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1 Reproductive Health and Millennium Development Goals 国連 国連 国連 国連のミレニアム ミレニアム ミレニアム ミレニアム開発目標 開発目標 開発目標 開発目標と女性 女性 女性 女性の健康 健康 健康 健康 United Nations University 5 August 2007 UNFPA Tokyo Office Director Kiyoko IKEGAMI Questions related to this lecture What is “Reproductive Health/Rigths” ? / What is needed in order to achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)? World Population agenda 1) 1960’s Spaceship Earth( ) 2) 1970’s Neo Colonialism( ) 3) 1980’s Women’s perspectives( ) (Plan of Action) 4) 1990’s Gender( ) (Programme of Action) (Macro level and Micro level) UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund) Basic Goals Founded in 1969) To Balance population and development: Research/Basic Knowledge (eg: Census) Expand and Provide Reproductive Health Services to Women To meet the Unmet Needs) Policy Recommendation Emergency Assistance - “Joint Appeal” (Coordination among all agencies of the UN) eg: Afghanistan - “Flash Appeal” eg: Tsunami response UN Main Bodies UN Main Bodies UN Agencies related to ECOSOC Funds and Programmes United Nations Conference in Trade and Development (UNCTAD) United Nations Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) World Food Programme (WFP) United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine (UNRWA) Other UN entities Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) United Nations Office for Project Service (UNOPS) United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) United Nations University (UNU) Research and training Institutes International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW) United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) United Nations International Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI)

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Page 1: Questions related to this lecture Reproductive Health and ...archive.unu.edu/gs/files/2007/sy/SY07_Ikegami_ppt.pdfReproductive Health/Rights (RH/R) ! ! Reproductive health is a state

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Reproductive Health and

Millennium Development Goals

国連国連国連国連ののののミレニアムミレニアムミレニアムミレニアム開発目標開発目標開発目標開発目標とととと女性女性女性女性のののの健康健康健康健康

United Nations University

5 August 2007

UNFPA Tokyo Office

Director Kiyoko IKEGAMI国連人口基金国連人口基金国連人口基金国連人口基金 東京事務所長東京事務所長東京事務所長東京事務所長 池上清子池上清子池上清子池上清子Questions related to this lecture

• What is “Reproductive Health/Rigths” ?リプロダクティブ・ヘルス/ライツとは何か。• What is needed in order to achieve Millennium

Development Goals (MDGs)?ミレニアム開発目標を達成するために必要なことは何か?World Population agenda 人口問題人口問題人口問題人口問題のののの課題課題課題課題のののの変遷変遷変遷変遷

1) 1960’s Spaceship Earth(宇宙船地球号)

2) 1970’s Neo Colonialism(新植民地主義)

3) 1980’s Women’s perspectives(女性の視点)

(Plan of Action)

4) 1990’s Gender(ジェンダー)

(Programme of Action)

(Macro level and Micro level)

UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund)国連人口基金国連人口基金国連人口基金国連人口基金Basic Goals ((((Founded in 1969)

To Balance population and development:人口と開発のバランス�Research/Basic Knowledge (eg: Census)

�Expand and Provide Reproductive Health Services

to Women (To meet the Unmet Needs)

�Policy Recommendation

�Emergency Assistance- “Joint Appeal” (Coordination among all agencies of the UN) eg: Afghanistan

- “Flash Appeal” eg: Tsunami response

UN Main BodiesUN Main Bodies国連の主要機関経済社会理事会Economic Economic Economic Economic and Social Counciland Social Counciland Social Counciland Social Council(ECOSOC)(ECOSOC)(ECOSOC)(ECOSOC) 安全保障理事会Security CouncilSecurity CouncilSecurity CouncilSecurity Council事務局SecretariatSecretariatSecretariatSecretariat総会General AssemblyGeneral AssemblyGeneral AssemblyGeneral Assembly

国際司法裁判所International International International International Court of JusticeCourt of JusticeCourt of JusticeCourt of Justice人権理事会Human Rights CouncilHuman Rights CouncilHuman Rights CouncilHuman Rights CouncilUN Agencies related to ECOSOC経済社会理事会経済社会理事会経済社会理事会経済社会理事会のののの関連機関関連機関関連機関関連機関

