QUESTION BANK - VSB Engineering · PDF fileQUESTION BANK EC6352-ELECTRICAL ... Why MMF method of estimating voltage regulation is considered as optimistic method?

QUESTION BANK

EC6352-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT – I

D.C. MACHINES

PART – A

1. What is prime mover?

2. Give the materials used in machine manufacturing?

3. What are factors on which hysteresis loss?

4. What is core loss? What is its significance in electric machines?

5. What is eddy current loss?

6. How hysteresis and eddy current losses are minimized?

7. How will you find the direction of emf using Fleming‟s right hand rule?

8. How will you find the direction of force produced using Fleming‟s left hand rule?

9. What is the purpose of yoke in d.c machine?

10. What are the types of armature winding?

11. How are armatures windings are classified based on placement of coil inside the

armature slots?

12. Write down the emf equation for d.c.generator?

13. Why the armature core in d.c machines is constructed with laminated steel sheets

instead of solid steel sheets?

14. Why commutator is employed in d.c.machines?

15. Distinguish between shunt and series field coil construction?

16. How does d.c. motor differ from d.c. generator in construction? Generators

17. How will you change the direction of rotation of d.c.motor?

Either the field direction or direction of current through armature conductor is

reversed.

18. What is back emf in d.c. motor?

19. What is the function of no-voltage release coil in d.c. motor starter?

20. Enumerate the factors on which speed of a d.c.motor depends?

21.Under what circumstances does a dc shunt generator fails to generate?

22.Define critical field resistance of dc shunt generator?

23. Why is the emf not zero when the field current is reduced to zero in dc generator?

24. On what occasion dc generator may not have residual flux?

25. What are the conditions to be fulfilled by for a dc shunt generator to build back emf?

26. Define armature reaction in dc machines?

27.What are two unwanted effects of armature reactions?

28.What is the function of carbon brush used in dc generators?

29. What is the principle of generator?

30. What is the principle of motor?

31. What are different methods of speed control in D.C shunt motor?

32. When is a four point DC starter required in DC motors?

33. If speed is decreased in a dc motor, what happens to the back emf decreases and

armature current?

34. How does a series motor develop high starting torque?

35. What is the necessity of starter in dc motors?

36. Mention the types of braking of dc motor?

37. What are the losses in dc motor?

38. Name any 2 non-loading method of testing dc machines?

PART B

1. With a neat sketch, explain the construction and working of DC Motor and explain

each parts.

2. What is meant by DC Generator ? Explain the theory and principle of operation and

working of DC Generator.

3. Obtain the mathematical expression for the Generated EMF or EMF Equation of a

Generator.

4. Calculate the emf generated by 4-pole wave wound generator having 65 slots with 12

conductors per slot when driven at 1200 rpm. The flux per pole is 0.02 Weber.

5. How the DC Motor can be classified and also explain the following characteristics

(i)No Load Saturation characteristics (ii) Internal or Total Characteristics (iii)

External Characteristics.

6. Explain the following methods for speed control of DC Motor (i) Armature Control

Method (ii) Field Control Method.

7. A 250 V Shunt motor takes the total current of 20 A. The shunt field and armature

resistances of 200 ohm and 0.3 ohm respectively. Determine (i) Value of back emf

(ii) Gross mechanical power in armature.

8. Explain the different techniques for the speed control of DC Series Motor.

9. Explain the following characteristics (i) Speed versus Torque (ii) Torque versus

Current (iii) Speed versus Current for the following motors DC Series, Shunt and

Compound Motor.

10. The armature of a 6-pole, 600 rpm lap wound generator has 90 slots. If each coil has

4-turns. Calculate the flux per pole required to generate emf of 288 Volts.

UNIT – II

TRANSFORMERS 1. Define a transformer?

2. What is the turns ratio and transformer ratio of transformer?

3. Mention the difference between core and shell type transformers?

4.What is the purpose of laminating the core in a transformer? In order to minimise eddy

current loss.

5.Give the emf equation of a transformer and define each term?

6. Does transformer draw any current when secondary is open? Why?

7. Define voltage regulation of a transformer?

8. Define all day efficiency of a transformer?

9. Why transformers are rated in kVA?

10. What determines the thickness of the lamination or stampings?

11. What are the typical uses of auto transformer?

12. What are the applications of step-up & step-down transformer?

13. How transformers are classified according to their construction?

14. Explain on the material used for core construction?

15. How does change in frequency affect the operation of a given transformer?

16. What is the angle by which no-load current will lag the ideal applied voltage?

17.List the arrangement of stepped core arrangement in a transformer?

18.Why are breathers used in transformers?

19. What is the function of transformer oil in a transformer?

20.Can the voltage regulation go –ive? If so under what condition?

21.Distinguish power transformers & distribution transformers?

22. Name the factors on which hysteresis loss depends?

23. Why the open circuit test on a transformer is conducted at rated voltage?

24. What is the purpose of providing Taps in transformer and where these are provided?

25. What are the necessary tests to determine the equivalent circuit of the transformer?

26. Define regulation and efficiency of the transformer?

PART B

1. Draw the circuit diagram for single phase transformer and also explain the principle,

construction, working of it.

2. Obtain the mathematical EMF Equation of a transformer and explain each terms.

3. Draw the circuit diagram of transformer and also obtain the equivalent circuit and mathematical

expression for a transformer.

4. Explain the transformer phasor diagram under (i) No Load Condition (ii) On Load Condition.

5. What are the losses in a transformer? Derive the condition for maximum efficiency?

6. Explain with the help of circuit diagram how are (i) efficiency and (ii) regulation of single

phase transformer predetermined by conducting open circuit and short circuit test?

7. What is meant by auto transformer? Explain the principle, construction, working of a auto

8. transformer. And also explain (i) Step up auto transformer (ii) Step down auto transformer.

9. Draw the approximate equivalent circuit of single phase transformer and identify the various

parameters?

9. Describe the tests to determine and explain how the regulation of the transformer is determined

form the diagram.

10. A single phase 2200/250V, 50Hz transformer has a net core area of 36 cm2 and a maximum

flux density of 6 Wb/m2. Calculate the number of turns of primary and secondary.

11. The no load current of a transformer is 5A at 0.3 power factor lagging & supplied at 2.30V,50

Hz. The number of turns on the primary winding is 200. Calculate (a)maximum value of flux in

the core. (b) the core losses (c) magnetizing current.

12. A single-phase transformer with a ratio of 6600/600 V as a load impedance of (4+j3)Ω

connected across the terminals of low voltage winding. Calculate the KW delivered to the

load.neglacting losses in the transformer, find the current taken by it from the supply lines.

UNIT – III

INDUCTION MOTORS AND SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

1.What are the 2 types of 3phase induction motor?

2.Write two extra features of slip ring induction motor?

3. Why an induction motor is called as rotating transformer?

4. Why an induction motor never runs at its synchronous speed?

5. What are slip rings?

6. What are the advantages of cage motor?

7. Give the condition for maximum torque for 3phase induction motor, when it is running?

The rotor resistance and reactance should be same for max.torque i.e. R2=Sx2

8. List out the method for speed control of 3phase cage type induction motor?

9.Name the two winding of single phase induction motor?

10.What are methods available for making single phase induction motor a self starting?

