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US Army Corpsof EngineersBALTIMORE DISTRICT
FINALSITE SAFETY AND HEALTH PLAN ADDENDUM 2
Greenwood Chemical Superfund SiteFocused Feasibility Study
Operable Unit # 4
Prepared by:Engineering Division
U.S. Army Engineer District, Baltimore10 South Howard StreetBaltimore, MD 21201
October 2000
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SITE SAFETY AND HEALTH PLAN ADDENDUM 2
This document has been prepared as an addendum to the April 1997 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers SiteSafety and Health Plan (SSHP) for OU-4 at the Greenwood Chemical Co. Superfund Site in NewtownVA. The April 1997 SSHP is thereby incorporated by reference. The purpose of this addendum is toassign responsibilities, establish personnel protection standards, and state mandatory safety practices andprocedures for project personnel during the collection of deep soil and background samples at this site.The procedures outlined in this addendum have been developed to comply with applicable local, State,Federal and US Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) safety requirements.
This SSHP addendum has been prepared to ensure the work to be conducted is in compliance with themost current versions of the following regulatory and guidance documents:
USACE, Safety and Health Requirements Manual, EM 385-1-1, 3 Sept 1996;
USAGE, Safety and Occupational Health Document Requirements for Hazardous, Toxic and RadioactiveWaste (HTRW) Activities, Appendix B, ER 385-1-92;
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Construction Industry Standards, 29 CFR 1926,especially 29 CFR 1926.65;
NIOSH/OSHA/USCG/EPA, "Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous WasteSite Activities", October 1985; and
Other applicable Federal, State and local safety and health requirements.
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Greenwood Chemical Superfund SiteFocused Feasibility Study
Operable Unit # 4FINAL SITE SAFETY AND HEALTH PLAN ADDENDUM 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Title Page
1.0 SITE DESCRIPTION AND CONTAMINATION CHARACTERIZATION 11.1 Site History 11.2 Contamination Characterization 11.3 Entry Objectives 1
2.0 HAZARD/RISK ANALYSIS 22.1 Site Tasks 22.2 Hazard Analysis 2
2.2.1 Chemical Hazards 22.2.2 Physical Hazards 42.2.3 Biological Hazards 4
2.3 Task Analysis 52.3.1 Site Mobilization/Demobilization 52.3.2 Installation of Bore Holes 52.3.3 Sample Collection 62.3.4 Decontamination Activities 6
3.0 STAFF ORGANIZATION, QUALIFICATIONS, AND RESPONSIBILITIES 6
4.0 TRAINING 6
5.0 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 65.1 Description of PPE Ensembles 6
5.1.1 Level D 65.1.2 Modified Level D 75.1.3 Level C 7
5.2 Initial Level of Protection 7
6.0 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 7
7,0 SAFETY MEETINGS 7
8.0 RADIATION DOSIMETRY 8
9.0 EXPOSURE MONITORING/AIR SAMPLING PROGRAM 89.1 Flazard Determination 89.2 Exposure Monitoring Schedule 89.3 Equipment to be Used 9
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
Section Title Page
9.4 Action Levels 9
10.0 HEAT STRESS/COLD EXPOSURE MONITORING 10
11.0 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES, ENGINEERING CONTROLS ANDWORK PRACTICES 10
12.0 SITE CONTROL MEASURES 10
13.0 PERSONAL HYGIENE AND DECONTAMINATION 11
14.0 EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION 11
15.0 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND FIRST AID REQUIREMENTS 11
16.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND CONTINGENCY PROCEDURES 1216.1 Injury Or Illness in EZ/CR Zone 1216.2 Fire or Explosion 1216.3 Emergency Contacts 12
16.3.1 Fire/Police/Ambulance 1216.3.2 Medical Care 13
16.4 Site Communications 13
17.0 LOGS, REPORTS AND RECORDKEEPING 13
APPENDICES
Designation
A Figure Al: Hospital Location MapFigure A2: Hospital Route Map
B ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSFigure B-l: Wind Chill ChartFigure B-2: Cold Exposure TLV ChartFigure B-3: Progressive Clinical Presentations
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Greenwood Chemical Superfund SiteFocused Feasibility Study
Operable Unit # 4FINAL SITE SAFETY AND HEALTH PLAN ADDENDUM 2
1.0 SITE DESCRIPTION AND CONTAMINATION CHARACTERIZATION
1.1 Site History
The Greenwood Chemical Company Superfund Site is located in the village of Newtown, AlbemarleCounty, Virginia, between the cities of Waynesboro and Charlottesville. A Vicinity Map is presented inFigure Al. Approximately 18 acres of the 33.6 acres owned by the company were associated withchemical manufacturing and waste disposal activities. These 18 acres comprise the Greenwood ChemicalCompany Superfund Site. The Greenwood Chemical Company manufactured a variety of chemicals atthis site, with applications in industrial, agricultural, pharmaceutical and photographic processes.Operations at the site began in 1947 and were terminated in 1985. The site was listed as a NationalPriorities List (NPL) site in July 1987.
