by 23%. Simazine, cyanazine, MCPB and bentazone have remained in the top five

herbicides used in 1994, 1996 and 1998. Usage of glyphosate as a pre-drilling application more than doubled between

1996 and 1998.


SUGAR BEET (Table 33)

The area of sugar beet grown over the last decade has remained relatively constant because of the quota requirements

set by British Sugar. However the area grown in 1998 was 5% less than that grown in 1996 and 7% less than in 1988.

Over the last decade the total area treated increased by 71% whilst the weight of active substances applied had

decreased by 35% reflecting the move towards lower application rates and more active molecules.

The usage of fungicides, including sulphur, mainly for powdery mildew control, almost doubled between 1996 and

1998, but the area treated has increased by over twenty times since 1988. The weight of fungicides applied increased

by only 4% between 1996 and 1998, reflecting a move away from the predominant use of sulphur, which is applied at a

relatively high rate, toward the conazole fungicides including cyproconazole, fenbuconazole and tebuconazole. The

principal fungicidal compound used in 1994, 1996 and 1998 was still sulphur, however cyproconazole replaced

propiconazole as the second most important fungicide in 1998.

There was a 4% decrease (58,630 ha) in the herbicide treated area between 1996 and 1998 in line with the reduction in

the area grown. The top three herbicide active substances in 1994, 1996 and 1998 remained unchanged with

phenmedipham, ethofumesate and metamitron being the most commonly used.

The total treated area of insecticides decreased by 64% (142,782 ha) between 1996 and 1998 reflecting the reduced risk

from the silver y moth, Autographa gamma, one of the most important insect pests in 1996. In 1998 the principal

insecticide used was pirimicarb predominantly for aphid control, in 1996 cypermethrin was the principal insecticide

used to control silver y moth caterpillars.

The use of imidacloprid as an insecticidal seed treatment in 1996 was over three times greater than in 1994 and was

used on 72% of all sugar beet grown in 1996. In 1998 the area treated with imidacloprid had increased by 59%,

whereas the area treated with tefluthrin continued to decrease from its peak in 1994.

In 1998 the area treated with molluscicides, and in particular metaldehyde, was 61% less than in 1996.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks are due to all of the growers who willingly participated in this survey, providing invaluable information upon

which this report is based. Many thanks are also due to Annabelle Banham, Julie Bankes, Sean Crawford, Maureen

McCreath, Christian Skeels, Jeremy Snowden and Louis Thomas for their role in collecting the data, Gillian Parish,

Christine Pacitto, Oliver Wardman and Caroline Garrod for preparatory work and checking data integrity. Thanks also

go to the members of the ACP Working Party on Pesticide Usage Surveys for their invaluable comments.

REFERENCES

Anon. (1998a) Agricultural Statistics in England and Wales 1997. London: HMSO

Anon. (1998b) Agricultural Statistics, Scotland 1997. Edinburgh: HMSO

Anon. (1999a) Agricultural Statistics in England and Wales 1998. London: HMSO

Anon. (1999b) Agricultural Statistics, Scotland 1998. Edinburgh: HMSO

Bowen, H.M. & Wood, J. (1989) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 45 - Arable Crops 1982. Edinburgh: DAFS

Chapman, P.J., Sly, J.M.A. & Cutler, J.M.A. (1977) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 11 - Arable Crops 1974. London:MAFF

Davis, R.P., Garthwaite, D.G. & Thomas, M.R. (1990) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 78 - Arable Farm Crops 1988.London: MAFF

Davis, R.P., Garthwaite, D.G. & Thomas, M.R. (1991) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 85 - Arable Crops 1990.London: MAFF

Davis, R.P., Thomas, M.R., Garthwaite, D.G. & Bowen, H.M. (1993) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 108 - ArableCrops 1992. London: MAFF

Garthwaite, D.G., Thomas, M.R. & Hart, M. (1995) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 127 - Arable Farm Crops 1994.London: MAFF

Sly, J.M.A. (1986) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 35 - Arable Farm Crops 1982. London: MAFF

Snowden, J.P., Bowen, H.M. & Dickson, J.M. (1990) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 74 - Potatoes 1987. Edinburgh:DAFS

Snowden, J.P., Bowen, H.M. & Dickson, J.M. (1991a) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 77 - Arable Crops 1988.Edinburgh: DAFS

Snowden, J.P., Bowen, H.M. & Dickson, J.M. (1991b) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 87 - Arable Crops 1990.Edinburgh: DAFS

Steed, J.M., Sly, J.M.A., Tucker, G.G. & Cutler, J.R. (1979) Pesticide Usage Survey Report 18 - Arable Farm Crops1977. London: MAFF

Thomas, M.R., Garthwaite, D.G. & Banham, A.R. (1997) Arable Farm Crops in Great Britain 1996. London: MAFF

Wood, H.J. (1931) An Agricultural Atlas of Scotland. London: George Gill & Sons


PESTICIDE USAGE SURVEY REPORTS APPENDIX

Surveys which include data relating to Scotland are marked with *

Surveys which include data relating to Northern Ireland are marked with #

PUBLISHED REPORTS

120 Hardy nursery stock in Great Britain 1993* PB 2137 £7.00

121 Outdoor bulbs & flowers in Great Britain 1993* PB 2105 £7.00

122 Rodenticide usage on farms in Great Britain growing grassland and fodder crops 1993* PB 1993 £7.00

123 Aerial applications, Great Britain 1993* PB 1908 £7.00

124 Grassland & fodder crops, Northern Ireland 1993# ISBN 1855272210

125 Rodenticide usage by Local Authorities in Great Britain 1993/94* PB 2786 £4.00


127 Arable farm crops in Great Britain 1994* PB 2409 £4.00

128 Soft fruit in Great Britain 1994* PB 2787 £4.00

129 Potato stores in Great Britain 1994* PB 2788 £4.00

130 Rodenticide usage on farms in Great Britain growing arable crops 1994* PB 2789 £4.00

131 Forestry, Northern Ireland 1993# ISBN 1855272822

132 Arable crops, Northern Ireland 1994# ISBN 1855273144


134 Outdoor vegetable crops in Great Britain 1995* PB 2944 £4.00

135 Mushrooms in Great Britain 1995* PB 3341 £4.00

136 Protected crops (edible and ornamental) in Great Britain 1995 PB 3293 £4.00

137 Farm grain stores in Great Britain 1994/95* PB 2946 £4.00

138 Commercial grain stores in Great Britain 1994/95* PB 3522 £3.00

139 Vegetable crops, Northern Ireland 1995# ISBN 1855273462

140 Mushroom crops, Northern Ireland 1995# ISBN 1855273470

141 Arable farm crops in Great Britain 1996* PB 3330 £6.00

142 Orchards and fruit stores in Great Britain 1996* PB 3698 £4.00

143 Hops 1996 PB 3801 £2.00

144 Rodenticide usage on farms in Great Britain growing arable crops 1996* PB 4243 £2.00

145 Potato stores in Great Britain 1996* PB 4187 £2.00


149 Aerial applications, United Kingdom 1997*# PB 3802 £2.00

150 Review of usage of pesticides in agriculture & horticulture throughout Great Britain 1986-1996* PB 4188 £2.00

151 Grassland & fodder crops in Great Britain 1997* PB 4189 £3.00

152 Hardy Nursery Stock in Great Britain 1997* PB 4280 £3.00

153 Outdoor bulbs & flowers in Great Britain 1997* PB 4244 £2.00

154 Rodenticide usage on farms in Great Britain growing grassland and fodder crops 1997* PB 4739 £2.00


Copies of reports categorised PB may be purchased from MAFF Publications, London SE99 7TP (01645 556000).

Copies of reports categorised ISBN may be obtained through Her Majesty’s Stationary Office.


Table 2 Treated area of arable crops in Great Britain 1998 by cropgroup (spray hectares)

Chemical group Wheat Winter Spring Oats Rye Triticale Oilseed Linseed Potatoes Potatoes Peas Beans Beet Set Allbarley barley rape ware seed aside crops

Insecticides & nematicides 2,187,882 654,198 51,940 45,680 7,183 4,431 709,707 24,313 151,713 82,430 181,092 89,815 109,382 52,731 4,355,876Fungicides 8,518,103 2,197,948 900,349 141,617 30,223 9,802 1,129,468 61,942 1,430,945 124,366 179,366 313,830 163,168 65,891 15,267,017Herbicides 6,842,830 1,948,026 948,386 168,498 25,177 12,955 1,170,018 349,818 367,912 32,757 314,159 193,465 1,369,463 235,829 13,979,292Desiccants . . . . . . . . 63,896 26,451 . . . . 90,348Growth regulators 2,705,226 830,480 42,068 81,790 14,094 13,716 39,010 6,639 9,352 . 485 . . 5,032 3,747,891Molluscicides & repellents 259,389 22,481 667 2,419 228 . 134,161 1,570 101,775 5,319 555 2,400 3,173 2,995 537,133All seed treatments 2,103,893 767,387 468,339 82,292 9,612 9,856 534,737 113,696 117,119 14,691 93,807 15,135 506,471 46,385 4,883,419

All pesticides 22,617,323 6,420,519 2,411,748 522,297 86,517 50,761 3,717,101 557,977 2,246,090 286,014 769,465 614,644 2,151,657 408,862 42,860,976


Table 3 Usage of pesticides on arable crops in Great Britain 1998 - percentage area of crops treated with pesticides

Crop group Insecticides Fungicides Herbicides Desiccants Growth Molluscicides Seed Untreated (excluding& nematicides regulators & repellents treatments seed treatments)

Wheat 72.5 98.0 98.3 . 82.9 10.1 98.5 0.1Winter barley 76.1 94.4 97.3 . 71.7 2.7 97.8 0.5Spring barley 8.3 83.9 97.9 . 8.4 0.1 98.1 0.5Oats 45.0 76.9 92.3 . 71.3 1.3 85.4 4.4Rye 82.8 98.1 99.8 . 94.8 2.7 98.8 .Triticale 50.4 79.1 83.0 . 89.1 . 92.0 .Oilseed rape 80.0 81.9 95.6 . 8.1 20.9 95.2 0.5Linseed 20.4 27.3 95.3 . 5.9 1.4 92.0 4.7Ware potatoes 51.4 99.7 96.9 29.5 7.5 30.0 76.5 < 0.1Seed potatoes 94.5 99.4 99.4 90.0 . 20.9 74.8 .Peas 84.2 79.9 97.2 . 0.5 0.6 92.3 0.5Beans 46.4 89.5 94.3 . . 1.8 12.5 1.1Sugar beet 36.2 59.2 98.6 . . 1.5 98.9 0.1Set aside 9.0 7.1 50.0 . 1.4 0.8 39.1 47.1

All crops 57.8 83.0 93.8 1.2 47.1 7.7 92.8 4.0

Table 4a Usage of pesticides on arable crops in Great Britain 1998 - number of spray rounds applied to crops (excluding seed treatments)

Crop group Insecticides Fungicides Herbicides Desiccants Growth Molluscicides All& nematicides regulators & repellents pesticides

Wheat 1.1 2.8 2.4 . 1.4 0.1 5.3Winter barley 0.9 2.1 1.9 . 1.1 < 0.1 4.1Spring barley 0.1 1.5 1.4 . 0.1 < 0.1 2.4Oats 0.4 1.3 1.4 . 0.9 < 0.1 2.7Rye 0.5 1.5 1.9 . 0.9 0.1 3.5Triticale 0.5 1.3 1.4 . 1.5 . 3.3Oilseed rape 1.4 1.9 2.2 . 0.1 0.3 4.4Linseed 0.2 0.4 2.9 . 0.1 < 0.1 3.5Ware potatoes 1.1 8.7 1.8 0.5 0.1 0.9 12.1Seed potatoes 4.4 7.0 1.2 1.7 . 0.5 10.5Peas 1.5 1.2 2.5 . < 0.1 < 0.1 4.2Beans 0.9 1.6 1.7 . . < 0.1 3.4Sugar beet 0.5 0.7 4.1 . . < 0.1 5.2Set-aside 0.3 0.3 1.4 . < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7

All crops 1.0 2.3 2.2 . 0.8 0.1 4.6


Table 4b Usage of pesticides on arable crops in Great Britain 1998 - number of products (other than seed treatments) applied to crops including repeat applications of the same product


Wheat 1.1 4.7 3.6 . 1.5 0.1 11.1Winter barley 0.9 3.6 2.9 . 1.3 < 0.1 8.7Spring barley 0.1 2.4 2.3 . 0.1 < 0.1 4.9Oats 0.4 1.9 1.8 . 0.9 < 0.1 5.1Rye 0.5 2.1 2.3 . 1.1 0.1 6.0Triticale 0.5 1.5 1.6 . 1.6 . 5.2Oilseed rape 1.5 2.5 2.5 . 0.1 0.3 6.9Linseed 0.2 0.6 3.5 . 0.1 < 0.1 4.4Ware potatoes 1.2 10.0 2.6 0.5 0.1 0.9 15.3Seed potatoes 5.9 8.8 2.2 1.7 . 0.5 19.1Peas 1.8 1.8 3.3 . < 0.1 < 0.1 6.9Beans 0.9 2.9 1.9 . . < 0.1 5.8Sugar beet 0.6 0.9 7.8 . . < 0.1 9.3Set-aside 0.3 0.4 1.6 . < 0.1 < 0.1 2.4

All crops 1.0 3.6 3.2 . 0.8 0.1 8.7

Table 4c Usage of pesticides on arable crops in Great Britain 1998 - number of active ingredients (other than seed treatments) applied to crops including repeat applications of the same active substance


Wheat 1.2 6.4 4.6 . 2.2 0.1 14.5Winter barley 0.9 4.9 3.9 . 1.7 < 0.1 11.4Spring barley 0.1 3.2 3.5 . 0.1 < 0.1 7.0Oats 0.4 2.3 2.5 . 1.3 < 0.1 6.6Rye 0.5 2.4 2.9 . 1.5 0.1 7.3Triticale 0.5 2.1 2.5 . 2.1 . 7.2Oilseed rape 1.5 3.4 2.5 . 0.2 0.3 7.8Linseed 0.2 0.6 3.7 . 0.1 < 0.1 4.7Ware potatoes 1.5 15.5 3.3 0.5 0.1 0.9 21.6Seed potatoes 7.5 12.5 2.4 1.7 . 0.5 24.6Peas 2.0 2.3 4.4 . < 0.1 < 0.1 8.8Beans 0.9 3.3 2.1 . . < 0.1 6.3Sugar beet 0.6 1.0 10.0 . . < 0.1 11.6Set-aside 0.3 0.5 1.7 . 0.1 < 0.1 2.6

All crops 1.0 4.9 4.0 . 1.2 0.1 11.3


Table 5 Usage of pesticides on arable crops grown in Great Britain, 1998 (spray hectares)

Wheat Winter Spring Oats Rye Triticale Oilseed Linseed All Peas Beans Sugar Set All

barley barley rape potatoes beet aside crops

Fungicides

Anilazine 47,669 1,476 . . . . . . . . . . . 49,145

Azoxystrobin 727,011 80,319 6,840 389 53 . 1,783 . . . . . . 816,396

Azoxystrobin/fenpropimorph 45,205 18,341 2,231 . 504 . . . . . . . . 66,281

Carbendazim 286,782 162,139 80,657 256 . . 253,893 27,598 . 31,063 94,144 3,794 14,922 955,250

Carbendazim/chlorothalonil 3,491 1,893 10,365 . . . . . . 43,787 9,876 . . 69,412

Carbendazim/flusilazole 49,641 150,764 100,233 47 46 73 179,833 476 . . . . 12,421 493,533

Carbendazim/propiconazole 14,206 19,864 14,513 104 . . . . . . . . . 48,687

Chlorothalonil 978,623 10,442 8,901 513 . 121 5,716 7,007 41,637 66,885 124,993 . 23 1,244,859

Chlorothalonil/cyproconazole 163,528 1,572 728 . . . . . . 1,683 5,557 . . 173,069

Chlorothalonil/flutriafol 73,825 . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,825

Cymoxanil/mancozeb . . . . . . . . 281,008 . . . . 281,008

Cymoxanil/mancozeb/oxadixyl . . . . . . . . 125,679 . . . . 125,679

Cyproconazole 393,655 19,766 2,822 15,187 4,372 1,247 2,454 137 . 1,320 5,767 54,687 83 501,496

Cyproconazole/prochloraz 239,973 26,325 689 . . 2,347 1,291 1,199 . . . . . 271,823

Cyprodinil 105,097 148,973 23,533 156 2,433 . . . . . . . . 280,192

Difenoconazole 126,776 293 . . . . 87,913 . . . . . 3,648 218,630

Dimethomorph/mancozeb . . . . . . . . 105,623 . . 90 . 105,714

Epoxiconazole 1,027,223 175,307 31,522 833 4,898 1,726 2,641 . . . . 800 45 1,244,995

Epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph 34,602 34,940 1,203 . . . . . . . . . . 70,745

Epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph/kresoxim- methyl

299,218 18,432 3,748 . . . . . . . . . . 321,398

Epoxiconazole/kresoxim-methyl 432,000 21,817 1,985 . . . . . . . . . . 455,802

Fenbuconazole 51,651 7,354 . . . . . . . . . . . 59,005

Fenbuconazole/propiconazole 92,942 6,923 . . . . . . . . . . . 99,865

Fenpropidin 352,908 31,978 8,302 5,524 109 . 2,641 . . . 1,662 . . 403,124

Fenpropidin/fenpropimorph 144,083 64,119 26,913 3,664 931 368 . . . . 667 . 316 241,060

Fenpropidin/propiconazole 31,072 23,316 4,345 . . . . . . . . . . 58,733

Fenpropidin/propiconazole/tebuconazole 41,131 5,868 415 . . . . . . . . . . 47,413

Fenpropidin/tebuconazole 55,017 . 1,894 . . . . . . . . . . 56,911

Fenpropimorph 139,671 195,310 107,844 38,259 4,886 . . . . . 1,665 . . 487,635

Fenpropimorph/flusilazole 15,287 41,243 18,641 . . . . . . . . . . 75,171

Fenpropimorph/flusilazole/tridemorph 28,556 72,569 21,719 . 251 1,724 . . . . . . . 124,819


Table 5 (cont.) Usage of pesticides on arable crops grown in Great Britain, 1998 (spray hectares)



Fungicides (cont.)