11. What is the function of capacitor in single phase induction motor?

12. State any 4 use of single phase induction motor?

13. What kind of motors used in ceiling fan and wet grinders?

14. What is the application of shaded pole induction motor?

15. In which direction a shaded pole motor runs?

16. Why single phase induction motors have low PF?

17. Differentiate between “capacitor start” & “Capacitor start capacitor run” single

Phase induction motor (IM)?

18. Explain why single phase induction motor is not a self starting one?

19. Define slip in an IM?

20. Define slip speed in an IM?

21. What is the speed of the rotor field in space?

22. List the various methods of speed control of 3 phase IM?

23. In which type of motor can resistance be introduced in the rotor circuit? What is the effect of it?

24. Why the slots on the IM are usually skewed?

25. What will be the effect when stator voltage and freq of a IM are reduced proportionally?

26. What is slip power recovery scheme?

27. What are the principal advantages of rotating field type construction?

28. What are the advantages of salient type pole construction used in sync.machines?

29.Which type of sync. generators are used in hydroelectric plants and why?

30.Why are alternators rated in KVA and not in KW?

31. Why the sync. impedance method of estimating voltage regulation is is considered as

pessimistic method?

32. Why MMF method of estimating voltage regulation is considered as optimistic

method?

33. Define voltage regulation of the alternator?

34. How is arm. winding in alternators is different from those used in dc machines?

35. What is hunting how can it be prevented?

36. What are different torques of a sync motor?

37. Define step angle?

38. What are different types of stepper motor?

40. What is the advantage in using stepper motor?

41. Give the applications of stepper motor?

42. What is the adv. of reluctance m/c?

PART B

1. Explain the principle, construction, working of an 3-phase induction motor. And also explain

the following rotors (i) Squirrel cage Induction Motor (ii) Phase wound Rotor. Mention some of

the advantages of three phase induction motor.

2. Explain the principle operation of three phase induction motor. And also explain the following

terms (i) Frame (ii) Stator and Rotor Core (iii) Stator and Rotor Windings (iv) Air gap (v) Shaft

and bearing (vi) Slip ring enclosure (vii) Fans.

3. Draw the Equivalent circuit diagram for a Three phase Induction Motor and at any slip. And

also explain (i) Equivalent circuit of the rotor (ii)Transformer Equivalent circuit for Induction

Motor.

4. How the single phase induction motor bring of self starting. Explain the following types of

Single Phase Induction Motor (i) Split phase Induction Motor (ii) Capacitor Induction Motor

(iii) Shaded Pole Induction Motor.

5. Explain the Double revolving field theory how it is applicable for a Single phase Induction

Motor.

6. With neat sketch, explain the principle, construction, working and types of a three phase

alternator.

7. Explain the following terms in three phase alternator (i) Equation of induced emf (ii) Voltage

Regulation (iii) Types.

8. What is meant by Synchronous motor ? Obtain the formulae for Synchronous speed. And also

explain the different methods for starting of synchronous motor.

9. In synchronous Motor explain the following terms (i) Torque Equation (ii) V-Curve

Characteristics.

10. A 50 Hz, 4-pole,3-phase induction motor has a rotor current of frequency 2 Hz. Determine (i)

Slip (ii) Speed of Motor.

11. The input powr to a 6 pole,3 phase,50 HZ Induction motor is 42 KW;the speed is 970 r.p.m.The

stator losses are 1.2KW and the friction and windage losse 1.8 kw.find (i)the rotor cu loss(ii)the

efficiency of the motor.

12. A 1500KVA,6.6KV,3 phase, star connected alternator has a resistance of 0.5Ω/phase and a

synchrouns reactance of 5Ω/phase. find its voltage regulation for (i) unity p.f(ii) 0.8 p.f lagging.

UNIT 4

Part A

BASICS OF MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION

1. Distinguish between static and dynamic characteristics.

2. Compare accuracy and procession.

3. Define the term resolution.

4. Define static sensitivity of an instrument

5. How linearity of the transducer is is being measured?

6. State any two dynamic characteristics of transducers.

7. State the various types errors.

8. Give the types of systematic errors.

9. What are the two methods for achieving variations in inductance?

10. State piezoelectric effect.

PART-B

11. Explain the following characteristics of measurement system (i) Static Characteristics (ii)

Dynamic Characteristics.

12. What is meant by error in measurement system? Explain the following types of errors (i) Gross

Error (ii) Systematic Error (iii) Random Error.

13. Explain the following types of transducer (i) Active and Passive Transducer (ii) Primary and

Secondary Transducer (iii) Analog and Digital Transducer (iv) Transducer and Inverse

Transducer.

14. What is meant by variable resistance transducer or potentio meter ? Explain the following

types of potentio meter (i) Translational type Potentio meter (ii)Rotational type potentio meter

(iii) Helical type potentio meter. And also write the advantages, disadvantages and applications

of it.

15. What is meant by Piezo electric effect ? Obtain the mathematical expression for gauge factor

in strain gauge. Explain the different types of strain gauges (i) Wire wound type strain gauges

(ii) Bonded metal foil strain gauges (iii) Thin film type of strain gauges (iv) Semi conductor

type strain gauges (v) Rosettes. And also write the applications of strain gauges.

16. Explain the principle, construction, working, mathematical expression of RTD. Also explain

the following RTD Scheme (i) Two lead arrangement (ii) Three lead arrangement (iii) Four

lead platinum thermometer.

17. Explain the principle, construction, working, mathematical expression of Thermistor.And also

write the advantages, disadvantages and applications of it.

18. Explain the following types of capacitive type transducers (i) Parallel plate capacitor (ii)

Cylindrical plate capacitor (iii) Capacitor type transducer as microphone.

19. What is meant by piezo electric effect ? Mention any 4-materials used for piezo electric effect.

Obtain the expression for output voltage and equivalent circuit of piezo electric crystal. And

also write the advantages, disadvantages and applications of it.

20. What is meant by variable inductive transducer ? Explain the following different types of

variable inductive transducer (i) Variation of self inductance of the coil (ii) Variation of mutual

inductance of the coil (iii) Production of eddy current.

21. Explain the construction, working and characteristics of LVDT. And also write the advantages,

disadvantages and applications of it.

22. Explain the construction, working and characteristics of RVDT.

UNIT 5

PART A

ANALOG AND DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS

1. Give the applications of measurement systems

2. What are the different types of DVM The DVM are broadly classified into

3. Name the list of non integrating types

4. Name the list of potentiometric

5. Name the list of ramp type 1

6. Name the list of integrating type

7. What are the advantages of successive approximation typeDVM?

8. What are the disadvantages of successive approximation type DVM 8 . What is the principle

of ramp type digital voltmeter?

9. Name the two different type of storage oscilloscope

10. Define storage oscilloscope

11. Define bridge circuits.

12. List the DC bridges wheat stone bridge Kelvin bridge.

13. List the AC bridge

14. What is meant by wheat stone bridge

15. What are the applications of wheat stone bridge

PART_B

1. How the analog instrument is distinguished with digital instruments explain it.

2. Explain the following types of Digital voltmeter (i) Ramp type Digital Voltmeter (ii) Dual

slope integrating type Digital Voltmeter.

3. Draw the block diagram and explain the following types of voltmeter (i) Successive

approximation type DVM (ii) Potentiometric type DVM

4. Draw the block diagram of Digital MultiMeter. How it can be used for the measurement of (i)

DC Voltage (ii) AC Voltage (iii)DC Current (iv) Resistance. And also write the advantages of

it.

