Risk Management for Hazardous Chemicals Page: 1

©1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETCHEMICAL NAME

ETHANOLAMINE

CRC PRESS/LEWIS PUBLISHERS DISCLAIMER: THE INFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

PRESENTED HEREIN ARE BASED ON SOURCES BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE. CRC MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONON ITS COMPLETENESS OR ACCURACY. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER TO DETERMINE THECHEMICAL'S SUITABILITY FOR ITS INTENDED USE, THE CHEMICAL'S SAFE USE, AND THE CHEMICAL'S PROPERDISPOSAL. NO REPRESENTATIONS AND/OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, OF THE MER-CHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR OF ANY OTHER NATURE, ARE MADE WITHRESPECT TO THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS MSDS OR TO THE CHEMICAL TO WHICH INFORMATION MAYREFER. CRC NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT, ANY OTHERADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR THE USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON, THIS INFORMATION.

HAZARD WARNING INFORMATIONHEALTH FIRE REACTIVE OTHER DEGREE OF HAZARD COLOR CODING OTHER CODES

2 2 00 = Minimum Hazard1 = Slight Hazard2 = Moderate Hazard3 = Serious Hazard4 = Severe Hazard

HEALTH = BLUEFIRE = REDREACTIVITY = YELLOWOTHER = WHITE

OX = OxidizerACID = AcidALK = AlkaliCOR = CorrosiveW = Use No Water

SECTION I - GENERAL INFORMATIONCharacterization

Aliphatic AmineRCRA Number

NoneEPA Class

Not ApplicableDOT Proper Shipping Name

Ethanolamine (solution)Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Number

141-43-5DOT Hazard Class and Label Requirements

Corrosive MaterialDOT Emergency Guide Code

60DOT Identification Number

UN 2491Chemical Formula

NH2CH2CH2OHSynonyms

2-Aminoethanol; ββ-aminoethyl alcohol; ethylolamine; 2-hydroxyethylamine; monoethanolamine.

SECTION II - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS AND IDENTITY INFORMATIONHazardous Components (specific identity) OSHA Exposure Criteria NIOSH Exposure Criteria Immediately Dangerous to

Life and Health (IDLH)ACGIH Exposure Criteria

Ethanolamine (derivation: By re-action of ammonia with ethylene oxide toform mono, di, and tri-ethanolamines andseparated by fractionation).

1 ppm = 2.54 mg/m 3

PEL (8-hour): 3 ppm 8 mg/m 3

STEL: 6 ppm 15 mg/m 3

REL (10-hour): 3 ppm 8 mg/m 3

STEL: 6 ppm 15 mg/m 3

30 ppm

TLV: 3 ppm 8 mg/m 3

STEL: 6 ppm 15 mg/m 3

SECTION III - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICSBoiling Point

339°°F (170°°C)Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)

1.02Vapor Pressure (mm Hg)

0.4 at 69°°F (20°°C)Molecular Weight

61.1Vapor Density (Air = 1)

2.1Melting Point

51°°F (10°°C)Solubility

Completely soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol and acetone.Appearance and Odor

Colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid or solid (below 51 °°F) with an unpleasant, ammonia-like odor.

SECTION IV - FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATAFlash Point (method used)

185°°F (85°°C) closed cupExplosive Limits in Air % by Volume

LEL: 3.0% UEL: 23.5%NFPA Classification

Class IIIA Combustible LiquidAutoignition Temperature

1436°°F (780°°C)Extinguishing Media

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or “alcohol” foam. Do NOT use direct stream of water (may scatter orspread the fire).Special Fire Fighting Procedures

Poisonous gases are produced in fire, wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing appara-tus (SCBA). Move containers from fire area if it can be done safely. Use water spray to cool fire-exposedcontainers. Do not allow run-off from fire control methods to reach sewers or waterways.Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

Moderate fire and explosion hazard. Vapors form explosive mixtures in air. Vapors are slightly heavierthan air and can travel for great distances to an ignition source to flashback causing fire or explosion.

SECTION V - REACTIVITY DATA

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©1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

StabilityConditions to Avoid

Ethanolamine is normally stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal conditions ofstorage and handling. Avoid contact with incompatible materials. Keep dry and away from heat andflame.

Stable

X

Unstable Incompatibility (materials to avoid)Strong oxidizers (chlorine, bromine, fluorine), strong acids (sulfuric, nitric). It will dissolve and stripsome paints and varnishes. It will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, coatings, copper, and brass.

HazardousPolymerization

Conditions to Avoid

Under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, hazardous polymerization of ethanolamine is notexpected to occur.

