PVTi Presentation

7/24/2019 PVTi Presentation

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IntroductionWhat is Pvti used for ?

Lunching Pvti

The Main Panel

Define Components

Characterisation of Plus Fraction

The Fluid Model

Samples In Pvti

Phase Plot

Eercises


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Fluid Properties Estimation

Creating a Fluid S!stem

Simulating Eperiments"egression

Eporting Eclipse Pvt Ta#le


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Fluid Flow Simulation Data

Geocellular ModelPVT Model

Eclipse Model

Production History Well Test

SCAL Model

Grid & Geometry Property Model


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Different Sections In a clipse Data !ile


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Pvti is a compositional pvte$uation of state #asedprogram used forcharacteri%ing a set of fluidsamples for use in our

Eclipse simulators&We need Pvti #ecause it is

vital that 'e have a realisticph!sical model of ourreservoir fluid samples#efore 'e tr! to use them ina reservoir simulation&


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"e#uire $no%lede of fluid 'e(a)ior in reser)oir* %ell and at surface

+)er a %ide rane of pressures* temperatures and compositions

Refining Transport

Surface Separation

Sampling

Gas Injection(Re-cycling)

Sampling

Sampling

Multi-PhaseFlow

Miscile!Immisicile"isplacement

Pressure "ecline

#ear $ellore %loc&age

Saturation 'hange


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,eed to predict-Composition of %ell stream ).s. time

Completion desin /%ell'ore li#uids0

Gas in1ection or re2in1ection

Specification of in1ected as2 (o% muc( C3* 4* 56s to

lea)e inseparator confiuration and conditions

Misci'ility effects


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To match an E$uation of State too#servations This is done to compensate for the ina#ilit! to

measure directl! all the things 'e need to (no'a#out the h!drocar#ons

To Create )*lac(+,il- P.T ta#les for a *lac( ,il model

)Compositional P.T parameters for aCompositional Model


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The Main panelS!stems/ Define Fluids and

Samples

Simulate/ Eperiments and

,#servations"egress / Match EoS

Eport / "esults to Simulators


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Edit Fundamentals

Fluid Model

Samples

Properties Estimation

Eperiments ,#servation


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Edit Fundamentals

Fluid Model

Samples


Eperiments ,#servation


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#uation of State

Components

7inary Interaction Coefficients

Volume S(iftsT(ermal Properties

L7C Viscosity Coefficients

Split

Group


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0n E$uation of State 1E,S2 isan anal!tic epression relatingpressure to volume andtemperature

*est method for handling

large amounts of P.T dataEfficient and versatile means

of epressing thermod!namicfunctions in terms of P.T data

3one completel! satisfactor!for all scientific andengineering applications


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#uation of StateComponents


Volume S(ifts

T(ermal Properties


Split

Group


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Li#rar! Component

4ser Component

Characteri%ed Component


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If !ou use characteri%ationcomponents5 !ou must generall!specif! at least t'o out of thefollo'ing/

Molecular 'eight M'

Specific gravit! 5 Sg

3ormal #oiling pointtemperature 5 T#

Watson characteri%ation factor 56'


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T'o strings 'hich specif! thecharacteri%ation procedurere$uired for/

Critical properties&

6essler+Lee 1625 Cavett 1C25"ia%i+Dau#ert 1"25 Winn 1W2 orPedersen 1P2

0centric factor&6essler+Lee 1625 Edmister 1E25

Thompson 1T2 or Pedersen 1P2&


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Properties increasing 'ithincreasing molecular 'eight

Tc Critical Temperature

T# 3ormal *oiling Point .c Critical .olume

0centric Factor

o Li$uid Densit!

Pa Parachor


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Properties decreasing 'ithincreasing molecular 'eight

Pc Critical Pressure

7c Critical 7+Factor

8aving defined ourcomponents and pseudo+components5 'e can define'hat our sample is madeof.


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#uation of State

Components

*inar! Interaction Coefficients

Volume S(ifts

T(ermal Properties


Split

Group


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Strictl!5 #inar! interactioncoefficients are interpreted asaccounting for polar forces #et'eenpairs of molecules&

Man! authors have suggested that

#inaries are the o#vious E$uationof State parameter to ad9ust tomatch E$uation of State tola#orator! results5 especiall! theMethane to plus+fraction #inar!&

8o'ever5 Pedersen et al&5 havesho'n that this is pro#lematic.