Funds and Programmes・United Nations Conference in Trade and

Development (UNCTAD)・ United Nations Drug Control

Programme (UNDCP)・ United Nations Environment

Programme (UNEP)・ United Nations Development

Programme (UNDP)・ United Nations Population Fund

(UNFPA)・ Office of the United Nations High

Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)・ United Nations Children’s Fund

(UNICEF)・ World Food Programme (WFP)・ United Nations Relief and Works

Agency for Palestine (UNRWA)

Other UN entities・Office of the United Nations High

Commissioner for Human Rights

(OHCHR)・United Nations Office for Project

Service (UNOPS)・United Nations Human Settlements

Programme (UN-HABITAT)・ United Nations University (UNU)

Research and training Institutes・International Research and Training

Institute for the Advancement of Women

(INSTRAW)・United Nations Institute for

Training and Research (UNITAR)・United Nations Institute for Disarmament

Research (UNIDIR)・United Nations International Crime and

Justice Research Institute (UNICRI)

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UN System-wide Coherence国連国連国連国連システムシステムシステムシステムのののの一貫性一貫性一貫性一貫性UN Reform

UNDG (United Nations Development Group)

Cluster Approach

UNFPA offices worldwide世界世界世界世界のののの国連人口基金事務所国連人口基金事務所国連人口基金事務所国連人口基金事務所● 1 Headquarter● 5 Liaison Offices ● 9 CST(Country Services Technical Teams)● 112 country offices

The Basis of UNFPA’s Activities国連人口基金国連人口基金国連人口基金国連人口基金のののの活動活動活動活動のののの基本基本基本基本●●●● International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo (1994)

‘Programme of Action’ (adopted by 179 countries)国際人口国際人口国際人口国際人口・・・・開発会議開発会議開発会議開発会議「「「「行動計画行動計画行動計画行動計画」」」」(1994)●●●● ICPD+5 (1999)●●●● MDGs (2001)国連国連国連国連ミレニアムミレニアムミレニアムミレニアム宣言宣言宣言宣言(2000)ミレニアムミレニアムミレニアムミレニアム開発目標開発目標開発目標開発目標(2001)

ICPD: The Paradigm Shift 国連人口国連人口国連人口国連人口・・・・開発会議開発会議開発会議開発会議でのでのでのでのパラダイムパラダイムパラダイムパラダイムのののの転換転換転換転換Two views of population issues:人口問題への2つの視点● Macro view → Quantity マクロ的視点 →→→→量量量量● Micro view → Qualityミクロ的視点 →→→→ 質質質質

(Focus on the individual)

= Social Development and

Poverty Reduction

Micro level合計特殊出生率合計特殊出生率合計特殊出生率合計特殊出生率とのとのとのとの関連関連関連関連Total fertility

rate合計特殊出生率合計特殊出生率合計特殊出生率合計特殊出生率Average number of

children desired by

individual coupleカップルカップルカップルカップルがががが希望希望希望希望するするするする子子子子どものどものどものどもの数数数数1.32(2006)2.56(2002)Japan

3.53.2Philippines (2003) 5.6Rural areas 4.9

3.1Urban areas 3.9Ghana (2003)Demographic and Health Surveys; http://www.measuredhs.com/

Population Statistics of Japan 2005, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research

Vital statistics of Japan 2006, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Reproductive Health/Rights (RH/R)リプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブ・・・・ヘルスヘルスヘルスヘルス////ライツライツライツライツのののの定義定義定義定義Reproductive healthReproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and is a state of complete physical, mental and

social wellsocial well--being and not merely the absence of disease or being and not merely the absence of disease or

infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system aninfirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and d

to its functions and processes.to its functions and processes.

(“ICPD / Programme of Action” Chapter 7.2)

RReproductive rightseproductive rights embraceembrace [[……]] the basic right of all couples the basic right of all couples

and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number,

spacing and timing of their children and to have the informationspacing and timing of their children and to have the information

and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standardand means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard

of sexual and reproductive health. of sexual and reproductive health. [[……] [] [F]F]ullull attention should be attention should be

given to the promotion of mutually respectful and equitable given to the promotion of mutually respectful and equitable

gender relationsgender relations [[……]]..(“ICPD / Programme of Action” Chapter 7.3)

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• Child survival 子どもの生存• Maternal and child health 母子保健• Adolescent health 思春期保健• Family planning 家族計画• Abortion 人工妊娠中絶• Infertility treatment 不妊への取り組み• STI and HIV/AIDS HIV/エイズを含む性感染症• Menopause 更年期障害• Harmful practices (FGM, early marriage, etc)