Based on preliminary investigations, the site was grouped into four Operating Units (OUs). This projectwill address additional investigations at OU-4. OU-4 addresses the deep soils at the site as opposed to theOU-1 soil removal activities. Also included in OU-4 are 1) the former lagoon known as "BackfillNortheast" that was associated with former Process Buildings B and C (potential arsenic contamination inshallow soil); 2) the former Process Building B and C area; and 3) the Northern Warehouse Area(potential acetone and arsenic contamination in the shallow soil).
1.2 Contamination Characterization
During previous site investigations, contaminants including volatile organic compounds (VOC), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) and inorganic compounds were detected and determined to becontaminants of concern (COC) for this site. The primary products manufactured at the site included a-naphthalene, acetic acid, 1-naphthaldehyde, and naphthoic acid. According to the Virginia Bureau ofToxic Substances, tons of cyanide per year were used at the site. In addition, arsenic salts were used ascatalysts in producing chloromethylnaphthalene.
Manufacturing activities at the site involved the handling of a large number of drums containing variouswaste, feedstock, intermediate, and final products that were routinely buried according to former siteemployees. The primary disposal site was a trench located along the western boundary of site. All drumswere removed from the trenches during USEPA's removal activities. USEPA also mandated off-siteincineration of sludge and soil, and off-site disposal of other chemical containers. These activities werecompleted by USEPA in 1996. In 1993, USEPA had onsite process buildings removed. In 1999, USEPAinstalled a groundwater pump-and-treat system facility on-site to retard plume migration.
1.3 Entry Objectives
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region III has tasked the U.S. Army Corps ofEngineers (USAGE) to prepare a Focused Feasibility Study (FFS) for Operable Unit (OU) 4 at theGreenwood Chemical Superfund Site. OU-4 was established to address deep soils contamination above
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the water table. During the evaluation of the existing site data, it was observed that there was a lack ofdata that could be used in the interpretation of conditions of the deeper unsaturated soils at the site.
2.0 HAZARD/RISK ANALYSIS
2.1 Site Tasks
Site activities to be conducted by the Baltimore District USAGE field personnel will include subsurfacesample collection operations (hollow stem auguring), sample preservation, handling and shippingoperations, with follow-on laboratory analysis of collected subsurface samples, and the performance ofsampling equipment decontamination procedures. Hand augered background samples will also becollected in areas of the site not subjected to Greenwood Chemical Co. activities. Extraction wellgroundwater samples will be collected from sample collection taps at the groundwater pump-and-treatsystem facility on-site. Following are the anticipated on-site activities and operations to be conducted insupport of this project:
1. Mobilization/demobilization of USAGE personnel and equipment.
2 . Advancement of nine (9) soil borings utilizing a hollow stem auger to a depth of 20+ feet wherethere will be three samples taken per boring.
3 . Advancement often (10) shallow hand augered soil borings for background sampling.
4 . Sampling of the groundwater from the five (5) extraction wells from taps in the groundwater pump-and-treat system facility on-site.
5 . All dovvnhole tools shall be cleaned and decontaminated prior to coming on-site and between eachsample retrieval event in order to prevent the cross contamination of samples. Equipment anddecontamination procedures shall be provided for in the Sampling and Analysis Plan.
6 . The Project Engineer will coordinate for the utility clearance of each sampling location.
7 . Investigation derived wastes (IDW) shall be handled and disposed of in accordance with therequirements established in the project Sampling and Analysis Plan.
2.2 Hazard Analysis
There is the potential for exposure to VOCs, SVOCs and inorganic compounds in contaminated soils andgroundwater and the potential for exposure to physical and biological hazards during field activities.
2.2.1 Chemical Hazards
The COG identified for this sampling effort pose a health exposure hazard through two routes of entry asidentified in the April 1997 SSHP. These routes include: contact with the skin or eyes and inhalation ofaerosols and vapors. Personal protective equipment (PPE) as identified in section 5.0 shall be uti l ized toprotect personnel and to minimize the potential for exposure.
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The following are COC:
AcetoneSynonyms: Ketone propane, PropanoneCAS: 67-64-1OSHAPEL: lOOOppmNIOSHREL: 250 ppmACGIHTLV: 750 ppm, TWA/1000 ppm, STELIDLH: 2500 ppm (10% of LEL)Flash Point: 0 °Flonization Potential: 9.69 eVPhysical Description: Colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor.Symptoms/effects of exposure: Irritation to eyes, nose, skin and respiratory system, headache, dizziness,CNS depressant.Route of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact.First Aid: Eyes: Irrigate immediately, Skin: soap wash immediately, Breath: respiratory support,Swallow: medical attention immediately.