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(6at% and Fir%oo#adi( Eperimentall! determined for 3on+8!d/8!d

( 8!d/8!d all %ero ecept #et'een C:and C3;

(C:+C3; + =&=

( Cheuh+Prausnit%( Theoretical consideration

+=

B

jcic

jcic

jiVV

VVAk3/1

,

3/1

,

6/1,,

,

)(21


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#uation of State

Components


.olume Shifts

T(ermal Properties


Split

Group


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The volume shift corrections applied to thethree-parameter PR3 and SRK3 equationsof state assume that the mis-match in

predicted and measured liquid density atsome reference conditions on a component-

y-component asis can e used to correctvolumes at all other pressures andtemperatures. !n an attempt to account forthe "nown temperature dependence# twomethods are availale for modifyin$ thevolume shifts.


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3o Temperature DependenceTemperature Dependence

%inear &'pansion (nly

Polynomial correlations


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#uation of State

Components


Volume S(ifts

T(ermal Properties


SplitGroup


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Insufficient description of heavierh!drocar#ons reduces the accurac!of P.T predictions- 1Whitson C&8&5SPE@5 p& AB5 0ug& :AB2

Condensates and .olatile ,ils are

particularl! sensitive to plus fractioncomposition and properties

La#oratories tend to give ver! limitedanal!sis to the plus fraction5 i&e&5 M3;5

3;


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The plus fraction often has animportance that appears to faroutwei$h its relatively

small mole fraction of a fluid sample. !nparticular# saturation pressure

calculations can e e'tremely sensitiveto the mole fraction and properties ofthe plus fraction. )ore

accurate predictions requirin$ less

re$ression of equation of stateparameters can e achieved if athorou$h description of the plusfraction can e made.


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This menu allo's for theautomatic splitting of the plusfraction in to a re$uirednum#er of su# fraction forsu#se$uent use in a large

regression or for output to acompositional simulator suchas one in Eclipse&

There are four methodsavaila#le from this option forsplitting the plus fraction 5'hich must #e the lastcomponent /


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Constant mole fractionsplitting 1CMF2

Whitson

Multi feed split5 or

semi continuousthermod!namicsplitting


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#uation of StateComponents


Volume S(ifts

T(ermal Properties


Split

roup


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This menu allo's for the automaticgrouping of the su# fraction forsu#se$uent use in a large regressionor for out put to a compositionalsimulator such as the one in Eclipse&

There are three methods availa#lefrom this option for grouping thecomponents /

Mole fraction

Molecular 'eight

Miing "ule


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Compositional simulatoruses same E,S model as

P.Ti

Flash calculations can ta(e

= of simulation time

"educe num#er of

e$uations reduce

num#er of components


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7asis for roupin similar properties* e MW same lo/80 )ersus p trend

insensiti)ity of e9periments to trialroupin

+')ious candidates iC4and nC4 C4

iC5and nC5 C5

Add ,: to CH4* C+: to C:H; /at lo%concentrations0


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Edit !undamentals

!luid Model

Samples

Properties stimation

9periments +'ser)ation


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.ie' Samples

,#servation Li#rar!


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Finger plot give an idea of thenature that is condensate orvolatile oil5 of a given fluid sample

providing a reasona#le split of the

heptanes plus5 then condensatet!picall! has straight line or do'ntuning5 slope proceeding to'ardsthe heavier fractions 'hilst a

volatile oil has an upturning 5slopeas it usuall! contains more heav!fraction


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4tilities G 4nits

Edit G Fundamentals

Edit G Fluid Model

E$uation of state


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This Exercise describes how to use PVTi for Fluid Proerties Esti!"tio#$Fluid roerties esti!"tio#

c"# ro%ide &uic'(loo' PVT t"bles "t the well site$) s"tur"tio# ressure *bubble or dew(oi#t+to,ether with " reser%oir co!ositio# "re sufficie#t i#uts to ro%ide " &uic'(loo' si!ul"tio#- ,i%i#,

"# i#iti"l esti!"tio# of fluid roerties i# "d%"#ce of " full fluid "#"l.sis i# the l"b$)fter co!leti#,

this Exercise .ou should be "ble to use PVTi "s " si!ul"tio# tool for fluid roerties esti!"tio#$C+:

,: ;

C> 3;.4?