FGMや早期婚姻等の有害な実践Reproductive health–related issuesリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブ・・・・ヘルスヘルスヘルスヘルス関連関連関連関連のののの指標指標指標指標

– Based on the Millennium Declaration in 2000,

and adopted by 189 countries in 2001

– Purpose: Poverty Reduction and Poverty Reduction and

Improve PeopleImprove People’’s Wells Well--BeingBeing

– 8 Goals (with measurable targets) to be met by the year 2015 are set, with the consensus of the

Member States

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)ミレニアムミレニアムミレニアムミレニアム開発目標開発目標開発目標開発目標

RightsRights--Based ApproachBased Approach

((人権人権人権人権アプローチアプローチアプローチアプローチ人権人権人権人権アプローチアプローチアプローチアプローチ))

ResultsResults--Based ApproachBased Approach

((成果主義成果主義成果主義成果主義成果主義成果主義成果主義成果主義))

Characteristics of MDGsミレニアムミレニアムミレニアムミレニアム開発目標開発目標開発目標開発目標のののの特徴特徴特徴特徴 Rights-Based Approach(人権人権人権人権アプローチアプローチアプローチアプローチ)19701970197019701970197019701970ssssssss~~~~~~~~ 社会経済開発社会経済開発社会経済開発社会経済開発アプローチアプローチアプローチアプローチ社会経済開発社会経済開発社会経済開発社会経済開発アプローチアプローチアプローチアプローチBased on SocioBased on SocioBased on SocioBased on SocioBased on SocioBased on SocioBased on SocioBased on Socio--------Economic Development ApproachEconomic Development ApproachEconomic Development ApproachEconomic Development ApproachEconomic Development ApproachEconomic Development ApproachEconomic Development ApproachEconomic Development Approach19901990199019901990199019901990ssssssss~~~~~~~~ Based on Human Rights ApproachBased on Human Rights ApproachBased on Human Rights ApproachBased on Human Rights ApproachBased on Human Rights ApproachBased on Human Rights ApproachBased on Human Rights ApproachBased on Human Rights Approach人権人権人権人権アプローチアプローチアプローチアプローチ人権人権人権人権アプローチアプローチアプローチアプローチ••Human Rights of Women Human Rights of Women Human Rights of Women Human Rights of Women Human Rights of Women Human Rights of Women Human Rights of Women Human Rights of Women ((((((((The Declaration and Platform for The Declaration and Platform for The Declaration and Platform for The Declaration and Platform for Action,Action,Action,Action, the 4th World Conference on Women in Beijing, 1995he 4th World Conference on Women in Beijing, 1995he 4th World Conference on Women in Beijing, 1995he 4th World Conference on Women in Beijing, 1995))))))))••No individual and no nation must be denied the opportunity to No individual and no nation must be denied the opportunity to No individual and no nation must be denied the opportunity to No individual and no nation must be denied the opportunity to No individual and no nation must be denied the opportunity to No individual and no nation must be denied the opportunity to No individual and no nation must be denied the opportunity to No individual and no nation must be denied the opportunity to benefit from development. The equal rights and opportunities benefit from development. The equal rights and opportunities benefit from development. The equal rights and opportunities benefit from development. The equal rights and opportunities benefit from development. The equal rights and opportunities benefit from development. The equal rights and opportunities benefit from development. The equal rights and opportunities benefit from development. The equal rights and opportunities of women and men must be assured.of women and men must be assured.of women and men must be assured.of women and men must be assured.of women and men must be assured.of women and men must be assured.of women and men must be assured.of women and men must be assured. ((((((((United Nations United Nations United Nations United Nations United Nations United Nations United Nations United Nations Millennium DeclarationMillennium DeclarationMillennium DeclarationMillennium DeclarationMillennium DeclarationMillennium DeclarationMillennium DeclarationMillennium Declaration, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000))))))))•• Back Ground: Back Ground: New Public Management

Search for better Systems of Public Management

Input Output Outcome

(Planning) (Monitoring) (Evaluation)

Results-Based Approach(成果主義成果主義成果主義成果主義)

Improving Reproductive Health (RH) and Improving Reproductive Health (RH) and

gender equality makes us closer to achieving gender equality makes us closer to achieving

MDGsMDGsリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブ・・・・ヘルスヘルスヘルスヘルスととととジェンダージェンダージェンダージェンダー平等平等平等平等ががががリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブ・・・・ヘルスヘルスヘルスヘルスととととジェンダージェンダージェンダージェンダー平等平等平等平等ががががMDGsMDGsのののの達成達成達成達成をををを促進促進促進促進するするするする。。。。のののの達成達成達成達成をををを促進促進促進促進するするするする。。。。RH, gender and developmentリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブ・・・・ヘルスヘルスヘルスヘルス、、、、ジェンダージェンダージェンダージェンダー、、、、開発開発開発開発

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Universal Access to RH リプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブ・・・・ヘルスサービスヘルスサービスヘルスサービスヘルスサービスへのへのへのへの総合的総合的総合的総合的アクセスアクセスアクセスアクセスUniversal Access to RH was not included in Universal Access to RH was not included in MDGsMDGs in 2001in 2001……リプロダクティブ・ヘルスサービスへの総合的アクセスは2001年のMDGsには含まれていなかったが、・・・・・20052005200520052005200520052005 World Summit Outcome DocumentWorld Summit Outcome Documentサミットサミットサミットサミット成果文書成果文書成果文書成果文書サミットサミットサミットサミット成果文書成果文書成果文書成果文書・・・・・・・・””Achieve universal access to RH by 2015Achieve universal access to RH by 2015Achieve universal access to RH by 2015Achieve universal access to RH by 2015Achieve universal access to RH by 2015Achieve universal access to RH by 2015Achieve universal access to RH by 2015Achieve universal access to RH by 2015”” ((((((((Paragraph 57gParagraph 57gParagraph 57gParagraph 57gParagraph 57gParagraph 57gParagraph 57gParagraph 57g))))))))・・・・・・・・””Ensuring equal access to RHEnsuring equal access to RHEnsuring equal access to RHEnsuring equal access to RHEnsuring equal access to RHEnsuring equal access to RHEnsuring equal access to RHEnsuring equal access to RH”” is needed to promote gender equality is needed to promote gender equality is needed to promote gender equality is needed to promote gender equality is needed to promote gender equality is needed to promote gender equality is needed to promote gender equality is needed to promote gender equality and eliminate gender discrimination and eliminate gender discrimination and eliminate gender discrimination and eliminate gender discrimination and eliminate gender discrimination and eliminate gender discrimination and eliminate gender discrimination and eliminate gender discrimination ((((((((Paragraph 58cParagraph 58cParagraph 58cParagraph 58cParagraph 58cParagraph 58cParagraph 58cParagraph 58c))))))))2002200220022002 UN Millennium Project ReportUN Millennium Project ReportUN Millennium Project ReportUN Millennium Project Report“RH is a crucial factor in achieving MDGs.”

20022002200220022002200220022002 UN Millennium Project ReportUN Millennium Project ReportUN Millennium Project ReportUN Millennium Project ReportUN Millennium Project ReportUN Millennium Project ReportUN Millennium Project ReportUN Millennium Project Report““RH is a crucial factor in achieving RH is a crucial factor in achieving MDGsMDGs..””

20062006200620062006200620062006 General AssemblyGeneral Assembly 国連総会国連総会国連総会国連総会国連総会国連総会国連総会国連総会Took note of the SecretaryTook note of the SecretaryTook note of the SecretaryTook note of the SecretaryTook note of the SecretaryTook note of the SecretaryTook note of the SecretaryTook note of the Secretary--------GeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneral’’s recommendation to incorporate s recommendation to incorporate s recommendation to incorporate s recommendation to incorporate s recommendation to incorporate s recommendation to incorporate s recommendation to incorporate s recommendation to incorporate 4 outcomes of World Summit into 4 outcomes of World Summit into 4 outcomes of World Summit into 4 outcomes of World Summit into 4 outcomes of World Summit into 4 outcomes of World Summit into 4 outcomes of World Summit into 4 outcomes of World Summit into MDGsMDGsMDGsMDGsMDGsMDGsMDGsMDGs as additional Targets, including as additional Targets, including as additional Targets, including as additional Targets, including as additional Targets, including as additional Targets, including as additional Targets, including as additional Targets, including ““Universal Access to RH by 2015 (under Goal 5)Universal Access to RH by 2015 (under Goal 5)Universal Access to RH by 2015 (under Goal 5)Universal Access to RH by 2015 (under Goal 5)Universal Access to RH by 2015 (under Goal 5)Universal Access to RH by 2015 (under Goal 5)Universal Access to RH by 2015 (under Goal 5)Universal Access to RH by 2015 (under Goal 5)””........

