QUALITATIVE RESEARCHPHENOMENOLOGY AS A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS

Quantitative

Descriptive design and

descriptive statistics

Correlational & Causal

Comparative Studies

Experimental Designs

Inferential Statistics

Validity and Reliability

Qualitative

• Phenomenology

Grounded Theory

Ethnography

Case Studies

QUANTITATIVE VS QUALITATIVEQuantitative

classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed.

knows in advance what s/he is looking for.

Questionnaires or equipment to collect numerical data.

Data is in the form of numbers and statistics

Objective- seeks precise measurement of target concepts.

Qualitative The aim is a complete, detailed

description.

knows roughly in advance what s/he is looking for.

The researcher is the data gathering instrument.

Data is in the form of words, pictures, objects

Subjective- individuals’ interpetation of events is important

THE DEFINITION OF PHENOMENOLOGY Phenomenological study describes the

meaning of the participants lived experiences.

The goal of qualitative phenomenological research is to describe a "lived experience" of a phenomenon.

AN İNTRODUCTİON TO PHENOMENOLOGİCAL RESEARCH

What is the purpose of a phenomenological research design?

1. Gathering ‘deep’ information from the participant.

2. Representing observations from the prespective of the research participant(s).

3. To start from a perspective free from hypothesis or preconceptions.

4. Putting yourselves into the shoes of your participant(s) to have a better understanding.

Research purpose: To describe one or more individuals’ experiences of a phenomenon (Eg:The experience of the death of a loved one.

Disciplinary: philosophy

Primary data collection method: In depth interviews with up-to 10-15 people.

Data analysis approach: list significant statements, determine meaning of statements, and identify the essence of the phenomenon.

Narrative report focus: Rich description of the common characteristics or essences of the experience.

5 ELEMENTS OF PHENOMENOLOGY RESEARCH

1: Identification of a shared experience

2: Phenomenological research attempts to locate the universal nature of an experience

3: Attempt to identify shares experience among various individuals experiencing the same phenomena

5 Elements of Phenomenology Research

4: Attempt to locate the essence of the experience

5: The account of their experience includesa. What was experiencedb. “How the experienced it”

TYPES OF PHENOMENOLOGY

1: Hermeneutic Phenomenology

2: Transcendental or Psychological Phenomenology

a) Transcendental: “everything is perceived freshly, as if for the first time”

b) The focus shifts from researcher interpretation to participant description

ADVANATAGE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Provides depth and details

Creates openness

Simulates people’s individuals experiences

Attempts to avoid pre-judgments

DISADVANTAGE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Usually fewer people is studied.

Less easy to generalize

Difficult to make systematic comparison

Dependent on skills of the researcher

DİSADVANTAGE OF PHENOMENOLOGY solid grounding

Chosen individuals

Braketing

Personal experience

ANALYSIS OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

Descriptıon

Horizonalization

Textural descriptıon

Structural description

Essence

The process

SUMMARY

Themes and topics.

The aim.

Interpretation and conjecture.

REFERENCES

Creswell, J. W.(1998). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design. London: Sage

Lester, S. (1999) An introduction to phenomenological research. Taunton UK: Stan Lester Developments: Retrieved from www.sld.demon.co.uk/resmethy.pdf accessed (19/11/2011)

Neill, J. (2007) Qualitative versus Quantitative research: key points in a class debate

Retrieved from http://wilderdom.com/research/Qualitative VersusQuantitativeResearch.html accessed (19/11/2011)

Near East University

(ELT Dep.) Presented by:

(Mustafa, Arsan and Renas)