5. Draw the schematic diagram of storage oscilloscope and explain each parts.

6. Draw the circuit diagram of Wheat stone bridge. How it can be used for the measurement of

medium value of resistance.

7. Draw the circuit diagram of Kelvin‟s double bridge. How it can be used for the measurement

of low value resistance.

8. Draw the circuit diagram of Anderson‟s bridge. How it can be used to measure the value of

self inductance explain it.

9. Draw the circuit diagram of Schering bridge. How it can be used to measure the value of

capacitance explain it.

10. Draw the circuit diagram of Wien‟s bridge. How it can be used to measure the value of

frequency explain it.

11. What is meant by Q-factor of a coil? Draw the circuit diagram of Q-meter. How it can be used

to measure the value of Q-factor of the coil explain it.

12. How the effective resistance at high frequency can be measured by Q-Meter explain it.

EC6301 - OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING AND DATA

STRUCTURES

UNIT – I

DATA ABSTRACTION & OVERLOADING

1. What are the features of Object Oriented Programming?

2. List the some of the benefits of OOP.

3. What is the use of scope resolution operator?

4. List the advantages of new operator over malloc ().

5. What is the control structures used in C++?

6. State the difference between structures and class.

7. Define a class.

8. List the access modes used within a class.

9. What are the characteristics of member functions?

10. What are the properties of a static data member?

11. What are the properties of a static member function?

12. How can objects be used as function arguments?

13. Define friend function?

14. Define Constructor.

15. List some of the special characteristics of constructor.

16. Give the various types of constructors.

17. What are the ways in which a constructor can be called?

18. Define Destructor.

19. Give the general form of an operator function.

20. What are the types of type conversions?

Part –B

1. Exp la in with the Basic Concepts of object oriented progra mming.

2. Describe the applications of OOP technology.

3. What is a structure and explain the members of structure with an example program.

4. What is function overload ing? Exp la in with an example program.

5. Briefly explain operator overloading with an example.

6. What is friend function? What is the use of using friend functions in c++? Exp la in with a

program.

7. What are the advantages of using default arguments? Exp la in with e xa mp le progra m.

8. Write a program to demonstrate how a static data is accessed b y a static member function.

9. Write a program to get the student details and print the same using pointers to objects and

pointers to members of a class. Create a c lass student. And use appropriate functions

and data members.

10. Exp la in i ) copy constructor and destructor with suitable C++ coding.

ii) static member and this pointer with suitable code.

11. i)Exp la in about Unary Operator and Binary Operator Overloading with program.

ii)Define a supplier c lass. Assume that the items supplied by any given supplier are

different and varying in number. Use dynamic memory allocation in the constructor

function to achieve the solution.

12. What is a proxy class and explain container classes and integrators?

UNIT - II

INHERITANCE & POLYMORPHISM

1. What are the types of inheritance?

2. Give the syntax for inheritance.

3. De fine s in gle inherita nce.

4. Define mu lt i- le ve l inherita nce.

5. Define multiple inheritance.

6. Define Hierarchical inheritance.

7. De fine Hybrid inheritance.

8. What is a virtual base class?

9. What is an abstract class?

10. What are the types of polymorphism?

11. Define „t his‟ pin ter.

12. What is a virtual function?

13. What is a pure virtual function?

14. How can a private member be ma de inherit able?

15. What is meant meant by Abstract base class?

16. Write short notes on virtual base class. 17. What are the iteration statements used in C++?

18. Mention some of the restrictions while using static keyword?

19. List and define the two types of Polymorphism.

20. Define Message Passing.

Part-B

1. Exp la in the various types of Inheritance e with suitable example le program.

2. What are virtual functions? Exp la in their needs using a suitable example. What are the

rules associated with virtua l functions?

3. Write a brief note on casting class pointers and member functions.

4. What are the different forms of inheritance supported in c++? Discussion the visibility of

base class members in privately and publicly inherited c lasses.

5. What are abstract c lasses? Give an example (with the program) to illustrate the use of

abstract class.

6. Exp la in about Code Reuse with program.

7. Write notes on Type conversions and derived c lass with program.

8. Define a student class. Inherit that into MCA Student c lass and Non MCA Student.

MCA Students inherits into GLS Students and Non GLS Students. A function how

Practical Hours can only be applied to MCA Students. We have a base class Student

pointer to a GLS Student object. Use dynamic cast check that Non MCA Students do not

Show Practical Hours.

9. Narrate type conversion with example

10. Explain inheritance with example

11. Explain polymorphism with example

12. What is a virtual destructor? Exp la in the use of it.

UNIT III

LINEAR DATA STRUCTURES

1. Write down the definition of data structure.

2. Define ADT (Abstract Data Type)?

3. Define linear data structure?

4. What are different types of Linked List?

5. What is the difference between array and linked list?

6. Define a stack?

7. Define push and pop operations.

8. Define a queue?

9. What is single linked list?

10. How to create a new node?

11. Define HEAD pointer and NULL pointer?

12. What is meant by dummy header?

13. Define Circular linked list?

14. Mention applications of stack?

15. Define Infix

16. Define prefix

17. Define postfix notations

18. Define inorder ,preorder,postorder

19. Which ADT is used to evaluate arithmetic expressions?

20. What are the conditions that followed in the array implementation of queue?

Part-B

1. Explain about Linked list, its Types, insertion and deletion routines with suitable

example.

2. Explain the insertion and deletion operation in singly linked list.

3. Explain array based implementation of list with an example program.

4. Given singly linked list whose first node is pointed to by the pointer variable C formulate

an algorithm to delete the first occurrence of X from the list and Insert the element X

after the position P in the list.

5. Explain the implementation stack using linked list.

6. Write the ADT operation for insertion and deletion routine in stack.

7. Exp la in the process of postfix, prefix, infix e expression eva luation with an example.

8. Give a procedure to convert an infix expression a+b*c+(d*e+f)* g to postfix notation.

9. Write a routine to insert an element in a linked list

10. What is a queue? Write an algorithm to implement queue.

11. Exp la in the process of conversion from infix e expression to postfix using stack.

12. Write the ADT operation for insertion and deletion routine in linked lists & Queue

UNIT - IV

NON-LINEAR DATA STRUCTURES

1. Define non-linear data struc ture?

2. What is a Binary tree?

3. What are the applications of binary tree?

4. What is meant b y traversing?

5. What is binary tree traversal l?

6. What are the different type s of traversing?

7. What are the two methods of binary tree implementation?

8. Define Graph?

9. Define adjacent nodes?

10. Name the different ways of representing a graph?

11. What are the two traversal strategies used in traversing a graph?

12. What is an acyclic graph?

13. Define Degree of a tree.

14. Define Terminal node or lea f?

15. Define Non-terminal node?

16. Define binary tree?

17. Define expression tree?

18. Define path & Cycle.

19. Define acyclic graph.

20. Exp la in about weighted shortest path & depth first spanning tree.

Part-B

1. Exp la in the operations of insertion of nodes into and deletion of nodes from, a binary

search tree with code.

2. Narrate insertion deletion with example.

3. Give the analysis of insertion and deletion operations of nodes in binary search tree.

4. Draw the binary search tree for the following input list 60, 25,75,15,50,66,33,44. Trace

an algorithm to delete the nodes 25, 75, 44 from the tree.

5. Exp la in the operations of insertion of nodes into and deletion of nodes from, a binary

search tree with code.

