QUESTIONS 1 to 51. Archaeologists are social scientists who keep field notes from excavation

sites (digging areas in search of artifacts), analyze radiocarbon dating test results, and examine and catalog artifacts

2. Terracing = method of growing crops on the sides of hills or mountains by planting on graduated terraces built into the slope (Inca terraced on the Andes Mountains)

3. Traditional Economy = bartering for goods and services; if a society produced a surplus of food, they would barter (trade) it for something they needed from another society

4. Code of Hammurabi = oldest written legal system (1705 B.C.); goal was to ensure order, protect weak, serve justice; “eye for an eye”, “tooth for a tooth”

5. Himalaya Mountains isolated China because they are the tallest mountain range in the word; natural barrier that isolated China from the rest of Asia

QUESTIONS 6 to 96. Qin Dynasty (221 B.C.) – the king of the Qin dynasty united all warring

factions into China’s first centralized empire; the rule of Shi Huangdi (this king became first emperor), legalism (efficient government and harsh punishments to preserve order), and the tomb of the terra cotta soldiers (warriors who rebelled against Shi’s harsh rule, and they were buried around his tomb) are all associated with this dynasty

7. Mesopotamian Civilization = site of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the Zagros Mountains, and the Syrian Desert; civilization began here this region; also known as the Fertile Crescent; present-day Iraq

8. Buddhism = Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, nirvana; began in India around 600 B.C. and was created by Prince Siddhartha Guatama; all life is suffering, and suffering can be removed by eliminating desire and giving up material pleasures

9. Monsoons affected the Gupta Empire in India because they are seasonal winds that affect the Indian subcontinent by washing away plants and seeds and cause flooding

QUESTIONS 10 to 1510. Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) introduced the Eastern Orthodox

Church to Russia which became the Russian Orthodox Church (Christian)11. The salt mined in the Sahara Desert was traded for gold located in the West

African kingdoms of Ghana and Mali 12. Speaker A – Muslims wanted to protect the Holy Land (Palestine) from Christian

Crusaders who believed it was theirs to claim because Jesus Christ lived and died there); Islam’s god is known as Allah

13. Speaker D – investments, profit, trade = wealth = economic motive to establish trade routes discovered during the Crusades

14. The bubonic plague, or Black Death (1347-1352), caused production to decline and prices to rise because one-third of Europe’s population died which led to a scarcity of workers; workers could now demand payment for their skills and services

15. Renaissance began in Italy because the Italian peninsula is located in the Mediterranean Sea = warm-water ports led to Italian city-states profiting from warm-water trade

QUESTIONS 16 to 2216. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince in which he advises rulers to do anything

possible to establish and maintain their power; “the ends justify the means”17. Chinese silk was in high demand in Europe and that is why the Ming dynasty

(1368-1644) had a favorable balance of trade; Italian and French traders desired silk

18. The Inca adapted to their environment by establishing a network of roads through the Andes Mountains of Peru

19. The author explains how he developed a historical account from primary sources because he tried to “obtain the most truthful accounts from various sources and facts which several people agreed upon as being true”

20. Accounts used in making statements of facts must be verified (truthful) 21. African Diaspora = forced migration (movement) of African people from their

homeland for the purposes of slavery – led to the Middle Passage 22. Akbar the Great (India), Suleiman the Magnificent (Ottoman Empire), Louis XIV

(France) = absolute rulers; absolutism – all sought to centralize their power by controlling all aspects of society

QUESTIONS 23 to 2723. The Magna Carta (1215) and the English Bill of Rights (1689) all limited the

power of the monarch; monarchs had to answer to the people of Parliament before performing actions such as raising taxes

24. The Reign of Terror (1793-1794) occurred during the French Revolution; Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety arrested and executed and domestic enemies they believed went against the Revolution and wanted to protect France from foreign enemies as well

25. Answer is 2; C->B->A->D; 13 colonies declare independence (1776), Declaration of Rights in France (1789), Haitian Independence (1791), Bolivar frees Colombia from Spanish rule (1819)

26. Great Britain had an irregular coastline, abundant (many) mineral resources, a large labor force, and investment capital (money to start businesses) = allowed them to industrialize during the 1700 and 1800s

27. Laissez-faire economics = prices are best determined by supply and demand; there should be little or no government interference when determining prices on the free market