C: =.;?

C3 ;.=5

IC4 >.44

,C4 3.=3

IC5 >.44

,C5 >.4>

C; 4.33

C?@ 33.:=

M% C?@ :>

Sp C?@ 5

/#it Field

Te! /#it F"hre#heit

Perce#t",e

",e Pressure

Pb 2516$7 si,

Te! 220 F


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Split The CH;Component to >Components *! / Whitson Method

Dra' the phase and finger plot

Compare the Phase Plots


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Edit Samples


Eperiments

Eercises


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Define Sample : 17I2 asSeparator ,il

Define Sample 1as2 asSeparator as

Miing T!pe *! / asG,il "atio

3e' Sample 3ame/"ecom#

S!stem Temp/ = F

S!stem Press/ === Psia


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Single PointPressure Depletion

In9ection Stud!

Separators


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!eed t(is container %it( , moles of fluid 2

composition C+:,: C>C :23C 42;C ?2>>2>5

C >;2:


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82)alues #uili'rium Constants

xi

V .i

i

iix

yK =


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Specif! temperatureand feed compositionof ,IL

P.Ti returns pressure'here phase transitionoccurs&


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Specif! temperatureand feed compositionof 0S

P.Ti returns pressure'here phase transitionoccurs&


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Definition/ The intensiveproperties of the vaporand li$uid #ecome e$ual

Intensive properties +independent of the

amount of component

Etensive properties +dependent on the amountof su#stance in the

s!stem5 e&g& heat content5volume internal energ!.


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Simulation SectionDefining Fluid S!stem

of 0S

M06E DEW P,I3T

C0LC4L0TI,3


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Specify a temperature and aseries of pressures

Pic$- +IL* GAS or SI, /trueone2p(ase system* suc( asdry as a'o)e t(e

cricondont(erm0

Saturation )olume %ill 'eused as a normaliation)olume


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At p E psatt(ere are no compositional c(anes andCVD and DL are e#ui)alent to CC

i&uid

V"or V"or

p>pb p


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Specif! a temperature and aseries of pressures&

0pplied to li$uidGoil s!stems onl!

0ll gas is removed at each

pressure stepLast pressure step 'ill #e a

reduction to standard conditions +

automatic.


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i&uid

Sc(ematic Diaram of

Differential Li'eration

i&uid i&uid i&uid

V"or

V"or

;ell

Volu!e "t

ubble Poi#t

p>pbub p


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Separator tests are conducted to determine

the chan$es in the volumetricehavior of the reservoir fluid as the fluid

passes throu$h the separator

*or separators+ and then into the stoc" tan".The resultin$ volumetric

ehavior is influenced to a lar$e e'tent y the

operatin$ conditions# i.e.#pressures and temperatures# of the surface

separation facilities. The primary

o,ective of conductin$ separator tests#therefore# is to provide the

essential laoratory information necessary for

determinin$ the optimumsurface separation conditions# which in turn willma'imie the stoc"-tan"

oil production.

i&uid i&uid

p>pbubpbub


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Separat or Separator Gas/Oi l Ratio For mation Molar ra !tion "ensit# "ensit #

$ressure %emperature &olume to 'i(ui) o 'i(ui) o &apor

*arsa o+ Fa!tor Stream Fra!tion Fra!tion

- - .106 -602 6.01 00610

to

1-132 3- 1- 2-001 -300 22 1623

+umulatie or 2323 2-001 -300 .2 126-

Separator %rain

1-132 16 20-1 2-.2 -336 .0 12-

2 2 133. -3 31- 22606

to

1-132 323 162. -01 33 1612

+umulatie or 16 162. -01 2 1-60

Separator %rain


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Cannot predict viscosities from E,S/phase flo' propert!