Acetic AcidSynonyms: Vinegar acid, Ethanoic acidCAS: 64-19-7OSHAPEL: 10 ppmACGIH TLV: 10 ppm, TWA/15 ppm, STELIDLH: 50 ppmFlashPoint: 103 °Flonization Potential: 10.66 eVPhysical Description: Colorless combustible liquid or crystals with a sour pungent, vinegar-like odor.Symptoms/effects of exposure: Irritant to eyes, skin, nose and respiratory system, and labored breathing.Route of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact.First Aid: Eyes: Irrigate immediately, Skin: soap wash immediately, Breath: move to fresh air or providerespiratory support, Swallow: medical attention immediately, do not induce vomiting or permit milk orsoda consumption or any fluid if >1 hour has passed since ingestion.
ArsenicSynonyms: As, Arsenia, Copper acetoarseniteCAS: 7440-38-2OSHAPEL: 0.01 mg/m3
NIOSH REL: 0.002 mg/m3 (ceiling)ACGIHTLV: 0.01 mg/m3
IDLH: 5 mg/m3
Flash Point: not applicable (N.A.)lonization Potential: N.A.Physical Description: Metal, Silver gray or tin-white, brittle odorless solid.Symptoms/effects of exposure: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, loss of appetite, cough, chest pain,giddiness, headache, breathing difficulty.Route of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, and contact with eyes and skin.First Aid: Eyes: Irrigate immediately, Skin: soap wash immediately, Breath: respiratory support,Swallow: medical attention immediatelv.
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CyanideSynonyms: CN, KCN, NaCN, Potassium cyanide, Sodium cyanideCAS: 151-50-8 or 143-33-9OSHA PEL: 5 mg/m3
ACGIHTLV: 5 mg/m3
IDLH: 25 mg/m3
Flash Point: not applicable (N.A.)lonization Potential: N.A.Physical Description: KCN and NaCN are white granular or crystalline solids with a faint almond-likeodor.Symptoms/effects of exposure: Rapid loss of consciousness, weakness, headache, confusion, nausea,vomiting, increased rate of respiration, slow gasping respiratory, irritant to eyes and skin.Route of Exposure: Skin absorption, inhalation, ingestion and contact with eyes and skinFirst Aid: Eyes: Irrigate immediately, Skin: soap wash immediately, Breath: respiratory support.Swallow: medical attention immediately.
* - Cyanide that is decomposing or in the presence of moisture may evolve Hydrogen Cyanide gas.
NapthaleneSynonyms: White tar, Naphthalin, Tar camphorCAS: 8030-30-6OSHA PEL: lOppmACGIHTLV. lOppmIDLH: 250 ppmFlash Point: 174 °Flonization Potential: 8.12 eVPhysical Description: Colorless to brown solid with an odor of mothballs.Symptoms/effects of exposure: Irritant to eyes, headaches, confusion, excitement, malaise, (vaguefeeling of discomfort), nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, irritant bladder, profuse sweat, jaundice, bloodin urine, dermatitis.Route of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, contact with eyes and skin.First Aid: Eyes: Irrigate immediately, skin: soap wash immediately, Breath: respiratory support,Swallow: medical attention immediately.
* The NIOSH RELs are listed when their values are more stringent than the PEL or TLV.
2.2.2 Physical Hazards
Tasks required for activities associated with this project may involve exposure to slipping, falling,heat/cold stress, and other physical hazards associated with work activities conducted in an outdoorenvironment.
2.2.3 Biological Hazards
Potential biological hazards associated with this site are those that would be encountered working outside.Employees should exercise caution when encountering hazardous plants such as poison ivy and animalsand insects such as snakes, spiders, bees, wasps, ticks, mosquitoes, ants, etc. at the work-site. Field
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personnel should wear adequate clothing to deny access to the skin and should examine themselvescarefully everyday for the presence of ticks. Employees who are known to be highly sensitive to insectstings should carry a "sting kit" and notify the Site Safety & Health Officer (SSHO) at the work-site.
2.3 Task Analysis
2.3.1 Site Mobilization/Demobilization
The hazards of this phase of activity are those associated with equipment movement, manual materialshandling, and manual site preparation. Manual materials handling and manual site preparation may causeblisters, sore muscles, joint and skeletal injuries and may present the potential for eye hazards, contusionsand lacerations. The flora and fauna of the site may present hazards of poison ivy, poison oak, ticks,fleas, mosquitoes, wasps, spiders and snakes. Slippery work surfaces can increase the likelihood of backinjuries, overexertion injuries, and slips and falls.