Fenpropimorph/kresoxim-methyl 148,818 7,948 6,756 . 1,320 . . . . . . . . 164,842

Fenpropimorph/propiconazole 50,861 56,766 24,189 3,952 . . 1,594 . . . . . . 137,361

Fenpropimorph/quinoxyfen 31,189 8,383 4,981 . . . . . . . . . . 44,553

Fenpropimorph/tridemorph 26,878 62,035 18,291 3,249 . . . . . . . . . 110,452

Fentin acetate/maneb . . . . . . . . 53,755 . . . . 53,755

Fentin hydroxide . . . . . . . . 275,063 . . . . 275,063

Fluazinam . . . . . . . . 391,053 . . . . 391,053

Flusilazole 151,001 266,681 137,451 1,224 194 . 65,015 . . . . . 3,882 625,447

Flutriafol 256,009 4,570 2,214 . . . . . . . . . 23 262,816

Iprodione . . . . . . 14,972 . . 694 482 . . 16,148

Iprodione/thiophanate-methyl 162 1,059 . . . . 97,415 259 . 1,804 3,185 . 6,967 110,851

Mancozeb 61,371 4,081 2,669 . . . 5,906 . 132,705 . . . . 206,732

Mancozeb/metalaxyl . . . . . . 2,546 . 48,791 708 6,934 . 212 59,191

Prochloraz 30,295 6,052 208 . . . 20,727 228 . . . . 807 58,318

Propiconazole 56,951 75,826 53,342 7,333 . 37 1,384 . . . . 938 . 195,811

Propiconazole/tebuconazole 124,442 18,035 5,736 . 46 332 . . . . . . . 148,591

Quinoxyfen 146,477 49,041 27,785 13,328 . . . . . . . . 23 236,653

Spiroxamine 71,910 52,705 16,299 38 1,886 67 1,524 196 . . . . . 144,626

Tebuconazole 692,375 47,470 11,525 5,618 8,293 1,613 179,403 21,055 . . 29,570 905 14,097 1,011,924

Tebuconazole/triadimenol 302,186 9,957 7,622 . . . 1,797 . . . . . . 321,561

Tridemorph 12,491 47,709 21,076 9,434 . . . . . . . . . 90,710

Vinclozolin 984 . . . . . 62,580 . . 17,838 5,526 . 2,625 89,553

Other1 fungicides2 299,054 128,167 60,949 26,285 . 147 80,268 3,043 98,937 12,405 23,801 20,960 2,108 756,126

All Fungicides 8,464,297 2,187,828 881,136 135,393 30,222 9,802 1,073,296 61,198 1,554,251 178,187 313,829 82,174 62,202 15,033,812

Sulphur 53,808 10,120 19,216 6,223 . . 56,175 744 1,060 1,178 . 80,994 3,690 233,209

1 Throughout all tables, “Other” refers to chemicals grouped together because they were applied to less than 0.1% of the total area treated with pesticides

2Other fungicides includes Benalaxyl/mancozeb, Benomyl, Bromuconazole, Carbendazim/chlorothalonil/maneb, Carbendazim/cyproconazole, Carbendazim/flutriafol, Carbendazim/iprodione, Carbendazim/mancozeb,Carbendazim/maneb, Carbendazim/maneb/sulphur, Carbendazim/maneb/tridemorph, Carbendazim/prochloraz, Carbendazim/tebuconazole, Carbendazim/vinclozolin, Chlorothalonil/cymoxanil, Chlorothalonil/fenpropimorph,Chlorothalonil/mancozeb, Chlorothalonil/metalaxyl, Chlorothalonil/propamocarb hydrochloride, Chlorothalonil/propiconazole, Chlorothalonil/vinclozolin, Copper oxychloride, Cyproconazole/tridemorph, Difenzoquat (f),Epoxiconazole/tridemorph, Fenbuconazole/fenpropimorph, Fenbuconazole/prochloraz, Fenbuconazole/tridemorph, Fenpropidin/prochloraz, Fenpropimorph/prochloraz, Fentin hydroxide/metoxuron, Flusilazole/tridemorph,Flutriafol/iprodione, Mancozeb/metalaxyl-M, Mancozeb/ofurace, Mancozeb/oxadixyl, Mancozeb/propamocarb hydrochloride, Maneb, Maneb/zinc, Manganese zinc ethylene bisdithiocarbamate/ofurace,Prochloraz/propiconazole, Prochloraz/tebuconazole, Propiconazole/tridemorph, Spiroxamine/tebuconazole, Tebuconazole/tridemorph, Triadimenol, Triadimenol/tridemorph, Zineb-ethylene thiuram disulphide adduct andunspecified fungicides



Wheat Winter Spring Oats Rye Triticale Oilseed Linseed All Peas Beans Sugar Set Allbarley barley rape potatoes beet aside crops

Desiccants

Sulphuric acid . . . . . . . . 90,348 . . . . 90,348

Herbicides

Amidosulfuron 244,274 40,278 4,276 4,168 868 . . 30,852 . . . . 795 325,513

Bentazone . . . . . . . 13,939 8,159 9,935 10,527 . 519 43,079

Bromoxynil/diflufenican/ioxynil 33,138 7,319 11,679 2,590 . 67 . . . . . . . 54,793

Bromoxynil/ioxynil 91,816 37,677 71,628 7,498 206 . . . . . . . 258 209,083

Bromoxynil/ioxynil/mecoprop-P 20,291 1,506 26,193 3,282 500 . . . . . . . . 51,773

Bromoxynil/ioxynil/triasulfuron 8,716 3,431 28,980 4,181 . 689 . . . . . . . 45,996

Carfentrazone-ethyl/flupyrsulfuron-methyl 24,600 . . 22,907 . . . . . . . . . 47,507

Chloridazon . . . . . . . . . . . 87,683 . 87,683

Chloridazon/ethofumesate 222 . . . . . . . . . . 42,773 . 42,996

Clodinafop-propargyl 231,721 485 . . . . . . . . . . . 232,206

Clodinafop-propargyl/trifluralin 136,756 . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,756

Clopyralid . . . . . . 58,397 1,285 . . . 101,196 4,445 165,323

Cyanazine 7,531 . . . . . 20,133 . . 59,746 . . 526 87,935

Cycloxydim . . . . . . 61,976 23,663 2,251 29,709 19,749 17,644 6,036 161,028

Desmedipham/ethofumesate/phenmedipham . . . . . . . . . . . 111,030 . 111,030

Desmedipham/phenmedipham . . . . . . . . . . . 45,175 . 45,175

Dicamba/mecoprop-P 41,780 7,123 39,211 3,851 . . . . . . . . 191 92,156

Diclofop-methyl/fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 492 38,659 14,013 . . . . . . . . . . 53,163

Diflufenican/isoproturon 862,111 357,503 991 296 2,900 197 . . . . . 974 203 1,225,175

Diflufenican/trifluralin 47,825 15,169 . 140 3,299 4,275 . 79 . . . . . 70,787

Diquat 665 3,541 255 438 . . 53,428 29,258 41,690 21,834 4,441 969 9,872 166,392

Diquat/paraquat 8,784 . . . . . 9,670 54 67,205 621 318 6,778 723 94,153

Ethofumesate . . . . . . . . . . . 64,629 . 64,629

Ethofumesate/phenmedipham 1,305 . . . . . . . . . . 50,686 . 51,991

Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 312,603 2,246 . . . . . . . . . . 78 314,928

Fluazifop-P-butyl 105 . . . . . 134,627 11,990 . 6,118 7,726 17,999 6,977 185,543

Fluroxypyr 738,432 119,737 24,363 17,254 2,888 607 2,049 . . . . . 109 905,438

Fluroxypyr/metosulam 37,009 10,714 . 92 . . . . . . . . . 47,815

Glyphosate 262,412 96,497 52,370 8,332 2,937 15 137,743 73,947 24,766 42,042 28,218 60,459 136,873 926,612




Herbicides (cont.)

Isoproturon 1,312,274 403,809 5,855 . 2,433 99 . . . . . . 203 1,724,672 Isoproturon/pendimethalin 153,220 118,233 . . 109 1,724 . . . . . . . 273,286 Isoproturon/simazine 84,097 33,156 . . . . . . . . . . . 117,253 Isoproturon/trifluralin 38,398 39,727 . . . . . . . . . . . 78,125 Lenacil . . . . . . . . . . . 109,039 . 109,039 Linuron 299 1,847 . . . . . . 51,142 . . . . 53,288 MCPA 47,742 5,648 40,544 2,701 . . . 12,731 . . . 1,026 3,728 114,120 Mecoprop 167,777 31,632 30,928 6,837 . . 2 . . . . . 291 237,467 Mecoprop-P 338,751 101,006 134,200 17,009 402 232 . . 404 555 . . 760 593,318 Metamitron . . . . . . . . . . . 217,866 . 217,866 Metazachlor . . . . . . 235,332 . . . 295 . 12,288 247,915 Metribuzin . . . . . . . . 68,150 . . . . 68,150 Metsulfuron-methyl 502,360 103,476 166,807 34,213 3,860 1,366 . 93,181 . . . . 7,093 912,356 Metsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl 65,650 4,039 104,087 . . . 2 191 . . . . . 173,970 Paraquat 3,433 5,283 823 1,186 . . 1,805 735 47,268 5,068 563 5,792 1,091 73,047 Pendimethalin 95,193 52,267 5,862 . 1,859 1,396 . . 266 3,268 . . . 160,110 Pendimethalin/simazine 24,588 21,415 . . . . . . . . . . . 46,002 Phenmedipham 471 196 . . . . 357 392 . 410 . 239,123 . 240,949 Propaquizafop 7 1 . . . . 135,000 18,048 87 19,179 9,056 12,922 8,532 202,832 Propyzamide . . . . . . 107,039 . . . 4,512 162 5,888 117,601 Simazine 5,565 . . . . . . . . . 88,152 . 204 93,920 Tralkoxydim 56,332 49,486 48,698 161 737 . . . . . . . . 155,415 Tri-allate 216,174 56,192 4,725 . 787 . . . . . 136 13,348 8 291,369 Tribenuron-methyl 31,272 16,411 16,785 482 . 111 . . . . . . . 65,062 Trifluralin 276,497 56,216 . 853 . 99 87,034 11,544 . 1,250 3,427 1,314 11,513 449,746 Triflusulfuron-methyl . . . . . . . . . . . 121,052 . 121,052 Other herbicides1 310,141 106,102 115,115 30,025 1,392 2,080 125,426 27,928 89,281 114,424 16,344 39,822 16,625 994,704All herbicides 6,842,830 1,948,026 948,386 168,498 25,177 12,955 1,170,018 349,818 400,669 314,159 193,465 1,369,463 235,829 13,979,292

1Other herbicides includes 2,4-D, 2,4-DB/MCPA, 2,4-DB/linuron/MCPA, Alloxydim-sodium, Atrazine, Benazolin, Benazolin/2,4-DB/MCPA, Benazolin/bromoxynil/ioxynil, Benazolin/clopyralid, Benazolin/dimefuron,Bentazone/MCPA/MCPB, Bentazone/MCPB, Other herbicides includes Bifenox/mecoprop, Bromoxynil, Bromoxynil/clopyralid, Bromoxynil/clopyralid/fluroxypyr/ioxynil, Bromoxynil/fluroxypyr,Bromoxynil/fluroxypyr/ioxynil, Bromoxynil/ioxynil/isoproturon, Bromoxynil/ioxynil/mecoprop, Carbetamide, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Carfentrazone-ethyl/isoproturon, Carfentrazone-ethyl/mecoprop-P, Carfentrazone-ethyl/metsulfuron-methyl, Chloridazon/lenacil, Chlorotoluron, Chlorpropham/fenuron/propham, Clodinafop-propargyl/diflufenican, Clodinafop-propargyl/diflufenican/isoproturon, Clopyralid/2,4-D/MCPA,Clopyralid/fluroxypyr/ioxynil, Clopyralid/fluroxypyr/triclopyr, Clopyralid/triclopyr, Cyanazine/fluroxypyr, Cyanazine/pendimethalin, Cyanazine/terbuthylazine, Desmetryn, Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop,Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop-P, Dicamba/mecoprop, Dicamba/mecoprop/triclopyr, Dichlorprop, Dichlorprop/MCPA, Diclofop-methyl, Difenzoquat, Diflufenican, Diflufenican/flurtamone/isoproturon,Diflufenican/terbuthylazine, Ethofumesate/metamitron/phenmedipham, Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl/isoproturon, Fenoxaprop-ethyl, Flamprop-M-isopropyl, Fluoroglycofen-ethyl/isoproturon, Fluoroglycofen-ethyl/triasulfuron,Flupyrsulfuron-methyl/metsulfuron-methyl, Flupyrsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl, Fomesafen/terbutryn, Glufosinate-ammonium, Glufosinate-ammonium/monolinuron, Imazamethabenz-methyl, Isoxaben,Isoxaben/methabenzthiazuron, Isoxaben/terbuthylazine, Lenacil/phenmedipham, Linuron/trifluralin, MCPA/MCPB, MCPB, Metazachlor/quinmerac, Methabenzthiazuron, Monolinuron, Monolinuron/paraquat,Pendimethalin/prometryn, Prometryn/terbutryn, Pyridate, Quizalofop-P-ethyl, Quizalofop-ethyl, Rimsulfuron, Sethoxydim, Simazine/trietazine, Tebutam, Terbuthylazine/terbutryn, Terbutryn, Terbutryn/trietazine,Thifensulfuron-methyl, Thifensulfuron-methyl/tribenuron-methyl, Triasulfuron & unspecified herbicides




Insecticides and nematicides

Carbamate

Pirimicarb 87,835 608 2,028 . . . 18,600 . 76,675 51,743 12,802 27,324 5,413 283,028

Organochlorine

Gamma-HCH 8,225 3,557 2,636 . 319 . 5,266 573 . 194 . 723 444 21,937

Organophosphate

Chlorpyrifos 41,901 1,599 11,498 44 . . 176 320 . 419 . 1,363 365 57,685

Dimethoate 322,883 8,776 3,620 76 . 111 1,091 1,315 6,036 27,885 5,237 . . 377,030

Pyrethroid

Alpha-cypermethrin 729 . 891 . . . 110,211 769 . 428 4,828 558 5,290 123,705

Cypermethrin 1,130,038 440,068 25,652 26,555 5,000 3,614 377,531 12,587 26,359 55,787 32,032 19,574 30,005 2,184,803

Deltamethrin 61,685 15,557 838 3,400 . 705 40,890 1,879 544 6,730 21,331 1,983 2,618 158,161

Esfenvalerate 117,753 64,997 184 2,332 1,755 . 5,341 221 . . 85 . . 192,670

Lambda-cyhalothrin 321,481 108,266 4,594 12,903 109 . 122,742 6,649 37,749 19,375 11,675 2,265 7,308 655,116

Tau-fluvalinate 48,695 . . . . . 411 . . . . . . 49,106

Zeta-cypermethrin 24,176 9,472 . 371 . . 19,228 . . 215 1,612 . 1,289 56,363

Other insecticides and nematicides1 22,479 1,296 . . . . 8,220 . 99,159 18,315 213 55,591 . 196,273

All insecticides and nematicides 2,187,882 654,198 51,940 45,680 7,183 4,431 709,707 24,313 237,522 181,092 89,815 109,382 52,731 4,355,876

Molluscicides Metaldehyde 188,776 16,484 379 1,210 228 . 103,682 1,570 35,359 555 1,763 2,998 2,461 355,465 Methiocarb 61,669 5,588 288 1,210 . . 26,638 . 51,495 . 637 . 51 147,575 Other molluscicides2 8,945 409 . . . . 3,840 . 20,241 . . 175 483 34,094All molluscicides 259,389 22,481 667 2,419 228 . 134,161 1,570 107,095 555 2,400 3,173 2,995 537,133

1Other insecticides and nematicides includes Aldicarb, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Chlorfenvinphos, Deltamethrin/heptenophos, Deltamethrin/pirimicarb, Demeton-S-methyl, Disulfoton, Ethoprophos, Fenitrothion, Fenvalerate,Fosthiazate, Lambda-cyhalothrin/pirimicarb, Omethoate, Oxamyl, Phorate, Triazamate & Triazophos

2Other molluscicides includes Thiodicarb & unspecified molluscicides




Growth regulators

2-chloroethylphosphonic acid 94,168 49,349 8,957 166 . 1,882 . . . . . . . 154,523

2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat 160,221 114,032 9,104 5,138 3,299 67 . . . . . . . 291,861

Chlormequat 1,504,944 346,789 8,186 46,078 5,716 5,191 18,172 3,748 . 169 . . 3,249 1,942,242

Chlormequat chloride/ 2chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat

25,929 15,988 44 203 1,126 . . . . . . . . 43,290

Chlormequat/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid 38,209 24,627 489 128 . 1,595 . . . . . . . 65,048

Chlormequat/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/ imazaquin

35,548 17,332 328 . . . . . . . . . . 53,208

Chlormequat/choline chloride 291,976 89,329 7,013 28,382 2,137 4,206 20,837 2,891 . . . . 1,783 448,552

Chlormequat/choline chloride/imazaquin 303,991 . . 325 . . . . . 316 . . . 304,633

Trinexapac-ethyl 249,567 167,851 7,948 1,369 1,816 775 . . . . . . . 429,326

Other growth regulators1 673 5,183 . . . . . . 9,352 . . . . 15,208

All growth regulators 2,705,226 830,480 42,068 81,790 14,094 13,716 39,010 6,639 9,352 485 . . 5,032 3,747,891

1Other growth regulators includes 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat chloride, Maleic hydrazide & unspecified growth regulators




Fungicide seed treatments Bitertanol/fuberidazole 822,028 . 121 31,282 1,126 3,190 . . . . . . . 857,747 Carboxin/thiram 44,600 8,738 6,314 11,365 . . . . . . . . . 71,017 Ethirimol/flutriafol/thiabendazole 3,554 42,754 13,343 357 . . . . . . . . . 60,008 Fludioxonil 402,786 20,502 11,327 5,746 . 2,714 . . . . . . 23 443,097 Fuberidazole/triadimenol 332,336 29,996 4,354 1,342 6,600 257 . . . . . . . 374,885 Guazatine 249,679 20,991 39,105 7,467 . 1,394 . . . . . . . 318,636 Guazatine/imazalil 13,121 45,631 21,602 4,491 . . . . . . . . . 84,845 Hymexazol . . . . . . . . . . . 183,776 . 183,776 Imazalil . . . . . . . . 46,111 . . . . 46,111 Iprodione . . . . . . 70,737 3,917 2,731 . . . 8,180 85,566 Prochloraz . . . . . . 595 21,906 . . . . 564 23,066 Tebuconazole 522 26,431 15,061 . . . . . . . . . . 42,015 Tebuconazole/triazoxide 3,932 493,726 291,331 501 . . . 1,462 . . . . 8 790,958 Thiram . . . . . . 902 . . 68,461 5,290 183,776 278 258,707

Insecticide seed treatments Gamma-HCH 61,431 20,507 21,571 713 . . 2,709 . . . . . . 106,933 Imidacloprid . . . . . . . . . . . 136,041 . 136,041

Mixed seed treatments etc. Carboxin/gamma-HCH/thiram . . . . . . 102,266 45,081 . . . . 6,433 153,780 Fenpropimorph/gamma-HCH/thiram . . . . . . 247,578 11,639 . . . . 13,438 272,655 Gamma-HCH/thiram . . . . . . 62,740 11,934 . . 295 . 8,354 83,324 Unspecified seed treatments 98,170 41,421 29,765 18,371 346 2,190 44,278 16,510 16,841 8,329 5,626 . 9,055 290,898

Other seed treatments1 71,733 16,691 14,446 658 1,540 111 2,931 1,248 66,126 17,018 3,924 2,878 52 199,355

All seed treatments 2,103,893 767,387 468,339 82,292 9,612 9,856 534,737 113,696 131,809 93,807 15,135 506,471 46,385 4,883,419

1Other seed treatments includes Anthraquinone, Carboxin/imazalil/thiabendazole, Captan/gamma-HCH, Carboxin/thiabendazole, Chlorfenvinphos, Drazoxolon, Fenpiclonil, Fenpiclonil/metalaxyl, Fonofos, Gamma-HCH/thiabendazole/thiram, Imazalil/pencycuron, Maneb/zinc oxide, Metalaxyl, Metalaxyl/thiabendazole, Metalaxyl/thiabendazole/thiram, Pencycuron, Tefluthrin, Thiabendazole, Thiabendazole/thiram, Tolclofos-methyl,unspecified DPD seed treatments & unspecified basic seed treatments


Table 6 Usage of pesticides on arable crops grown in Great Britain, 1998 (tonnes active substance applied)



Fungicides

Anilazine 25.09 0.71 . . . . . . . . . . . 25.80

Azoxystrobin 71.15 8.60 0.71 0.02 0.01 . 0.15 . . . . . . 80.63

Azoxystrobin/fenpropimorph 12.99 6.23 0.63 . 0.14 . . . . . . . . 20.00

Carbendazim 50.47 30.25 14.22 0.07 . . 68.93 7.60 . 10.35 29.27 0.52 4.24 215.91

Carbendazim/chlorothalonil 1.37 1.03 3.65 . . . . . . 43.85 9.37 . . 59.26

Carbendazim/flusilazole 10.84 25.11 13.44 . 0.01 0.01 27.06 0.11 . . . . 1.48 78.06

Carbendazim/propiconazole 2.67 3.65 2.05 0.01 . . . . . . . . . 8.39

Chlorothalonil 405.75 4.98 7.11 0.26 . 0.08 2.26 4.59 31.05 51.12 88.52 . 0.01 595.74

Chlorothalonil/cyproconazole 77.93 0.41 0.15 . . . . . . 0.93 2.93 . . 82.35

Chlorothalonil/flutriafol 43.96 . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.96

Cymoxanil/mancozeb . . . . . . . . 404.33 . . . . 404.33

Cymoxanil/mancozeb/oxadixyl . . . . . . . . 199.52 . . . . 199.52

Cyproconazole 17.62 0.78 0.12 0.75 0.23 0.05 0.11 0.01 . 0.08 0.22 2.60 . 22.58

Cyproconazole/prochloraz 59.70 12.89 0.25 . . 0.75 0.54 0.22 . . . . . 74.35

Cyprodinil 39.32 44.31 6.15 0.05 1.25 . . . . . . . . 91.07

Difenoconazole 5.90 0.01 . . . . 5.13 . . . . . 0.16 11.22

Dimethomorph/mancozeb . . . . . . . . 162.71 . . 0.05 . 162.76

Epoxiconazole 65.23 9.71 1.61 0.04 0.30 0.14 0.17 . . . . 0.02 . 77.23

Epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph 8.85 6.94 0.28 . . . . . . . . . . 16.07

Epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph/kresoxim- methyl

69.31 3.57 1.39 . . . . . . . . . . 74.27

Epoxiconazole/kresoxim-methyl 60.62 2.38 0.18 . . . . . . . . . . 63.17

Fenbuconazole 2.24 0.37 . . . . . . . . . . . 2.61

Fenbuconazole/propiconazole 8.61 0.73 . . . . . . . . . . . 9.34

Fenpropidin 89.54 6.59 2.58 2.37 0.02 . 0.50 . . . 0.44 . . 102.03

Fenpropidin/fenpropimorph 32.16 17.28 7.14 1.29 0.56 0.10 . . . . 0.25 . 0.05 58.81

Fenpropidin/propiconazole 8.28 7.00 2.03 . . . . . . . . . . 17.31

Fenpropidin/propiconazole/tebuconazole 13.90 1.58 0.05 . . . . . . . . . . 15.54

Fenpropidin/tebuconazole 17.19 . 0.47 . . . . . . . . . . 17.66

Fenpropimorph 33.89 49.54 29.43 12.99 1.83 . . . . . 0.42 . . 128.10

Fenpropimorph/flusilazole 7.70 15.00 4.97 . . . . . . . . . . 27.67

Fenpropimorph/flusilazole/tridemorph 9.22 26.22 5.53 . 0.11 0.65 . . . . . . . 41.72


Table 6 (cont.) Usage of pesticides on arable crops grown in Great Britain, 1998 (tonnes active substance applied)



Fungicides (cont.)