T'o most 'idel! used correlationsLohren%+*ra!+Clar( 1L*C2

Pedersen et al

L*C ,6 for gases and volatile oils5 ver!poor for heavier oils

Pedersen #etter for gases and oils5 #utnot good for heav! oils 1presence of

asphaltenes2


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7ased on Correspondin States Met(od/CSM0

A roup of su'stances o'ey CSM if functionaldependence of Freduced #uantity on ot(erreduced #uantities is t(e same for allcomponents in t(e roup

Pe)ersen

r f/Tr* Pr0

Alternati)e ly and Hanleyr f/Tr* r0


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.iscosit! a parameteri%ed function of reduceddensit!

'here critical densit!

To give

c

r

=

0

3

0

2

321 rrrr aaaaa ++++=

1

1

,

1

=

==

N

i

ici

c

c Vx

V


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0 "elia#le Prediction of ThePressure Performance of aas Condensate "eservoir is3ecessar! in Determining"eserves 0nd Evaluating Field

Separation Methods&


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Specify a temperature/'elo% cricondot(erm0 anda series of pressures

Applies to 'ot( oil andcondensate systems

Vapor remo)ed to restorecell to oriinal )olume

"elati)e )olume reported ist(e fraction of t(e cell filled

%it( li#uid after t(e as isremo)ed


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V"or


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It should #e performed on allCondensates and volatile oils asthese are the fluids 'hich are goingto undergo the greatestcompositional changes if thereservoir pressure is allo'ed to drop#elo' the saturation pressure&

0s the pressure drops #elo' the#u##le pointGde' point pressure5 thefollo'ing calculations and

procedures are ta(en


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Simulation Section

Defining Fluid S!stem of 0S

Simulating De' Point PressureCalculation

Simulating CCE Eperiments

Simulating C.D Eperiments

,#served Data/.ap+7 Factor+

Li$uid sat J Moles "ecoverdPlotting "esults


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Simulation Section

Defining Fluid S!stem of0S

Split 8eav! component toB 54sing Multi Feed Method&

Simulating CCE Eperiments

Simulating C.D Eperiments

,#served Data/.ap+7 Factor+

Li$uid sat J Moles "ecovered

Plotting "esults


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W(y "eress +S parameters Incomplete fluid description

Limitations of cu'ic +S

Pro'lems of reressionMulti2)aria'le

,on2linear


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Chec( measured data for

consistenc! and $ualit!Compositions sum to :==?

Pressure+dependent data/ correcttrends?

Material #alance on C.D?

Propert! definitions?

Consistent units?

Plus fraction description?

E,S/ 4se three+parameter

model + etra degree offreedom in si 1.olume ShiftParameter2


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.ar! properties of poorl!

defined components5 i&e&5 plus

fraction1s2

Choose as fe' properties as

possi#le )*ounding- "ms or

.aria#les limits

"edundanc! in varia#le set/ )trial and

error- to find optimum set or

sensitivit! matri 0i9< riG9

Ensure varia#le monotonicit!


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1Tc5 pc25 or ,megas of plus

fraction1s2/ saturation pressure5

li$uid dropout5 etc&

.olume shift/ 7+factors5 densities5

etc&7cor .cfor L*C viscosit!

Consider

Eperiment set

,#servation set and 'eights

.aria#le set and limits


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o#=t /se ibr"r. ;o!o#e#t )s

e,ressio# P"r"!eter

Pc- Tc > w of "#. ?o# ibr"r.

;o!o#e#t

Pc - Tc > w of "#. ;o!o#e#t A!e", of )#.

;o!o#e#t


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9periments and o'ser)ations

La'oratory Measurements

CC

CVD

DLSeparator Test

"eression- %(ic( )aria'lesW(en Ho%

"eression %ei(ts


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Oil based muds are widely used in offshore drilling

applications. Of concern however is the resultingcontamination associated with obtaining high quality samplesof formation hydrocarbons. The filtrate of oil based muds ishighly soluble in formation hydrocarbon fluids, therefore, anycontamination of the sample with oil based mud filtrate cansignificantly affect the composition and phase behavior of theformation fluids. The reservoir fluid samples for PVT tests caneither be collected by bottom hole and/or surface sampling

techniques as and when appropriate. During the drillingprocess, due to over-balance pressure in mud column, mudfiltrate invades the formation. If an oil-based mud is used inthe drilling, it can cause major difficulties in collecting highquality formation fluid samples. As the filtrate of oil-based

drilling mud is miscible with the formation fluid, it couldsignificantly alter the composition and phase behavior of the

reservoir fluid. Even the presence of small amount of oil-basedfiltrate in the collected sample, could significantly affect thePVT properties of formation fluid.