2.3.2 Installation of Bore Holes
Drill rig accidents can occur as a result of improperly placing the rig on uneven or unstable terrain, orfailing to adequately secure the rig prior to the start of operations. Underground and overhead utilitylines can create hazardous conditions if contacted by drilling equipment. During operation of equipmentassociated with the installation of bore holes there is the potential for personnel to be cut, struck, orpinned by equipment. Chapter 16, Section M of EM 385-1-1, provides detailed requirements for dr i l l ingequipment safety. The following standard procedures will be required during dril l ing operations:
a) Drilling equipment will be inspected, operated, and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer'soperating manual. A copy of the manufacturer's manual will be maintained on site.
b) Overhead electrical hazards, ground hazards, and underground utilities will be identified prior tobringing the drill rig onsite.
c) Dril l ing crews will be trained in the operation, inspection, maintenance, and safety features of theequipment based on the equipment's operating manual. Training will also include the locations ofoverhead electrical and underground utilities hazards.
d) Drilling equipment will not be moved with the mast up unless the following conditions have beenmet:
e) movement is over level, smooth terrain;f) the path of travel has been inspected for stability and the absence of holes, other ground hazards, and
electrical hazards;g) the travel distance is limited to short, safe distances.h) Equipment will be set up on stable ground and maintained level; cribbing wil l be used when
necessary. Outriggers, if applicable, will be extended in accordance with the manufacturer'sspecifications,
i) Weather conditions will be monitored. Work will cease during electrical storms or when electricalstorms are imminent,
j) Loose clothing, jewelry, or equipment that can get caught in moving machinery wil l not be worn onsite,
k) Equipment operators wil l verbally alert employees and visually ensure employees are clear fromdangerous parts of equipment before starting or engaging equipment.
1) Hoists wi l l be used only for their designed intent and will not be loaded beyond their rated capacity.m) Open boreholes will be capped and flagged; open excavations wi l l be barricaded.
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2.3.3 Sample Collection
The hazards associated with sample collection is the inhalation of organic vapors and gases and thepotential for dermal contact with contaminated soils. Dermal contact will be minimized through use ofchemical resistant garments as described in Section 5.0 and avoidance of media that is suspected of beingcontaminated. Air monitoring for hazardous atmospheres will be conducted as described in paragraph9.0. Personal protective equipment wi l l be upgraded if air monitoring results indicate that additionalsafety measures should be taken.
2.3.4 Decontamination Activities
Hazards associated with decontamination procedures are similar to those expected to be encounteredduring the sampling procedures. Personal protective and air monitoring procedures will be implementedas described in Section 5.0 and 9.0.
3.0 STAFF ORGANIZATION, QUALIFICATIONS, AND RESPONSIBILITIES
See the "Project Organization and Responsibilities" section of the Sampling and Analysis Plan. Thename and telephone numbers of the project's Design Team Leader (DTL), Industrial Hygiene Health &Safety Officer (H&S Officer), and SSHO are found in Section 16.3.1 of this SSHP.
4.0 TRAINING
All personnel assigned to on-site duties on this project will have completed hazardous waste workertraining (40 hours) in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120/29 CFR 1926.65. At least one person on-siteshall be currently certified in first aid and CPR. Documentation of training of Baltimore Districtemployees is maintained in the District offices.
The SSHO will provide additional site specific training for field personnel and site visitors. Training willconsist of contents of this plan, site hazards, emergency procedures and other issues pertinent to sitesafety.
5.0 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
5.1 Description of PPE Ensembles
Use of the following PPE ensembles may be required on this site.
5.1.1 Level D
This level of protection offers no respiratory protection and no dermal protection. Its components willconsist of:
• Hard-hat• Safety Glasses• Hearing protection, when necessary• Steel toe and shank work boots with chemical resistant boot covers.
5.1.2 Modified Level D
This level of protection offers no respiratory protection with some dermal protection. Its components wil lconsist of:
• Hard-hat• Safety Glasses• Hearing protection, when necessary• Tyvek or similar outer garment• Inner latex or similar gloves• Butyl rubber or neoprene or other similar outer gloves• Steel toe and shank work boots with chemical resistant boot covers.
5.1.3 Level C
This level of protection offers respiratory and dermal protection. Its components will consist of:
• Hard-hat• Hearing protection, when ncessary• Tyvek or Saranex outer garment (choice dependent upon gross contamination potential)• Inner latex or similar gloves• Butyl rubber or neoprene or other similar outer glove• Steel toe and shank work boots with chemical resistant boot covers.• Full face-piece air purifying respirator with HEPA/organic chemical cartridges.
5.2 Initial Level of Protection
The init ial level of protection anticipated for each site task as identified in paragraph 2.3 is as follows:
• Site Mobilization/Demobilization Level D• Installation of Bore Holes Modified Level D• Sample Collection Modified Level D• Decontamination Modified Level D
The contingency to upgrade to Level C based on air monitoring results and changing site conditions wil lbe available.
6.0 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
All employees working on this site have received proper medical clearance for respirator use and areenrolled in a medical surveillance program in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120/29 CFR 1926.65.Documentation of the medical surveillance for Baltimore District employees is maintained in the Districtoffices. SSHO shall ensure that all contract personnel have proper medical documentation on-site.
7.0 SAFETY MEETINGS
The SSHO will conduct daily safety meetings at the start of each work day. Additional meetings may berequired. Meeting discussions will include pertinent safety and health issues regarding the day's work.Changes to the SSHP will be discussed along with new work procedures, and any changes in personalprotective equipment. Evacuation routes and emergency response procedures wil l also be reviewed.
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8.0 RADIATION DOSIMETRY
Radiation hazards are not anticipated on this site.