6. Explain the two applications of trees with a neat example.

7. How do you insert an element in a binary search tree?

8. What are the graph traversa l methods? Exp la in it with examp le.

9. Give an algorithm to find minimum Spanning tree, explain it with suitable examp le.

10. Write an algorithm for finding minimum spanning tree and exp lain application, illustrate

the algorithm with typica l data of yours own examp le.

11. Exp la in the algorithm for depth first search and breadth first search with the following

graph

12. Explain connected component.

UNIT – V

SORTING and SEARCHING

1. What is meant b y sorting?

2. What are the two main cla ssifica tions of sorting based on the source of data?

3. What is meant b y external and internal sorting?

4. What is the purpose of quick sort?

5. What is the advantage of quick sort?

6. What is the purpose of insertion sort?

7. Define merge sort.

8. What are the advantages of merge sort?

9. What is linear search?

10. What is binary search?

11. Differentiate linear search and binary search.

12. Differentiate quick sort and merge

13. Give the advantage of merge sort

14. Distinguish quick sort and insertion sort.

15. Define sorting.

16. Narrate insertion sort with example

17. List examples for various sorting

18. Give the advantage of Merge sort

19. List linear search and binary search with example

20. Narrate insertion sort with example

Part-B

1. Sort the sequence 3, 1, 4,7,5,9,2,6,5 using Insertion sort.

2. Exp la in the operation and implementation of merge sort.

3. Exp la in the operation and implementation of external sorting.

4. Write quick sort algorithm and exp lain.

5. Trace the quick sort algorithm for the following list of numbers. 90,77,60,99,55,88,66

6. Write down the merge sort algorithm and give its worst case, best case and average

case analysis.

7. Exp la in the Quick sort algorithm with examp le.

8. Briefly explain about quick sort algo rithm.

9. Trace the quick sort algorithm for the following numbers 90,77,60,99,55,88,66

10. Explain linear search & binary search algorithm in detail.

11. Explain linear search algorithm with an example.

12. Briefly differentiate linear search algorithm with binary search algorithm.

Digital Electronics

UNIT – I

MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES AND LOGIC GATES

1) Define binary logic?

2) Convert (634) 8 to binary

3) Convert (9B2 - 1A) H to its decimal equivalent.

4) State the different classification of binary codes?

5) Convert 0.640625 decimal numbers to its octal equivalent.

6) Convert 0.1289062 decimal numbers to its hex equivalent

7) Convert 22.64 to hexadecimal number.

8) State the steps involved in Gray to binary conversion?

9) Convert gray code 101011 into its binary equivalent.

10) Substract (0 1 0 1) 2 from (1 0 1 1) 2

11) Add (1 0 1 0) 2 and (0 0 1 1) 2

12) Using 10‟s complement subtract 72532 – 3250

13) Find 2‟S complement of (1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1) 2

14) Substract 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 from 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 using 2‟s complement method

15) Find the excess -3 code and 9‟s complement of the number 40310

16) What is meant by bit?

17) Define byte?

18) List the different number systems?

19) State the abbreviations of ASCII and EBCDIC code?

20) What are the different types of number complements?

21) Given the two binary numbers X = 1010100 and Y = 1000011, perform the subtraction

22) Given the two binary numbers X = 1010100 and Y = 1000011, perform the subtraction

23) Write the names of basic logical operators.

24) What are basic properties of Boolean algebra?

25) State the associative property of boolean algebra

26) State the commutative property of Boolean algebra.

27) State the distributive property of Boolean algebra.

28) State the absorption law of Boolean algebra.

29) Simplify the following using De Morgan's theorem [((AB)'C)'' D]'

30) State De Morgan's theorem.

31) Reduce A.A'C

31) Reduce A(A + B)

32) Reduce A'B'C' + A'BC' + A'BC

33) Reduce AB + (AC)' + AB'C(AB + C)

34) Simplify the following expression Y = (A + B)(A + C' )(B' + C' )

35) Show that (X + Y' + XY)( X + Y')(X'Y) = 0

36) Prove that ABC + ABC' + AB'C + A'BC = AB + AC + BC

37) Convert the given expression in canonical SOP form Y = AC + AB + BC

38) Define duality property.

39) Find the complement of the functions F1 = x'yz' + x'y'z and F2 = x(y'z' + yz). By

40) Simplify the following expression

41) What are the methods adopted to reduce Boolean function?

42) State the limitations of karnaugh map.

43) What is a karnaugh map?

44) Find the minterms of the logical expression Y = A'B'C' + A'B'C + A'BC + ABC'

45) Write the maxterms corresponding to the logical expression

46) What are called don‟t care conditions?

7) What is a prime implicant?

48) What is an essential implicant?

PART – B

1) Simplify the Boolean function using tabulation method.

F= (0, 1, 2, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15)

2) Determine the prime implicants of the function.

F= (1,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,15)

3) Simplify the Boolean function using K-map.

F(A,B,C,D,E) = (0,2,4,6,9,13,21,23,25,29,31)

4) Obtain the canonical sum of products of the function

Y = AB + ACD Y = AB (C + C')(D + D') + ACD (B + B')

Y = ABCD + ABCD' + ABC'D + ABC'D' + AB'CD

5) Explain about TTL with neat diagrams.

6) Discuss all the characteristics of digital IC‟s.

7) Explain with neat diagram how an open collector TTL operates.

8) Explain the different applications of open collector TTL.

9) Explain in detail about schottky TTL.

10) Explain in detail about three state gate.

11) Explain with necessary diagrams MOS & CMOS.

12) Design a 4-bit binary adder/subtractor circuit.

UNIT – II

COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS

1) What is a Logic gate?

2) Give the classification of logic families

3) What are the basic digital logic gates?

4) Which gates are called as the universal gates? What are its advantages?

5) Classify the logic family by operation?

6) State the classifications of FET devices.

7) Mention the classification of saturated bipolar logic families.

8) Mention the different IC packages?

9) Mention the important characteristics of digital IC‟s?

10) Define Fan-out?

11) Define Power dissipation.

12) What is propagation delay?

13) Define noise margin?

14) Define fan in?

15) What is Operating temperature?

16) What is High Threshold Logic?

17) What is depletion mode operation MOS?

18) What is enhancement mode operation of MOS?

19) How schottky transistors are formed and state its use?

20) List the different versions of TTL

21) Why totem pole outputs cannot be connected together.

22) State advantages and disadvantages of TTL

23) What happens to output when a tristate circuit is selected for high impedance.

24) What is 14000 series.

25) Implement the Boolean Expression for EX – OR gate using NAND Gates.

26) Define combinational logic

27) Explain the design procedure for combinational circuits

28) What is binary decoder?

29) Define Encoder

30) What is priority Encoder?

31) Define multiplexer

32) What do you mean by comparator?

33) List basic types of programmable logic devices.

34) Define ROM

35) Define address and word:

36) State the types of ROM.

37) What is programmable logic array? How it differs from ROM?

38) Which gate is equal to OR-invert Gate?

39) Bubbled OR gate is equal to-------------

40) Bubbled AND gate is equal to-----------

PART – B

1) Explain the working of BCD Ripple Counter with the help of state diagram and

logic diagram.

2) Design a logic circuit to convert the BCD code to Excess – 3 code.

3) Design and explain a comparator to compare two identical words. Two numbers represented

by A = A3A2A1A0 & B = B3B2B1B0

4) Design a sequential detector which produces an output 1 every time the input sequence

1011 is detected.