Fenpropimorph/kresoxim-methyl 25.64 1.20 0.97 . 0.32 . . . . . . . . 28.14

Fenpropimorph/propiconazole 11.56 16.29 7.25 0.66 . . 0.17 . . . . . . 35.93

Fenpropimorph/quinoxyfen 5.67 1.12 0.88 . . . . . . . . . . 7.67

Fenpropimorph/tridemorph 9.07 15.47 4.00 0.97 . . . . . . . . . 29.52

Fentin acetate/maneb . . . . . . . . 16.44 . . . . 16.44

Fentin hydroxide . . . . . . . . 69.11 . . . . 69.11

Fluazinam . . . . . . . . 57.02 . . . . 57.02

Flusilazole 15.61 28.21 12.64 0.11 0.02 . 6.69 . . . . . 0.39 63.67

Flutriafol 16.52 0.44 0.13 . . . . . . . . . . 17.10

Iprodione . . . . . . 6.31 . . 0.22 0.06 . . 6.59

Iprodione/thiophanate-methyl 0.02 1.06 . . . . 69.69 0.11 . 1.39 2.24 . 5.68 80.18

Mancozeb 49.47 3.89 1.30 . . . 4.02 . 159.52 . . . . 218.20

Mancozeb/metalaxyl . . . . . . 1.37 . 66.33 1.01 6.34 . 0.11 75.16

Prochloraz 7.66 1.29 0.04 . . . 4.50 0.05 . . . . 0.14 13.67

Propiconazole 4.97 6.09 4.58 0.46 . . 0.07 . . . . 0.09 . 16.26

Propiconazole/tebuconazole 22.16 2.94 1.09 . 0.01 0.20 . . . . . . . 26.40

Quinoxyfen 8.23 2.41 1.49 0.73 . . . . . . . . . 12.86

Spiroxamine 15.82 14.03 3.65 . 0.71 0.02 1.00 0.04 . . . . . 35.27

Tebuconazole 80.81 4.66 1.03 0.70 1.44 0.14 22.19 2.49 . . 3.85 0.16 1.73 119.20

Tebuconazole/triadimenol 50.42 1.55 1.07 . . . 0.51 . . . . . . 53.55

Tridemorph 2.50 10.88 4.70 2.54 . . . . . . . . . 20.62

Vinclozolin 0.34 . . . . . 23.43 . . 5.56 1.65 . 0.77 31.76

Other fungicides1 116.52 54.64 21.62 9.75 . 0.01 34.87 1.00 167.05 3.96 13.47 4.28 0.84 428.00

All fungicides 1,694.49 452.04 170.58 33.77 6.96 2.15 279.67 16.22 1,333.08 118.47 159.03 7.72 15.60 4,289.78

Sulphur 161.74 29.27 57.51 21.45 0 0 225.71 5.95 5.48 1.84 0 450.69 19.19 978.83

1Other fungicides includes Benalaxyl/mancozeb, Benomyl, Bromuconazole, Carbendazim/chlorothalonil/maneb, Carbendazim/cyproconazole, Carbendazim/flutriafol, Carbendazim/iprodione, Carbendazim/mancozeb,Carbendazim/maneb, Carbendazim/maneb/sulphur, Carbendazim/maneb/tridemorph, Carbendazim/prochloraz, Carbendazim/tebuconazole, Carbendazim/vinclozolin, Chlorothalonil/cymoxanil, Chlorothalonil/fenpropimorph,Chlorothalonil/mancozeb, Chlorothalonil/metalaxyl, Chlorothalonil/propamocarb hydrochloride, Chlorothalonil/propiconazole, Chlorothalonil/vinclozolin, Copper oxychloride, Cyproconazole/tridemorph, Difenzoquat (f),Epoxiconazole/tridemorph, Fenbuconazole/fenpropimorph, Fenbuconazole/prochloraz, Fenbuconazole/tridemorph, Fenpropidin/prochloraz, Fenpropimorph/prochloraz, Fentin hydroxide/metoxuron, Flusilazole/tridemorph,Flutriafol/iprodione, Mancozeb/metalaxyl-M, Mancozeb/ofurace, Mancozeb/oxadixyl, Mancozeb/propamocarb hydrochloride, Maneb, Maneb/zinc, Manganese zinc ethylene bisdithiocarbamate/ofurace,Prochloraz/propiconazole, Prochloraz/tebuconazole, Propiconazole/tridemorph, Spiroxamine/tebuconazole, Tebuconazole/tridemorph, Triadimenol, Triadimenol/tridemorph & Zineb-ethylene thiuram disulphide adduct




Desiccants

Sulphuric acid . . . . . . . . 12,727.13 . . . . 12,727.13

Herbicides

Amidosulfuron 4.86 0.76 0.08 0.09 0.02 . . 0.58 . . . . 0.01 6.39

Bentazone . . . . . . . 7.58 4.53 5.11 7.36 . 0.33 24.90

Bromoxynil/diflufenican/ioxynil 11.97 3.00 3.17 0.71 . 0.04 . . . . . . . 18.89

Bromoxynil/ioxynil 29.89 12.26 18.79 2.43 0.04 . . . . . . . 0.07 63.49

Bromoxynil/ioxynil/mecoprop-P 19.42 1.35 17.89 2.82 0.38 . . . . . . . . 41.85

Bromoxynil/ioxynil/triasulfuron 2.73 0.68 7.32 0.82 . 0.21 . . . . . . . 11.76

Carfentrazone-ethyl/flupyrsulfuron-methyl 0.69 . . 0.65 . . . . . . . . . 1.34

Chloridazon . . . . . . . . . . . 79.53 . 79.53

Chloridazon/ethofumesate 0.38 . . . . . . . . . . 35.63 . 36.01

Clodinafop-propargyl 6.65 0.01 . . . . . . . . . . . 6.66

Clodinafop-propargyl/trifluralin 111.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.50

Clopyralid . . . . . . 4.28 0.07 . . . 7.62 0.37 12.34

Cyanazine 6.04 . . . . . 8.75 . . 27.05 . . 0.26 42.10

Cycloxydim . . . . . . 7.95 3.59 0.27 4.75 2.85 2.89 0.67 22.96

Desmedipham/ethofumesate/phenmedipham . . . . . . . . . . . 22.51 . 22.51

Desmedipham/phenmedipham . . . . . . . . . . . 12.26 . 12.26

Dicamba/mecoprop-P 15.13 2.81 17.17 1.26 . . . . . . . . 0.18 36.55

Diclofop-methyl/fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 0.37 26.79 8.97 . . . . . . . . . . 36.13

Diflufenican/isoproturon 514.88 210.36 0.98 0.16 1.41 0.05 . . . . . 1.64 0.17 729.66

Diflufenican/trifluralin 19.21 6.24 . 0.03 2.90 2.98 . 0.02 . . . . . 31.37

Diquat 0.29 1.80 0.03 0.65 . . 30.12 17.40 24.82 12.57 2.51 0.09 5.52 95.81

Diquat/paraquat 4.53 . . . . . 4.35 0.05 30.47 0.50 0.08 2.33 0.45 42.75

Ethofumesate . . . . . . . . . . . 13.06 . 13.06

Ethofumesate/phenmedipham 0.46 . . . . . . . . . . 19.74 . 20.20

Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 14.62 0.11 . . . . . . . . . . . 14.73

Fluazifop-P-butyl 0.01 . . . . . 11.24 1.35 . 0.64 0.97 2.13 0.61 16.96

Fluroxypyr 85.75 13.57 2.84 1.98 0.42 0.20 0.18 . . . . . 0.02 104.95

Fluroxypyr/metosulam 2.51 0.66 . 0.01 . . . . . . . . . 3.18

Glyphosate 199.86 64.70 44.57 5.15 2.23 0.01 121.13 70.22 21.65 30.31 24.45 49.17 145.61 779.06




Herbicides (cont.)

Isoproturon 1,862.14 521.97 5.94 . 2.25 0.12 . . . . . . 0.16 2,392.57 Isoproturon/pendimethalin 245.41 184.75 . . 0.10 0.73 . . . . . . . 430.99 Isoproturon/simazine 91.12 34.44 . . . . . . . . . . . 125.56 Isoproturon/trifluralin 56.66 53.37 . . . . . . . . . . . 110.03 Lenacil . . . . . . . . . . . 24.09 . 24.09 Linuron 0.12 0.75 . . . . . . 59.28 . . . . 60.15 MCPA 40.00 4.57 28.29 2.20 . . . 4.80 . . . 0.65 2.91 83.42 Mecoprop 166.12 29.77 31.42 6.40 . . . . . . . . 0.17 233.88 Mecoprop-P 201.03 47.88 78.69 13.67 0.31 0.11 . . 0.13 0.25 . . 0.59 342.67 Metamitron . . . . . . . . . . . 172.68 . 172.68 Metazachlor . . . . . . 159.31 . . . 0.20 . 7.90 167.41 Metribuzin . . . . . . . . 34.15 . . . . 34.15 Metsulfuron-methyl 2.19 0.44 0.65 0.14 0.02 0.01 . 0.41 . . . . 0.04 3.89 Metsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl 2.35 0.12 3.12 . . . . . . . . . . 5.59 Paraquat 1.56 1.82 0.30 0.44 . . 0.74 0.43 22.17 1.40 0.22 2.53 0.81 32.43 Pendimethalin 86.75 45.81 4.75 . 2.25 2.34 . . 0.31 2.44 . . . 144.65 Pendimethalin/simazine 20.77 18.29 . . . . . . . . . . . 39.06 Phenmedipham 0.05 0.04 . . . . 0.03 . . 0.02 . 60.73 . 60.89 Propaquizafop . . . . . . 5.98 0.92 . 1.15 0.54 1.01 0.34 9.94 Propyzamide . . . . . . 64.22 . . . 2.53 0.08 3.35 70.17 Simazine 2.29 . . . . . . . . . 86.24 . 0.10 88.64 Tralkoxydim 16.16 14.35 10.20 0.04 0.26 . . . . . . . . 41.01 Tri-allate 457.90 111.92 8.33 . 1.85 . . . . . 0.31 12.12 0.02 592.45 Tribenuron-methyl 0.38 0.20 0.17 . . . . . . . . . . 0.75 Trifluralin 259.79 52.58 . 0.91 . 0.08 85.56 10.49 . 1.20 3.36 1.37 11.33 426.65 Triflusulfuron-methyl . . . . . . . . . . . 1.68 . 1.68 Other herbicides1 195.67 76.01 83.75 34.78 1.92 0.55 46.64 7.35 66.51 138.30 25.73 29.82 13.15 720.18All herbicides 4,760.19 1,544.18 377.44 75.33 16.36 7.44 550.48 125.24 264.29 225.69 157.35 555.39 195.14 8,854.52

1Other herbicides includes 2,4-D, 2,4-DB/MCPA, 2,4-DB/linuron/MCPA, Alloxydim-sodium, Atrazine, Benazolin, Benazolin/2,4-DB/MCPA, Benazolin/bromoxynil/ioxynil, Benazolin/clopyralid, Benazolin/dimefuron,Bentazone/MCPA/MCPB, Bentazone/MCPB, Bifenox/mecoprop, Bromoxynil, Bromoxynil/clopyralid, Bromoxynil/clopyralid/fluroxypyr/ioxynil, Bromoxynil/fluroxypyr, Bromoxynil/fluroxypyr/ioxynil,Bromoxynil/ioxynil/isoproturon, Bromoxynil/ioxynil/mecoprop, Carbetamide, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Carfentrazone-ethyl/isoproturon, Carfentrazone-ethyl/mecoprop-P, Carfentrazone-ethyl/metsulfuron-methyl,Chloridazon/lenacil, Chlorotoluron, Chlorpropham/fenuron/propham, Clodinafop-propargyl/diflufenican, Clodinafop-propargyl/diflufenican/isoproturon, Clopyralid/2,4-D/MCPA, Clopyralid/fluroxypyr/ioxynil,Clopyralid/fluroxypyr/triclopyr, Clopyralid/triclopyr, Cyanazine/fluroxypyr, Cyanazine/pendimethalin, Cyanazine/terbuthylazine, Desmetryn, Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop, Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop-P, Dicamba/mecoprop,Dicamba/mecoprop/triclopyr, Dichlorprop, Dichlorprop/MCPA, Diclofop-methyl, Difenzoquat, Diflufenican, Diflufenican/flurtamone/isoproturon, Diflufenican/terbuthylazine, Ethofumesate/metamitron/phenmedipham,Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl/isoproturon, Fenoxaprop-ethyl, Flamprop-M-isopropyl, Fluoroglycofen-ethyl/isoproturon, Fluoroglycofen-ethyl/triasulfuron, Flupyrsulfuron-methyl/metsulfuron-methyl, Flupyrsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl, Fomesafen/terbutryn, Glufosinate-ammonium, Glufosinate-ammonium/monolinuron, Imazamethabenz-methyl, Isoxaben, Isoxaben/methabenzthiazuron, Isoxaben/terbuthylazine,Lenacil/phenmedipham, Linuron/trifluralin, MCPA/MCPB, MCPB, Metazachlor/quinmerac, Methabenzthiazuron, Monolinuron, Monolinuron/paraquat, Pendimethalin/prometryn, Prometryn/terbutryn, Pyridate, Quizalofop-P-ethyl, Quizalofop-ethyl, Rimsulfuron, Sethoxydim, Simazine/trietazine, Tebutam, Terbuthylazine/terbutryn, Terbutryn, Terbutryn/trietazine, Thifensulfuron-methyl, Thifensulfuron-methyl/tribenuron-methyl & Triasulfuron




Insecticides and nematicides

Carbamate

Pirimicarb 7.16 0.05 0.27 . . . 1.94 . 8.49 5.06 1.30 3.21 0.59 28.08

Organochlorine

Gamma-HCH 7.98 3.18 2.69 . 0.25 . 1.35 0.46 . 0.19 . 0.55 0.18 16.84

Organophosphate

Chlorpyrifos 26.40 1.65 7.59 0.03 . . 0.10 0.23 . 0.30 . 0.98 0.18 37.46

Dimethoate 111.97 2.54 1.85 0.02 . 0.04 0.43 0.45 1.66 8.55 1.32 . . 128.83

Pyrethroid

Alpha-cypermethrin . . 0.01 . . . 1.44 0.01 . 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.06 1.58

Cypermethrin 27.06 10.36 0.62 0.64 0.12 0.10 9.20 0.33 0.64 1.46 0.81 0.48 0.76 52.59

Deltamethrin 0.35 0.08 0.01 0.02 . . 0.26 0.01 . 0.04 0.15 0.01 0.02 0.97

Esfenvalerate 0.37 0.23 . 0.01 0.01 . 0.04 . . . . . . 0.67

Lambda-cyhalothrin 1.29 0.40 0.02 0.05 . . 0.72 0.04 0.25 0.11 0.09 0.01 0.05 3.02

Tau-fluvalinate 1.27 . . . . . 0.02 . . . . . . 1.29

Zeta-cypermethrin 0.27 0.12 . . . . 0.20 . . . 0.02 . 0.01 0.62

Other insecticides and nematicides1 5.32 0.15 . . . . 1.76 . 140.22 3.17 0.03 29.23 . 179.88

All insecticides and nematicides 189.44 18.77 13.06 0.77 0.39 0.15 17.46 1.53 151.27 18.89 3.77 34.49 1.84 451.81

Molluscicides Metaldehyde 74.96 5.40 0.10 0.82 0.15 . 40.31 0.64 15.58 0.33 0.40 1.25 1.19 141.13 Methiocarb 10.35 1.16 0.06 0.55 . . 4.95 . 8.48 . 0.05 . . 25.61 Other molluscicides2 1.44 0.08 . . . . 0.51 . 2.39 . . 0.02 0.09 4.52All molluscicides 86.75 6.65 0.16 1.37 0.15 . 45.76 0.64 26.44 0.33 0.45 1.27 1.29 171.26

1Other insecticides and nematicides includes Aldicarb, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Chlorfenvinphos, Deltamethrin/heptenophos, Deltamethrin/pirimicarb, Demeton-S-methyl, Disulfoton, Ethoprophos, Fenitrothion, Fenvalerate,Fosthiazate, Lambda-cyhalothrin/pirimicarb, Omethoate, Oxamyl, Phorate, Triazamate & Triazophos

2Other molluscicides were Thiodicarb




Growth regulators

2-chloroethylphosphonic acid 18.67 11.35 1.32 0.02 . 0.33 . . . . . . . 31.69

2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat 58.77 52.38 3.47 2.18 1.84 0.03 . . . . . . . 118.68

Chlormequat 1,612.96 375.20 5.33 60.06 6.69 6.61 17.10 5.17 . 0.26 . . 2.82 2,092.19

Chlormequat chloride/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat

9.91 6.27 0.02 0.09 0.51 . . . . . . . . 16.80

Chlormequat/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid 16.75 11.74 0.22 0.07 . 1.53 . . . . . . . 30.32

Chlormequat/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/ imazaquin

39.74 22.79 0.27 . . . . . . . . . . 62.80

Chlormequat/choline chloride 314.60 97.76 7.10 41.10 2.49 5.08 21.04 4.01 . . . . 1.18 494.36

Chlormequat/choline chloride/imazaquin 181.54 . . 0.13 . . . . . 0.19 . . . 181.85

Trinexapac-ethyl 12.84 9.02 0.22 0.05 0.09 0.10 . . . . . . . 22.32

Other growth regulators1 0.23 1.86 . . . . . . 30.93 . . . . 33.02

All growth regulators 2,266.02 588.36 17.96 103.71 11.63 13.68 38.13 9.18 30.93 0.45 . . 3.99 3,084.03

1Other growth regulators includes 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat chloride, Maleic hydrazide & unspecified growth regulators




Fungicide seed treatments Bitertanol/fuberidazole 89.86 . 0.02 3.84 0.12 0.31 . . . . . . . 94.15 Carboxin/thiram 9.68 1.79 1.54 2.40 . . . . . . . . . 15.42 Ethirimol/flutriafol/thiabendazole 1.39 15.31 4.89 0.15 . . . . . . . . . 21.74 Fludioxonil 3.61 0.18 0.10 0.05 . 0.02 . . . . . . . 3.97 Fuberidazole/triadimenol 25.24 2.19 0.38 0.10 0.50 0.02 . . . . . . . 28.42 Guazatine 27.79 2.51 4.87 1.32 . 0.13 . . . . . . . 36.63 Guazatine/imazalil 1.67 5.44 2.74 0.92 . . . . . . . . . 10.76 Hymexazol . . . . . . . . . . . 12.74 . 12.74 Imazalil . . . . . . . . 1.52 . . . . 1.52 Iprodione . . . . . . 1.21 0.49 1.29 . . . 0.15 3.15 Prochloraz . . . . . . . 0.44 . . . . 0.01 0.45 Tebuconazole . 0.13 0.07 . . . . . . . . . . 0.20 Tebuconazole/triazoxide 0.04 5.06 4.05 0.01 . . . . . . . . . 9.16 Thiram . . . . . . 0.02 . . 10.27 1.15 4.55 0.01 16.00