9.0 EXPOSURE MONITORING/ AIR SAMPLING PROGRAM
9.1 Hazard Determination
Before beginning any new phase of work, at the beginning of each shift, and as often as necessary, theSSHO will conduct an area survey to locate hazards and determine appropriate control measures. Airmonitoring results will be documented within the site logbook. All instrumentation used on-site will becalibrated and/or field checked in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations on each day thatfield operations require their use. This data will be recorded in the site logbook.
9.2 Exposure Monitoring Schedule
Exposure evaluations conducted during previous work site activities and site characterization data fromprevious site investigation studies do not warrant the anticipation of immediately dangerous to life andhealth (IDLH) concentrations of site contaminants. The levels of protection outlined in Section 5.2 -Initial Level of Protection have been assigned in accordance with expected concentrations of sitecontaminants of concern found in soil, water, and aerosols. Modified Level D protection has beenassigned for the tasks involved in on-site sample collection and bore hole installation. Monitoring forthese contaminants will be conducted with direct reading instruments and integrated time weightedmonitoring, as appropriate. The following schedule shall be followed for the exposure monitoring.
Work site area monitoring:
1. At the beginning of each day and a minimum of two times during the day.
2. Whenever workers detect or suspect the presence of contaminants in the air.
Work breathing zone sampling:
1. When at-the-source readings of intrusive work activities indicate elevated levels.
2. Prior to and during a new phase of work, site activity, or task, in order to characterize theexposure potential.
3. Periodically as determined by the SSHO.
These guidelines represent the min imum air monitoring requirements and monitoring frequency may beescalated based upon the results of previous monitoring and/or other signs or indicators (odors, detectedsymptoms of exposure, etc.). Monitoring in the breathing zone will always be conducted with theprimary emphasis on those employees considered to have the highest potential for exposure.
The dr i l l rig borehole installation task has the greatest potential for creating airborne dust/soil exposure.Because the dri l l ing operation uses water freely as a part of its operation, paniculate contaminants in soil
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such as arsenic will be of minimal concern through an airborne exposure pathway. In the event thatvisible airborne dust emissions are observed during drill operations, even with these dust suppressionmeasures in place, workers in such areas will wear Level C PPE.
9.3 Equipment to be Used
Type
P1D
Detector Tube(DT)
4 gas meter
SLM
Make/Model
Photovac/MP-100or other similar PID
Drager pump andCyanide 2/a tubes orsimilar DT system
ISCTMX412FourGas Meter
Quest Micro-15 SoundLevel Meter (SLM)
Contaminant Hazard Detected
Hydrocarbon vapors
Cyanide in the form of hydrogen cyanide gas
OxygenCarbon MonoxideLower Explosive Limit (LEL)Hydrogen Sulfide
Noise levels
9.4 Action Levels: (Action levels for upgrading/downgrading PPE, work stoppages, site evacuations,etc.).
Equipment/Contaminant
PID/Hydrocarbon Vapors
Detector Tube/Cvanide
4 Gas Meter/LEL
Action Level
0-5 ppm abovebackground
>5 ppm but<15 ppm abovebackground for5 min
>15 ppm abovebackground for5 minutes
<22-5>5
< 10% LEL10%-20%LEL
Actions to be Taken
Perform periodic monitoring inbreathing zone of workers
Perform continuous monitoringin breathing zone of workers
Upgrade to Level C PPEor stop work, evacuate work area, andcontact project H&S Officer
No action requiredIncrease monitoring frequency in breathing zoneUpgrade to Level C PPEor stop work, evacuate work area, andcontact project H&S Officer
No action requiredMonitor work area to identify source
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>20% LEL Evacuate work area and contact H&S Officer
Noise Meter/Elevated Noise continous 85 dBA Continue work using personal hearingor higher protection with minimum NRR of 20 dB
Environmental Stress any elevated stress Apply preventive measures as requiredcondition
Weather conditions Lightning within 10 Cease work, move workers to safe area andStatute miles wait for change in weather
10.0 HEAT STRESS/COLD EXPOSURE MONITORING
Site work is expected to take place during the fall months. The weather conditions are expected rangefrom cool to cold temperatures. Dependent upon the weather conditions cold exposure could be a factor.Monitoring and prevention protocols for conditions conducive to cold exposure are presented AppendixC. Although heat stress is not expected to be a factor, information is provided in Appendix C.
11.0 STANDARD OPERATING SAFETY PROCEDURES, ENGINEERING CONTROLS ANDWORK PRACTICES
The following work procedures and practices wil l be adhered to during the sampling episodes:
• Use buddy system at all times. At least two people will be in the work area at all times,
• Dust suppression techniques, such as wetting or misting, will be implemented if visible dust is beinggenerated at or near work area. An on-site source of water will be secured for dust suppression dueto pre-existing contamination from the groundwater pump-and-treat system facility on-site.