5) Explain in detail about serial in serial out shift register.

6) Implement the switching function F= ∑ (0,1,3,4,7) using a 4 input MUX and explain

7) Explain how will build a 64 input MUX using nine 8 input MUXs

8) Implement the switching function F= ∑ (0,1,3,4,12,14,15) using an 8 input MUX

9) Explain how will build a 16 input MUX using only 4 input MUXs

10) Explain the operation of 4 to 10 line decoder with necessary logic diagram

11) Design full adder and full sub tractor.

12) Design a 4 bit magnitude comparator to compare two 4 bit number

13) Construct a combinational circuit to convert given binary coded decimal number into an

Excess 3 code for example when the input to the gate is 0110 then the circuit should

generate output as 1001

14) Using a single 7483, draw the logic diagram of a 4 bit adder/sub tractor

15) Realize a Binary to BCD conversion circuit starting from its truth table

16) Design a combinational circuit which accepts 3 bit binary number and converts its equivalent

excess 3 codes

17) Explain carry look ahead adder.

18) Draw and explain BCD adder.

UNIT –III

SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS

1) What are the classifications of sequential circuits?

2) Define Flip flop.

3) What is the operation of RS flip-flop?

4) What is the operation of SR flip-flop?

5) What is the operation of D flip-flop?

6) What is the operation of JK flip-flop?

7) What is the operation of T flip-flop?

8) Define race around condition.

9) What is edge-triggered flip-flop?

10) What is a master-slave flip-flop?

11) Define fall time.

12) Define skew and clock skew.

13) Define hold time.

14) Define propagation delay.

15) Define registers.

16) Define shift registers.

17) Explain the flip-flop excitation tables for RS FF.

18) Explain the flip-flop excitation tables for JK flip-flop

19) Explain the flip-flop excitation tables for D flip-flop

20) Explain the flip-flop excitation tables for T flip-flop

21) Define sequential circuit?

22) Give the comparison between combinational circuits and sequential circuits.

23) What do you mean by present state?

24) What do you mean by next state?

25) State the types of sequential circuits?

26) Define synchronous sequential circuitDefine Asynchronous sequential circuit?.

27) Give the comparison between synchronous & Asynchronous sequential circuits?

28) Define flip-flop

29) What is race around condition?

30) What are the types of shift register?

31) State the types of counter?

32) Give the comparison between synchronous & Asynchronous counters.

PART – B

1) Explain the operation of JK and clocked JK flip-flops with suitable diagrams

2) Draw the state diagram of a JK flip- flop and D flip – flop

3) Design and explain the working of a synchronous mod – 3 counter

4) Design and explain the working of a synchronous mod – 7 counter

5) Design a synchronous counter with states 0,1, 2,3,0,1 …………. Using JK FF

6) Using SR flip flops, design a parallel counter which counts in the sequence

000,111,101,110,001,010,000 ………….

7) Using JK flip flops, design a parallel counter which counts in the sequence

000,111,101,110,001,010,000 ………….

8) Draw and explain Master-Slave JK flip-flop.

9) Draw as asynchronous 4 bit up-down counter and explain its working

10) Using D flip –flop ,design a synchronous counter which counts in the sequence

000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 1001,110,111,000

11) Design a binary counter using T flip – flops to count in the following sequences:

000,001,010,011,100,101,110,111,000 - 000,100,111,010,011,000

12) Design a 3 bit binary Up-Down counter

13) Draw and explain the operation of four bit Johnson counter.

UNIT-IV

MEMORY DEVICES

1) Explain ROM

2) What are the types of ROM?.

3) Explain EPROM.

4) Explain EEPROM.

5) What is RAM?



8) What is mask - programmable?

9) What is field programmable logic array?

10) List the major differences between PLA and PAL

11) Define PLD.

12) Give the classification of PLDs.

13) Define PROM.

14) Define PLA

15) Define PAL

16) Why was PAL developed?

17) Define GAL.

18) Why the input variables to a PAL are buffered?

19) What does PAL 10L8 specify?

20) What is CPLD?

21) Define bit, byte and word.

22) Define address of a memory.

23) Define Capacity of a memory.

24) What is Read and Write operation?

25) Why RAMs are called as Volatile?

26) Define ROM.

27) Define RAM.

28) List the two categories of RAMs.

29) Define Static RAM and dynamic RAM.

30) List the two types of SRAM.

31) List the basic types of DRAMs

32) Define a bus.

33) Define Cache memory

34) What is the technique adopted by DRAMs.

35) Give the feature of UV EPROM

36) Give the feature of flash memory.

37) What are Flash memories?

38) List the three major operations in a flash memory.

39) What is a FIFO memory?

40) List basic types of programmable logic devices.

41) Define ROM.


43) What are the types of ROM?


45) What is mask - programmable?

46) Give the comparison between PROM and PLA.

PART – B

1) Explain in detail about PLA with a specific example.

2) Implement the following using a mux. F(a,b,c,d) = (0,1,3,4,8,9,15) Obtain the truth table

3) Explain with neat diagrams a RAM architecture.

4) Explain in detail about PLA and PAL.

5) Explain with neat diagrams a ROM architecture.

6) Draw a RAM cell and explain its working.

7) Write short notes on (i) RAM (ii) Types of ROM‟s.

8) List the PLA program table for BCD to Excess -3-code convertor circuits and show its

implementation for any two output functions.

9) Generate the following Boolean functions with PAL with 4inputs and 4outputs

10) Y3=A‟BC‟D+A‟BCD‟+A‟BCD+ABC‟D Y2=A‟BCD‟+A‟BCD+ABCD

Y1=A‟BC‟+A‟BC+AB‟C+ABC‟ Y0=ABCD.

11) Implement the following functions using PLA.

12) F1=∑m(1,2,4,6); F2=∑m(0,1,6,7) F3=∑m(2,6)

13) Implement the given functions using PROM and PAL

14) F1=∑m(0,1,3,5,7,9); F2=∑m(1,2,4,7,8,10,11)

15) Implement the given functions using PAL, PLA

16) F1=∑m(0,1,2,4,6,7); F2=∑m(1,3,5,7); F3=∑m(0,2,3,6)

17) Draw the block diagram of a PLA device and briefly explain each block.

18) Design a 16 bit ROM array and explain the operation

19) Write short note on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).

UNIT-V

SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS

1) What are secondary variables?

2) What are excitation variables?

3) What is fundamental mode sequential circuit?

4) What are pulse mode circuits?

5) What is the significance of state assignment?

6) When do race conditions occur?

7) What is critical race?

8) When does a cycle occur?

9) What are the different techniques used in state assignment?

10) What are the steps for the design of asynchronous sequential circuit?

11) What is hazard?

12) What is static 1 hazard?

13) What is static 0 hazard?

14) What is dynamic hazard?

15) What is the cause for essential hazards?

16) What is flow table?

17) What is SM chart?

18) What are the advantages of SM chart?

19) What is primitive flow chart?

20) What is combinational circuit?

21) What is state equivalence theorem?

22) Define merger graph.

23) Define incompatibility.

24) Define closed covering.

25) Define state table.

26) What are the steps for the design of asynchronous sequential circuit?

27) Define primitive flow table :

28) List the different techniques used for state assignment.

29) Write a short note on fundamental mode asynchronous circuit.

30) Write a short note on pulse mode circuit.

PART – B

1) Explain with neat diagram the different hazards and the way to eliminate them.

