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Putting Down Roots Opportunity and Oppression in Colonial Society. CHAPTER 3. What am I?. What am I?. What am I?. Rise of a Commercial Empire. “Mercantilism” One country’s gain is another country’s loss English leaders ignored colonies until 1650s Navigation Acts passed in 1660 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Putting Down Roots Opportunity and Oppression in Colonial Society
CHAPTER 3
What am I?
What am I?
What am I?
Rise of a Commercial Empire• “Mercantilism” – One country’s gain is another country’s loss
• English leaders ignored colonies until 1650s• Navigation Acts passed in 1660– Was suppose to generate revenue for the crown and
monopolize American Trade – Planters hurt by Navigation Acts (Increased prices of
goods)– New England merchants skirted laws – After revisions, Navigation Acts eventually benefited
colonial merchants
cotton
iron
lumber
furniture
tools
textiles
I’m bloody filthy rich!
Navigation Acts
ex: sugar, tobacco, indigoMost products could be sold only to England.
All products going to the colonies had to first go through England where the products were taxed
spices
tea
spices
tea
Effects of the Navigation Acts
Smuggling occurs but Navigation Acts eventually becomes accepted
Life Expectancy in the Colonies
New England• Came over in families which
led to a high reproduction rate and low mortality rate that strengthened social stability
• Church membership and education was highly valued
Chesapeake • Came over with mostly
males (Normal family life impossible)
• High mortality rate created the largest social impact
• Without immigration, population would have declined
Women
New England• Women’s roles
– Farm labor– Went to church more then
men (2 to 1)– Women could not control property
• Divorce difficult• Both genders
accommodated themselves to roles they believed God ordained
Chesapeake • Scarcity gave some women
bargaining power in marriage market
• Childbearing extremely dangerous (shorter life expectancy by 20 yrs compared to NE)
Socio-Economic Structure
New England• Absence of very rich created a
new social order• New England social order:
– Local gentry of prominent, pious families
– Large population of yeomen loyal to local community
– Small population of landless laborers, servants, poor
• Only moderate disparities of wealth
• Servitude was more an apprenticeship
Chesapeake • Tobacco based economy led
to Large landowners who controlled much of labor
• Great planters create social order:– Gentry become colony’s elite
leaders– Invested in workers/slaves– Amassed huge tracts of land
• Greater disparities of wealth• Servitude was more like
slavery
Origins and Destinations of African Slaves, 1619-1760
Race and Freedom in British America
• Indians decimated by disease• European indentured servant pool waned
after 1660• Planter class in Chesapeake and Carolina’s
need labor• Enslaved Africans to fill demand for labor
African American Identities
• All Africans participated in creating an African American culture (part African + part American)
• Widespread resentment of debased status • Armed resistance such as South Carolina’s
Stono Rebellion of 1739 a threat– This led to slave owners to increase their power
over their slaves
Civil unrest in the Colonies
• English colonies experienced unrest at the end of the seventeenth century
• Winners gained legitimacy for their rule• Examples– Bacon’s rebellion – King Philips War– Glorious Revolution