Insecticide seed treatments Gamma-HCH 19.97 6.05 4.28 0.04 . . 1.14 . . . . . . 31.47 Imidacloprid . . . . . . . . . . . 12.99 . 12.99

Mixed seed treatments etc. Carboxin/gamma-HCH/thiram . . . . . . 12.06 18.54 . . . . 0.90 31.49 Fenpropimorph/gamma-HCH/thiram . . . . . . 24.57 8.46 . . . . 1.99 35.02 Gamma-HCH/thiram . . . . . . 4.77 6.56 . . 0.67 . 1.06 13.06

Other seed treatments1 10.79 2.14 0.78 0.12 . . 0.55 0.47 39.35 5.20 0.85 0.19 . 60.43

All seed treatments 190.05 40.79 23.72 8.95 0.62 0.48 44.32 34.96 42.16 15.47 2.67 30.46 4.10 438.75

1Other seed treatments includes Anthraquinone, Carboxin/imazalil/thiabendazole, Captan/gamma-HCH, Carboxin/thiabendazole, Chlorfenvinphos, Drazoxolon, Fenpiclonil, Fenpiclonil/metalaxyl, Fonofos, Gamma-HCH/thiabendazole/thiram, Imazalil/pencycuron, Maneb/zinc oxide, Metalaxyl, Metalaxyl/thiabendazole, Metalaxyl/thiabendazole/thiram, Pencycuron, Tefluthrin, Thiabendazole, Thiabendazole/thiram, Tolclofos-methyl,unspecified DPD seed treatments & unspecified basic seed treatments


Table 9 Wheat: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Eyespot Eyespot/ Mildew Septoria Rusts Flag/ear Mixed reasons Seed Reasons Total area Totalother diseases diseases given treatments unspecified treated tonnes

Fungicides Anilazine . . . 1,155 . 595 13,476 . 32,443 47,669 25.09

Azoxystrobin . . 7,098 2,995 897 27,288 84,035 . 604,697 727,011 71.15

Azoxystrobin/fenpropimorph . . . . . 983 12,886 . 31,336 45,205 12.99

Bitertanol/fuberidazole . . . . . . . 822,028 . 822,028 89.86

Carbendazim . . . 3,928 . 5,318 32,192 . 245,344 286,782 50.47

Carbendazim/chlorothalonil . . . 377 . . 1,531 . 1,584 3,491 1.37

Carbendazim/flusilazole . 1,080 797 1,640 . 670 7,792 . 37,661 49,641 10.84

Carbendazim/propiconazole . . . . . . 9,929 . 4,277 14,206 2.67

Carboxin/thiram . . . . . . . 44,600 . 44,600 9.68

Chlorothalonil . . 3,705 62,427 11,132 19,617 93,075 . 788,666 978,623 405.75

Chlorothalonil/cyproconazole . . . 1,834 582 . 15,008 . 146,105 163,528 77.93

Chlorothalonil/flutriafol . . 3,970 7,991 . 167 19,722 . 41,976 73,825 43.96

Cyproconazole . 120 1,107 18,438 10,642 5,523 43,781 . 314,044 393,655 17.62

Cyproconazole/prochloraz 1,088 1,763 759 3,404 . 4,117 39,218 . 189,624 239,973 59.70

Cyprodinil 5,008 1,456 942 656 . . 5,519 . 91,517 105,097 39.32

Difenoconazole . . . 2,314 . 15,790 18,146 . 90,525 126,776 5.90

Epoxiconazole 511 1,505 2,019 52,925 9,459 23,159 112,031 . 825,614 1,027,223 65.23

Epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph . . 2,959 1,987 . . 3,196 . 26,460 34,602 8.85

Epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph/kresoxim-methyl . . 910 7,660 5,203 1,368 27,614 . 256,464 299,218 69.31

Epoxiconazole/kresoxim-methyl . 210 908 9,933 11,273 3,233 83,934 . 322,509 432,000 60.62

Ethirimol/flutriafol/thiabendazole . . . . . . . 3,554 . 3,554 1.39

Fenbuconazole . . 921 1,480 . 324 3,390 . 45,536 51,651 2.24

Fenbuconazole/propiconazole . . . 6,441 . 28 5,430 . 81,043 92,942 8.61

Fenpropidin . . 15,027 7,292 8,254 15,670 37,815 . 268,849 352,908 89.54

Fenpropidin/fenpropimorph . . 14,310 328 . 318 7,344 . 121,784 144,083 32.16

Fenpropidin/propiconazole . . 230 83 . . 7,298 . 23,460 31,072 8.28

Fenpropidin/propiconazole/tebuconazole . . 2,448 . 762 653 . . 37,268 41,131 13.90

Fenpropidin/tebuconazole . . 322 . 2,363 373 5,075 . 46,884 55,017 17.19

Fenpropimorph . . 4,099 106 2,092 3,399 29,771 . 100,204 139,671 33.89

Fenpropimorph/flusilazole . . . 3,156 . . 948 . 11,183 15,287 7.70

Fenpropimorph/flusilazole/tridemorph . . . . . 61 3,199 . 25,296 28,556 9.22

Fenpropimorph/kresoxim-methyl . . 4,436 1,054 . 5,312 20,863 . 117,152 148,818 25.64


Table 9 (cont.) Wheat: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Eyespot Eyespot/ Mildew Septoria Rusts Flag/ear Mixed reasons Seed Reasons Total area Totalother diseases diseases given treatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Fungicides (cont.) Fenpropimorph/propiconazole . . 440 . . . 7,137 . 43,283 50,861 11.56

Fenpropimorph/quinoxyfen . . 850 . . . 7,582 . 22,757 31,189 5.67

Fenpropimorph/tridemorph . . 333 . . . 1,250 . 25,295 26,878 9.07

Fludioxonil . . . . . . . 402,786 . 402,786 3.61

Flusilazole . . 1,047 1,221 . 1,830 20,711 . 126,193 151,001 15.61

Flutriafol . . 1,714 3,501 2,524 3,541 25,819 . 218,910 256,009 16.52

Fuberidazole/triadimenol . . . . . . . 332,336 . 332,336 25.24

Guazatine . . . . . . . 249,679 . 249,679 27.79

Guazatine/imazalil . . . . . . . 13,121 . 13,121 1.67

Iprodione/thiophanate-methyl . . . . . . . . 162 162 0.02

Mancozeb . . . 419 . 1,391 10,434 . 49,127 61,371 49.47

Prochloraz 1,629 1,267 . . . . 2,598 . 24,801 30,295 7.66

Propiconazole . . 752 . . 1,716 1,798 . 52,685 56,951 4.97

Propiconazole/tebuconazole . . 1,263 1,263 2,148 4,629 8,200 . 106,940 124,442 22.16

Quinoxyfen . . 17,224 . . 224 20,120 . 108,909 146,477 8.23

Spiroxamine . . 3,189 . . 499 16,654 . 51,568 71,910 15.82

Tebuconazole . . 5,405 27,076 9,630 18,065 89,782 522 542,417 692,897 80.81

Tebuconazole/triadimenol . . 680 8,184 2,735 11,208 26,923 . 252,457 302,186 50.42

Tebuconazole/triazoxide . . . . . . . 3,932 . 3,932 0.04

Tridemorph . . 231 . . . 131 . 12,130 12,491 2.50

Vinclozolin . . . . . . . . 984 984 0.34

Other fungicides1 . 1,126 3,345 4,534 2,678 6,118 69,910 20,825 211,343 319,879 120.40

All fungicides 8236 8,527 103,440 245,802 82,374 183,187 1,053,267 1,893,383 6,779,466 10,357,680 1857.65

Sulphur . . 11,993 . . 392 2,588 . 38,835 53,808 161.74

1Other fungicides includes Bromuconazole, Carbendazim/chlorothalonil/maneb, Carbendazim/cyproconazole, Carbendazim/flutriafol, Carbendazim/mancozeb, Carbendazim/maneb, Carbendazim/maneb/sulphur,Carbendazim/maneb/tridemorph, Carbendazim/prochloraz, Carboxin/thiabendazole, Chlorothalonil/mancozeb, Chlorothalonil/propamocarb hydrochloride, Chlorothalonil/propiconazole, Copper oxychloride,Cyproconazole/tridemorph, Difenzoquat (f), Epoxiconazole/tridemorph, Fenbuconazole/fenpropimorph, Fenbuconazole/prochloraz, Fenpiclonil, Fenpropidin/prochloraz, Fenpropimorph/prochloraz, Flusilazole/tridemorph,Flutriafol/iprodione, Maneb, Prochloraz/propiconazole, Prochloraz/tebuconazole, Propiconazole/tridemorph, Spiroxamine/tebuconazole, Tebuconazole/tridemorph, Triadimenol, Triadimenol/tridemorph & unspecifiedfungicides



Broad leaved Cleavers Black grass/ Grass weeds General weed Volunteers Growth Reasons Total area Totalweeds wild oats control regulator unspecified treated Tonnes

Growth regulators

2-chloroethylphosphonic acid . . . . . . 94,168 . 94,168 18.67

2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat . . . . . . 160,221 . 160,221 58.77

Chlormequat . . . . . . 1,504,944 . 1,504,944 1,612.96

Chlormequat chloride/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/ mepiquat

. . . . . . 25,929 . 25,929 9.91

Chlormequat/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid . . . . . . 38,209 . 38,209 16.75

Chlormequat/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/imazaquin . . . . . . 35,548 . 35,548 39.74

Chlormequat/choline chloride . . . . . . 291,976 . 291,976 314.60

Chlormequat/choline chloride/imazaquin . . . . . . 303,991 . 303,991 181.54

Trinexapac-ethyl . . . . . . 249,567 . 249,567 12.84

Other growth regulators1 . . . . . . 673 . 673 0.23

All growth regulators . . . . . . 2,705,226 . 2,705,226 2,266.02

Herbicides

Amidosulfuron 24,533 12,311 4,650 . 8,689 62 . 194,029 244,274 4.86

Bromoxynil/diflufenican/ioxynil 2,114 . 111 . 2,121 . . 28,793 33,138 11.97

Bromoxynil/ioxynil 7,604 . . . 4,587 . . 79,625 91,816 29.89

Bromoxynil/ioxynil/mecoprop-P 1,751 . . . 2,820 825 . 14,895 20,291 19.42

Bromoxynil/ioxynil/triasulfuron 626 . . . 275 . . 7,814 8,716 2.73

Carfentrazone-ethyl/flupyrsulfuron-methyl 115 . 331 . 4,715 . . 19,439 24,600 0.69

Chloridazon/ethofumesate . . . . . . . 222 222 0.38

Clodinafop-propargyl 2,311 . 44,862 4,756 7,269 493 . 172,029 231,721 6.65

Clodinafop-propargyl/trifluralin 1,341 . 14,563 2,295 3,012 . . 115,545 136,756 111.50

Cyanazine 1,009 . . 153 522 . . 5,846 7,531 6.04

Dicamba/mecoprop-P 860 . 287 . 3,616 3,807 . 33,210 41,780 15.13

Diclofop-methyl/fenoxaprop-P-ethyl . . 24 . . . . 467 492 0.37

Diflufenican/isoproturon 54,397 . 8,118 7,131 86,571 720 . 705,174 862,111 514.88

Diflufenican/trifluralin 1,100 . 143 . 8,509 . . 38,073 47,825 19.21

Diquat . . 106 . . . . 559 665 0.29

Diquat/paraquat . . . . . . . 8,784 8,784 4.53

Ethofumesate/phenmedipham . . . . 767 . . 538 1,305 0.46

Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 732 241 65,723 5,476 7,515 746 . 232,171 312,603 14.62

1Other growth regulators were 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat chloride




Herbicides (cont.)

Fluazifop-P-butyl . . . . . . . 105 105 0.01

Fluroxypyr 14,199 101,435 372 . 16,794 700 . 604,933 738,432 85.75

Fluroxypyr/metosulam 2,057 1,995 . . 3,316 593 . 29,048 37,009 2.51

Glyphosate 494 . 422 24,236 20,294 7,954 . 209,012 262,412 199.86

Isoproturon 14,251 . 52,465 54,726 114,129 980 . 1,075,723 1,312,274 1,862.14

Isoproturon/pendimethalin 2,470 . 10,598 733 18,836 . . 120,583 153,220 245.41

Isoproturon/simazine 1,842 . 2,828 384 6,126 . . 72,916 84,097 91.12

Isoproturon/trifluralin 183 . 397 763 2,284 . . 34,772 38,398 56.66

Linuron . . . . . . . 299 299 0.12

MCPA 3,663 . . . 3,654 . . 40,425 47,742 40.00

Mecoprop 14,028 1,915 . . 10,997 5,890 . 134,948 167,777 166.12

Mecoprop-P 31,019 3,038 . . 19,258 16,231 . 269,205 338,751 201.03

Metsulfuron-methyl 104,268 387 6,114 314 14,258 3,485 . 373,534 502,360 2.19

Metsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl 13,479 . 583 . 3,165 57 . 48,368 65,650 2.35

Paraquat . . . . . 174 . 3,258 3,433 1.56

Pendimethalin 1,998 . 1,396 2,288 6,924 . . 82,587 95,193 86.75

Pendimethalin/simazine 434 . . . 3,647 . . 20,507 24,588 20.77

Phenmedipham . . . . . . . 471 471 0.05

Propaquizafop . . . 7 . . . . 7 < 0.01

Simazine . . . . . . . 5,565 5,565 2.29

Tralkoxydim . . 2,879 7,174 445 . . 45,835 56,332 16.16

Tri-allate . . 21,730 6,231 919 . . 187,294 216,174 457.90

Tribenuron-methyl 6,689 . . . 505 . . 24,078 31,272 0.38

Trifluralin 12,385 636 4,689 218 21,236 431 . 236,902 276,497 259.79

Other herbicides1 6,767 3,941 18,701 5,038 11,670 823 . 263,201 310,141 195.67

All herbicides 328,719 125,898 262,090 121,925 419,445 43,970 . 5,540,783 6,842,830 4,760.19

1Other herbicides includes 2,4-D, Alloxydim-sodium, Atrazine, Benazolin/2,4-DB/MCPA, Benazolin/bromoxynil/ioxynil, Benazolin/dimefuron, Bifenox/mecoprop, Bromoxynil/clopyralid,Bromoxynil/clopyralid/fluroxypyr/ioxynil, Bromoxynil/fluroxypyr, Bromoxynil/fluroxypyr/ioxynil, Bromoxynil/ioxynil/mecoprop, Carfentrazone-ethyl/isoproturon, Carfentrazone-ethyl/mecoprop-P, Carfentrazone-ethyl/metsulfuron-methyl, Chlorotoluron, Clodinafop-propargyl/diflufenican, Clodinafop-propargyl/diflufenican/isoproturon, Clopyralid/fluroxypyr/ioxynil, Cyanazine/fluroxypyr, Cyanazine/pendimethalin,Cyanazine/terbuthylazine, Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop, Dicamba/mecoprop/triclopyr, Diclofop-methyl, Difenzoquat, Diflufenican, Diflufenican/flurtamone/isoproturon, Diflufenican/terbuthylazine, Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl/isoproturon, Fenoxaprop-ethyl, Flamprop-M-isopropyl, Fluoroglycofen-ethyl/isoproturon, Flupyrsulfuron-methyl/metsulfuron-methyl, Flupyrsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl, Imazamethabenz-methyl, Isoxaben,Isoxaben/methabenzthiazuron, Linuron/trifluralin, MCPA/MCPB, Quizalofop-P-ethyl, Terbutryn, Thifensulfuron-methyl/tribenuron-methyl & unspecified herbicides



Aphids Wheat bulb Slugs Other Seed Reasons Total area Totalfly pests treatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Insecticides Alpha-cypermethrin 311 . . . . 419 729 < 0.10 Chlorpyrifos 454 10,386 . 4,508 . 26,553 41,901 26.40 Cypermethrin 179,512 . . 1,222 . 949,303 1,130,038 27.06 Deltamethrin 8,400 . . 712 . 52,574 61,685 0.35 Dimethoate 45,271 28,955 . 5,866 . 242,792 322,883 111.97 Esfenvalerate 24,621 . . . . 93,132 117,753 0.37 Gamma-HCH 529 . . 3,139 61,431 4,557 69,657 27.95 Lambda-cyhalothrin 66,337 . . 654 . 254,490 321,481 1.29 Pirimicarb 6,347 . . . . 81,488 87,835 7.16 Tau-fluvalinate 11,294 . . . . 37,401 48,695 1.27 Zeta-cypermethrin 11,818 . . . . 12,358 24,176 0.27 Other insecticides1 1,137 3,479 . . 38,094 17,863 60,572 12.22All insecticides 356,031 42,820 . 16,101 99,525 1,772,931 2,287,407 216.31

Molluscicides Metaldehyde . . 188,776 . . . 188,776 74.96 Methiocarb . . 61,669 . . . 61,669 10.35 Other molluscicides2 . . 8,945 . . . 8,945 1.44All molluscicides . . 259,389 . . . 259,389 86.75

Repellents Other repellents3 . . . . 62 . 62 0.01

Mixed seed treatments etc. Unspecified seed treatments . . . . 98,170 . 98,170 . Other mixed seed treatments4 . . . . 12,752 . 12,752 .All mixed seed treatments . . . . 110,921 . 110,921 .

1Other insecticides includes Chlorfenvinphos, Deltamethrin/pirimicarb, Demeton-S-methyl, Fonofos, Lambda-cyhalothrin/pirimicarb & Tefluthrin

2Other molluscicides includes Thiodicarb & unspecified molluscicides

3Other repellents were Anthraquinone

4Other mixed seed treatments includes unspecified DPD & SPD seed treatments


Table 10 Winter barley: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Rusts Eyespot/ Mildew Net Rhynchosporium Mixed reasons Seed Reasons Total area Totalother diseases blotch given treatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Fungicides

Anilazine . . . . . . . 1,476 1,476 0.71

Azoxystrobin 1,576 . 657 . . 19,003 . 59,082 80,319 8.60

Azoxystrobin/fenpropimorph . . 545 . . 3,870 . 13,926 18,341 6.23

Carbendazim 375 . 566 . 18,200 20,435 . 122,563 162,139 30.25

Carbendazim/chlorothalonil . . . . . 210 . 1,682 1,893 1.03

Carbendazim/flusilazole 1,582 . 2,316 1,802 9,318 47,993 . 87,752 150,764 25.11

Carbendazim/propiconazole . 86 180 89 . 11,357 . 8,152 19,864 3.65

Carboxin/thiram . . . . . . 8,738 . 8,738 1.79

Chlorothalonil . . . . . 1,075 . 9,367 10,442 4.98

Chlorothalonil/cyproconazole . . . . . . . 1,572 1,572 0.41

Cyproconazole . . . . . 440 . 19,326 19,766 0.78

Cyproconazole/prochloraz . 592 . . . 4,194 . 21,538 26,325 12.89

Cyprodinil . 1,319 . 428 2,281 17,585 . 127,359 148,973 44.31

Difenoconazole . . . . . 293 . . 293 0.01

Epoxiconazole 1,405 . 364 539 419 24,322 . 148,258 175,307 9.71

Epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph . . . . 1,427 9,575 . 23,938 34,940 6.94

Epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph/kresoxim-methyl . . . . . 966 . 17,465 18,432 3.57

Epoxiconazole/kresoxim-methyl . . . . . 2,981 . 18,836 21,817 2.38

Ethirimol/flutriafol/thiabendazole . . . . . . 42,754 . 42,754 15.31

Fenbuconazole . . . . . 405 . 6,949 7,354 0.37

Fenbuconazole/propiconazole . . . . . . . 6,923 6,923 0.73

Fenpropidin 1,016 86 1,278 51 . 5,266 . 24,280 31,978 6.59

Fenpropidin/fenpropimorph . . 7,161 . . 4,576 . 52,383 64,119 17.28

Fenpropidin/propiconazole . . 719 150 . 5,317 . 17,131 23,316 7.00

Fenpropidin/propiconazole/tebuconazole . . . . . . . 5,868 5,868 1.58

Fenpropimorph 1,054 . 17,819 . 2,838 60,325 . 113,273 195,310 49.54

Fenpropimorph/flusilazole . . . . 242 3,952 . 37,049 41,243 15.00

Fenpropimorph/flusilazole/tridemorph . . . . . 7,163 . 65,406 72,569 26.22

Fenpropimorph/kresoxim-methyl . . . . . 3,383 . 4,566 7,948 1.20

Fenpropimorph/propiconazole . . 461 . 5,048 9,896 . 41,360 56,766 16.29

Fenpropimorph/quinoxyfen . . 210 . . 3,546 . 4,627 8,383 1.12


Table 10 (cont.) Winter barley: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Rusts Eyespot/ Mildew Net Rhynchosporium Mixed reasons Seed Reasons Total area Totalother diseases blotch given treatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Fungicides (cont.)