• Facial hair that interferes with a tight face seal must be removed if work requires the donning ofrespiratory equipment,
• Hands and face must be washed thoroughly upon leaving the work area,
• Workers must develop hand signals with heavy equipment operators,
• Review work practices and SSHP prior to initiating field activities.
12.0 SITE CONTROL MEASURES
The worksite will be zoned to reduce the spread of hazardous substances to clean areas. The SSHO w i l lensure that an exclusion zone (EZ) is established with a radius of at least 25 feet for each in t rus iveactivity (boring location). No person wi l l be allowed into the established exclusion zone or thecontamination reduction zone unless that person is in compliance with all provisions of this SSHP. A logwill be kept of entry and exit at the exclusion zone boundaries.
10
13.0 PERSONAL HYGIENE AND DECONTAMINATION
All personnel leaving the exclusion zone will be decontaminated to minimize spread of contaminationoutside of the EZ. The decontamination area will consist of a series of stations within the contaminationreduction zone. Different stages of decontamination will be conducted at each station. The personalhygiene and decontamination area will be moved with each boring. Typical stations are as follows:
Station 1. Equipment drop. Small equipment will be decontaminated as directed by the SSHO.
Station 2. Rinse water tub with sponge or long handled brush for removal of gross contamination onboots and gloves.
Station 3. Tub containing Alconox or other suitable detergent with sponge or long handled brush.
Station 4. Rinse water tub with sponge or long handled brush to rinse away detergent and any remaininggross contamination.
Station 5. Lined trash container for disposable gloves, coveralls, boot covers, etc..
Station 6. Storage area for reusable PPE and clothing.
Station 7. Respirator storage or decontamination: If used, respirators will be removed at this station. Ifto be used again in that day, respirator may be stored here. At end of day each respirator will be cleanedwith soap and water and disinfected inside and out. The respirators will then be stored in clean plasticbags for future use.
Station 8. Disposal of inner gloves.
Station 9. Wash tub to wash and rinse hands and face.
Disposable PPE and decontamination fluids will be disposed of in accordance with the plan for disposalof investigation derived wastes.
14.0 EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION
Equipment and materials used for soil borings and sample collection will be decontaminated or disposedof in accordance with procedures outlined for investigation derived wastes in the Sampling and AnalysisPlan.
15.0 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND FIRST AID REQUIREMENTS
The fol lowing emergency supplies and equipment will be available and maintained in the support zone:
• First aid kit containing supplies for the immediate treatment of cuts, abrasions, lacerations, shock,heat stress, eye injuries, skin irritation, insect bites, burns, and for immobilization of fractures.
• Portable emergency eyewash equipment (in the CRZ)• Fire extinguisher(s)
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16.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND CONTINGENCY PROCEDURES
The buddy system will be in effect at all exclusion zones. The SSHO will take the lead in emergencysituations.
16.1 Injury or Illness in Exclusion Zone/Contamination Reduction Zone
If an employee is injured or ill while in the EZ, the employee and his buddy will exit the EZ and proceedto the contamination reduction zone. Once inside the CRZ, an employee qualified to render first aidassistance will evaluate the nature of the injury and the integrity of the PPE and determine the need forfirst aid and/or evacuation to the medical facility. If decontamination will not further injure the employeeor the injury or illness will allow time for decontamination, the employee will be thoroughlydecontaminated before leaving the CRZ.
16.2 Fire or Explosion
Although fire and explosion are not anticipated on this site, procedures for handling such a situation arepresented in this SSHP. In the event of fire and/or explosion, an emergency signal will be sounded. Allpersonnel will depart the EZ and move to a predesignated area to be accounted for. The SSHO wil l takeappropriate action to control the situation, e.g. summon necessary emergency services, evacuatepersonnel to other location, attempt to contain small fires, etc.
16.3 Emergency Contacts
16.3.1 Fire/Police/Ambulance
In the event of emergencies the following phone numbers are available for help. Emergency phonenumbers and the route map to the hospital will be posted in the support zone. All field personnel w i l l bebriefed concerning the people and equipment that will be summoned during an emergency and theirresponsibilities during an emergency situation requiring hospitalization. Emergency contacts andtelephone numbers are provided below.
• Hospital
• Police
• Fire Department
• Ambulance
• Project SSHO
Augusta Medical Center96 Medical Center DriveFisherville, VA 22939
Waynesboro, VA
Waynesboro, VA
Waynesboro, VA
R. Clint Kneten
Project H&S Officer Maurice J. Wooden, CIH
Project DTL P. Gerry Mijares
(540)932-4465
91
911 or(540) 942-2133
911 or (540)949-7118
(410) 375-06197(410) 962-6743
(410)962-6740
(410) 962-27827(410) 408-3083
12 A
• Poison Control Center (800)552-6337
• Environmental Response Teams (804) 527-5200VADEQ (24 hr)
16.3.2 Medical Care
The nearest medical facility is Augusta Medical Center located at 96 Medical Center Drive (CO HWY608) Fisherville, VA approximately 12 miles from the site. A route map to the hospital (shown as figureAl and A2, Appendix A) will be posted conspicuously in the support zone. The SSHO will determineand mark the best route to the hospital prior to start of field activities. Written directions to the hospitalare as follows: Exit site through main gate and turn left on Newton Road (Rt. 690). Proceed down thehill about 1-2 miles to where the road ends at Rt. 796 (Brooksville Road (?)). Make a left on Rt. 796 andcontinue until Rt. 796 ends at U.S. Route 250. Make a right (west) on Rt. 250 and continue until theintersection with Interstate 64 west (1-64 W). Proceed on 1-64 W for a number of miles and exit at Rt.608. Make a right (northeast) onto Rt. 608 and travel 1 mile to the Augusta Medical Center.