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,il #ased muds are in 'idespread

use and often contaminate P.Tsamples ta(en at the 'ell site&

P.Ti offers t'o methods forcleaning oil #ased muds /

"emoving oil #ased mudcontamination #! s(immingmethod&

"emoving oil #ased mudcontamination #! su#tractionmethod&


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:ud co!ositio#


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,ne o#9ective of P.T 0nal!sis

Produce data for simulation

T!pe of model to use

*lac(oil Model

Compositional

0ll assume that E,S has #eentuned to relia#le measured data


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Different Sections In a clipse Data !ile


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"egion :

"egion


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EportingEclipse :== P.Tta#lesChanging the unit

s!stem

enerating Eclipse:== P.T ta#les


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Eporting Eclipse :== P.T

ta#les

Changing the units!stem

enerating Eclipse :==P.T ta#les


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P.Ti has several simulations

availa#le for investigating gasin9ection processes&The threethat correspond closel! tola#orator! eperiments are/

S'elling Test

.apori%ation Test

Multiple Contact Test


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Moles of In9ected

as Sat&Press

#Cected "s ;A2

Te! 302 F


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Moles of In9ected

as

"elative vol&


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nder normal conditions* oil & as

reser)oir fluids form distinct* immisci'lep(ases

Immisci'le p(ases are separated 'y aninterface

associated %it( inter2facial tension /I!T0

%(en I!T


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sta'lis(ment of misci'ility

depends onpressure /MMP0

fluid system compositions

Misci'ility normallydetermined 'y la'oratorymeasurement

Misci'ility difficult to predictanalytically

comple9 p(ase 'e(a)ior

deri)ation of surface tension


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T(ree 'asic types of

misci'le processfirst2contact misci'ility

condensin2as dri)e

)aporiin2as dri)e


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Ex"!le Ail ;1( 31D #Cectio# ,"s ;1

#;4( 55D

;10( 14D

*

*

5< >


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"ule >-

!or >st Contact Misci'le 2Pressure of Displacementmust 'e a'o)eCriconden'ar


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Pressure E MMP

All points 'et%een sol)ent andreser)oir oil lie in sinle p(asereion

,eed (i( concentrations of

sol)ent 2 e9pensi)e


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In9ection gas is enriched 'ith

intermediate components such as/CI5 CB5 C>etc

Mechanism/Phase transfer of intermediate MW h!drocar#ons

from the in9ected gas into the oil& Some of the gas)Condenses- into the oil&

The reservoir oil #ecomes so enriched 'ith thesematerials that misci#ilit! results #et'een thein9ection gas and the enriched oil&


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In1ection Gas

oil

#uili'rium +il Transferred to ,e9t Cell

Condensing as Drive

In1ection Gas In1ection Gas In1ection Gas

Mi9in >- In1ection as %it( "eser)oir +il

Mi t M lit i t L d V


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in1ection as

o

G

reser)oir oil

M>

L> L: L3

V:V3

V>

M:M3

V4

M4

L4

Plait Point

e9tension of critical tie line

Mi9ture M>splits into L>and V>

/li#uid and Vapor0

Mi9in :- In1ection as %it( Li#uid L>

Mi9ture M: splits into L:and V:

Mi9in 3- In1ection as %it( Li#uid L:Mi9ture M3 splits into L3and V3

Mi9in 4- In1ection as %it( Li#uid L3Mi9ture M4 splits into L4and V4

T(e enric(ed Li#uid Liposition mo)es to%ard

t(e Plait Point until a line connectin t(ein1ection as and t(e enric(ed li#uid lies

only in t(e sinle p(ase reion.

