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Putting the ‘S’ in SPaGPutting the ‘S’ in SPaGA whistle-stop tour
PluralsPlurals
just add an s (word ends in consonant or e)
change y to i add -es
-ch,-sh,-x, -s add-es
-f changes to v add-es (thief-thieves)
change the word completely! (person-people)
Just because there is an s there, it does not mean that it needs an apostrophe.
Just because there is an s there, it does not mean that it needs an apostrophe.
Verb endingsVerb endingspresent and future tensepresent and future tense
Add -ing (some nouns): building,climbing, sprawling, vanishing.
Drop final -e/ add -ing: exciting, raising, amazing, wrestling.
Short vowel/double consonant/ add -ing: stopping, beginning.
Verb endingsVerb endingspast tensepast tense
Add -ed: camped, echoed, stretched, discovered, transformed.
Short vowel/double consonant/add -ed: grabbed, planned
Change the y to i/add -ed: carried, qualified, satisfied, married.
Add -d: arrived, injured, judged, released, replaced, illuminated.
double consonants/short vowels (word ends in consonant or e): actually, generally, physically.
add -ly consonant/long vowel: frequently, highly, perfectly, smoothly, thoroughly, importantly.
add -ly word ends e (e needed for rest of word): approximately, extremely.
remove e/add -ly word ends e (removing won’t change the rest of the word): gently
AdverbsAdverbs
i before e except after i before e except after cc
sound ee/put iesound ee/put ie
PrefixesPrefixesNeed to know key Need to know key
prefixesprefixes
SuffixesSuffixes
key suffixes+rules to key suffixes+rules to add add beautiful, carefully, colourful, effortless, hopeful, regardless, successful, wonderful, responsible.
SuperlativesSuperlatives
Add –est to denote the ‘best’ of a group of objects
biggest, largest, nastiest, tallest, widest
ComparativesComparatives
Add –er to make direct comparisons
taller, larger, bigger, nastier, wider
CompounCompound Wordsd Words
Some words are made by joining two roots together
countryside, headquarters, themselves, throughout
Double consonantsDouble consonants
Used to protect/create short vowel sounds in words
apprehensive, common, different, difficult, excellent, follow, million, opposite, passenger, pollution, press, slippery, still, successful, sunny, permission, currency, common, opportunity.
Silent LettersSilent Letters
Many letters are used ‘silently’ in words.
castles, climbing, designed, different, environment, hedges, interesting, knowledge, known, should, strength, stretched, surprise, wrestling
Shun soundShun soundThere are five ways of spelling this sound
-ive words-ive words
Usually used as a suffix; often misspelled as -iv, -eve or –ave. It follows the normal suffix rules
apprehensive, destructive, expensive
-al words-al words ee soundsee sounds
These words have the same sound as
another, but are spelt differently
heard (herd), practice (practise), weight
(wait), where (wear, ware)
homophoneshomophones
Common WordsCommon WordsThese words incorporate a range of spelling rules and sound patterns, including some of those listed above – can you spot them?
amongst, anchors, audience, aware, between, breeze, capable, change, complete, crawl, crept, first, future, journey, moment, most, mysterious, perform, press, purpose, realistic, serious, shook, silence, sneeze, symbol, technique, top, tumble, luxury, delicate, ordinary, fibres.