Fenpropimorph/tridemorph 1,104 . 6,082 . . 10,374 . 44,475 62,035 15.47

Fludioxonil . . . . . . 20,502 . 20,502 0.18

Flusilazole 102 . 9,234 699 4,616 61,811 . 190,219 266,681 28.21

Flutriafol . . . . . 369 . 4,201 4,570 0.44

Fuberidazole/triadimenol . . . . . . 29,996 . 29,996 2.19

Guazatine . . . . . . 20,991 . 20,991 2.51

Guazatine/imazalil . . . . . . 45,631 . 45,631 5.44

Iprodione/thiophanate-methyl . . . . . . . 1,059 1,059 1.06

Mancozeb . . 257 . . 3,157 . 667 4,081 3.89

Prochloraz . 347 210 . . 1,148 . 4,347 6,052 1.29

Propiconazole 377 . 1,926 682 2,705 11,440 . 58,697 75,826 6.09

Propiconazole/tebuconazole . . . . . 2,114 . 15,921 18,035 2.94

Quinoxyfen . . 4,741 . . 10,549 . 33,751 49,041 2.41

Spiroxamine 1,647 . 7,644 . 1,120 15,745 . 26,550 52,705 14.03

Tebuconazole 502 . . 464 . 8,505 26,431 37,999 73,901 4.79

Tebuconazole/triadimenol . . . . . 2,138 . 7,818 9,957 1.55

Tebuconazole/triazoxide . . . . . . 493,726 . 493,726 5.06

Tridemorph 863 347 3,065 . . 2,636 . 40,798 47,709 10.88

Other fungicides1 . 1,267 6,452 1,374 346 33,864 15,467 84,864 143,635 56.78

All fungicides 11603 4,044 71,887 6,278 48560 431,978 704,236 1,613,473 2,892,065 486.79

Sulphur . . 4,005 . . 807 . 5,307 10,120 29.27

1Other fungicides includes enomyl, Bromuconazole, Carbendazim/chlorothalonil/maneb, Carbendazim/cyproconazole, Carbendazim/iprodione, Carbendazim/mancozeb, Carbendazim/maneb/tridemorph,Carbendazim/prochloraz, Carboxin/imazalil/thiabendazole, Carboxin/thiabendazole, Chlorothalonil/propamocarb hydrochloride, Copper oxychloride, Cyproconazole/tridemorph, Epoxiconazole/tridemorph,Fenbuconazole/fenpropimorph, Fenbuconazole/prochloraz, Fenbuconazole/tridemorph, Fenpiclonil, Fenpropidin/prochloraz, Fenpropimorph/prochloraz, Flusilazole/tridemorph, Maneb, Propiconazole/tridemorph,Spiroxamine/tebuconazole, Tebuconazole/tridemorph, Triadimenol & Triadimenol/tridemorph




Growth regulators

2-chloroethylphosphonic acid . . . . . . 49,349 . 49,349 11.35

2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat . . . . . . 114,032 . 114,032 52.38

Chlormequat . . . . . . 346,789 . 346,789 375.20


. . . . . . 15,988 . 15,988 6.27

Chlormequat/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid . . . . . . 24,627 . 24,627 11.74

Chlormequat/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/imazaquin . . . . . . 17,332 . 17,332 22.79

Chlormequat/choline chloride . . . . . . 89,329 . 89,329 97.76

Trinexapac-ethyl . . . . . . 167,851 . 167,851 9.02

Other growth regulators1 . . . . . . 5,183 . 5,183 1.86

All growth regulators . . . . . . 830,480 . 830,480 588.36

Herbicides

Amidosulfuron 6,922 254 . . 1,347 . . 31,755 40,278 0.76

Bromoxynil/diflufenican/ioxynil 295 . . . 795 . . 6,229 7,319 3.00

Bromoxynil/ioxynil 4,326 . . . . . . 33,351 37,677 12.26

Bromoxynil/ioxynil/mecoprop-P . . . . 227 . . 1,280 1,506 1.35

Bromoxynil/ioxynil/triasulfuron 1,140 . . . 1,427 . . 863 3,431 0.68

Clodinafop-propargyl . . . . . . . 485 485 0.01

Dicamba/mecoprop-P 883 . . . 272 . . 5,968 7,123 2.81

Diclofop-methyl/fenoxaprop-P-ethyl . . 11,996 72 . . . 26,591 38,659 26.79

Diflufenican/isoproturon 37,467 . 2,626 4,286 43,212 . . 269,912 357,503 210.36

Diflufenican/trifluralin . . . . 1,751 . . 13,418 15,169 6.24

Diquat . . . 104 156 702 . 2,579 3,541 1.80

Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl . . 1,001 . . . . 1,246 2,246 0.11

Fluroxypyr 3,663 1,537 340 . 1,628 420 . 112,148 119,737 13.57

Fluroxypyr/metosulam . . . . 494 . . 10,220 10,714 0.66

Glyphosate 464 . . 3,713 6,860 1,502 . 83,959 96,497 64.70

Isoproturon 7,194 . 9,060 33,351 44,409 . . 309,794 403,809 521.97

Isoproturon/pendimethalin 3,374 . 8,628 . 13,321 . . 92,910 118,233 184.75

Isoproturon/simazine . . . 437 2,001 . . 30,718 33,156 34.44

Isoproturon/trifluralin 1,003 . . 626 4,424 . . 33,675 39,727 53.37

1Other growth regulators includes 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat chloride & unspecified growth regulators




Herbicides (cont.)

Linuron . . . . . . . 1,847 1,847 0.75

MCPA 390 . . . 403 . . 4,855 5,648 4.57

Mecoprop 6,182 347 . . 802 1,274 . 23,027 31,632 29.77

Mecoprop-P 8,278 . . . 6,355 3,520 . 82,852 101,006 47.88

Metsulfuron-methyl 28,366 . . . 4,406 . . 70,704 103,476 0.44

Metsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl 2,657 . . . . . . 1,382 4,039 0.12

Paraquat . . . . . . . 5,283 5,283 1.82

Pendimethalin 2,669 . 51 . 4,881 . . 44,665 52,267 45.81

Pendimethalin/simazine . . . . 74 . . 21,340 21,415 18.29

Phenmedipham . . . . . . . 196 196 0.04

Propaquizafop . . . 1 . . . . 1 < 0.01

Tralkoxydim . . 14,531 210 1,407 . . 33,338 49,486 14.35

Tri-allate . . 4,246 2,317 460 . . 49,168 56,192 111.92

Tribenuron-methyl 2,499 . . . 996 . . 12,917 16,411 0.20

Trifluralin 1,610 . 1,181 447 8,860 . . 44,118 56,216 52.58

Other herbicides1 5,462 . 18,980 1,303 5,393 668 . 74,296 106,102 76.01

All herbicides 124,846 2,138 72,639 46,866 156,362 8,087 . 1,537,088 1,948,026 1,544.18

1Other herbicides includes 2,4-DB/linuron/MCPA, Atrazine, Benazolin/bromoxynil/ioxynil, Bromoxynil, Bromoxynil/fluroxypyr, Bromoxynil/fluroxypyr/ioxynil, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Carfentrazone-ethyl/isoproturon,Carfentrazone-ethyl/metsulfuron-methyl, Chlorotoluron, Cyanazine/fluroxypyr, Cyanazine/terbuthylazine, Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop, Dichlorprop, Diclofop-methyl, Difenzoquat, Diflufenican,Diflufenican/flurtamone/isoproturon, Diflufenican/terbuthylazine, Flamprop-M-isopropyl, Fluoroglycofen-ethyl/isoproturon, Imazamethabenz-methyl, Linuron/trifluralin, MCPB, Terbutryn, Thifensulfuron-methyl/tribenuron-methyl & unspecified herbicides



Aphids Slugs Other Seed Reasons Total area Totalpests treatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Insecticides Chlorpyrifos . . 665 . 934 1,599 1.65 Cypermethrin 103,953 . 755 . 335,361 440,068 10.36 Deltamethrin 6,850 . . . 8,707 15,557 0.08 Dimethoate 2,123 . 349 . 6,304 8,776 2.54 Esfenvalerate 12,725 . . . 52,272 64,997 0.23 Gamma-HCH . . 1,563 20,507 1,994 24,065 9.23 Lambda-cyhalothrin 13,341 . . . 94,925 108,266 0.40 Pirimicarb . . . . 608 608 0.05 Zeta-cypermethrin 3,486 . . . 5,986 9,472 0.12 Other insecticides1 234 . . . 1,062 1,296 0.15All insecticides 142,712 . 3,332 20,507 508,154 674,705 24.81

Molluscicides Metaldehyde . 16,484 . . . 16,484 5.40 Methiocarb . 5,588 . . . 5,588 1.16 Other molluscicides2 . 409 . . . 409 0.08All molluscicides . 22,481 . . . 22,481 6.65

Mixed seed treatments etc. Unspecified seed treatments . . . 41,421 . 41,421 . Other mixed seed treatments3 . . . 1,224 . 1,224 .All mixed seed treatments . . . 42,645 . 42,645 .

1Other insecticides includes Deltamethrin/heptenophos & Fenvalerate


3Other mixed seed treatments were unspecified SPD seed treatments


Table 11 Spring barley: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Mildew Rhynchosporium Mixed reasons Aphids Other Seed Reasons Total area Totalgiven pests treatments unspecified treated tonnes

Fungicides

Azoxystrobin . . 3,909 . . . 2,931 6,840 0.71

Azoxystrobin/fenpropimorph . 238 1,081 . . . 912 2,231 0.63

Bitertanol/fuberidazole . . . . . 121 . 121 0.02

Carbendazim . 5,244 11,362 . . . 64,050 80,657 14.22

Carbendazim/chlorothalonil . 4,161 5,409 . . . 795 10,365 3.65

Carbendazim/flusilazole . 20,516 40,124 . . . 39,592 100,233 13.44

Carbendazim/propiconazole . 1,671 6,067 . . . 6,776 14,513 2.05

Carboxin/thiram . . . . . 6,314 . 6,314 1.54

Chlorothalonil . 1,256 2,100 . . . 5,544 8,901 7.11

Chlorothalonil/cyproconazole . . . . . . 728 728 0.15

Cyproconazole . 44 818 . . . 1,960 2,822 0.12

Cyproconazole/prochloraz . 38 . . . . 651 689 0.25

Cyprodinil . 5,932 12,512 . . . 5,089 23,533 6.15

Epoxiconazole . . 13,290 . . . 18,232 31,522 1.61

Epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph . 236 246 . . . 721 1,203 0.28

Epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph/kresoxim-methyl . . . . . . 3,748 3,748 1.39

Epoxiconazole/kresoxim-methyl . . 1,792 . . . 193 1,985 0.18

Ethirimol/flutriafol/thiabendazole . . . . . 13,343 . 13,343 4.89

Fenpropidin 958 . 3,435 . . . 3,909 8,302 2.58

Fenpropidin/fenpropimorph . 1,118 12,927 . . . 12,868 26,913 7.14

Fenpropidin/propiconazole . . 3,426 . . . 919 4,345 2.03

Fenpropidin/propiconazole/tebuconazole . . . . . . 415 415 0.05

Fenpropidin/tebuconazole . . 1,716 . . . 178 1,894 0.47

Fenpropimorph 6,645 2,244 70,541 . . . 28,414 107,844 29.43

Fenpropimorph/flusilazole . . 2,110 . . . 16,531 18,641 4.97

Fenpropimorph/flusilazole/tridemorph 383 . 5,142 . . . 16,193 21,719 5.53

Fenpropimorph/kresoxim-methyl . . 1,960 . . . 4,796 6,756 0.97

Fenpropimorph/propiconazole . 697 10,656 . . . 12,836 24,189 7.25

Fenpropimorph/quinoxyfen . . 4,335 . . . 646 4,981 0.88

Fenpropimorph/tridemorph . . 10,491 . . . 7,800 18,291 4.00

Fludioxonil . . . . . 11,327 . 11,327 0.10

Flusilazole 146 6,821 48,205 . . . 82,279 137,451 12.64

Flutriafol . . . . . . 2,214 2,214 0.13

Fuberidazole/triadimenol . . . . . 4,354 . 4,354 0.38

Guazatine . . . . . 39,105 . 39,105 4.87


Table 11 (cont.) Spring barley: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Mildew Rhynchosporium Mixed reasons Aphids Other Seed Reasons Total area Totalgiven pests treatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Fungicides (cont.)

Guazatine/imazalil . . . . . 21,602 . 21,602 2.74

Mancozeb . 996 1,673 . . . . 2,669 1.30

Prochloraz . . . . . . 208 208 0.04

Propiconazole 5,513 9,553 19,661 . . . 18,615 53,342 4.58

Propiconazole/tebuconazole . . 2,445 . . . 3,291 5,736 1.09

Quinoxyfen . . 18,813 . . . 8,973 27,785 1.49

Spiroxamine . . 8,779 . . . 7,520 16,299 3.65

Tebuconazole . . 4,734 . . 15,061 6,790 26,585 1.10

Tebuconazole/triadimenol . 41 . . . . 7,581 7,622 1.07

Tebuconazole/triazoxide . . . . . 291,331 . 291,331 4.05

Tridemorph . 200 10,789 . . . 10,087 21,076 4.70

Other fungicides1 . 4,235 36,220 . . 5,553 20,494 66,502 22.18

All fungicides 13645 65,241 376,768 . . 408,111 425,479 1,289,246 189.80

Sulphur 8,518 . 435 . . . 10,263 19,216 57.51

Insecticides

Alpha-cypermethrin . . . 891 . . . 891 0.01

Chlorpyrifos . . . . 2,848 . 8,650 11,498 7.59

Cypermethrin . . . 1,193 . . 24,459 25,652 0.62

Deltamethrin . . . . . . 838 838 0.01

Dimethoate . . . . . . 3,620 3,620 1.85

Esfenvalerate . . . 107 . . 77 184 < 0.01

Gamma-HCH . . . . 873 21,571 1,762 24,207 6.97

Lambda-cyhalothrin . . . . . . 4,594 4,594 0.02

Pirimicarb . . . 1,936 33 . 59 2,028 0.27

Other insecticides2 . . . . . 7,071 . 7,071 0.22

All insecticides . . . 4,128 3,755 28,642 44,058 80,582 17.56

1Other fungicides includes Benomyl, Bromuconazole, Carbendazim/flutriafol, Carbendazim/mancozeb, Carbendazim/maneb, Carbendazim/maneb/tridemorph, Carbendazim/prochloraz, Carbendazim/tebuconazole,Carboxin/imazalil/thiabendazole, Chlorothalonil/fenpropimorph, Copper oxychloride, Epoxiconazole/tridemorph, Fenbuconazole/tridemorph, Fenpiclonil, Fenpropidin/prochloraz, Fenpropimorph/prochloraz,Flusilazole/tridemorph, Maneb, Prochloraz/propiconazole, Propiconazole/tridemorph, Spiroxamine/tebuconazole, Tebuconazole/tridemorph & Triadimenol/tridemorph

2Other insecticides were Tefluthrin



Mildew Rhynchosporium Gen’l disease Aphids Other Seed Reasons Total area Totalcontrol pests treatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Molluscicides

Metaldehyde . . . . . . . 379 0.10

Methiocarb . . . . . . . 288 0.06

All molluscicides . . . . . . . 667 0.16

Mixed seed treatments etc.

Unspecified seed treatments . . . . . 29,765 . 29,765 .

Other mixed seed treatments1 . . . . . 1,822 . 1,822 .

All mixed seed treatments etc. . . . . . 31,587 . 31,587 .

1Other mixed seed treatments were unspecified SPD seed treatments



Broad leaved Grass weeds General weed Growth Reasons Total area Totalweeds control regulator unspecified treated Tonnes

Growth regulators 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid . . . 8,957 . 8,957 1.32 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat . . . 9,104 . 9,104 3.47 Chlormequat . . . 8,186 . 8,186 5.33 Chlormequat chloride/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat . . . 44 . 44 0.02 Chlormequat/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid . . . 489 . 489 0.22 Chlormequat/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/imazaquin . . . 328 . 328 0.27 Chlormequat/choline chloride . . . 7,013 . 7,013 7.10 Trinexapac-ethyl . . . 7,948 . 7,948 0.22All growth regulators . . . 42,068 . 42,068 17.96

Herbicides Amidosulfuron 1,173 . . . 3,104 4,276 0.08 Bromoxynil/diflufenican/ioxynil 883 . 1,812 . 8,985 11,679 3.17 Bromoxynil/ioxynil 21,031 . 3,949 . 46,648 71,628 18.79 Bromoxynil/ioxynil/mecoprop-P 8,353 853 9,991 . 6,996 26,193 17.89 Bromoxynil/ioxynil/triasulfuron 11,317 . 13,606 . 4,057 28,980 7.32 Dicamba/mecoprop-P 12,994 . 1,946 . 24,271 39,211 17.17 Diclofop-methyl/fenoxaprop-P-ethyl . 7,820 . . 6,193 14,013 8.97 Diflufenican/isoproturon . . 739 . 252 991 0.98 Diquat 59 . . . 196 255 0.03 Fluroxypyr 8,276 . 4,928 . 11,158 24,363 2.84 Glyphosate 418 12,387 10,947 . 28,618 52,370 44.57 Isoproturon 478 803 . . 4,574 5,855 5.94 MCPA 19,253 . 9,403 . 11,889 40,544 28.29 Mecoprop 14,519 . 5,079 . 11,329 30,928 31.42 Mecoprop-P 57,084 . 33,761 . 43,355 134,200 78.69 Metsulfuron-methyl 61,859 . 27,302 . 77,646 166,807 0.65 Metsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl 45,896 . 13,428 . 44,762 104,087 3.12 Paraquat . . . . 823 823 0.30 Pendimethalin . . . . 5,862 5,862 4.75 Tralkoxydim . 25,763 . . 22,936 48,698 10.20 Tri-allate . 135 738 . 3,851 4,725 8.33 Tribenuron-methyl 4,984 . 4,603 . 7,198 16,785 0.17 Other herbicides2 39,282 6,741 18,970 . 50,123 115,115 83.75All herbicides 307,858 54,500 161,202 . 424,825 948,386 377.44

2Other herbicides includes 2,4-D, 2,4-DB/MCPA, 2,4-DB/linuron/MCPA, Atrazine, Benazolin/2,4-DB/MCPA, Benazolin/bromoxynil/ioxynil, Bentazone/MCPA/MCPB, Bromoxynil/fluroxypyr,Bromoxynil/fluroxypyr/ioxynil, Bromoxynil/ioxynil/isoproturon, Bromoxynil/ioxynil/mecoprop, Carfentrazone-ethyl/mecoprop-P, Carfentrazone-ethyl/metsulfuron-methyl, Clopyralid/fluroxypyr/ioxynil,Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop, Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop-P, Dicamba/mecoprop, Dichlorprop, Dichlorprop/MCPA, Diclofop-methyl, Difenzoquat, Flamprop-M-isopropyl, Fluoroglycofen-ethyl/triasulfuron, Imazamethabenz-methyl, MCPA/MCPB, Thifensulfuron-methyl/tribenuron-methyl, Triasulfuron & unspecified herbicides


Table 12 Oats: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Mildew Mixed reasons Aphids Seed Reasons Total area Totalgiven treatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Fungicides