QUESTIONS 28 to 3428. Both tried to remove foreign influence, but failed; Sepoy Rebellion – Indian soldiers

tried to overthrow British control; Boxer Rebellion – Chinese “Boxers” attempted to crush foreign spheres of influence, but they failed as well

29. Meiji Restoration = Japanese leaders sought to Westernize, or modernize, their society whereas they could defend themselves against Western powers and expand their influence in Asia and eventually create an empire

30. Amritsar Massacre (1919) and the Salt March (1930) are associated with India’s independence movement from Great Britain

31. The unequal distribution of wealth between social classes led to the rise of communist revolutions in Russia and China

32. Nationalism – both posters are trying to invoke patriotism and pride in England to get men to fight during WWI

33. Appeasement = policy of giving into a dictator’s demands; Neville Chamberlain, the Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1938, did not stop Germany from annexing the Sudetenland

34. Stalin’s five-year plans was an attempt to increase agricultural and industrial production in the Soviet Union

QUESTIONS 35 to 3835. Soviet satellites were countries the USSR controlled after WWII (Eastern

European countries such as Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, East Germany)36. The image shows how South Korea is richer than North Korea because they have

a capitalist and democratic society, whereas North Korea is struggling to survive due to strict communist economic and social policies

37. Large numbers of people migrated = The British split up the Indian subcontinent into Pakistan and India and Muslims settled in Pakistan and Hindus settled in India in an effort to escape violence between their peoples; Jews were scattered across the world after the Romans destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple in 70 AD (Diaspora), so after the Holocaust during WWII, Great Britain and the UN decided to make Israel a permanent homeland for Jews; many East Germans wanted to reunite with friends and family in West Germany and escape communist oppression, so they tried to escape by sneaking around the Berlin Wall

38. Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu protested against apartheid (racial segregation) in South Africa

QUESTIONS 39 to 4239. Overgrazing of livestock has led to desertification because the grazing herds

destroy the roots of the grasses so the thin layers of topsoil turn into desert; so, the area under the Sahara Desert is changing into desert, therefore there is less arable (farmable) land

40. Pol Pot and Milosevic used terror to achieve political goals; Pol Pot killed people through starvation, forced labor, and execution in an attempt to create a purely agaraian and communist society in Cambodia; Milosevic was a Serbian who wanted to ethnically cleanse and destroy all non-Serbs in Yugoslavia, especially Muslims

41. It is questionable whether Iran needs uranium to produce energy because they have large amounts of oil reserves and world powers are suspicious because Iran has proclaimed that they want to develop nuclear weapons to attack Israel

42. The Bantu people migrated out of West Africa in 1000 BC because their population increased and they ran out of fertile land to meet the needs of the people

QUESTIONS 43 to 46 43. Golden Age of Islam = concept of zero, development of a handbook on

medicine, and the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (mathematician and astronomer who developed an accurate calendar and collected four-line poems in which in meditated on fate and the meaning of life)

44. Land = the most significant economic commodity under the European feudal system; manorialism = self-sufficient community in which serfs were bound to the land and were required to work on the lord’s manor that consisted of farmland and a village

45. The Enlightenment = Enlightenment thinkers believed people could use reason to understand the universe; they believed in natural rights, such as life, liberty, and property; they rejected traditional ideas based on authority; they believed a government should be based on the consent of the governed

46. John Locke (Speaker B) – believed government’s purpose was to protect and preserve life, liberty, and property

QUESTIONS 47 to 50 47. Intolerance and prejudice – Reconquista (Spanish Catholics wanted to expel all

Arabs and Jews from Spain); pogroms (organized campaigns of violence against Jewish communities in Russia in the late 19th Century under Alexander III); Holocaust (systematic execution of over two-thirds of the Jewish population at the hands of the Nazis during WWII)

48. Cold War Confrontations – Cold War lasted from 1945-1991 and was a struggle and tension between the US and the USSR/democracy and capitalism vs. communism; Berlin Blockade (1948); Cuban Missile Crisis (1962); Vietnam War (1965-1975)

49. The 1884 Berlin Conference resulted in Africa being divided without regard to ethnic groups because European powers wanted to take advantage of the continent’s natural resources; divisions lasted even after WWII

50. Consequences of WWI = Austro-Hungarian Empire broke apart (disintegrated), new nation-states were created in central Europe, and Germany lost their colonies