Concept of ‘Human Security’ (Focus on the individual)個人に焦点を当てる「人間の安全保障」= Freedom from want or fear ← Eliminate all threats to human life and dignity

(eg. poverty, armed conflict, infectious diseases, natural disasters, etc)

Can be used as a guiding and uniting concept across UN agencies working in different areas (i.e. humanitarian assistance, emergency response, food security, social development, etc)

Micro view of population issues = Focus on the individual個人に焦点を当てるミクロの視点Population issues and RH/R lie at the basis of development

• MDGs

• Rights-based

‘Human Security’ and poverty reduction人間人間人間人間のののの安全保障安全保障安全保障安全保障とととと貧困削減貧困削減貧困削減貧困削減

‘Human Security’ and Poverty Reduction~ focus on RH and Gender

~リプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブ・・・・ヘルスヘルスヘルスヘルスととととジェンダージェンダージェンダージェンダーのののの視点視点視点視点からからからからFor “Human Security”,人間の安全保障を実現するには• Not only ensuring personal security and survival, but

also enhancing social development is important社会開発の重要性• Gender, as well as Reproductive Health/Rights, is a

key for achieving MDGs and for social developmentジェンダーとリプロダクティブ・ヘルスがMDGsと社会開発の鍵となる。• Goal 1: Eradicate extreme

poverty and hunger極度の貧困と飢餓の撲滅 • Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education普遍的初等教育の達成Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

• Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower

women ジェンダーの平等の推進と女性の地位向上 • Goal 4: Reduce child mortality乳幼児死亡率の削減Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

• Goal 5: Improve maternal health妊産婦の健康の改善 • Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS,

malaria and other diseases

HIV/エイズ、マラリア、その他の疾病の蔓延防止Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

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• Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability持続可能な環境の確保 • Goal 8: Develop a Global

Partnership for Development開発のためのグローバル・パートナーシップの推進(Desertification in Sahel region)

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)Goals most closely related to RH and gender issuesGoals most closely related to RH and gender issuesリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブ・・・・・・・・ヘルスヘルスヘルスヘルスととととジェンダージェンダージェンダージェンダー関連関連関連関連ののののゴールゴールゴールゴールヘルスヘルスヘルスヘルスととととジェンダージェンダージェンダージェンダー関連関連関連関連ののののゴールゴールゴールゴール

Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality

((Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate among children under 5)

Goal 5: Improve maternal health

((Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio)

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

((Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water)⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒ Gender equality is crucial towards achieving these goalsGender equality is crucial towards achieving these goalsジェンダージェンダージェンダージェンダーのののの平等平等平等平等はははは上記上記上記上記ゴールゴールゴールゴール達成達成達成達成のためにのためにのためにのために重要重要重要重要。。。。ジェンダージェンダージェンダージェンダーのののの平等平等平等平等はははは上記上記上記上記ゴールゴールゴールゴール達成達成達成達成のためにのためにのためにのために重要重要重要重要。。。。

MDGs and ICPD PoA (1) Goal4についてについてについてについてMDGsととととICPD「「「「行動計画行動計画行動計画行動計画」」」」のののの関係関係関係関係

Reduce the infant and under-5

mortality rates by one third, or to

50 and 70 per 1,000 live births,

respectively, whichever is less, by

the year 2000.

By 2015, achieve an infant

mortality rate below 35 per 1,000

live births and an under-5

mortality rate below 45 per 1,000.

Reduce by two thirds the

mortality rate among

children under five

TargetGoal 4: Reduce child mortalityTarget

ICPD (1994) Program of ActionMDGs (2001)

MDGssss and ICPD PoA(2) Goal5についてについてについてについてMDGsととととICPD「「「「行動計画行動計画行動計画行動計画」」」」のののの関係関係関係関係

Reduce maternal mortality by

one half of the 1990 levels by the year 2000, and a further

one half by 2015

Reduce by three quarters

the maternal mortality ratio

Target

Goal 5:

Improve maternal health

Target

ICPD (1994) Program of ActionMDGs (2001)

MMR with Gender Development Index in Asia00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800MMRGDI