Mi i'ilit d l d t t(


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e9tension of critical tie line

+

reser)oir oil

line from reser)oir oil tanent

to : p(ase en)elope

as compositions %it( ,+

multiple contact misci'ility

as compositions %it(

multiple contact misci'ility

as compositions %it(

first contact misci'ility

Misci'ility de)eloped at t(e

trailin ede of t(e in1ection

as


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Pressure K MMP

Solvent and oil not misci#leinitiall!

Solvent components transfer toli$uid oil phase

"epeated contact #et'een oiland solvent moves s!stemto'ards plait 1critical2 point1d!namic misci#ilit!2


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!or systems %it( oil composition

to left of tie line* sol)entcomposition must lie to ri(t

!ield 'e(a)ior is morecomplicated

continuous* not 'atc(* contact'ot( p(ases flo%

actual p(ase 'e(a)ior more complicated*especially near plait point


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A P i t( t ( i '


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( As P increases t(e t%o p(ase reion 'ecomes

smaller. At some point as A is to t(e ri(t of t(elimitin tie line and MCM de)elops+

( "esults from slim tu'e displacements at )ariouspressures

5

miscile

Minimum Misci'ility Pressure

/MMP0

immis

cile

+il "eco)ery

D

P

=52=


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I 9 ti L C


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In9ection as + Lean as5 C:5

C,I5 3I

For vapori%ing gas drive +multiple contact misci#ilit!

Mechanism/ Intermediateh!drocar#on components in theoil vapori%e to enrich the gas&

0s the leading edge of the gas

slug #ecomes sufficientl!enriched5 it #ecomes misci#le'ith the reservoir oil&

In1ection Gas


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1

oil

#uili'rium Gas Transferred to ,e9t Cell

oiloiloiloil oil

in1ection as

GMi9in >- In1ection as %it( "eser)oir +il


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reser)oir oilo

G

L>

M>

V>

V:V3

V4

L:L3 L4

L5

M:

M3

M4

M5

V5

o

o

o

o o

Mi9in >- In1ection as %it( "eser)oir +il

Mi9ture M>splits into L>and V>

/li#uid and Vapor0Mi9in :- Gas Mi9 V>%it( reser)oir oil

Mi9ture M: splits into L:and V:

Mi9in 3- Gas Mi9 V:%it( reser)oir oil

Mi9ture M3 splits into L3and V3

Mi9in 4- Gas Mi9 V3%it( reser)oir oil


Mi9in 5- Gas Mi9 V4%it( reser)oir oil


T(e enric(ed Gas Viposition

mo)es to%ard t(e Plait Point

until a line connectin t(e

enric(ed as and t(e

reser)oir oil lies

only in t(e sinle

p(ase reion.

in1ection as

GMisci'ility de)eloped at t(e


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176

G

!or MCM in a Vaporiin Gas Dri)e

T(e "eser)oir +il composition MST

lie to t(e ri(t of t(e limitin tie line

Misci'ility de)eloped at t(e

leadin ede of t(e in1ection

as


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177


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178


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179


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180

T i l f *l ( ,il d


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181

T!pical uses of *lac(+,il and

Compositional/

*lac(+,il/ Pressure Depletion5 8eav! to medium oils

Compositional/ as in9ection5Misci#ilit!53ear+critical

fluids5 Condensates

"eservoir compositions !


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"eservoir compositions i5 !i

from depletion eperiment5 i&e&5C.D or DL

Whitson and Torp/ flash li$uidand vapour through separators

*lac(oil properties ratio of

reservoirGseparator volumes5 etc&

Coats/ vapour as Whitson andTorp

Li$uid volumes #! mass conservation

Satisfies reservoir oil densit!

!irst Contact Misci'ility Pressure9periment( Specify a temperature and t%o named samples


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( Specify a temperature and t%o named samples

( Calculates t(e lo%est pressure at %(ic( t(e samples%ill 'e directly misci'le /al%ays one p(ase0 in all

proportions+


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T"'i#, Exercise(11

)dd First ;o#t"ct > :ultile

;o#t"ct :iscibilit. Exeri!e#ts

;o!"re The esults$

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