Q1. Why do Allomerus ants cut off the flower buds of the Cordia nodosa tree they colonize.

Q2. Some species of Yucca moths are parasitic. When do these parasitic yucca moths lay their eggs?

Q3. How does Dischidia major (Malaysian urn plant) benefit from its relationship with Philidris ants?

Q4. The North American black cherry tree (Prunus serotina) produces extra-floral nectaries as long as the Eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) larvae are _____________.

Q3. What relationships are mutualistic?

Q5. Why are the piggy-back ants present on the leaf fragments?

Q4. (a) Mean, mode, and median are measures of ______________________?

Q4. (b) SE = SD ??

Q1. The SD of the tail length of 9 kittens is 3 cm. What is the SE?

Q2. What structures of the Acacia tree provide food for the ants? (a) _________________ , (b) _______________ .

Q3. The relationship between the aphid-milking ants and aphids is best described asA. neutralism.B. commensalism.C. amensalism.D. mutualism.E. competition.F. antagonism.

Q4. The relationship between the buffalo and cattle egrets is commensalism. The table summarizes buffalo and egret populations when the buffalo and egret are together and alone. Complete the table.

Buffalo Cattle egret

Alone 237 1,086

Together 237 ??

Q5. In “The Marriage of Figaro” what is the relationship between Marcelina and Figaro?

Q1. When do parasitic yucca moths lay their eggs?

Q2. Why do Allomerus ants cut off the flower buds of the Cordia nodosa tree they colonize.

Q3. How does Dischidia major benefit from its relationship with Philidris ants?

Q4. The nest of leaf-cutter ants is characterized by symbiosis between attini ants, Leucocoprinus, Escovops, and Streptomyces. Specify the nature of the relationship:

a) Leucocoprinus and Escovops.

b) Streptomyces and Attini ants.

Q5. The variance of a data set of 49 measurements equals 25. What is the Standard Deviation of the data?

Q1. State Gause’s Competitive Exclusion Principle.

Q2. What did A.C. Crombie’s work with Oryzaephilus and Tribolium suggest about the survival of competing species in the environment?

Q3. List three reasons why multiple leaf-eating species infest a single tree in the tropical rainforest.

Q4. What principle explains why can the Lappet-faced, Ruppell’s, and Egyptian vultures all feed on the same carcass?

Q5. How do you summarize the distance kittens jump:22, 21, 23,25, 22, 33, 24, 20, 22, 21, 25?

Q1. What two phenomena are illustrated (directly or indirectly) by the observations on the slide?

Q2. What does the following graph tell you about the ants and rodents of the southern desert?

Q3. Based on the results of the table what is the symbiosis between ants and rodents in the Sonoran desert? Explain WHY!

Q4. If the Lodge pole ground squirrel aggressively removes the Alpine ground squirrel from the lodge pole forest then

for the Alpine ground squirrel:fundamental niche realized niche,

for the Lodge pole squirrel:fundamental niche realized niche

(Fill in: < or > or =)

Q5. How will you completely define the mass of the acorns of the pin oak of which you measured 7328 individual acorns.

Q1. What type of relationship between the orchid that resembles and smells like a female wasp and the corresponding wasp?

Q2. What is the function of the yellow dots at the base of the Passion flower leaves?

Q3. What is the relationship between Milkweed and Monarch butterfly?

Milkweed Monarch

A 0 0

B 0 +C + +D - -E - +

Positive, negative, or no effect on population size of symbiosis.

Q4. Why are feather mites of the body white (or black) but those of the head both colors?

Q5. What type of defense against predation is used by the toad? (one word)

Q1. Under which conditions did Gause obtain the demonstrated results?

Q2. What is the conclusion of the Kaibab plateau experiment?

Q3. What controls (a) the snowshoe hare population and (b) the lynx population?

Q4. Express in no more than four words why the Asian honey bees can defend themselves against marauding Asian giant hornets but the European honey bees can not.

Q5. What property of the predators makes Batesian mimicry successful?

Apheloria sp.

Brachoria mendota

Q1. (a) What are the white grains? (b) Of what is the picture an example?

Q2. What is the type of antagonism between the Alcon blue butterfly and red ants?

Q3. A clumped distribution results from:(a) uneven distribution of resources,(b) scattered protection from predators, and (c)____________

Q4. What is the distribution of a population when intraspecific competition for space is strong?

Q5. What type of population are these mushrooms?

Q1. What is the distribution of a population when intraspecific competition for space is strong?

Q2. A clumped distribution results from:(a) Uneven distribution of resources,(b) Scattered protection from predators,(c) _______________________________.

Q3. The fairy ring is an example of a _______________ species.

Q4. Atlantic puffins form a metapopulation along the coast of Scotland. What does this mean?

Q5. What populations (NAME!) are characterized by migrations.

Clutch size following year

Clutch size current year

Q1. How does the clutch size in the following year change with the clutch size of the current year?

Reproductive success

Clutch size

Q2. Note on the graph the Lack and optimal clutch size.

Q3. What is (are) the independent variable(s) of an age-structure pyramid?

Q4. Compare the size of the pre-reproductive population to the reproductive population in a graying society.

A. Pre-reproductive > reproductiveB. Pre-reproductive = reproductiveC. Pre-reproductive < reproductive

Q5. The life table of Poa annua, a short-lived grass, includes 843 individuals. What is the death rate of this cohort for the 3 to 6 month interval?

Ageinterval

Numberalive

Numberdeath

0-3 month 843 121

3-6 months 722 195

6-9 months 527 211

9-12 months 316 172

Clutch size following year

Clutch size current year

Q1. How does the clutch size in the following year change with the clutch size of the current year?

Q2. What is the definition of semelparity?

Reproductive success

Clutch size

Q3. Note on the graph the Lack and optimal clutch size.

Q4. Complete the expression:TRV = CRV + ____

Q5. What is the correlation between annual fecundity and annual mortality in birds?