2) State with a neat example the method for the minimization of primitive flow table.

3) Design a asynchronous sequential circuit with 2 inputs T and C. The output attains a value

of 1 when T = 1 & c moves from 1 to 0. Otherwise the output is 0.

4) Explain in detail about Races.

5) Explain the different methods of state assignment

6) What is the objective of state assignment in asynchronous circuit? Give hazard – free

realization for the following Boolean function f(A,B,C,D) = ∑m(0,2,6,7,8,10,12)

7) Summarize the design procedure for asynchronous sequential circuit Discuss on Hazards and

races

8) Develop the state diagram and primitive flow table for a logic system that has 2 inputs, x and

y and an output z. And reduce primitive flow table. The behavior of the circuit is stated as

follows. Initially x=y=0. Whenever x=1 and y = 0 then z=1, whenever x = 0 and y = 1 then z

= 0.When x=y=0 or x=y=1 no change in z ot remains in the previous state. The logic system

has edge triggered inputs without having a clock .the logic system changes State on the rising

edges of the 2 inputs. Static input values are not to have any effect in changing the Z output

9) Design an asynchronous sequential circuit with two inputs X and Y and with one output Z.

Whenever Y is 1, input X is transferred to Z.When Y is 0, the output does not change for any

change in X.

10) Obtain the primitive flow table for an asynchronous circuit that has two inputs x,y and one

output Z. An output z =1 is to occur only during the input state xy = 01 and then if the only if

the input state xy =01 is preceded by the input sequence.

11) A pulse mode asynchronous machine has two inputs. It produces an output whenever two

consecutive pulses occur on one input line only .The output remains at „1‟ until a pulse has

occurred on the other input line. Draw the state table for the machine.

12) Construct the state diagram and primitive flow table for an asynchronous network that has two

inputs and one output. The input sequence X1X2 = 00,01,11 causes the output to become

1.The next input change then causes the output to return to 0.No other inputs will produce a 1

output.

13) Discuss on the different types of Hazards that occurs in asynchronous sequential circuits.

14) Write short note on races and cycles that occur in fundamental mode circuits.

15) Define the following terms:

a. Critical race

b.non Critical race

c. hazard

d. flow table.

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

UNIT-I

CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

PART-A

1. Define Signal.

2. Define System.

3. Define CT signals.

4. Define DT signal.

5. Give few examples of DT signals.

6. Define unit step, ramp and delta functions for CT.

7. Give few examples for CT signals.

8. State the classification of CT signals.

9. Define deterministic and random signals.

10. Define power and energy signals.

11. Compare power and energy signals.

12. What is superposition property?

13. Define a causal system?

14. Define periodic and aperiodic signals.

15. Define linear and non-linear systems.

16. Define Causal and non-Causal systems.

17. State the classification or characteristics of CT and DT systems.

18. Define odd and even signal.

19. Define time invariant and time varying systems..

20. Define invertible system?

21. Define stable and unstable systems.

22. Define Static and Dynamic system.

24. Define and draw the impulse signal.

25. Define Ramp signal.

26. Define step signal.

27. Define signum signal.

28. Define amplitude scaling.

29. Define Time scaling.

30. Define signal addition with an example.

PART-B

1. Discuss the classification of DT and CT signals with examples.

2. Discuss the classification of DT and CT systems with examples.

3. Problems on the properties & classifications of signals & systems

4. Check whether the following system is

1. Static or dynamic

2. Linear or non-linear

3. Causal or non-causal

4. Time invariant or variant

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

g)

h) y(n)=sgn[x(n]

5. For the following signals, (i) determine analytically which are periodic (if periodic,

find the period)

a)

6. Determine if the following signals are periodic; if periodic, give the period.

7. Verify the following signals are periodic or not. If periodic find the fundamental period.

a)

b)

c)

UNIT II

ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS

PART-A

1. Define CT signal

2. Compare double sided and single sided spectrums.

3. Define Quadrature Fourier Series.

4. Define polar Fourier Series.

5. Define exponential Fourier series.

6. State Parsevals power theorem. .

7. Define Fourier Transform.

8. State the conditions for the existence of Fourier series.

9. Find the Fourier transform of function x(t)= d(t)

10. State Rayleigh‟s energy theorem. .

11. Define Laplace transform. 12. Obtain the Laplace transform of ramp function.

13. What are the methods for evaluating inverse Laplace transform?

14. State initial value theorem.

15. State final value theorem.

16. State the convolution property of Fourier transform.

17. What is the relationship between Fourier transform and Laplace transform.

18. Find the Fourier transform of sgn function.

19. Find out the laplace transform of f(t)=e at ….

20. What are the types of Fourier series?

21. Write down the exponential form of the fourier series representation of aperiodic signal?

22. What is the use of Laplace transform?

23. What are the types of Laplace transform?

24. Define Bilateral and unilateral Laplace transform?

25. Define inverse Laplace transform?

27. Define linear property of Fourier transform.

28. Define time scaling property of Fourier transform.

29. Find the constant component of the signal shown in fig,

30. Determine the Fourier representation of the following signals.

PART-B

1. State and prove properties of fourier transform.

2. State the properties of Fourier Series.

3. State the properties of Laplace transform.

4. Find the Fourier series of the waveform shown in fig.



7. State and prove parsevals power theorem and Rayleigh‟s energy theorem.

8. Determine the Laplace transform of the periodic signal shown in fig.

9. Determine the initial value and final value for the following signals using initial and final

value theorems.

i.

ii.

iii.

10. Determine the Laplace transform of the signal shown in fig.

11. Determine the Laplace transform of the signal shown in fig.

12. Find the Fourier transform of the time domain signals given below.

i. X(t) = t sin Ωot ; t=0 to ∞

ii. X(t) = t cos Ωot ; t=0 to ∞

13. Determine the Fourier transform of the rectangular pulse shown in fig.

14. Determine the Fourier transform of the triangular pulse shown in fig.

15. Determine the Fourier transform of the signal shown in fig.

UNIT- III

LINEAR TIME INVARIANT – CONTINUOUS TIME SYSTEMS

PART-A

1. Define LTI-CT systems.

2. What are the tools used for analysis of LTI-CT systems?

3. Define convolution integral.

4. List the properties of convolution integral.

5. State commutative property of convolution.

6. State the associative property of convolution.

7. State distributive property of convolution.

8. When the LTI-CT system is said to be dynamic?

9. When the LTI-CT system is said to be causal?

10. When the LTI-CT system is said to be stable?

11. Define natural response.

12. Define forced response.

13. Define complete response.

14. Draw the direct form I implementation of CT systems.

15. Draw the direct form II implementation of CT systems.

15. Mention the advantages of direct form II structure over direct form I structure.

16. Define Eigen function and Eigen value.

17. Define Causality and stability using poles.

18. Find the impulse response of the system y(t)=x(t-t 0 ) using Laplace transform .

19. The impulse response of the LTI CT system is given as h(t)=e -t u(t ). Determine transfer

function and check whether the system is causal and stable.

20. State the significance of block diagram representation.

PART – B

1. State and prove the properties of convolution sum?

2. Determine the convolution of x(n) = 1,1,2 h(n)=u(n) graphically.

3. Determine the forced response for the following system

y(n)-1 y(n-1) -1 y(n-2) = x(n)+ x(n-1) for x(n) =(1/8)n u(n),

Assume zero initial conditions.