May Occur Will Not Occur

X

Hazardous Decomposition or By-products

Toxic and irritating fumes and vapors are produced when ethanolamine is heated to decomposition.These include toxic oxides of nitrogen and carbon.

SECTION VI - HEALTH HAZARD DATA

Primary Route(s) of Entry:Inhalation?

possible but not likely

Absorption (skin)? Ingestion?

XHealth Hazards

INHALATION: Vapors are irritating to the eyes, nose, and upper respiratory tract. It can also cause de- pression of the central nervous system (CNS) with symptoms of lethargy (drowsiness or indifference. The extremely unpleasant odor makes this an unlikely exposure route.

SKIN & EYES: Moderately irritating to the skin causing redness and swelling. Severely irritating to the eyes causing redness and possible burns.

INGESTION: May damage the gastrointestinal tract.Carcinogenicity

Unknown HumanUnknown Animal

NTP Listed?

No

IARC Cancer Review Group?

No

OSHA Regulated?

29 CFR 1910.1000Table Z-1

Target Organs?

Eyes, skin, respiratory sys-tem, CNS

Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure

None Reported.Emergency and First-aid Procedures

Eye contact: Flush immediately with water for 15 minutes (minimum), seek medical attention. Skin co n-tact: Remove all contaminated clothing. Immediately wash area with large amounts of soap and water.Seek medical assistance. For inhalation: Remove the person from exposure. Provide respiratory assis-tance and CPR. Transfer to medical facility. If swallowed: Call the poison control center and seekmedical attention immediately. Do NOT induce vomiting. Never attempt to give an unconscious or con-vulsing person anything by mouth.

SECTION VII - PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USESteps to be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled

Absorb liquids in vermiculite or other absorbent and deposit in DOT-approved drum. Ventilate area andremove ignition sources. Restrict those not involved in cleanup from entering area. Neutralize residuesor small spills with sodium bisulfite and flush to a drain with copious amounts of water. Notify appropri-ate authorities, if applicable.Preferred Waste Disposal Method

Mix with a flammable solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator (with afterburner and scrubber).Precautions to be Taken in Handling and Storage

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry well-ventilated area (preferably at 65-95 °°F/18-35°°C). Pro-tect containers from physical damage. Keep away from incompatible materials. Ground and bond metalcontainers and equipment when making transfers (prevent static sparks).Other Precautions and Warnings

Empty containers may still contain hazardous residues and should be handled accordingly.

SECTION VIII - CONTROL MEASURES AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTRespiratory Protection (specify type)

Corrosive to lung tissue and mucus membranes. Use a supplied-air respirator with full facepiece oper-ated in positive pressure mode or a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with full facepiece oper-ated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.Ventilation

Local exhaust or general mechanical systems recommended.Protective Gloves

Impervious Gloves (not rubber)Eye Protection

Chemical Goggles or Face MaskOther Protective Clothing

Protective Apron or ClothingWork/Hygiene Practices

Always wash hands thoroughly after using chemical; never bring food, drink, or smoking materials intovicinity of chemicals.

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©1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

ETHANOLAMINENH2CH2CH2OH CAS: 141-43-5

HO CH2 CH2 NH2

2 02

IDENTIFICATION AND TYPICAL USES

Ethanolamine is a colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liq-uid (or solid below 51°F) with an extremely unpleas-ant, ammonia-like odor. It is used as a dispersingagent for agricultural chemicals, in the synthesis ofsurface active agents, as a softening agent for hides,and in emulsifiers, polishes, and hair solutions.

RISK ASSESSMENT: HEALTHGeneral Assessment

Ethanolamine is moderately toxic by ingestion andskin contact (absorption) has been reported as a routeof entry into the body. While inhalation is certainly aprobable exposure risk, the extremely unpleasant odorof ethanolamine makes overexposure by inhalation anunlikely event. There is no information in the refer-ences on the carcinogenic or teratogenic properties ofethanolamine. However, human mutation data havebeen reported. Some scientists believe that mutagenicchemicals may have carcinogenic effects in the long-term. Additional study is required in this area. Lung,kidney, and liver injuries can also occur followingprolonged or repeated exposures.

Inhalation of ethanolamine vapors causes irritationto the eyes, nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract.Excessive exposure to the vapor lead to depression ofthe central nervous system (CNS) with symptoms oflethargy (drowsiness, indifference).

Skin contact will cause moderate irritation withredness and swelling. Ethanolamine can be absorbedthrough the skin in toxic amounts. Eye contact resultsin severe irritation and may result in burns and tissuedamage.

