Upload
rhoda-francis
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
QUIZ 1. What is the science that describes, names
and classifies organisms?
2. Linnaeus classified organisms according to their ______ & ______.
3. (True or False) Binomial nomenclature gives the phylum and genus names.
4. What is the species name for humans?
Linnaean System
Developed a 2 - part naming system called
Binomial Nomenclature
Genus name followed by species identifier
• Written in italics Genus name capitalized
• Latin roots & descriptive name
example: Homo sapiens
•Subspecies (variations of a species living in different areas) name follows species identifier
SystematicsDescribing, classifying and naming organisms in
terms of their natural relationships
Natural relationships = physical features, embryos, genes in the nucleus, DNA & RNA
Biologist can choose & combine systems of classification but the classification should reflect Phylogeny
What is Phylogeny?
Hypothesis of the evolutionary history of species or taxonomic group
Phylogenetics – the evolutionary relationships among organisms;
• Compare visible similarities among current living or fossils or compare chromosomes and macromolecules
• Represent hypotheses in the form of phylogenetic diagram also called phylogenetic tree
Activity 2
• Create a Phylogenetic tree
• Family tree
you – parents- grand parents- great grandparent & so on.
What natural relationships does your tree represent?
Systematics• Compares homologous features items that
share a common ancestry • Important to separate from analogous
features similar because they have similar function
The greater the number of homologous features shared by two organisms the
closer they are related
CLADISTICS A phylogenetic classification system that uses
shared derived characters & ancestry as the only criteria for grouping taxa
• Shared character – feature that all members of a group have in common
• Derived character – feature that evolved only within the group under consideration
CLADISTICS• Clad – group of organisms that include an
ancestor plus all of its descendants
• Cladograms – phylogenetic diagrams