4. Compute the response of the system

y(n) = 0.7 u(n-1) – 0.12 y(n-2) + x(n-2)

to the input x(n) = n u(n). Is the system is stable?

5. Realize the system in Direct form –I, II, cascade structure.

6. Realize the system in Direct form –I, II

7. Obtain the direct form I, II, cascade and Parallel form of the continuous

time LTI systems.

8. Find the impulse response of the system.

9. Determine the natural response of the following systems.

10. Determine the forced response of the following systems.

11. Determine the total response of the following systems by using Laplace transform also.

12. Perform the convolution of the given signals.

UNIT-IV

ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS

PART-A

1. Define DTFT?

2. State the condition for existence of DTFT?

3. List the properties of DTFT.

4. What is the DTFT of unit sample?

5. Define DFT.

6. Define Zero padding.

7. State parseval‟s theorem.

8. Define Z transform.

9. Define ROC.

10. Find Z transform of x(n)=1,2,3,4

11. State the convolution property of Z transforms.

12. What z transform of (n-m)?

13. State initial value theorem.

14. List the methods of obtaining inverse Z transform.

15. Obtain the inverse z transform of X(z)=1/z-a,|z|>|a|

16. What are the Properties of ROC.

17. State the methods to find inverse Z transform.

18. What is meant by sampling?

19. State Sampling theorem?

20. What is meant by aliasing?

21. What are the effects aliasing?

22. How the aliasing process is eliminated,

23. Define Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval. .

24. Define sampling of band pass signals.

PART - B

1. Derive the convolution integral and also state and prove the properties of the same.

2. Explain the properties of LTI CT system interms of impulse response.

3. Problems on properties of LTI CT systems.

4. Problems on differential equations.

5. Realization of LTI CT system using direct form I and II structures.

6. Finding frequency response using Fourier methods.

7. Solving differential equations using Fourier methods.

8. Find Laplace and ROC of the signals.


10. Determine the Fourier transform of the following signals shown in fig.

11. Determine the Fourier transform of the x(n) where x(n) is given by,

12. Determine the Fourier transform of the x(n) where x9n) is given by,

13. Find H(e

jω) if

14. Determine the inverse Z transform of the following Z domain.

15. Determine the inverse Z transform of the following Z domain by partial fraction method.

UNIT-V

LINEAR TIME INVARIANT DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS

PART-A

1. Define convolution sum?

2. List the steps involved in finding convolution sum?

3. List the properties of convolution?

4. Define LTI causal system?

5. Define LTI stable system?

6. Define FIR system?

7. Define IIR system?

8. Define non recursive and recursive systems?

9. State the relation between Fourier transform and z transform?

10. Define system function?

11. What is the advantage of direct form 2 over direct form 1 structure?

12. How unit sample response of discrete time system is defined?

13. A causal DT system is BIBO stable only if its transfer function has _________.

14. If u(n) is the impulse response response of the system, What is its step response?

15. Convolve the two sequences x(n)=1,2,3 and h(n)=5,4,6,2

16. State the maximum memory requirement of N point DFT including twiddle factors?

17. Determine the range of values of the parameter „a‟ for which the linear time invariant system

with impulse response h(n)=a n u(n) is stable?

18. What is the block diagram representation of recursive system?

19. What is the block diagram representation of non recursive system?

20. What is the difference between recursive and non recursive system Non recursive system?

21. Define realization structure.

22. What are the different types of structure realization?

PART-B

1. State and prove properties of DTFT

2. State and prove the properties of DFT.

3. State and prove the properties of z transform.

4. Find the DFT of x(n)=1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0

5. Find the circular convolution of x 1 (n)=1,2,0,1 X 2 (n)=2,2,1,1

6. Problems on z transform and inverse z transform.

7. Construct the block diagram of the following difference equation.

8. Draw the direct form I and II, cascade and parallel form of the difference

equations.

9. Draw the direct form I and II form of the difference equations

10. Determine the impulse response h(n) for the system described by the

second order difference Equation.

11. Find the transfer function and unit sample response of the second order

function.


EC6304 – Electronic Circuits – I

UNIT – I Power Supplies & Biasing of Discrete BJT & MOSFET

Part - A

1. What is meant by rectifier?

2. Define TUF and ripple factor in HWR?

3. What is a bleedor resistor?

4. Define voltage regulation ?

5. What is the need for filter in power supply circuits?

6. List the different types of filter?

7. Define the term biasing.

8. What is meant by operating point?

9. What is DC load line?

10. Why do we choose Q point at the centre of the load line?

11. Name the two techniques used in stability of the Q point?

12. Define the three stability factors?

13. List out the different types of biasing?

14. What is meant by compensation technique?

15. What do you meant by thermal runaway?

16. Define current amplification factor?

17. What arethe advantages of fixed bias circuit?

18. What is the necessity of the coupling capacitor?

19. Why thermal runaway is not there in FET?

20. List the different types of FET biasing circuits?

PART – B

1. Explain the working of Full wave rectifier with CLC filter and derive for its ripple factor?

2. A full wave rectifier circuit is fed from a transformer having a centre tapped secondary

winding. The RMS voltage from either end of secondary to centre tap is 30 V. If the diode

forward resistance is 2 ohms and that of the half secondary is 8 ohms, for a load of 1Kohms.

Calculate power delivered to load, percentage regulation at full load, efficiency of

rectification, TUF of secondary.

3. Explain fixed bias of a transistor and derive an expression for its stability factors?

4. With a neat circuit diagram explain the voltage divider biasing and derive an expression for

stability factors?

5. Explain collector feed back bais with necessary diagrams and derive tis stability factors?

6. Describe emitter stabilized biasing with necessary circuit details? For the emitter bias network

shown below, determine IB, IC, VCE, VC, VB, VE and VBC?

7. Design a voltage divider bias circuit for the specified conditions. Vcc =

12V, VCE = 6V, IC = 1mA, S = 20, β = 100 and VE = 1V.

8. Discuss the various types of bias compensation techniques?

9. Explain about common source self bias and voltage divider bias for FET?

10. Explain in detail about various methods of biasing MOSFET?

UNIT – II BJT Amplifiers

Part – A

1. How can a DC equivalent circuit of an amplifier be obtained?

2. How can a AC equivalent circuit of an amplifier be obtained?

3. Defien voltage gain and current gain of emitter follower?

4. What is meant by power gain?

5. Define Common Mode rejection Ratio

6. State Millers Theorem?

7. What is the typical value of CMRR? How the constant current circuit is used to improve

the CMRR?

8. Find the value of αdc when Ic = 8.2 mA and Ie = 8.7 mA?

9. Draw the Darlington emitter follower circuit?

10. Mention two advantages which are specific to darlington connection?

11. What is meant by bootstrapping?

12. What is the need for cascading amplifiers?

13. List the features of cascode amplifier?

14. What is the difference between cascade and cascade amplifier?

15. What is the coupling schemes used in multistage amplifiers?

16. What is the role of coupling network in multistage amplifier?

17. What is meant by power amplifier?

18. Give the classification of power amplifier?

19. Compare the efficiency of Class A, B and C amplifiers

20. What is cross over distortion and how to reduce it?

PART – B

1. Derive the gain, input and output resistance of common emitter amplifier with a neat

circuit diagram and equivalent circuit?

2. Derive the gain, input and output resistance of emitter follower amplifier with a neat


3. Derive the gain, input and output resistance of common baseamplifier with a neat circuit

diagram and equivalent circuit?