Azoxystrobin . . . . 389 389 0.02

Bitertanol/fuberidazole . . . 31,282 . 31,282 3.84

Carbendazim . . . . 256 256 0.07

Carbendazim/flusilazole . 47 . . . 47 < 0.01

Carbendazim/propiconazole . 104 . . . 104 0.01

Carboxin/thiram . . . 11,365 . 11,365 2.40

Chlorothalonil . . . . 513 513 0.26

Cyproconazole 921 1,215 . . 13,052 15,187 0.75

Cyprodinil . . . . 156 156 0.05

Epoxiconazole . . . . 833 833 0.04

Ethirimol/flutriafol/thiabendazole . . . 357 . 357 0.15

Fenpropidin . 298 . . 5,226 5,524 2.37

Fenpropidin/fenpropimorph . 681 . . 2,983 3,664 1.29

Fenpropimorph 877 14,341 . . 23,041 38,259 12.99

Fenpropimorph/propiconazole . . . . 3,952 3,952 0.66

Fenpropimorph/tridemorph . 2,646 . . 603 3,249 0.97

Fludioxonil . . . 5,746 . 5,746 0.05

Flusilazole . 73 . . 1,150 1,224 0.11

Fuberidazole/triadimenol . . . 1,342 . 1,342 0.10

Guazatine . . . 7,467 . 7,467 1.32

Guazatine/imazalil . . . 4,491 . 4,491 0.92

Propiconazole . 5,393 . . 1,941 7,333 0.46

Quinoxyfen . 3,232 . . 10,095 13,328 0.73

Spiroxamine . 38 . . . 38 < 0.01

Tebuconazole . 246 . . 5,372 5,618 0.70

Tebuconazole/triazoxide . . . 501 . 501 0.01

Tridemorph 301 3,200 . . 5,933 9,434 2.54

Other fungicides1 7,104 8,344 . 658 10,837 26,943 9.86

All fungicides 9,203 39,858 . 63209 86,332 198,602 42.67

Sulphur 2,176 2,725 . . 1,322 6,223 21.45

1Other fungicides includes Bromuconazole, Carboxin/thiabendazole, Copper oxychloride, Cyproconazole/tridemorph, Fenpropimorph/prochloraz, Flusilazole/tridemorph, Maneb, Propiconazole/tridemorph, Triadimenol &Triadimenol/tridemorph


Table 12 (cont.) Oats: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Mildew Gen’l disease Aphids Seed Reasons Total area Totalcontrol treatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Insecticides

Chlorpyrifos . . . . 44 44 0.03

Cypermethrin . . 5,444 . 21,111 26,555 0.64

Deltamethrin . . 2,590 . 810 3,400 0.02

Dimethoate . . 76 . . 76 0.02

Esfenvalerate . . 490 . 1,842 2,332 0.01

Gamma-HCH . . . 713 . 713 0.04

Lambda-cyhalothrin . . 767 . 12,136 12,903 0.05

Zeta-cypermethrin . . . . 371 371 < 0.01

All insecticides . . 9,367 713 36,313 46,393 0.81

Molluscicides

Metaldehyde . . . . . 1,210 0.82

Methiocarb . . . . . 1,210 0.55

All molluscicides . . . . . 2,419 1.37


All mixed seed treatments etc. . . . 18,370 . 18,370 0


Table 12 (cont.) Oats: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Broad leaved Grass weeds General weed Growth Reasons Total area Totalweeds control regulator unspecified treated Tonnes

Growth regulators 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid . . . 166 . 166 0.02 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat . . . 5,138 . 5,138 2.18 Chlormequat . . . 46,078 . 46,078 60.06 Chlormequat chloride/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat . . . 203 . 203 0.09 Chlormequat/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid . . . 128 . 128 0.07 Chlormequat/choline chloride . . . 28,382 . 28,382 41.10 Chlormequat/choline chloride/imazaquin . . . 325 . 325 0.13 Trinexapac-ethyl . . . 1,369 . 1,369 0.05All growth regulators . . . 81,790 . 81,790 103.71

Herbicides Amidosulfuron 86 . . . 4,082 4,168 0.09 Bromoxynil/diflufenican/ioxynil . . . . 2,590 2,590 0.71 Bromoxynil/ioxynil 482 . 84 . 6,932 7,498 2.43 Bromoxynil/ioxynil/mecoprop-P 1,132 . 1,345 . 805 3,282 2.82 Bromoxynil/ioxynil/triasulfuron 1,073 . . . 3,107 4,181 0.82 Carfentrazone-ethyl/flupyrsulfuron-methyl 233 778 2,148 . 19,748 22,907 0.65 Dicamba/mecoprop-P 985 . 119 . 2,747 3,851 1.26 Diflufenican/isoproturon . . 296 . . 296 0.16 Diflufenican/trifluralin . . . . 140 140 0.03 Diquat . . . . 438 438 0.65 Fluroxypyr 1,856 . 625 . 14,774 17,254 1.98 Fluroxypyr/metosulam . . . . 92 92 0.01 Glyphosate . 1,104 . . 7,228 8,332 5.15 MCPA 1,512 . 620 . 569 2,701 2.20 Mecoprop 1,183 . 351 . 5,303 6,837 6.40 Mecoprop-P 4,142 . 1,688 . 11,179 17,009 13.67 Metsulfuron-methyl 14,872 . 1,062 . 18,280 34,213 0.14 Paraquat . . . . 1,186 1,186 0.44 Tralkoxydim . 161 . . . 161 0.04 Tribenuron-methyl 482 . . . . 482 < 0.01 Trifluralin . . 853 . . 853 0.91 Other herbicides2 2,167 . 2,971 . 24,886 30,025 34.78All herbicides 30,206 2,044 12,161 . 124,087 168,498 75.33

2Other herbicides includes Benazolin/2,4-DB/MCPA, Benazolin/bromoxynil/ioxynil, Benazolin/dimefuron, Bromoxynil/fluroxypyr, Carfentrazone-ethyl/metsulfuron-methyl, Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop,Diflufenican/terbuthylazine, Flupyrsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl, MCPA/MCPB, Methabenzthiazuron, Terbutryn & unspecified herbicides


Table 13 Rye: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Aphids Diseases General weed Seed Growth Reasons Total area Totalcontrol treatments regulators unspecified treated Tonnes

Fungicides

Azoxystrobin . 53 . . . . 53 0.01

Azoxystrobin/fenpropimorph . . . . . 504 504 0.14

Bitertanol/fuberidazole . . . 1,126 . . 1,126 0.12

Carbendazim/flusilazole . . . . . 46 46 0.01

Cyproconazole . . . . . 4,372 4,372 0.23

Cyprodinil . . . . . 2,433 2,433 1.25

Epoxiconazole . . . . . 4,898 4,898 0.30

Fenpropidin . 109 . . . . 109 0.02

Fenpropidin/fenpropimorph . 904 . . . 27 931 0.56

Fenpropimorph . 175 . . . 4,711 4,886 1.83

Fenpropimorph/flusilazole/tridemorph . 251 . . . . 251 0.11

Fenpropimorph/kresoxim-methyl . 194 . . . 1,126 1,320 0.32

Flusilazole . 194 . . . . 194 0.02

Fuberidazole/triadimenol . . . 6,600 . . 6,600 0.50

Propiconazole/tebuconazole . 46 . . . . 46 0.01

Spiroxamine . . . . . 1,886 1,886 0.71

Tebuconazole . 278 . . . 8,015 8,293 1.44

All fungicides . 2,204 . 7,726 . 28,019 37,949 7.58

Growth regulators

2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat . . . . 3,299 . 3,299 1.84

Chlormequat . . . . 5,716 . 5,716 6.69


. . . . 1,126 . 1,126 0.51

Chlormequat/choline chloride . . . . 2,137 . 2,137 2.49

Trinexapac-ethyl . . . . 1,816 . 1,816 0.09

All growth regulators . . . . 14,094 . 14,094 11.63


Table 13 (cont.) Rye: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Aphids Diseases General weed Seed Growth Reasons Total area Totalcontrol treatments regulators unspecified treated Tonnes

Herbicides

Amidosulfuron . . 556 . . 313 868 0.02

Bromoxynil/ioxynil . . . . . 206 206 0.04

Bromoxynil/ioxynil/mecoprop-P . . . . . 500 500 0.38

Diflufenican/isoproturon . . 96 . . 2,804 2,900 1.41

Diflufenican/trifluralin . . . . . 3,299 3,299 2.90

Fluroxypyr . . 358 . . 2,529 2,888 0.42

Glyphosate . . 96 . . 2,841 2,937 2.23

Isoproturon . . . . . 2,433 2,433 2.25

Isoproturon/pendimethalin . . . . . 109 109 0.10

Mecoprop-P . . . . . 402 402 0.31

Metsulfuron-methyl . . 473 . . 3,387 3,860 0.02

Pendimethalin . . . . . 1,859 1,859 2.25

Tralkoxydim . . . . . 737 737 0.26

Tri-allate . . . . . 787 787 1.85

Other herbicides1 . . . . . 1,392 1,392 1.92

All herbicides . . 1,579 . . 23,597 25,177 16.36

Insecticides

Cypermethrin . . . . . 5,000 5,000 0.12

Esfenvalerate 192 . . . . 1,563 1,755 0.01

Gamma-HCH . . . . . 319 319 0.25

Lambda-cyhalothrin . . . . . 109 109 < 0.01

All insecticides 192 . . . . 6,991 7,183 0.39


Unspecified seed treatments . . . 346 . . 346 .

Other seed treatments2 . . . 1,540 . . 1,540 .

All mixed seed treatments etc. . . . 1,886 . . 1,886 .

1Other herbicides were Difenzoquat

2Other seed treatments were unspecified SPD seed treatments


Table 14 Triticale: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Diseases Pests Broad-leaved General weed Seed Growth Reasons Total area Totalweeds control treatments regulators unspecified treated Tonnes

Fungicides

Bitertanol/fuberidazole . . . . 3,190 . . 3,190 0.31

Carbendazim/flusilazole . . . . . . 73 73 0.01

Chlorothalonil 47 . . . . . 73 121 0.08

Cyproconazole 47 . . . . . 1,199 1,247 0.05

Cyproconazole/prochloraz 705 . . . . . 1,642 2,347 0.75

Epoxiconazole . . . . . . 1,726 1,726 0.14

Fenpropidin/fenpropimorph . . . . . . 368 368 0.10

Fenpropimorph/flusilazole/tridemorph . . . . . . 1,724 1,724 0.65

Fludioxonil . . . . 2,714 . . 2,714 0.02

Fuberidazole/triadimenol . . . . 257 . . 257 0.02

Guazatine . . . . 1,394 . . 1,394 0.13

Propiconazole 37 . . . . . . 37 < 0.01

Propiconazole/tebuconazole 332 . . . . . . 332 0.20

Spiroxamine . . . . . . 67 67 0.02

Tebuconazole 146 . . . . . 1,467 1,613 0.14

Other fungicides1 . . . . . . 147 147 0.01

All fungicides 1,314 . . . 7,555 . 8,489 17,357 2.63

Growth regulators

2-chloroethylphosphonic acid . . . . . 1,882 . 1,882 0.33

2-chloroethylphosphonic acid/mepiquat . . . . . 67 . 67 0.03

Chlormequat . . . . . 5,191 . 5,191 6.61

Chlormequat/2-chloroethylphosphonic acid . . . . . 1,595 . 1,595 1.53

Chlormequat/choline chloride . . . . . 4,206 . 4,206 5.08

Trinexapac-ethyl . . . . . 775 . 775 0.10

All growth regulators . . . . . 13,716 . 13,716 13.68

1Other fungicides were Bromuconazole


Table 14 (cont.) Triticale: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Diseases Pests Broad-leaved General weed Seed Growth Reasons Total area Totalweeds control treatments regulators unspecified treated Tonnes

Herbicides

Bromoxynil/diflufenican/ioxynil . . . . . . 67 67 0.04

Bromoxynil/ioxynil/triasulfuron . . . . . . 689 689 0.21

Diflufenican/isoproturon . . . . . . 197 197 0.05

Diflufenican/trifluralin . . 928 . . . 3,346 4,275 2.98

Fluroxypyr . . . 11 . . 596 607 0.20

Glyphosate . . . 15 . . . 15 0.01

Isoproturon . . . . . . 99 99 0.12

Isoproturon/pendimethalin . . . . . . 1,724 1,724 0.73

Mecoprop-P . . . 47 . . 185 232 0.11

Metsulfuron-methyl . . . 84 . . 1,282 1,366 0.01

Pendimethalin . . . 1,064 . . 332 1,396 2.34

Tribenuron-methyl . . . . . . 111 111 < 0.01

Trifluralin . . . . . . 99 99 0.08

Other herbicides1 . . . . . . 2,080 2,080 0.55

All herbicides . . 928 1,221 . . 10,806 12,955 7.44

Insecticides

Cypermethrin . 2,212 . . . . 1,402 3,614 0.10

Deltamethrin . 705 . . . . . 705 < 0.01

Dimethoate . 111 . . . . . 111 0.04

All insecticides . 3,028 . . . . 1,402 4,431 0.15


Unspecified seed treatments . . . . 2,190 . . 2,190 .

Other seed treatments2 . . . . 111 . . 111 .

All mixed seed treatments etc. . . . . 2,301 . . 2,301 .

1Other herbicides includes Flupyrsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl, Isoxaben/methabenzthiazuron & MCPA/MCPB

2Other seed treatments were unspecified SPD seed treatments


Table 15 Oilseed rape: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Alternaria Light leaf Mixed reasons Seed Reasons Total area Totalspot given treatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Fungicides

Azoxystrobin . . . . 1,783 1,783 0.15

Carbendazim . 6,478 33,995 . 213,420 253,893 68.93

Carbendazim/flusilazole . 18,380 27,460 . 133,992 179,833 27.06

Chlorothalonil . . 1,209 . 4,507 5,716 2.26

Cyproconazole . . . . 2,454 2,454 0.11

Cyproconazole/prochloraz . . . . 1,291 1,291 0.54

Difenoconazole 89 3,731 7,138 . 76,955 87,913 5.13

Epoxiconazole . . . . 2,641 2,641 0.17

Fenpropidin . . . . 2,641 2,641 0.50

Fenpropimorph/propiconazole . . . . 1,594 1,594 0.17

Flusilazole . 9,188 14,430 . 41,396 65,015 6.69

Iprodione 74 . 6,894 70,737 8,003 85,709 7.52

Iprodione/thiophanate-methyl 6,553 461 14,794 . 75,607 97,415 69.69

Mancozeb . 387 114 . 5,405 5,906 4.02

Mancozeb/metalaxyl . . 1,609 . 937 2,546 1.37

Prochloraz 2,460 3,623 2,517 595 12,127 21,322 4.50

Propiconazole . . . . 1,384 1,384 0.07

Spiroxamine . . . . 1,524 1,524 1.00

Tebuconazole 1,333 20,386 31,143 . 126,541 179,403 22.19

Tebuconazole/triadimenol . . . . 1,797 1,797 0.51

Thiram . . . 902 . 902 0.02

Vinclozolin 74 . 14,158 . 48,347 62,580 23.43

Other fungicides1 . 4,602 14,690 306 60,976 80,574 34.87

All fungicides 10,583 67,236 170,151 72,540 825,322 1,145,836 280.90

Sulphur . . 3,809 . 52,365 56,175 225.71

1Other fungicides includes Benomyl, Carbendazim/iprodione, Carbendazim/mancozeb, Carbendazim/maneb, Carbendazim/prochloraz, Carbendazim/tebuconazole, Carbendazim/vinclozolin, Chlorothalonil/metalaxyl,Fenbuconazole/prochloraz, Maneb, Metalaxyl & unspecified fungicides


Table 15 (cont.) Oilseed rape: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Broad leaved Grass weeds Volunteers General weed Desiccant Growth Reasons Total area Totalweeds weeds control regulator unspecified treated Tonnes

Growth regulators Chlormequat . . . . . 18,172 . 18,172 17.10 Chlormequat/choline chloride . . . . . 20,837 . 20,837 21.04All growth regulators . . . . . 39,010 . 39,010 38.13

Herbicides Clopyralid 8,901 . 106 263 . . 49,128 58,397 4.28 Cyanazine 3,427 . 248 444 . . 16,013 20,133 8.75 Cycloxydim . 4,876 7,786 1,506 . . 47,808 61,976 7.95 Diquat . . . 930 20,523 . 31,974 53,428 30.12 Diquat/paraquat . 555 . . . . 9,114 9,670 4.35 Fluazifop-P-butyl . 4,373 5,136 2,966 . . 122,153 134,627 11.24 Fluroxypyr 1,462 . . . . . 587 2,049 0.18 Glyphosate . 2,201 239 3,601 38,729 . 92,972 137,743 121.13 Mecoprop 2 . . . . . . 2 < 0.01 Metazachlor 23,164 . . 28,483 . . 183,685 235,332 159.31 Metsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl 2 . . . . . . 2 < 0.01 Paraquat . . 204 . . . 1,601 1,805 0.74 Phenmedipham . . . . . . 357 357 0.03 Propaquizafop . 15,775 10,957 1,139 . . 107,129 135,000 5.98 Propyzamide 4,648 6,829 1,646 9,591 . . 84,324 107,039 64.22 Trifluralin 3,124 . . 13,224 . . 70,685 87,034 85.56 Other herbicides1 7,746 2,950 3,522 3,103 3,499 . 104,606 125,426 46.64All herbicides 52,476 37,559 29,844 65,252 62,752 . 922,136 1,170,018 550.48

1Other herbicides includes Benazolin, Benazolin/clopyralid, Carbetamide, Cyanazine/pendimethalin, Glufosinate-ammonium, Metazachlor/quinmerac, Pyridate, Quizalofop-P-ethyl, Quizalofop-ethyl, Sethoxydim & Tebutam


Table 15 (cont.) Oilseed rape: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Aphids Cabbage stem Pollen Midges/ Slugs Other Seed Reasons Total area Totalflea beetle beetle weevils pests treatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Fungicide/insecticides Carboxin/gamma-HCH/thiram . . . . . . 102,266 . 102,266 12.06 Fenpropimorph/gamma-HCH/thiram . . . . . . 247,578 . 247,578 24.57 Gamma-HCH/thiram . . . . . . 62,740 . 62,740 4.77 Other fungicide/insecticides1 . . . . . . 2,625 . 2,625 0.55All fungicide/insecticides . . . . . . 415,209 . 415,209 41.95

Insecticides Alpha-cypermethrin 2,974 4,375 9,326 2,585 . 4,479 . 86,473 110,211 1.44 Chlorpyrifos . . . . . . . 176 176 0.10 Cypermethrin 10,324 25,382 13,161 3,859 . 6,621 . 318,184 377,531 9.20 Deltamethrin . 1,137 1,963 212 . 2,956 . 34,622 40,890 0.26 Dimethoate 409 . . . . . . 682 1,091 0.43 Esfenvalerate . 2,408 . . . . . 2,933 5,341 0.04 Gamma-HCH 379 1,656 . . . . 2,709 3,232 7,976 2.49 Lambda-cyhalothrin 5,202 1,957 6,029 2,779 . 5,996 . 100,778 122,742 0.72 Pirimicarb 3,484 . . . . . . 15,115 18,600 1.94 Tau-fluvalinate . . . . . . . 411 411 0.02 Zeta-cypermethrin 254 771 1,342 . . . . 16,862 19,228 0.20 Other insecticides2 251 . . . . 1,629 . 6,341 8,220 1.76All insecticides 23,275 37,686 31,821 9,436 . 21,681 2,709 585,809 712,417 18.60

Molluscicides Metaldehyde . . . . 103,682 . . . 103,682 40.31 Methiocarb . . . . 26,638 . . . 26,638 4.95Other molluscicides3 . . . . 3,840 . . . 3,840 0.51All molluscicides . . . . 134,161 . . . 134,161 45.76

Mixed seed treatments etc. Unspecified seed treatments . . . . . . 44,278 . 44,278 .

