QoS SIG PresentationQoS Issues for Rural Communication

© Copyright 2010 GISFI. All Rights Reserved.

Dr. Parag Pruthi NIKSUNDr. Ashutosh Dutta NIKSUNSoma Bandyopadhyay TCS

Date: September 16, 2010

�Parag Pruthi (NIKSUN)�Ashutosh Dutta (NIKSUN)�Soma Bandyopadhyay (TCS)�….

QoS SIG Contributors

Slide 2© GISFI

�QoE => Perceived Quality of Service�Network Metrics

�Bit rate, delay, jitter, packet loss rate�Power consumption

�Application Metrics�Call setup delay

QoE Metrics

�Call setup delay�Failed calls, dropped calls, retransmission�MOS (Mean Opinion Score)

�Several standards groups …� ITU-T SG12� ITU X.902 (IP Telephony)� IETF – IPPM, DIFFSERV� 3GPP – 3GPP TS 32.409 (IMS performance)

Slide 3© GISFI

What affects QoE for Rural Users

� Network Characteristics� Ad hoc type networks – scattered group of users � Lossy links, Fluctuating Traffic demand� Delay tolerant networks (DTN) - not suitable for interactive traffic� Low bandwidth –> Network congestion� Network heterogeneity (e.g., WiMAX and WiFi)

� Frequent user mobility (e.g., cell mobility, subnet mobility)� Application characteristics

Slide 4© GISFI

� Application characteristics� Current Types of Application

�Cellular voice, File transfer (e.g., non-real-time), SMS� Future NGN Application requires QoS support from lower layers

�Real-time streaming (e.g., IPTV)� Interactive (e.g., VoIP) – Delay sensitive�Distance learning, Mobile banking�Group-based conferencing (e.g., Multicast)

� (Priority) Services need QoS reservation

Experiencing Quality of Services under congestion

7 Mbps Cross Traffic

Audio Quality Video Quality

Incr

ease

Tra

ffic

Con

gest

ion

559.5 Mbps Cross Traffic

9 Mbps Cross Traffic

8 Mbps Cross Traffic

Incr

ease

Tra

ffic

Con

gest

ion

QoS is needed at multiple layers

diameter

SIP

HSS

GETS-Application

Server

P-CSCF

I-CSCF

S-CSCF

PCRFPCRF

P-CSCF

S-CSCF

InviteOKACK

DNS/ENUM

RTP

L3 priority-based QoS IMSL2 Priority –based QoS

IP CANCaller (UE1)

SIP

GETS Call

Called (UE2)

Managed IP(Multi-Provider Network)

DNS

WirelessAccess

� UMTS� EvDO� WiMAX� LTE

� Satellite

WirelineAccess� Cable� DSL� Fiber

� Ethernet

WirelineAccess� Cable� DSL� Fiber

� Ethernet

WirelessAccess

� UMTS� EvDO� WiMAX� LTE

� Satellite

RAN

GW

GW

RAN

RAN IP CAN

6

SIP RPH Functions

Application-layer priority Queuing

Copyright © 2007 Telcordia Technologies. All Rights Reserved.

6

Priority QoS Treatment (Diffserv approach) in the Cor e IP Transport

QoS Traffic Class

PriorityLevel

1) No QoS 2) QoS – EF Only 3) QoS –(EF & AF4)

EF- Expedited Forwarding

Highest SIP REGISTER Priority SIP

Priority Voice , Video (RTP)

SIP REGISTERPriority SIP

Priority Voice and Video (RTP)

AF- AssuredForwarding

DSCP classification and marking at the edge, and class-based priority queuing and assured bandwidth scheduling at the edge and core routers

• EF Treatment: For Emergency SIP signaling and SIP Register transport(Strict-priority forwarding for bounded bandwidth)

• AF Treatment: For Emergency VoIP and Video/IP RTP media (Weighted shared bandwidth scheduling of remaining bandwidth among AF classes)