4. Derive CMRR of differential amplifier with its equivalent circuit?

5. Explain the techniques used to improve input impedance of BJT?

6. Derive the voltage gain of two stage cascaded amplifier with a neat circuit diagram and

equivalent circuit?

7. Derive the voltage gain of two stage cascoded amplifier with a neat circuit diagram and

equivalent circuit?

8. Draw the circuit diagram of transformer coupled Class A amplifier and with the help of

suitable wavefroms, explain its operation?

9. Draw the circuit diagram of Class B push pull amplifier and with the help of suitable

wavefroms, explain its operation?

10. (a) Describe Class C amplifier

(b) What is cross over distorsion? How to eliminate it?

UNIT – III JFET AND MOSFET AMPLIFIERS

Part – A

1. What is meant by small signal?

2. What is the physical meaning of small signal parameter r0?

3. Write the equation for small signal condition that must be satisfied for linear amplifiers.

4. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit common source NMOS.

5. What is another name for common drain amplifier?

6. Draw the source follower amplifier circuit.

7. List the applications of MOSFET amplifiers.

8. Compare the characteristics of three MOSFET amplifier configurations.

9. Draw the small signal equivalent JFET common source circuit.

10. How does a transistor width-to-length ratio affect the small signal voltage gain of a

common source amplifier?

11. How a MOSFET can be used to amplify a time varying voltage?

12. How does body effect change the small signal equivalent of the MOSFET?

13. Why in general the magnitude of the voltage gain of a common source amplifier

relatively small?

14. What is voltage swing limitation?

15. What is the general condition under which a common gate amplifier would be used?

16. State the general advantage of using transistors in place of resistors in integrated circuits.

17. Give one reason why a JFET might be used as an input device in a circuit as proposed to

a MOSFET.

18. What are features of BiCMOS cascode amplifiers?

19. What are the applications of BiCMOS?

20. Discuss one advantage of BiCMOS circuit.

PART – B

1. Derive the gain, input and output impedance of common source JFET amplifier with a

neat circuit diagram and equivalent circuit?

2. Derive the gain, input and output impedance of common drain JFET amplifier with a neat


3. Derive the gain, input and output impedance of common gate JFET amplifier with a neat


4. Derive the gain, input and output impedance of common source MOSFET amplifier with

a neat circuit diagram and equivalent circuit?

5. Derive the gain, input and output impedance of common drain MOSFET amplifier with a


6. Derive the gain, input and output impedance of common gate MOSFET amplifier with a


7. Explain with necessary diagram BiCMOS cascade amplifier, BiCMOS differential

amplifier and BiCMOS inverter?

8. For the circuit shown below, VGSQ = -2V with IDSS = 8mA and VP = -8V.

9. Calculate gm, rd, Zi, Zo and Av. Assume the value of YOS = 20µS.

10. For common drain amplifier as shown in figure below, gm = 2.5mS, rd =

25Kohms. Calculate Zi, Zo and Av.

11. For the circuit shown below, the MOSFET parameters are VT = 1.5V, Kn = 0.8mA/V2

and λ = 0.01V-1. Determine the small signal voltage gain, Ri and Ro

UNIT – IV Frequency Analysis of BJT and MOSFET Amplifiers

Part – A

1. Draw the frequency response curve of an amplifier.

2. What is the bandwidth of an amplifier?

3. Define rise time.

4. What kind of techniques required increasing the input impedance?

5. Give relation between rise time and bandwidth.

6. Give the main reason for the drop in gain at the low frequency region & high frequency

region.

7. If the rise time of BJT is 35nS, what is the bandwidth that can be obtained using this BJT?

8. For an amplifier, mid band gain is 100 & lower cutoff frequency is 20KHz. Find the gain of

an amplifier at frequency 20Hz.

9. For an amplifier, 3dB gain is 200 & higher cutoff frequency is 20KHz. Find the gain of an

amplifier at frequency 100KHz.

10. Why common base amplifier is preferred for high frequency signal when compared to CE

amplifier?

11. Draw the hybrid π equivalent circuit of BJTs.

12. What is the difference between small signal equivalent & hybrid π equivalent circuit.

13. What is high frequency effect?

14. What are the causes for occurrence of upper cutoff frequency in BJT?

15. What is Miller‟s effect? What is gain bandwidth product?

16. Give equation of overall lower and upper cutoff frequency of multistage amplifier.

17. What is significance of octaves and decades in frequency response?

18. What are the causes for occurrence of upper cutoff frequency in BJT?

19. What is the major contribution to the Miller capacitance in a MOSFET?

20. Define cut off frequency for a MOSFET.

PART – B

1. Discuss the Low frequency analysis of BJT?

2. With neat sketch explain hybrid π CE transistor model?

3. Derive short circuit current gain of a CE amplifier using Hybrid π model?

4. Derive fα, fβ and fT?

5. Derive Current gain in a CE amplifier with resistive load usinh Hybrid π model?

6. Derive gain bandwidth product for voltage and current of a single stage amplifier?

7. Discuss about High frequency MOSFET model?

8. Explain high frequency operation of common source amplifier with its equivalent circuit?

9. Derive the overall upper and lower cutoff frequencies of multistage amplifier?

10. Determine the bandwidth of the amplifier shown below.

Rb = 100 ohms, r π = 1.1k, C π = 3pF, Cµ = 100pF, hfe = 225.

UNIT – V IC MOSFET AMPLILIERS

Part A

1. Define common mode rejection ratio? What is the ideal value?

2. Sketch the DC transfer characteristics of a MOSFET differential amplifier.

3. What is active load?

4. What are the advantages of an active load?

5. What is the current steering?

6. What is current mirror?

7. Name the three types of load devices used in MOSFET amplifiers?

8. How should a MOSFET be biased so as to operate as a stable current source?

9. Draw the circuit of MOSFET differential amplifier with active load.

10. What is the need for MOSFET differential amplifier with cascode active load?

11. What is meant by matched transistors?

12. Draw the CMOS differential amplifier.

13. Define enhancement and depletion mode of MOSFET.

14. Define saturation and non- saturation bias regions.

15. How do you prove that a MOSFET is biased in the saturation region?

16. Draw MOSFET cascode current source circuit.

17. What is another name of two transistor current source?

18. Draw the two transistor MOSFET current source.

19. What is Wilson current source?

20. What is cascode current mirror?

Part – B

1. Explain the basic MOSFET current source with suitable diagrams?

2. Explain Cascode current mirror and Wilson current mirror?

3. What is Current steering? Explain the operation with a circuit diagram?

4. With neat diagram explain NMOS amplifier with enhancement load?

5. With neat diagram explain NMOS amplifier with depletion load?

6. Describe in detail about CMOS common source amplifier with a neat diagram?

7. Explain in detail about CMOS source follower?

8. With a neat diagram describe CMOS differential amplifier and derive its CMRR?

9. Design a MOSFET current source amplifier for the following specifications: VDD =

+5V, Kn‟ = 40 µA/V2, VT = 1V, λ = 0, IREF = 0.2mA, I0 = 0.1mA

and VDS2(sat) = 0.8V.

10. For NMOs amplifier with depletion load, VTN1 = 0.8V, VTN2 = - 1.0V, Kn1 =

2mA/V2, Kn2 = 0.2mA/V

2, IDQ = 0.2mA, λ1 = λ2 = 0.01V

-1. Calculate the small signal

voltage gain.

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