16.4 Site Communications
Personnel will be informed of all known site hazards during an initial safety meeting and will be keptinformed of hazards discovered during site operations. Personnel in the EZ will remain in constantcommunication or within sight of the support zone personnel. Primary means of communication will bevocal. Cellular phones and the telephone at the groundwater pump-and-treat system facility on-site willbe available for emergency contacts for police, fire or ambulance services. The groundwater pump-and-treat system facility on-site telephone number is (540) 456-8050/8053. The cellular telephones on sitewill be (410) 952-5104 and (410) 375-0619.
17.0 LOGS, REPORTS AND RECORDKEEPING
The SSHO will ensure that all records are kept up to date and maintained in accordance with applicableregulations. The following items will be recorded in the daily field log:
Daily list of field personnel,Record of all visitors,Training logs (site specific and visitors),Daily air monitoring results,Levels of personal protection worn by personnel and, as appropriate, visitors,Exposure work-hours and a log of occupational injuries and illnesses,Accident investigations,Daily record of all first aid treatments not otherwise reportable,Daily safety report.
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APPENDIX A
FIGURES
p o r I n f. 9i\ <j U u v c.
Figure Al - Hospital Location Map
Approximate LocationGreenwood ChemicalSite
Augusta MedicalCenter (See Knlargemenf)
,3300429
Figure A2 - Hospital Route Map
Augusta Medical Center96 Medical Center(540) 932-4465
i> |S<i,orrne Slrcci A l i a s USA <f & R 3 0 0 U 3 0
APPENDIX B
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS
A. Heat Stress
1. Heat stress injuries can easily occur when clothing (especially protective clothing) impairs thebody's cooling capacity, the internal body temperature rises, and the normal thirst mechanism is notadequate to bring about fluid replacement that is lost through sweat.
2. When body temperatures taken at the beginning of a rest period indicate temperatures exceeding99.6 degrees F (37.6 degrees C), the next work cycle should be shortened by 1/3. Another indication ofrising internal temperatures is the heart rate. Heart rates can be obtained by counting the radial pulseduring a 30 second period (and double it) as early as possible in a work period. If the heart rate exceeds110 beats per minute shorten the following work cycle by 1/3.
3. The symptoms of heat stress in order of increasing severity include:
a. Heat Cramps (inadequate fluid replacement)
(1) muscle spasms
(2) pain in hands and feet
b. Heat Exhaustion (inadequate blood circulation)
(1) pale, cool, moist skin
(2) heavy sweating
(3) dizziness
(4) nausea
(5) fainting
c. Heat Stroke
(1) red, hot, usually dry skin
(2) lack of or reduced sweating
(3) nausea
(4) dizziness and confusion
(5) strong, rapid pulse
(6) coma
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4. Heat stress first aid includes:
a. Heat Cramps
(1) Replace fluids
(2) Monitor for additional symptoms
b. Heat Exhaustion
(1) Move person to cool place
(2) Rest with feet elevated
(3) Give water in small amounts
(4) Recovery is usually rapid, if not, emergency medical treatment is necessary.
c. Heat Stroke
(1) Cool body immediately with cool water or cold compresses
(2) Call ambulance immediately
(3) Continue cooling until ambulance arrives
5. Heat stress prevention includes;
a. Adjusting work hours during the coolest hours
b. Scheduled rest periods
c. Maintaining body fluids at normal levels by consuming small drinks of moderate temperatureevery 1 5 to 20 minutes.
6. Since the ACGIH TLV work/rest schedule is designed for use with ordinary work clothes and notimpermeable PPE, and a WBGT meter may not be available, the following modified schedule wi l l beused to accommodate the PPE. If PPE is not being utilized, 10 degrees F should be added to thetemperature schedule below.
a. On a cloudy day, continuous work may be performed below 70°F. Above this temperatures beaware of heat stress and use buddy system and guidelines below.
75% work / 25% rest each hour at air temperature 70-79°F50% work / 50% rest each hour at air temperature 79-85°F25% work / 75% rest each hour at air temperature above 85°F
b. At temperatures above 85°F everyone should have their heart rate measurements taken at 30minute intervals stop work in PPE when heart rate reaches 120 beats per minute. This schedule is
B-2 R R 3 0 0 4 3 2
conservative. If one is under a light work load the work periods can be extended. If under a heavy workload or a sunny day the rest periods can be extended.
c. Work shall cease at a shaded dry bulb temperature of 98°F.
d. Each employee should be aware of their own heart rate. If, between work periods, one feels theirheart rate (pulse) may be greater that 120 beats per minute, STOP WORK, notify SSO, go to a shadedarea, take heart rate and, if necessary, REST.