• BE Treatment: Best-effort traffic forwarding only when bandwidth not in use by higher priority traffic; Drop otherwise

7

Lowest

Priority/Non-priority SIP

Priority/Non-priority RTP traffic

Non- Priority SIP

Non-Priority Voice ,Video (RTP

Non-priority SIPNon-priority RTPCross traffic

BE – Best Effort

VoIP Call (10 Mb/s One-way Cross Traffic)

Priority VoIP– 10 Mb/s cross traffic (packet size 1440 bytes)

Applying Diffserv-based QoS to VoIP

8

Non Priority VoIP – 10 Mb/s cross traffic (packet size 1440 bytes)

Non Priority VoIP – 10 Mb/s cross traffic (packet size 400 bytes)

AdministrativeDomain B

CorrespondingHost

IPch

N2N1

ConfigurationAgent

AuthenticationAgent

Authorization Agent

RegistrationAgent

RegistrationAgent

Administrative Domain A

ConfigurationAgent

Authorization Agent

SignalingProxy

AuthenticationAgent

SignalingProxy

Layer 2 L3 PoA

Experiencing QoS due to mobility in 4G network

Backbone

L2 PoA

128.59.10.7207.3.232.10

210.5.240.10

128.59.11.8

N1N1

N2

N1- Network 1 (802.11)N2- Network 2 ( CDMA/GPRS)

L3 PoA207.3.232.10

MobileHost

Layer 3 PoA

L2 PoA Layer 2 PoA

Layer 2 PoA

L3 PoA

128.59.9.6

L3 PoA

A

B

CD

900 ms media interruption

802.11 802.11

h/o delay900 ms

802.11 802.11

4 Seconds media interruption h/o delay 4 s

Handoff Delay~ 18 s

802.11 CDMA

18 Seconds media interruptionh/o delay

18 s

9

HandoverEvent

Network discovery &

selection

Networkattachment

Configuration Securityassociation

Bindingupdate

Mediareroute

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6

Where is the delay during handover process?

selection

Channeldiscovery

L2 association

Routersolicitation

Domainadvertisement

Identifieracquisition

DuplicateAddress

Detection

AddressResolution

Authentication(L2 and L3)

Keyderivation

Identifierupdate

Identifiermapping

Bindingcache

Tunneling

Buffering

Forwarding

Bi-casting/Multicasting

Serverdiscovery

IdentifierVerification

Subnetdiscovery

P11

P13

P12

P21

P22

P23

P31

P32

P33 P41

P42P51

P52

P53

P54

P61 P62

P63

P64

10

A typical roaming scenario in 4G network

vDHCPvP-CSCF

Home domainVisited domain

vS-CSCF

vASvAAA

Internet

Trust domain

vPCRF

hDHCPhP-CSCF

hS-CSCF

hAShAAA

hPCRF

hHAvHA

hMN

hAGW

hMN hMNhMN

Home Local MobilityGlobal MobilityVisited Local Mobility

hMN hMN

hAGWhAGWvAGWvAGWvAGW

Effect of handoff on QoS – IMS Network s

Components Optimized

Reactive

Non-Optimized

Type

s of

Han

doff

PPP Termination

Layer 2 Delay

PPP Activation

MIP-SolicitationMIP-Binding Update

Copyright © 2007 Telcordia Technologies. All Rights Reserved.