1Other fungicide/insecticides were Captan/gamma-HCH

2Other insecticides includes Deltamethrin/heptenophos, Deltamethrin/pirimicarb, Fenvalerate, Lambda-cyhalothrin/pirimicarb & Triazophos



Table 16 Linseed: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Diseases Flax Other Broad-leaved Grass General weed Desiccant Growth Seed Reasons Total area Totalbeetle pests weeds weeds control regulators treatment unspecified treated Tonnes

Fungicides

Carbendazim 8,541 . . . . . . . . 19,057 27,598 7.60

Carbendazim/flusilazole . . . . . . . . . 476 476 0.11

Chlorothalonil 2,187 . . . . . . . . 4,820 7,007 4.59

Cyproconazole . . . . . . . . . 137 137 0.01

Cyproconazole/prochloraz . . . . . . . . . 1,199 1,199 0.22

Iprodione . . . . . . . . 3,917 . 3,917 0.49

Iprodione/thiophanate-methyl . . . . . . . . . 259 259 0.11

Prochloraz 160 . . . . . . . 21,906 68 22,135 0.49

Spiroxamine . . . . . . . . . 196 196 0.04

Tebuconazole 7,135 . . . . . . . . 13,920 21,055 2.49

Tebuconazole/triazoxide . . . . . . . . 1,462 . 1,462 < 0.01

Other fungicides1 . . . . . . . . . 3,043 3,043 1.00

All fungicides 18,023 . . . . . . . 27285 43,175 88,484 17.15

Sulphur . . . . . . . . . 744 744 5.95

Fungicide/insecticides

Carboxin/gamma-HCH/thiram . . . . . . . . 45,081 . 45,081 18.54

Fenpropimorph/gamma-HCH/thiram . . . . . . . . 11,639 . 11,639 8.46

Gamma-HCH/thiram . . . . . . . . 11,934 . 11,934 6.56

Other fungicide/insecticides2 . . . . . . . . 664 . 664 0.44

All fungicide/insecticides . . . . . . . . 69,318 . 69,318 34.00

Growth regulators

Chlormequat . . . . . . . 3,748 . . 3,748 5.17

Chlormequat/choline chloride . . . . . . . 2,891 . . 2,891 4.01

All growth regulators . . . . . . . 6,639 . . 6,639 9.18

Molluscicides Metaldehyde . . . . . . . . . . 1,570 0.64

1Other fungicides includes Carbendazim/tebuconazole & Copper oxychloride

2Other fungicide/insecticides were Gamma-HCH/thiabendazole/thiram


Table 16 (cont.) Linseed: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Diseases Flax Other Broad-leaved Grass General weed Desiccant Growth Seed Reasons Total area Totalbeetle pests weeds weeds control regulators treatment unspecified treated Tonnes

Herbicides Amidosulfuron . . . 8,242 . 130 . . . 22,479 30,852 0.58 Bentazone . . . 1,637 . 4,001 . . . 8,301 13,939 7.58 Clopyralid . . . . . . . . . 1,285 1,285 0.07 Cycloxydim . . . . 2,242 . . . . 21,421 23,663 3.59 Diquat . . . . . . 12,425 . . 16,832 29,258 17.40 Diquat/paraquat . . . . . . . . . 54 54 0.05 Fluazifop-P-butyl . . . . 2,910 . . . . 9,081 11,990 1.35 Glyphosate . . . 822 2,380 2,527 23,431 . . 44,787 73,947 70.22 MCPA . . . 2,548 . . . . . 10,183 12,731 4.80 Metsulfuron-methyl . . . 20,485 529 6,311 . . . 65,856 93,181 0.41 Metsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl . . . . . . . . . 191 191 < 0.01 Paraquat . . . . . . . . . 735 735 0.43 Phenmedipham . . . . . . . . . 392 392 < 0.01 Propaquizafop . . . . 7,357 590 . . . 10,101 18,048 0.92 Trifluralin . . . 2,102 . 1,641 . . . 7,800 11,544 10.49 Other herbicides1 . . . 2,518 196 3,653 . . . 21,640 28,007 7.37All herbicides . . . 38,355 15,614 18,854 35,857 . . 241,139 349,818 125.24

Insecticides Alpha-cypermethrin . . . . . . . . . 769 769 0.01 Chlorpyrifos . . 320 . . . . . . . 320 0.23 Cypermethrin . 3,347 714 . . . . . . 8,526 12,587 0.33 Deltamethrin . . 395 . . . . . . 1,484 1,879 0.01 Dimethoate . . 1,009 . . . . . . 306 1,315 0.45 Esfenvalerate . . . . . . . . . 221 221 < 0.01 Gamma-HCH . . . . . . . . . 573 573 0.46 Lambda-cyhalothrin . 3,653 . . . . . . . 2,996 6,649 0.04 Other insecticides2 . . . . . . . . 583 . 583 0.03All insecticides . 7,000 2,438 . . . . . 583 14,875 24,896 1.56

Mixed seed treatments etc. Unspecified seed treatments . . . . . . . . 16,510 . 16,510 .

1Other herbicides includes Bromoxynil, Bromoxynil/clopyralid & Quizalofop-P-ethyl

2Other insecticides were Fonofos


Table 17 Ware potatoes: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Aphids Nematodes Wireworms Slugs Other Blight Seed Reasons Total area Totalpests treatments unspecified treated tonnes

Fungicides Chlorothalonil . . . . . 7,095 . 34,115 41,211 30.52 Cymoxanil/mancozeb . . . . . 92,383 . 169,990 262,373 379.80 Cymoxanil/mancozeb/oxadixyl . . . . . 43,439 . 76,800 120,239 190.40 Dimethomorph/mancozeb . . . . . 35,827 . 64,520 100,347 155.42 Fentin acetate/maneb . . . . . 21,901 . 27,372 49,273 15.04 Fentin hydroxide . . . . . 81,227 . 173,709 254,935 64.75 Fluazinam . . . . . 144,066 . 209,021 353,087 51.91 Imazalil . . . . . . 41,444 . 41,444 1.27 Iprodione . . . . . . 614 . 614 0.18 Mancozeb . . . . . 35,683 . 81,424 117,107 142.32 Mancozeb/metalaxyl . . . . . 14,917 . 27,907 42,824 59.35 Other fungicides1 . . . . . 44,837 58,505 43,858 147,200 185.65All fungicides . . . . . 521,375 100,563 908,716 1,530,654 1276.61

Sulphur . . . . . 855 . . 855 3.42

Insecticides & nematicides Cypermethrin 5,459 . . . 3,792 . . 9,091 18,341 0.45 Deltamethrin 456 . . . . . . . 456 < 0.01 Dimethoate 1,326 . . . . . . 2,618 3,944 1.21 Lambda-cyhalothrin 4,207 . . . 4,212 . . 11,301 19,719 0.15 Pirimicarb 16,010 . . . 911 . . 31,803 48,724 5.70 Other insecticides & nematicides2 13,915 19,280 302 . 266 . . 30,144 63,907 136.01All insecticides & nematicides 41,373 19280 302 . 9,181 . . 84,957 155,091 143.52

Molluscicides Metaldehyde . . . 32,665 . . . . 32,665 13.76 Methiocarb . . . 49,454 . . . . 49,454 8.16 Other molluscicides3 . . . 19,657 . . . . 19,657 2.27All molluscicides . . . 101,775 . . . . 101,775 24.19


1Other fungicides includes Benalaxyl/mancozeb, Chlorothalonil/cymoxanil, Chlorothalonil/mancozeb, Chlorothalonil/propamocarb hydrochloride, Fenpiclonil, Fentin hydroxide/metoxuron, Imazalil/pencycuron,Mancozeb/metalaxyl-M, Mancozeb/ofurace, Mancozeb/oxadixyl, Mancozeb/propamocarb hydrochloride, Maneb, Maneb/zinc, Maneb/zinc oxide, Manganese zinc ethylene bisdithiocarbamate/ofurace, Pencycuron,Thiabendazole, Tolclofos-methyl, Zineb-ethylene thiuram disulphide adduct & unspecified fungicides

2Other insecticides and nematicides includes Aldicarb, Deltamethrin/heptenophos, Deltamethrin/pirimicarb, Demeton-S-methyl, Disulfoton, Ethoprophos, Fosthiazate, Lambda-cyhalothrin/pirimicarb, Oxamyl, Phorate &unspecified insecticides



Table 17 (cont.) Ware potatoes:pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Broad leaved Grass weeds Volunteers General weed Desiccant Growth Reasons Total area Totalweeds weeds control regulator unspecified treated tonnes

Desiccants

Sulphuric acid . . . . 63,896 . . 63,896 9,099.58

Growth regulators

Other growth regulators1 . . . . . 9,352 . 9,352 30.93

Herbicides

Bentazone . . . . . . 8,159 8,159 4.53

Cycloxydim . . . . . . 2,251 2,251 0.27

Diquat . . . 319 18,694 . 21,545 40,557 24.06

Diquat/paraquat 130 . . 11,350 . . 52,858 64,338 29.10

Glyphosate 42 79 114 1,010 1,300 . 21,841 24,386 21.43

Linuron 1,964 . . 9,167 . . 26,789 37,921 45.95

Mecoprop-P . . . . . . 404 404 0.13

Metribuzin 545 . 195 13,665 . . 51,383 65,788 32.68

Paraquat 2,149 . . 6,922 . . 25,540 34,611 16.16

Pendimethalin . . . . . . 266 266 0.31

Propaquizafop . . . . . . 87 87 < 0.01

Other herbicides2 5,037 . 303 10,141 5,456 . 68,207 89,145 66.27

All herbicides 9,868 79 612 52,574 25,450 . 279,329 367,912 240.88

1Other growth regulators were Maleic hydrazide

2Other herbicides includes Cyanazine/pendimethalin, Glufosinate-ammonium, Glufosinate-ammonium/monolinuron, Monolinuron, Monolinuron/paraquat, Pendimethalin/prometryn, Rimsulfuron, Terbuthylazine/terbutryn,Terbutryn/trietazine & unspecified herbicides


Table 18 Seed potatoes: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Aphids Slugs Blight Seed Reasons Total area Totaltreatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Fungicides Chlorothalonil . . 426 . . 426 0.53 Cymoxanil/mancozeb . . 17,952 . 683 18,635 24.53 Cymoxanil/mancozeb/oxadixyl . . 5,440 . . 5,440 9.12 Dimethomorph/mancozeb . . 5,069 . 207 5,276 7.28 Fentin acetate/maneb . . 4,483 . . 4,483 1.40 Fentin hydroxide . . 18,552 . 1,576 20,128 4.36 Fluazinam . . 37,417 . 548 37,966 5.12 Imazalil . . . 4,667 . 4,667 0.25 Iprodione . . . 2,117 . 2,117 1.11 Mancozeb . . 15,428 . 169 15,597 17.20 Mancozeb/metalaxyl . . 5,500 . 467 5,967 6.99 Other fungicides1 . . 9,743 7,621 500 17,863 20.75All fungicides . . 120,010 14,405 4150 138,565 98.64

Sulphur . . . . 206 206 2.06

Insecticides & nematicides Cypermethrin 8,018 . . . . 8,018 0.19 Deltamethrin 88 . . . . 88 < 0.01 Dimethoate 2,092 . . . . 2,092 0.45 Lambda-cyhalothrin 17,148 . . . 882 18,030 0.10 Pirimicarb 26,089 . . . 1,862 27,951 2.79 Other insecticides & nematicides2 24,428 . . . 1,824 26,251 4.22All insecticides & nematicides 77,862 . . . 4,568 82,430 7.75

Molluscicides Metaldehyde . 2,694 . . . 2,694 1.82 Methiocarb . 2,041 . . . 2,041 0.32 Other molluscicides3 . 584 . . . 584 0.11All molluscicides . 5,319 . . . 5,319 2.25

Mixed seed treatments etc. Unspecified seed treatments . . . 285 . 285 .

1Other fungicides includes Benalaxyl/mancozeb, Chlorothalonil/mancozeb, Chlorothalonil/propamocarb hydrochloride, Imazalil/pencycuron, Mancozeb/metalaxyl-M, Mancozeb/ofurace, Mancozeb/oxadixyl, Maneb,Pencycuron, Thiabendazole & Tolclofos-methyl

2Other insecticides & nematicides includes Deltamethrin/heptenophos, Deltamethrin/pirimicarb, Demeton-S-methyl, Lambda-cyhalothrin/pirimicarb, Oxamyl & unspecified insecticides



Table 18 (cont.) Seed potatoes:pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Broad leaved Grass weeds Volunteers General weed Desiccant Reasons Total area Totalweeds weeds control unspecified treated tonnes

Desiccants

Sulphuric acid . . . . 26,451 . 26,451 3,627.54

Herbicides

Diquat . . . . 667 466 1,133 0.76

Diquat/paraquat . . . 2,381 . 486 2,868 1.37

Glyphosate . . . . . 380 380 0.22

Linuron 1,306 . . 9,581 . 2,335 13,221 13.33

Metribuzin . . 412 1,456 . 494 2,362 1.48

Paraquat 1,290 . . 8,754 . 2,613 12,657 6.01

Other herbicides1 . . . . . 136 136 0.24

All herbicides 2,596 . 412 22,172 667 6,910 32,757 23.41

1Other herbicides were Terbutryn/trietazine


Table 19 Peas: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Mildew Mixed reasons Aphids Pea Weevils Slugs Other Seed Reasons Total area Totalgiven moth pests treatments unspecified treated tonnes

Fungicides Carbendazim 1,074 5,105 . . . . . . 24,885 31,063 10.35 Carbendazim/chlorothalonil 1,074 11,567 . . . . . . 31,146 43,787 43.85 Chlorothalonil 1,795 8,501 . . . . . . 56,589 66,885 51.12 Chlorothalonil/cyproconazole . . . . . . . . 1,683 1,683 0.93 Cyproconazole . . . . . . . . 1,320 1,320 0.08 Iprodione . 291 . . . . . . 404 694 0.22 Iprodione/thiophanate-methyl . 357 . . . . . . 1,446 1,804 1.39 Mancozeb/metalaxyl . . . . . . . . 708 708 1.01 Thiram . . . . . . . 68,461 . 68,461 10.27 Vinclozolin . 1,333 . . . . . . 16,505 17,838 5.56 Other fungicides1 . 1,935 . . . . . 17,018 10,470 29,423 9.16All fungicides 3,943 29,089 . . . . . 85,479 145,156 263,666 133.94

Sulphur . . . . . . . . 1,178 1,178 1.84

Insecticides Alpha-cypermethrin . . . . . . . . 428 428 0.01 Chlorpyrifos . . . . . . . . 419 419 0.30 Cypermethrin . . 1,498 6,456 1,619 . 4,727 . 41,487 55,787 1.46 Deltamethrin . . 1,091 . . . 442 . 5,196 6,730 0.04 Dimethoate . . 3,363 . . . 2,177 . 22,345 27,885 8.55 Gamma-HCH . . . . . . . . 194 194 0.19 Lambda-cyhalothrin . . 3,556 . 971 . 224 . 14,624 19,375 0.11 Pirimicarb . . 7,432 . . . 2,477 . 41,833 51,743 5.06 Zeta-cypermethrin . . . . . . 215 . . 215 < 0.01 Other insecticides2 . . 1,698 3,852 1,074 . 1,074 . 10,617 18,315 3.17All insecticides . . 18,639 10,308 3,664 . 11,337 . 137,144 181,092 18.89

Molluscicides Metaldehyde . . . . . 555 . . . 555 0.33

Mixed seed treatments etc. Unspecified seed treatments . . . . . . . 8,329 . 8,329 .

1Other fungicides includes Benomyl, Carbendazim/iprodione, Chlorothalonil/metalaxyl, Chlorothalonil/vinclozolin, Drazoxolon, Fenpiclonil/metalaxyl, Metalaxyl/thiabendazole, Metalaxyl/thiabendazole/thiram &Thiabendazole/thiram

2Other insecticides includes Deltamethrin/heptenophos, Deltamethrin/pirimicarb, Demeton-S-methyl, Fenitrothion, Lambda-cyhalothrin/pirimicarb & Triazophos


Table 19 (cont.) Peas: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Broad leaved Grass weeds Volunteers General weed Desiccant Reasons Total area Totalweeds control unspecified treated Tonnes

Growth regulators

Chlormequat . . . . . . 169 0.26

Chlormequat/choline chloride/imazaquin . . . . . . 316 0.19

All growth regulators . . . . . . 485 0.45

Herbicides

Bentazone 889 . . 2,441 . 6,605 9,935 5.11

Cyanazine 6,150 . . 7,013 . 46,583 59,746 27.05

Cycloxydim . 8,852 197 . . 20,660 29,709 4.75

Diquat . 90 . . 7,912 13,832 21,834 12.57

Diquat/paraquat . . . . . 621 621 0.50

Fluazifop-P-butyl . 1,152 . . . 4,966 6,118 0.64

Glyphosate 177 1,131 . 4,384 3,709 32,640 42,042 30.31

Mecoprop-P 555 . . . . . 555 0.25

Paraquat . . . . . 5,068 5,068 1.40

Pendimethalin . . . . . 3,268 3,268 2.44

Phenmedipham . . . . . 410 410 0.02

Propaquizafop . 6,806 . 328 . 12,045 19,179 1.15

Trifluralin . . . . . 1,250 1,250 1.20

Other herbicides1 6,100 . . 16,582 433 91,310 114,424 138.30

All herbicides 13,870 18,032 197 30,749 12,054 239,258 314,159 225.69

1Other herbicides includes Bentazone/MCPB, Cyanazine/pendimethalin, Fomesafen/terbutryn, Glufosinate-ammonium, Isoxaben/terbuthylazine, MCPA/MCPB, MCPB, Pendimethalin/prometryn, Prometryn/terbutryn,Simazine/trietazine, Terbuthylazine/terbutryn & Terbutryn/trietazine


Table 20 Beans: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Botrytis Mildew Aphids Weevils Slugs Other Seed Reasons Total area Totalpests treatments unspecified Treated Tonnes

Fungicides Carbendazim 12,321 5,320 . . . . . 76,503 94,144 29.27 Carbendazim/chlorothalonil 3,232 537 . . . . . 6,108 9,876 9.37 Chlorothalonil 17,228 11,102 . . . . . 96,662 124,993 88.52 Chlorothalonil/cyproconazole . 1,101 . . . . . 4,456 5,557 2.93 Cyproconazole . 119 . . . . . 5,648 5,767 0.22 Fenpropidin . . . . . . . 1,662 1,662 0.44 Fenpropidin/fenpropimorph . . . . . . . 667 667 0.25 Fenpropimorph 1,106 . . . . . . 559 1,665 0.42 Iprodione . . . . . . . 482 482 0.06 Iprodione/thiophanate-methyl 101 387 . . . . . 2,698 3,185 2.24 Mancozeb/metalaxyl . 709 . . . . . 6,225 6,934 6.34 Tebuconazole . 942 . . . . . 28,628 29,570 3.85 Thiram . . . . . . 5,290 . 5,290 1.15 Vinclozolin 2,151 152 . . . . . 3,223 5,526 1.65 Other fungicides1 322 11,315 . . . . 3,924 12,164 27,725 14.32All fungicides 36,461 31,683 . . . . 9,214 245,686 323,044 161.01

Insecticides Alpha-cypermethrin . . . . . . . 4,828 4,828 0.05 Cypermethrin . . 846 5,241 . 139 . 25,806 32,032 0.81 Deltamethrin . . 1,072 701 . 6,638 . 12,919 21,331 0.15 Dimethoate . . 3,250 . . . . 1,987 5,237 1.32 Esfenvalerate . . . . . . . 85 85 < 0.01 Lambda-cyhalothrin . . 1,128 812 . 1,438 . 8,297 11,675 0.09 Pirimicarb . . 1,633 . . . . 11,169 12,802 1.30 Zeta-cypermethrin . . . . . . . 1,612 1,612 0.02 Other insecticides . . . . . . . 213 213 0.03All insecticides . . 7,930 6,754 . 8,215 . 66,915 89,815 3.77

Molluscicides Metaldehyde . . . . 1,763 . . . 1,763 0.40 Methiocarb . . . . 637 . . . 637 0.05All molluscicides . . . . 2,400 . . . 2,400 0.45


1Other fungicides includes Benalaxyl/mancozeb, Benomyl, Carbendazim/mancozeb, Carbendazim/tebuconazole, Carbendazim/vinclozolin, Chlorothalonil/metalaxyl, Chlorothalonil/vinclozolin, Fenbuconazole/prochloraz,Thiabendazole/thiram & unspecified fungicides

2Other insecticides includes Disulfoton & Lambda-cyhalothrin/pirimicarb


Table 20 (cont.) Beans: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Broad leaved Grass weeds Volunteers General weed Desiccant Reasons Total area Totalweeds weeds control unspecified treated Tonnes

Herbicides

Bentazone 1,588 . . 6 . 8,933 10,527 7.36

Cycloxydim 1,754 4,189 1,119 . . 12,688 19,749 2.85

Diquat . . . . 708 3,733 4,441 2.51

Diquat/paraquat . . . . . 318 318 0.08

Fluazifop-P-butyl . 1,297 . . . 6,429 7,726 0.97

Glyphosate . 5,635 445 3,562 451 18,125 28,218 24.45

Metazachlor . . . . . 295 295 0.20

Paraquat . . . 149 . 415 563 0.22

Propaquizafop . 2,145 . 556 . 6,355 9,056 0.54

Propyzamide . . . 442 . 4,070 4,512 2.53

Simazine 1,345 3,690 . 13,842 . 69,275 88,152 86.24

Tri-allate . 136 . . . . 136 0.31

Trifluralin . . . . . 3,427 3,427 3.36

Other herbicides1 441 959 . 3,137 . 11,807 16,344 25.73

All herbicides 5,128 18,049 1,565 21,694 1,159 145,870 193,465 157.35

1Other herbicides includes Carbetamide, Cyanazine/pendimethalin, Fomesafen/terbutryn, Glufosinate-ammonium, Pendimethalin/prometryn, Simazine/trietazine, Terbuthylazine/terbutryn, Terbutryn/trietazine & unspecifiedherbicides