Ingestion can occur through careless working con-ditions, accidents, and, improper hygienic practices. Itcauses damage to the gastrointestinal tract and maylead to systemic poisoning.1 Acute Health Effects

The following acute (short-term) health effects mayoccur immediately or shortly after exposure to etha-nolamine:

Skin: Mild to moderate irritation. May cause burnswith redness and swelling. Absorption canalso occur.

Eye: Severe irritation, inflammation, with possibledamage to vision.

Lung: Inhalation causes irritation of the eyes, nose,and upper respiratory tract with distressedbreathing, coughing, congestion, and tearing.

CNS: Depression of the central nervous system canoccur with lethargic symptoms, fatigue, som-nolence, and dizziness.

0 Chronic Health Effects

The following chronic (long-term) health effects mayoccur at some time after exposure to ethanolamine andcan last for months or even years:

Cancer Hazards: According to the information pre-sented in the references, ethanolamine has not beenadequately tested for its ability to cause cancer in testanimals. Human mutation data have been reported.More research is required.

Reproductive Hazard: According to the informationpresented in the references, ethanolamine has not beenadequately tested for its ability to adversely affect re-production.

Other Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposures may leadto lung, liver, and/or kidney damage.

Ä Recommended Risk-Reduction Measures

Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for ahazardous substance, engineering controls are themost effective method of reducing exposures. Thebest protection is to enclose operations and/or provide

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©1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical re-lease. To prevent static sparks, all containers andequipment should be electrically grounded andbonded. While not always operationally feasible,isolating operations can also reduce exposure.

Using respiratory protection is less effective thanthe controls mentioned above, but is still advisablewhenever working with or around ethanolamine. Forrelatively low, infrequent, or transient exposures, anorganic vapor respirator equipped with a cartridgeprotecting against amines may suffice. For higher orprolonged exposure, a supplied-air respirator with fullfacepiece operated in positive pressure mode or a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with full face-piece and operated in pressure demand are the recom-mended respiratory protection methods of choice. If afull facepiece is not available, then chemical gogglesshould be worn to protect the eyes. Whenever achemical splash hazard exists, a face shield and apronshould be worn. To prevent hand and skin exposures,impervious chemical gloves should be worn. Cautionshould be used when selecting gloves. Ethanolaminewill attack some forms of rubber. Glove manufactur-ers should be contacted for permeation studies beforeselecting a protective glove.

Administrative controls should also be in place tominimize the potential for human exposures. Thesemay include written procedures or policies whichspecify the methods and techniques that will be prac-ticed whenever personnel are to work with ethanola-mine.

All personnel should receive training on the use,hazards, protective measures, emergency actions, andother precautions per 29 CFR 1910.1200 (HazardCommunication), prior to the first assignment in anarea where ethanolamine is used or stored.

Before beginning employment and at regular in-tervals thereafter (e.g. annually), the following medi-cal tests are recommended:

; Lung function tests (establish a baseline).

If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, thefollowing medical tests may be useful:

; Lung function tests.

; Liver and kidney function tests.

Any evaluation should include a careful medical his-tory of past and present symptoms with an examina-tion. However, medical tests that evaluate existingdamage are not a substitute for controlling exposure.

Other methods to reduce exposure include:

; Where possible, enclose operations and use localexhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release.If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is notused, respiratory protection should be mandatory.Also, if possible, automatically transfer liquidsfrom storage containers to process containersusing non-sparking tools.

; Always ensure that proper protective clothing isworn when using chemical substances.

; Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure toethanolamine and at the end of the work shift orbefore eating, drinking, or smoking.

; Hazard warning information should be posted inthe work area. In addition, as part of an on-goingeducation and training program, all informationon the health and safety hazards of ethanolamineshould be communicated to all exposed workers.

; Eye wash stations should be provided in workareas. If the potential for whole body exposureexists, then safety showers should also be pro-vided.

RISK ASSESSMENT: ENVIRONMENTGeneral Assessment

The environment is at risk of exposure during in-tended use, transportation, storage, disposal, or de-struction of ethanolamine. In almost every scenario,the threat of environmental exposure is contingentupon the proper handling of the chemical substance.Accidental spills, large or small, can result in fire, ex-plosion, and possible contamination of the surround-ing environmental mediums (water, soil, and air).