Sri LankaPakistanNepalIndiaBangladeshViet NamThailandPhilippinesMalaysiaLaosIndonesiaCambodiaMongoliaChinaMMR

GD

I

MMR with Gender Development Index in Asiaアジアアジアアジアアジアでのでのでのでの妊産婦死亡率妊産婦死亡率妊産婦死亡率妊産婦死亡率ととととジェンダージェンダージェンダージェンダー開発指標開発指標開発指標開発指標The GDI - gender-related development index - is a

composite indicator that measures the average achievement of a population in the same dimensions as the HDI while adjusting for gender inequalities in the level of achievement in the three basic aspects of human development. It uses the same variables as the HDI, disaggregated by gender.基本的基本的基本的基本的なななな能力能力能力能力のののの達成度達成度達成度達成度をををを測定測定測定測定するがするがするがするが、、、、女性女性女性女性とととと男性男性男性男性のののの達成度達成度達成度達成度におけるにおけるにおけるにおける不平等不平等不平等不平等をををを考慮考慮考慮考慮してしてしてして調整調整調整調整ししししたたたた指数指数指数指数。。。。したがってしたがってしたがってしたがって基本的基本的基本的基本的なななな人間開発人間開発人間開発人間開発においてにおいてにおいてにおいてジェンダージェンダージェンダージェンダー格差格差格差格差がががが大大大大きければきければきければきければ大大大大きいほどきいほどきいほどきいほど、、、、そのそのそのその国国国国ののののGDIははははHDIとととと比較比較比較比較してしてしてして低低低低くなるくなるくなるくなる。。。。

http://www.undp.or.id/faq.asp#H1

Gender Development Index ジェンダージェンダージェンダージェンダー開発指標開発指標開発指標開発指標

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1) Water-borne diseases 水感染症Cholera, hepatitis, diarrheaコレラ、肝炎、下痢

2) Cutting the route of infection 感染ルートの遮断Mosquitoes and parasites蚊、寄生虫

Health Committee members

in Guatemala

Guatemala: Water-related diseases and MCHグアテマラグアテマラグアテマラグアテマラのののの事例事例事例事例 Guatemala: School health programグアテマラグアテマラグアテマラグアテマラのののの学校保健学校保健学校保健学校保健

Guatemala::::Income generating activity for

indigenous women先住民女性向先住民女性向先住民女性向先住民女性向けのけのけのけの所得創出所得創出所得創出所得創出プログラムプログラムプログラムプログラムIncome-generating activity for indigenous women with second-hand sewing machines

Photo: JOICFP

Cambodia (youth)カンボジアカンボジアカンボジアカンボジアでのでのでのでのユースユースユースユースへのへのへのへの取取取取りりりり組組組組みみみみUNFPA Goodwill Ambassador in Cambodia,

with Chea Samnang, and peer educators.

Cambodia (peer education)カンボジアカンボジアカンボジアカンボジアでのでのでのでの仲間教育仲間教育仲間教育仲間教育Peer educators teaching HIV/AIDS to community youth at villages.

Basic hygiene kit 衛生衛生衛生衛生キットキットキットキットprepared by UNFPA and Japan

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Indian Ocean Tsunami emergency operationインドインドインドインド洋津波洋津波洋津波洋津波のののの緊急人道支援緊急人道支援緊急人道支援緊急人道支援Kit distributed in Indonesiaインドネシアインドネシアインドネシアインドネシア、、、、衛生衛生衛生衛生キットキットキットキットをををを受受受受けけけけ取取取取るるるる母母母母とととと子子子子

Pakistan earthquake emergency operationパキスタンパキスタンパキスタンパキスタン地震地震地震地震でのでのでのでの緊急人道支援緊急人道支援緊急人道支援緊急人道支援Kit being assembledパキスタンパキスタンパキスタンパキスタン、、、、衛生衛生衛生衛生キットキットキットキットをををを受受受受けけけけ取取取取るるるる母母母母とととと子子子子

Kits being delivered to campsキャンプキャンプキャンプキャンプにににに運運運運ばれるばれるばれるばれる衛生衛生衛生衛生キットキットキットキットPakistan earthquake emergency operationパキスタンパキスタンパキスタンパキスタン地震地震地震地震でのでのでのでの緊急人道支援緊急人道支援緊急人道支援緊急人道支援 Pakistan earthquake emergency operationパキスタンパキスタンパキスタンパキスタン地震地震地震地震でのでのでのでの緊急人道支援緊急人道支援緊急人道支援緊急人道支援