Table 21 Sugar beet: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Mildew Mixed reasons Aphids Nematodes Pests Slugs Seed Reasons Total area Totalgiven treatments unspecified treated Tonnes

Fungicides Carbendazim . . . . . . . 3,794 3,794 0.52 Cyproconazole 5,233 8,571 . . . . . 40,882 54,687 2.60 Dimethomorph/mancozeb . . . . . . . 90 90 0.05 Epoxiconazole . . . . . . . 800 800 0.02 Hymexazol . . . . . . 188,355 . 188,355 12.74 Propiconazole 469 . . . . . . 469 938 0.09 Tebuconazole . . . . . . . 905 905 0.16 Thiram . . . . . . 188,355 . 188,355 4.55 Other fungicides1 . 3,184 . . . . . 17,776 20,960 4.28All fungicides 5,702 11,755 . . . . 376,710 64,716 458,884 25.01

Sulphur 24,470 2,649 . . . . . 53,875 80,994 450.69

Insecticides & nematicides Alpha-cypermethrin . . . . . . . 558 558 0.01 Chlorpyrifos . . . . . . . 1,363 1,363 0.98 Cypermethrin . . 3,266 . 3,400 . . 12,908 19,574 0.48 Deltamethrin . . . . . . . 1,983 1,983 0.01 Gamma-HCH . . . . 84 . . 639 723 0.55 Imidacloprid . . . . . . 136,041 . 136,041 12.99 Lambda-cyhalothrin . . 122 . 734 . . 1,410 2,265 0.01 Pirimicarb . . 6,709 . 734 . . 19,882 27,324 3.21 Other insecticides & nematicides2 . . 1,162 986 8,029 . 2,878 45,415 58,469 29.42All insecticides & nematicides . . 11,258 986 12,979 . 138,919 84,158 248,301 47.66

Molluscicides Metaldehyde . . . . . 2,998 . . 2,998 1.25 Other molluscicides3 . . . . . 175 . . 175 0.02All molluscicides . . . . . 3,173 . . 3,173 1.27

1Other fungicides includes Fenbuconazole/prochloraz & Triadimenol

2Other insecticides & nematicides includes Aldicarb, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Deltamethrin/heptenophos, Deltamethrin/pirimicarb, Oxamyl, Tefluthrin & Triazamate



Table 21 (cont.) Sugar beet: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Broad leaved Grass weeds Volunteers General weed Reasons Total area Totalweeds weeds control unspecified treated Tonnes

Herbicides

Chloridazon 5,142 . . 17,967 64,574 87,683 79.53

Chloridazon/ethofumesate 5,228 . . 2,015 35,531 42,773 35.63

Clopyralid 23,340 . 5,938 4,401 67,517 101,196 7.62

Cycloxydim 70 3,746 . 1,160 12,668 17,644 2.89

Desmedipham/ethofumesate/phenmedipham 19,528 . . 8,367 83,135 111,030 22.51

Desmedipham/phenmedipham 6,229 . . 1,414 37,532 45,175 12.26

Diflufenican/isoproturon 974 . . . . 974 1.64

Diquat . . . . 969 969 0.09

Diquat/paraquat 102 . 350 130 6,196 6,778 2.33

Ethofumesate 10,825 218 . 2,487 51,099 64,629 13.06

Ethofumesate/phenmedipham 4,555 . 1,711 1,798 42,621 50,686 19.74

Fluazifop-P-butyl . 1,639 . . 16,360 17,999 2.13

Glyphosate 2,436 . 784 7,917 49,323 60,459 49.17

Lenacil 8,487 . 424 5,853 94,275 109,039 24.09

MCPA . . . . 1,026 1,026 0.65

Metamitron 30,668 . 1,629 20,994 164,575 217,866 172.68

Paraquat . . 203 . 5,589 5,792 2.53

Phenmedipham 32,707 . 739 15,709 189,968 239,123 60.73

Propaquizafop . 5,263 256 . 7,403 12,922 1.01

Propyzamide . . . . 162 162 0.08

Tri-allate 96 . . 1,558 11,694 13,348 12.12

Trifluralin . . . 825 490 1,314 1.37

Triflusulfuron-methyl 15,103 . 1,821 7,354 96,774 121,052 1.68

Other herbicides1 1,599 . . 107 38,115 39,822 29.82

All herbicides 167,089 10,865 13,854 100,059 1,077,596 1,369,463 555.39

1Other herbicides includes Chloridazon/lenacil, Chlorpropham/fenuron/propham, Ethofumesate/metamitron/phenmedipham, Glufosinate-ammonium, Lenacil/phenmedipham, Quizalofop-P-ethyl, Quizalofop-ethyl,Terbuthylazine/terbutryn & unspecified herbicides


Table 22 Set-aside: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)

Industrial Industrial Mustard Game Fodder Grass Natural Total area Totaloilseed rape linseed cover crops regeneration treated Tonnes

Fungicides

Carbendazim 14,531 391 . . . . . 14,922 4.24

Carbendazim/flusilazole 12,421 . . . . . . 12,421 1.48

Chlorothalonil . . . 23 . . . 23 0.01

Cyproconazole 83 . . . . . . 83 < 0.01

Difenoconazole 3,648 . . . . . . 3,648 0.16

Epoxiconazole . . . 45 . . . 45 < 0.01

Fenpropidin/fenpropimorph . 316 . . . . . 316 0.05

Fludioxonil . . . 23 . . . 23 < 0.01

Flusilazole 3,882 . . . . . . 3,882 0.39

Flutriafol . . . 23 . . . 23 < 0.01

Iprodione 8,074 54 . 52 . . . 8,180 0.15

Iprodione/thiophanate-methyl 6,967 . . . . . . 6,967 5.68

Mancozeb/metalaxyl 212 . . . . . . 212 0.11

Prochloraz 1,033 338 . . . . . 1,371 0.15

Quinoxyfen . . . 23 . . . 23 < 0.01

Tebuconazole 13,390 707 . . . . . 14,097 1.73

Tebuconazole/triazoxide . . . 8 . . . 8 < 0.01

Thiram 278 . . . . . . 278 0.01

Vinclozolin 2,625 . . . . . . 2,625 0.77

Other fungicides1 2,108 . . 52 . . . 2,160 0.84

All fungicides 69,252 1,806 . 249 . . . 71,307 15.77

Sulphur 3,690 . . . . . . 3,690 19.19

Fungicide/insecticides

Carboxin/gamma-HCH/thiram 6,052 381 . . . . . 6,433 0.90

Fenpropimorph/gamma-HCH/thiram 12,421 1,017 . . . . . 13,438 1.99

Gamma-HCH/thiram 7,428 875 . 52 . . . 8,354 1.06

All fungicide/insecticides 25,900 2,273 . 52 . . . 28,225 3.94

Areas grown (hectares) 294,272 26,623 2,260 13,879 9,180 88,294 269,964 704,471

1Other fungicides includes Carbendazim/iprodione, Carbendazim/prochloraz, Carbendazim/tebuconazole, Carbendazim/vinclozolin & Metalaxyl/thiabendazole/thiram


Table 22 (cont.) Set-aside: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)


Growth regulators Chlormequat 2,921 306 . 23 . . . 3,249 2.82 Chlormequat/choline chloride 1,783 . . . . . . 1,783 1.18All growth regulators 4,704 306 . 23 . . . 5,032 3.99

Herbicides Amidosulfuron . 795 . . . . . 795 0.01 Bentazone . 519 . . . . . 519 0.33 Bromoxynil/ioxynil . . . 78 . 180 . 258 0.07 Clopyralid 3,935 . . 377 . 112 21 4,445 0.37 Cyanazine 480 . . 46 . . . 526 0.26 Cycloxydim 5,730 306 . . . . . 6,036 0.67 Dicamba/mecoprop-P . . . 78 . 113 . 191 0.18 Diflufenican/isoproturon . . . 30 173 . . 203 0.17 Diquat 8,108 1,129 . . 635 . . 9,872 5.52 Diquat/paraquat 350 348 . . . 19 6 723 0.45 Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl . . . 78 . . . 78 < 0.01 Fluazifop-P-butyl 5,478 1,500 . . . . . 6,977 0.61 Fluroxypyr . . . 23 . 86 . 109 0.02 Glyphosate 15,718 2,031 597 1,119 2,471 2,879 112,058 136,873 145.61 Isoproturon . . . 30 173 . . 203 0.16 MCPA . 782 . 624 . 1,196 1,126 3,728 2.91 Mecoprop . . . . . . 291 291 0.17 Mecoprop-P . . . . . 90 670 760 0.59 Metazachlor 12,272 . . 16 . . . 12,288 7.90 Metsulfuron-methyl . 2,662 . 11 . 120 4,300 7,093 0.04 Metsulfuron-methyl/thifensulfuron-methyl . . . . . . . 0 < 0.01 Paraquat . . . . 515 . 576 1,091 0.81 Propaquizafop 8,466 . . 65 . . . 8,532 0.34 Propyzamide 5,730 . . . 157 . . 5,888 3.35 Simazine . . . . . . 204 204 0.10 Tri-allate . . . 8 . . . 8 0.02 Trifluralin 10,080 1,334 . 99 . . . 11,513 11.33 Other herbicides1 10,707 1,105 . 651 . 3,013 1,150 16,625 13.15All herbicides 87,056 12,508 597 3,333 4,124 7,807 120,403 235,829 195.14

1Other herbicides includes 2,4-D, Atrazine, Benazolin, Benazolin/2,4-DB/MCPA, Benazolin/clopyralid, Bentazone/MCPA/MCPB, Bromoxynil, Bromoxynil/clopyralid, Bromoxynil/ioxynil/mecoprop, Carbetamide,Clopyralid/2,4-D/MCPA, Clopyralid/fluroxypyr/triclopyr, Clopyralid/triclopyr, Desmetryn, Fluoroglycofen-ethyl/isoproturon, Glufosinate-ammonium, MCPA/MCPB, MCPB, Pyridate, Quizalofop-P-ethyl, Quizalofop-ethyl,Rimsulfuron, Sethoxydim & Thifensulfuron-methyl


Table 22 (cont.) Set-aside: pesticides and their reasons for application (treated hectares) and total amount applied (tonnes)


Insecticides

Alpha-cypermethrin 5,290 . . . . . . 5,290 0.06

Chlorpyrifos . . . . . . 365 365 0.18

Cypermethrin 28,466 1,204 . 162 173 . . 30,005 0.76

Deltamethrin 1,919 . . 184 515 . . 2,618 0.02

Gamma-HCH . 444 . . . . . 444 0.18

Lambda-cyhalothrin 6,524 748 . 35 . . . 7,308 0.05

Pirimicarb 4,977 374 . 62 . . . 5,413 0.59

Zeta-cypermethrin 1,289 . . . . . . 1,289 0.01

All insecticides 48,465 2,770 . 443 688 . 365 52,731 1.84

Molluscicides

Metaldehyde 2,461 . . . . . . 2,461 1.19

Methiocarb 51 . . . . . . 51 < 0.01

Other molluscicides1 483 . . . . . . 483 0.09

All molluscicides 2,995 . . . . . . 2,995 1.29


Unspecified seed treatments 6,434 1,183 401 619 . 418 . 9,055 .



Table 23 Comparison of the area of arable crops grown in Great Britain, 1988 – 1998

Area grown (hectares)Crop 1988 1994 1996 1998

Cereals

Wheat 1,878,404 1,802,191 1,967,270 2,035,686

Winter barley 849,336 620,132 740,876 760,497

Spring barley 982,699 450,596 491,211 455,594

Oats 116,963 105,950 93,446 94,714

Rye & triticale 13,027 13,004 15,320 20,270

All cereals 3,840,429 2,991,873 3,308,123 3,366,761

Oilseed rape 345,658 403,474 355,845 505,424

Linseed 12,749 57,870 65,007 114,191

All potatoes 167,977 154,851 168,494 158,382

Pulses 259,824 227,610 179,463 212,319

Sugar beet 202,099 194,504 198,778 188,355

All arable farm crops1 4,828,736 4,030,182 4,275,710 4,545,431

1excludes set-aside


Table 24 Comparison of pesticide usage on cereals, 1988 - 1998, area treated (ha) and amount used (t)

Chemical 1988 1994 1996 1998ha t ha t ha t ha t

Insecticides

Carbamates 226,316 32.54 170,691 16.37 70,532 6.08 90,472 7.48

Organochlorines 5,402 6.13 3,232 3.58 5,703 6.01 14,737 14.11

Organophosphates 768,538 248.32 940,632 374.06 313,729 122.75 400,049 156.81

Pyrethroids 280,591 5.45 688,059 12.26 2,317,168 41.59 2,432,056 43.42

Other insecticides 999 . 709 0.05 569 . 14,001 0.75

Total - all insecticides 1,281,846 292.44 1,803,322 406.31 2,707,701 176.42 2,951,314 222.57

Fungicides 7,977,751 4,458.08 8,737,387 2,733.47 11,189,106 3,145.48 11,798,041 2,629.99

Growth regulators 1,891,254 2,033.90 2,399,334 2,476.33 2,939,545 2,773.88 3,687,374 3,001.34

Herbicides 7,969,868 10,192.85 7,518,001 5,308.41 8,769,077 6,546.97 9,945,871 6,780.94

Molluscicides 443,822 137.88 568,435 179.41 304,392 97.25 285,185 95.08

Seed treatments 3,628,024 168.47 3,011,963 403.63 3,362,195 283.93 3,390,409 264.60

Total - all registered pesticides 19,564,542 17,115.15 21,026,479 11,103.94 25,909,821 12,740.01 28,667,785 12,729.92

Area grown 3,840,429 2,991,873 3,308,123 3,366,761


Table 25 Comparison of pesticide usage on oilseed rape, 1988 - 1998, area treated (ha) and amount used (t)


Insecticides

Carbamates 1,467 0.31 4,800 0.85 1,673 0.08 18,600 1.94

Organochlorines 22,002 11.40 6,007 2.46 5,964 1.91 5,266 1.35


Pyrethroids 170,601 3.15 347,510 6.81 542,510 9.93 676,598 11.89

Other insecticides 8,055 . 1,634 0.30 987 . 5,089 0.54

Total - all insecticides 260,301 49.74 369,921 14.71 552,238 12.28 709,707 17.46

Fungicides 414,773 351.72 471,558 390.16 704,855 424.60 1,129,468 505.36

Growth regulators 9,517 11.59 5,000 5.47 23,033 22.44 39,010 38.13

Herbicides 718,297 688.28 704,077 346.37 731,820 309.44 1,170,018 550.48

Molluscicides 70,563 20.51 120,829 40.22 72,389 26.14 134,161 45.76

Seed treatments 314,897 10.03 395,735 34.91 372,084 31.63 528,747 44.32

Total - all registered pesticides 1,473,451 1,121.83 1,671,385 796.93 2,084,335 794.90 3,182,364 1,157.19

Area grown 345,658 403,474 355,845 505,424


Table 26 Comparison of pesticide usage on linseed & flax, 1988 - 1998, area treated (ha) and amount used (t)


Insecticides

Organochlorines . . 14,839 5.49 6,975 3.16 573 0.46

Organophosphates 2,354 0.80 383 0.20 282 0.20 1,635 0.68

Pyrethroids . . 33,224 0.67 12,432 0.24 22,104 0.39


Desiccants 441 52.01 . . . . . .

Fungicides 4,177 2.13 4,641 1.77 11,230 12.98 61,942 22.17

Growth regulators . . 2,414 3.18 2,893 2.99 6,639 9.18

Herbicides 36,517 21.56 169,468 71.62 157,181 61.21 349,818 125.24

Molluscicides . . 1,800 0.29 . . 1,570 0.64

Seed treatments 17,240 1.54 46,037 2.07 55,785 24.29 112,494 34.96

Total - all registered pesticides 43,489 76.50 226,769 83.22 190,994 80.77 444,281 158.77

Area grown 12,749 57,870 65,007 114,191


Table 27 Comparison of pesticide usage on all potatoes, 1988 - 1998, area treated (ha) and amount used (t)


Insecticides

Carbamates 45,973 7.16 118,520 14.97 143,921 17.00 76,675 8.49

Organochlorines 3,051 8.26 . . . . . .


Pyrethroids 9,994 0.20 73,208 1.50 165,625 3.26 64,652 0.90

Other insecticides 3,486 0.52 42,984 5.05 81,137 9.28 45,109 4.80


Desiccants 54,912 5,417.68 90,685 12,805.51 95,501 13,112.53 90,348 12,727.13

Fungicides 820,939 999.52 1,087,551 1,157.92 1,116,628 1,134.50 1,555,311 1,338.56

Growth regulators 1,255 3.08 17,690 72.27 10,185 36.63 9,352 30.93

Herbicides 265,212 259.00 332,196 265.73 395,882 312.65 400,669 264.29

Molluscicides 38,004 11.38 67,737 13.38 72,141 17.75 107,095 26.44

Nematicides1 21,353 77.14 20,631 75.58 33,420 398.40 36,548 120.67

Seed treatments 110,405 59.40 102,764 45.65 129,255 47.85 128,154 42.16

Total - all registered pesticides 1,323,390 6,812.84 1,917,382 14,479.32 2,180,960 15,078.08 2,400,295 14,538.62

Area grown 167,977 154,851 168,494 158,382

1 includes uses of aldicarb, 1,3-dichloropropene, ethoprophos, fosthiazate & oxamyl


Table 28 Comparison of pesticide usage on pulses, 1988 - 1998, area treated (ha) and amount used (t)


Insecticides Carbamates 29,998 5.20 55,060 6.10 33,267 3.11 64,545 6.36 Organochlorines 807 0.89 . . 42 0.04 194 0.19 Organophosphates 60,676 24.98 28,982 9.24 28,638 9.60 36,331 11.48 Pyrethroids 74,210 1.87 165,294 3.49 200,303 3.61 154,099 2.73 Other insecticides 5,847 0.55 16,626 2.08 8,127 0.88 15,738 1.89Total - all insecticides 171,539 33.49 265,963 20.91 270,376 17.23 270,907 22.66

Desiccants . . . . 334 43.75 . .

Fungicides 331,138 227.51 352,896 212.00 327,368 181.00 493,196 279.32

Growth regulators 479 0.69 315 0.41 . . 485 0.45

Herbicides 413,500 434.63 433,337 365.62 426,248 324.84 507,624 383.04

Molluscicides 3,918 2.44 5,639 2.38 2,028 0.67 2,955 0.78

Seed treatments 135,089 21.98 88,712 16.96 83,493 15.10 104,600 18.14

Total - all registered pesticides 920,574 698.76 1,058,149 601.32 1,026,355 567.49 1,275,167 686.25

Area grown 259,824 227,610 179,463 212,319


Table 29 Comparison of pesticide usage on sugar beet, 1988 - 1998, area treated (ha) and amount used (t)


Insecticides

Carbamates 206,142 62.37 111,551 23.27 37,701 9.52 30,529 5.13

Organochlorines 14,147 15.84 7,700 7.39 7,394 7.12 723 0.55


Pyrethroids . . 8,920 0.21 145,552 2.68 24,381 0.52

Other insecticides 10,105 4.71 40,473 5.09 30,214 3.42 24,196 2.45


Fungicides 8,084 64.67 85,919 481.52 85,177 440.44 163,168 458.41

Herbicides 662,885 1,433.14 1,150,200 608.13 1,428,093 604.58 1,369,463 555.39

Molluscicides 6,063 2.71 11,787 2.63 8,120 1.69 3,173 1.27

Nematicides1 26,273 19.95 24,326 16.77 20,222 11.51 28,190 24.86

Seed treatments 202,099 28.51 645,861 24.09 496,967 27.64 506,471 30.46

Total - all registered pesticides 964,014 1,611.55 1,473,145 1,154.02 1,765,585 1,081.46 1,645,186 1,049.55

Area grown 202,099 194,504 198,778 188,355

1 includes uses of aldicarb & oxamyl

Documents

PUS Report 159 - Arable Farm Crops in Great Britain 1998 · 10%, mainly due to increased use of fungicides for late blight control during the very wet summer, whereas the total weight