Ethanolamine is considered a class IIIA combusti-ble liquid (per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106). While thismeans it poses a minimum fire risk by itself, mixtureor contact with incompatible materials can cause fireor explosion. It can react with many common oxidiz-ing materials and strong acids. It is corrosive to cop-per, brass, galvanized iron, and rubber. Its vapors canform explosive mixtures in air. These characteristicsrequire special consideration during any emergencysituation involving a leak or spill of ethanolamine.Should ethanolamine ever come into contact with in-compatible substances either during use, transporta-tion, or storage, violent reactions can occur.

Ethanolamine can enter the environment throughits intended use as a dispersing agent for agricultural

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©1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

chemicals, as well as through industrial discharges andspills.

1 Acute Ecological Effects

Acute (short-term) toxic effects may include the deathof animals, birds, or fish and death or low growth ratein plants. Acute effects are seen 2 to 4 days after ani-mals or plants are exposed to ethanolamine. Insuffi-cient data are available to evaluate or predict theshort-term effects of ethanolamine to aquatic life,plants, birds, or land animals.

0 Chronic Ecological Effects

Chronic toxic effects may include shortened life span,reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes inappearance or behavior in exposed animals. Theseeffects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to toxicchemicals. Insufficient data are available to evaluateor predict the long-term effects of ethanolamine toaquatic life, plants, birds, or land animals.

6 Water Solubility

Ethanolamine is highly soluble in water. Concentra-tions of 1000 milligrams and more will mix with aliter of water.

� Persistence in the Environment

Ethanolamine is slightly persistent in water, with ahalf-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of apollutant is the amount of time it takes for one half ofthe chemical to be degraded.

O Bioaccumulation in Aquatic Organisms

Some substances increase in concentration, or bioac-cumulate, in living organisms as they breathe con-taminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat con-taminated food. These chemicals can become con-centrated in the tissues and internal organs of animalsas well as humans.

Ethanolamine is not expected to accumulate infish tissue.

Ä Recommended Risk-Reduction Measures

Proper training of all transporters will reduce the like-lihood of a mishap or accident resulting in a leak orspill to the environment. The correct use of DOT la-beling (per the MSDS) on all containers, trucks, andrail cars will enable emergency responders to react

properly and quickly to any disaster thereby reducingthe potential risk to the environment and to personnel.

Storage of ethanolamine should be segregatedfrom incompatible chemicals to minimize the risk ofcross-contamination or contact. Storage buildingsshould be equipped with the proper fire protectionequipment (alarms, sprinklers, extinguishers, etc.).

If a spill or leak to the environment has occurred,fire department, emergency response and/or hazardousmaterials spill personnel should be notified immedi-ately. Cleanup should be attempted only by thosetrained in proper spill containment procedures. Con-taminated soils should therefore be removed for incin-eration and replaced with clean soil. If ethanolamineshould contact the water table, aquifer, or navigablewaterway, remediation activities should be prompt.Time is of the essence since it is highly soluble andtotal containment and remediation may not be possi-ble. When such spills occur, the local and/or stateemergency response authorities must be notified. Acomprehensive emergency response or disaster pre-paredness/recovery plan should be in place prior toany operations involving the use, transportation, stor-age, or disposal of ethanolamine. Ethanolamine maybe disposed of by placing it in a chemical incineratorequipped with an afterburner and scrubber.

If ethanolamine is spilled or leaked, the followingspecific steps are recommended:

; Evacuate area and deny entry to those not in-volved in cleanup activities. Restrict persons notwearing protective clothing from area of spill orleak until cleanup is complete.

; Ventilate area of leak, remove ignition sources.

; Absorb liquids using vermiculite, dry earth, orsand and place in a sealed drum for disposal.Trace residues or small spills should be neutral-ized with sodium bisulfite and then flushed to adrain using copious amounts of water.

; It may be necessary to dispose of ethanolamineas a hazardous waste. The responsible stateagency or the regional office of the federal Envi-ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) should becontacted for specific recommendations.

RISK ASSESSMENT: BUSINESSGeneral Assessment

Accidents or mishaps involving ethanolamine can pre-sent a significant threat to business operations. Theloss or damage of equipment or facilities can signifi-

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©1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

cantly affect fiscal viability. Lawsuits that may resultfrom personnel injury/death, public exposures, and/orenvironmental contamination will also require a seri-ous expenditure of resources. Media attention sur-rounding an injury, death, or environmental damagecan also result in a loss of profits and loss of currentas well as future business.

Ä Recommended Risk-Reduction MeasuresCompany attorneys, safety and health professionals,and environmental specialists should be involved inthe development of any procedures dealing with safetyor emergency response. A company official should bepre-designated as a public relations officer with spe-cific training in dealing with the press. Corporateplans and policies should be developed, approved, andimplemented long before any need for such arises.

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