Recipients of kits

Executive Director of UNFPA, Thoraya Obaid, with the Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Aso国連人口基金事務局長国連人口基金事務局長国連人口基金事務局長国連人口基金事務局長 (麻生外相麻生外相麻生外相麻生外相とともにとともにとともにとともに)

Afghanistan: Reconstructionアフガニスタンアフガニスタンアフガニスタンアフガニスタン復興支援復興支援復興支援復興支援Photo: HANDSHealth service

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Afghanistan: Reconstructionアフガニスタンアフガニスタンアフガニスタンアフガニスタン復興支援復興支援復興支援復興支援Photo: HANDS

Medical survey

2005/2/21 with the 2005/2/21 with the 2005/2/21 with the 2005/2/21 with the nobelnobelnobelnobel prize winner, Ms. prize winner, Ms. prize winner, Ms. prize winner, Ms. WangariWangariWangariWangari MutaMutaMutaMuta MaathaiMaathaiMaathaiMaathaiノーベルノーベルノーベルノーベル平和賞受賞者平和賞受賞者平和賞受賞者平和賞受賞者マータイマータイマータイマータイさんとともさんとともさんとともさんとともにMs. Yuko Arimori UNFPA Goodwill Ambassador 有森裕子有森裕子 国連人口基金国連人口基金 親善大使親善大使

with Mr. Kofi Annan, ex Secretary-General at the UN 2002

Lifelines (1)

1 Boy-child preference男児を希望する社会と妊娠を強いられる女性2 FGM (Female Genital Mutilation)女性性器切除を受けさせられる女児3 Marriage and work妊娠のため仕事を断念させられる女性

The lives of 12 women in different parts of the world,

with various gender issues

Lifelines (2)

4 Right to reproductive health services避妊方法を知ろうと医師を訪れた女性→医師が夫に継げ、夫から暴力を受ける5 Infertility operation不妊手術を希望する女性。でも夫や医師が女性自身の意志を尊重してくれるか不安6 Unwanted pregnancy

10代の望まれない妊娠→家族や恋人に見捨てられるLifelines (3)

7. Young marriage 若年結婚8. Stereotype about a woman’s life不妊の若い女性→ 「女性とは子どもを産むものだ」という社会的固定観念に苦しめられる9. Culture vs Right to medical services文化・宗教的理由から、男性医師(夫以外の男性)に診察してもらえず苦しむ女性

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Lifelines (4)

10 Contraceptive choices適切な避妊方法を得られない若い女性→望まれない妊娠 →仕方なく養子に11 Domestic violence村の女性達が集まって家庭内暴力を話し合う。現在暴力を受けている女性は、夫が妻を外に出さない為、出席できない12 Forced prostitution強制売春させられる子どもや若い女性

• Reproductive health relates to all aspects of one’s life, throughout his/her life, and reproductive rights is considered as a part of human rights.リプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブ・・・・ヘルスヘルスヘルスヘルスはははは、、、、生涯生涯生涯生涯をををを通通通通じてあらゆるじてあらゆるじてあらゆるじてあらゆる面面面面にににに関係関係関係関係するものでするものでするものでするものでありありありあり、、、、リプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブリプロダクティブ・・・・ライツライツライツライツはははは人権人権人権人権のののの一部一部一部一部であるであるであるである。。。。

• Importance of young people in development and human security開発開発開発開発とととと人間人間人間人間のののの安全保障安全保障安全保障安全保障におけるにおけるにおけるにおける若者若者若者若者のののの重要性重要性重要性重要性• Importance of taking gender into considerationジェンダージェンダージェンダージェンダーのののの重要性重要性重要性重要性• Importance of people’s participation参加参加参加参加することのすることのすることのすることの重要性重要性重要性重要性• Global Partnership地球市民的地球市民的地球市民的地球市民的ななななパートナーシップパートナーシップパートナーシップパートナーシップ

Summary and conclusion まとめとまとめとまとめとまとめと結論結論結論結論

Thank you very much!Thank you very much!UNFPA Tokyo Office

7th Floor, UN House,

5-53-70 Jingu-mae, Shibuya-ku,

Tokyo 150-0001

Tel: 03-5467-4684 Fax: 03-5467-8556

[email protected]

http://www.unfpa.or.jp/