QIISPFutureofWork:Whatdowedo?15th-17thAugust2018

Outline "Future of Work and Social Protec5on” • Whatcanwelearnfromthepast?

• Whatthekeyissuesdiscussedbyauthorsinthebook?

• Whatcanwelearnfromothercountries?

• HowisCanadashapingup?

Poli5cs Ma:ers: Managing Uber in Ontario

•  Reformtoby-lawsbytheKingstonAreaTaxiCommissionrequires:•  Signsoncars•  Safetychecks;nocarsover7yearsold•  Licencingfee;DriverregistraIon;criminalbackgroundcheck•  Goodsandservicetax

•  PoliIcsbetweenKingstonandTorontoaredifferent

What can we learn from past revolu5ons?

• Ugly,brutalandsomeImesveryfast

• MassivedisplacementtotheciIes(Chinatoday;S.EUyouth?)•  Variedbycountry–cfUKandFranceorGreece

• OXenentailedconflictandsocialfragmentaIon

•  FlourishingofartsandcreaIvity-coexist

Who were/are the key actors of change?

• NewIndustrialists

• Liberalthinkersandhumanists

• TradeUnions

• PoliIcalParIes

Key challenges

• CecileJolly-slowadapIon–needmulIlevelsocialdialogue–challengehyperconnecIvityandintegraIngnon-standardworkersinnewlaws•  Zysman&Kenney–investmentandinequaliIes• HowcroXandRubery–genderinequaliIesreproduced•  StefanoandBerg–gigworkerprotecIon• BrunoPalier–challengesforwelfarestatesanddifferentpaths

• ButwhysomearelesseffecIvecomparedtofrontrunners?

Lesson from EU front runners: Denmark & Finland • Denmark–TU-employernegoIaIons–voluntaryagreementsnotlegislaIon• Finland–needtoimproveupskilling,contexttriparIteco-operaIonbutinacontextofmistrustanduproarunionsacceptedwagefreeze,increasedworkingIme,reducedholidaypayantransferofsocialsecuritycoststoemployees;governmentleadershiparoundAI.

Lesson from EU front runners: Sweden & Netherlands • Sweden–codeterminaIon&ALMPasworkerstransferbetweensectors;integrateplaaormsintoexisIngcollecIvebargaining&socialprotecIon.• Netherlands–flexiblejobsandjobquality;emphasissectoralanalysis&triparItenegoIaIons;issues:workersrights,welfare,training&inequaliIes;• IntelligentAugmentaIon–improvehumanlearningrequiresco-creaIon;educaIon;ownership&socialwealthfundsfroma‘robotdividend’

Canadian context: Canada ‘gets it’ Juan Gomez & Rafael Gomez •  resourcefulness,leadershipand‘majorenhancementstopost-secondaryeducaIon,physicalinfrastructure,pensions,unemploymentinsurance,incomesupportandpublichousing,andtherolloutofuniversalhealthcare…..Ontario,openedninepublicuniversiIesinunder10years.‘•  InnovaIonSuperclustersIniIaIve,whichwillinvestsubstanIalsumsinareas,suchasmachinelearningandAI.•  Thefundalsoseekstoinvestinprojectsthatcross-pollinatehightechinmoretradiIonalsectorslikeagriculture,retailandenergy.

Educa5on & Wages

•  blendapprenIceship,work-basedlearningandimprovedlabourmarketinformaIon.• world-classprimary,secondaryandpost-secondaryeducaIonalsystem•  labourandincomesupportpolicies:respondtolow-wageandprecariousemployment.•  increasedminimumwages,•  supportforcollecIverepresentaIon,•  givingworkersagreatersayinscheduling,•  equalpayforcontractandcasualemployees,strongerenforcementoflabourlegislaIon(eghiringmoreinspectors)arebecomingthenorm.’

Suppor5ng new tech

• firstmoveradvantageinfourthindustrialrevoluIonareaslikemachinelearningandAI,withthecityofToronto• neuralnetresearchprogramme• poweringmostofthevoicerecogniIonsoXwareinmobilephones• fundamentalslikeeducaIonandeconomicsupportsfordisplacedworkerswillhelpreduceinequalityandmiIgatewhatcouldbedifficulttransiIonsforsomeindustries

Dark clouds?

• concernthattheexisIngwelfarestatewillbereplacedwithathreadbarebasicincome• toomuchtechcentredfocusonthelabourmarketside,whichignoresopportuniIesformeaningfulemploymentinothersectorseg:personalservicesandcarebasedwork• advanceinnovaIonandproducIvityimprovementsacrossallsectorsandoccupaIons,notonlytech.

Mixed blessings: mixed economy of tech firms

•  largetaxbreaksandsubsidies–toajract‘big’techfirmsworrying.• focusonsupporIngsmaller,successfulCanadianstartups• TorontowaterfrontdistrictQuayside–dominatedbyGoogle• CorktownCommon–localstartups• opendataadvocatesneednaIonaldiscussionaboutinformaIon,relatedpublicinfrastructure,andthedegreetowhichwewantprivateactorsbasedinSiliconValleyinfluencingourgovernanceandpublicservices

StalloutcountriesChallengeofloosingmomentum,‘digitalplateaus’NeedtosustaingrowthChakravorIetal.(2017)

To avoid stall out

• RebuildmomentumbyadopIngpublic-privatepartnershipsondigitalinnovaIon;•  InvestmentinreskillingworkersanddigitalskillsinschoolsanduniversiIes;•  improveaccesstocapitalanddigitalinfrastructuretoreduceinequiIes;• KeeppacewithtransformingrulesofcompeIIon;• Directinvestmenttomorecomplexlessfaddrivenideasthattakeondeeperproblems,ratherthanastampedetounicorninvestments

What can we learn from past revolu5ons?

• Ugly,brutalandsomeImesveryfast

• MassivedisplacementtotheciIes• Variedbycountry,regions,ciIesandsectors

• OXenentailedconflictandsocialfragmentaIon

• FlourishingofartsandcreaIvity-coexist

Who are the key change actors where you are?