B. Cold Exposure
1. For exposed skin, continuous exposure shall not be permitted when air speed and temperatureresults in an equivalent chill temperature of-15°F. The ACGIH wind chill chart is presented at Figure C-1 and Figure B-2.
2. At air temperatures of 35°F or less it is imperative that workers who become immersed in water orwhose clothing becomes wet be immediately provided a change of clothing, and be treated forhypothermia. At temperatures below wind-chill equivalents of-15°F the following work warm upschedule shall be implemented.
3. Cold stress of hypothermia occurs when the body's core temperature fall below 36°C (96.8°F).Pain in the extremities is the first sign of overexposure. Maximum severe shivering develops when thebody temperature fall to 95°F. This sign of danger and exposure to cold should immediately beterminated. The symptoms of hypothermia are presented at Figure B-3.
R R 3 0 0 U 3 3B-3
Figure B -1
Wind Chill Chart
Cooling Power of Wind on Exposed Flesh Expressed as Equivalent Temperature (under calm conditions)*
EstimatedWind Speed
(in mph)
Actual Temperature Reading (^F)
50 40 30 20 10 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60Equivalent Chill Temperature ("F)
calm 50 -60
(Wind Speeds>40 mph havelittle additional
effect.)
LITTLE DANGERIn <1 hour with dry skin.
Maximum danger offalse sense of security.
INCREASING DANGERDanger from freezing of exposed)
flesh within one minute.
GREAT DANGERFlesh may freeze wi th in 30
seconds
Trenchfoot and immersion foot may occur at any point on this chart.
*Developed by U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
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Figure B-2
Cold Stress TLV Chart
Threshold Limit Values Work/Warm-up Schedule for Four Hour Shift*
Air Temperature-Sunny Skyuc
(approx.)
-26 to -28
-29 to -31
-32 to -34
-35 to -37
-38 to -39
-40 to -42
-43 &below
OF
-15 to-19
-20 to -24
-25 to -29
-30to-34
-35 to-39
-40 to -44
-45 &below
No Noticeablewind
Max.WorkPeriod
No. ofBreaks
(Normal breaks)1
(Normal Breaks)1
75 min
55 min
40 min
30 min
2
3
4
5
Non-emergencywork shall cease
5 mph Wind
Max.WorkPeriod
No. ofBreaks
(Normal Breaks) 1
75 min
55 min
40 min
30 min
2
3
4
5
Non-emergencywork shall cease
10 mph Wind
MaxWorkPeriod75 min
55 min
40 min
30 min
No. ofBreaks
2
3
4
5
Non-emergencywork shall cease.
15 mph Wind
Max.WorkPeriod55 min
40 min
30 min
No. ofBreaks
3
4
5
Non-emergencywork shall cease.
20 mph Wind
MaxWorkPeriod40 min
30 min
No. ofBreaks
4
5
Non-emergencywork shall cease.
Notes:1. Schedule applies to moderate to heavy work activity with warm-up breaks of ten(10) minutes in a warm location.For Light-to-Moderate Work (limited physical movement): apply the schedule one step lower. For example at -30^Fwith no noticeable wind (step 4), a worker at a job with little physical movement should have a maximum of workperiod of 40 minutes with 4 breaks in a 4-hour period (step 5).2. The following is suggested as a guide for estimating wind velocity if accurate information is not available: 5 mph-light flag moves; 10 mph-light flag fully extended; 15 mph-raises newspaper sheet; 20 mph-blowing and dr i f t ingsnow.
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Figure B-3
Progressive Clinical Presentations of Hypothermia
Core Temperature"C37.63736353433323130292827
26252422212018179
OF99.698.696.895.093.291.489.687.886.084.282.480.6
7877.075.271.669.86864.462.648.2
Clinical Signs
"Normal" rectal temperature"Normal" oral temperatureMetabolic rate increases in an attempt to compensate for heat loss.Maximum shivering.Victim conscious and responsive, with normal blood pressure.Severe hypothermia below this temperatureConsciousness clouded; blood pressure becomes difficult to obtain;pupils dilated but react to light; shivering ceases.Progressive loss of consciousness; muscular rigidity increases; pulseand blood pressure difficult to obtain; respiratory rate decreases.Ventricular fibrillation possible with myocardial irritability.Voluntary motion ceases; pupils non-reactive to light; deep tendon andsuperficial reflexes absent.Victim seldom conscious.Ventricular fibrillation may occur spontaneously.Pulmonary edema.Maximum risk of ventricular fibrillation.
Cardiac standstill.Lowest accidental hypothermia victim to recover.Isoelectric electroencephalogram.Lowest artificially cooled hypothermia patient to recover.
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