12

Figure 1: Levels of MMD Optimization

0 3000 6000 9000 12000

Proactive

Type

s of

Han

doff

Time in ms

DHCP Trigger

DHCP Inform

SIP Trigger

SIP+Security

Media Redirection

Components Optimized

Cross-layer feedback helps to achieve QoS

Application

(Audio, Video, Data)

Codecs (H.261)SAP SIP

RTP RTCP

H.323

TCPUDP

SDP

TCP Retransmission,

Re-negotiateBw, codec

Adaptive Application User Needs, Requirement

User

UDPSCTP

MIP MIPv6 ICMP IGMP

PPPAAL 3/4

CDMA/GPRS/LTE802.3802.11

CSMA/CA CSMA/CD

SONETTX powerModulation

BER

SNR,

switchingLINK status

RoutingHandoff

Retransmission,RTCP

Feedback

CIP

AAL3/4

RIP OSPF

Use case: Media Independent Pre-authentication and proactive discovery

AA CA

MN-CA keyAR

Network 3

ARMN-CA keyNetwork 2

INTERNETInformation

Server

Current AR

ARNetwork 4

CN

TN AA CA

AA CA

Mobile

Network 1AR

AP1 Coverage Area AP 2 & 3 Coverage Area

AP3AP2AP1 CTNTN

CTN – Candidate Target NetworksTN – Target Network

14

IEEE 802.21 assisted proactive handover

Mobility Type

Mobile IPv6 SIP mobility

HandoffParameters

Buffering Disabled+ RO Disabled

Buffering Enabled+ RODisabled

Buffering Disabled+ RO Enabled

BufferingEnabled+ ROEnabled

BufferingDisabled

BufferingEnabled

L2 handoff (ms)

4.00 4.0 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

Results: Media independent proactive handoff

802.11 802.114 sAAA

nARL3 PoA

MN

AP1L2 PoA

AP0(L2 PoA)

Pre-authentication

Network ANetwork B

Pre-configuration

pARL3 PoA

CoreNetwork DHCP

server PANA server

Bufferingmodule

Tunnelingmodule

MN

HA (MIP)Home

Network

ProactiveHandoverTunnel

CN

Network C Network D

(ms)

L3 handoff(ms)

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Avg. packet loss

1.3 0 0.7 0 1.50 0

Avg. inter-packet interval (ms)

16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00

Avg. inter-packet arrival time during handover (ms)

21 45 21 67 21 29.00

Avg. packet jitter (ms)

n/a 29.00 n/a 51.00 n/a 13.00

Buffering period (ms)

n/a 50.00 n/a 50.00 n/a 20.00

Avg. Buffered Packets

n/a 2.00 n/a 3.00 n/a 3.0015

Non-optimized handoff (200 packets loss, ~ 4 s handover delay)

Media Independent Pre-auth handoff (No packet loss – 5 ms handoff delay)

802.11 802.11Interruption

MNMN

Feedback-based service oriented architecture

diameter

SIP

HSS

GETS-Application

Server

P-CSCF

I-CSCF

S-CSCF

PCRFPCRF

P-CSCF

S-CSCFInviteOK

ACK

DNS/ENUM

DNS

RTP

Layer 3 control

IMS

IMS-layer control

PerformanceMonitor

Network

IP CANCaller (UE1)

GETS Call

Called (UE2)

Managed IP(Multi-Provider Network)

WirelessAccess

� UMTS� EvDO� WiMAX� LTE

� Satellite

WirelineAccess� Cable� DSL� Fiber

� Ethernet

WirelineAccess� Cable� DSL� Fiber

� Ethernet

WirelessAccess

� UMTS� EvDO� WiMAX� LTE

� Satellite

RAN

GW

GW

RAN

RAN IP CAN

1616

Layer 2 control

Multi-layer SON

Controller

Feedback

�NIKSUN, TCS, IIITA, (NEC), (VNL),I4CT, MPHASIS

�Gaurav Srivastav (MNNIT)

QoS SIG Task Force

Slide 17© GISFI

QoS (SIG) deliverables - December

� Define several use case scenarios for communication in rural India � Focus QoS metrics for a specific set of applications

� Survey available techniques and framework being discussed in different SDOs

� Map the appropriate techniques and protocols to those use

Slide 18© GISFI

� Map the appropriate techniques and protocols to those use case scenarios

� Draft Best Current Practices for QoS Requirement for Rural India