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R aising the P articipation A ge. What is it?. Raising the Participation Age (RPA) means that young people will be required to participate in education or training: to the end of the academic year in which they are aged 17, from 2013 (current year 11 pupils) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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www.londoncouncils.gov.uk
Raising the Participation Age
2
What is it?
• Raising the Participation Age (RPA) means that young people will be required to participate in education or training:– to the end of the academic year in which they are
aged 17, from 2013 (current year 11 pupils)– until their 18th birthday, by 2015 (current year 9
pupils) • RPA does not apply if a young person has already
attained a level 3 qualification (e.g. 3 ‘A’ levels)• The legislation: Education and Skills Act 2008…
P.S: It’s legislation without mandating
3
What does it mean?
• RPA is NOT raising the school leaving age, young people will be able to choose how they participate: – Full-time study: school sixth form; further
education or sixth form college; foundation learning with a training provider
– Employment with part-time training: Apprenticeship; Pre-Apprenticeship; employed, self-employed or volunteering for 20 hours or more a week
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Why RPA?
NEET aged 16-18
Unemployment/Under-employment
Lower income
Criminal record
Poor health and depression
By the age of 21, young people who were not participating at 16-17 are more likely to face
Source: Jenkins et. Al. Returns to Qualifications in England (2007)
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Why RPA?By contrast, if young people participate and attain at this age, they see the benefits throughout their lives
People with five or more GCSEs at A* - C earn, on average, 9-
11% more than those without
Getting two or more A levels leads to men earning £80,000 and women £110,000 more over the course of their lifetime
than someone whose highest attainment is 5 or more GCSEs A*-C
Getting a level 3 Apprenticeship increases earnings by an estimated £105,000 and a level 2 Apprenticeship by £73,000
6
What it means for local authorities
• Local authorities will be required to:
– Promote the effective participation in education or training of all 16 and 17 year olds resident in their area
– Make arrangements to identify young people resident in their area who are not participating
www.londoncouncils.gov.uk
The opportunities
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Participation
December 2012 data (DfE, May 2013)
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Diversification of participation
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Participation and achievement
A* A B C D E F G No result0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0% % Drop out, split by GCSE English Grade AttainedStayed onDropped Out
% D
rop
Out
GCSE English Grade Attained
Large difference in drop out between C and B grades
‘Cross-over’ point between C and D grades
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Level 3 at 19 by qualification type (national)
Source: Level 2 and 3 attainment by young people in England, SFR 5/2012, DfE
www.londoncouncils.gov.uk
The challenges
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NEET
• London NEET consistently below the national average, but volume persistently around the 10,000 mark
CCIS, March 2013
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• Teenage mothers:– 31% EET and 20% ‘not known’ compared to overall 87% and 9%
• Learners with a learning difficulty or disability:– 8.1% NEET compared to overall 4.5%– 15.6% ‘not known’ compared overall 9.0%
• Care leavers:– 59% EET and 21% ‘not known’ compared to overall 87% and 9%
• Ethnicity:– NEET % varies across different groups, but young people from
‘mixed race – white and black Caribbean’ backgrounds are much more likely to become NEET (7.9%)
NEET characteristics (London)
CCIS, March 2013 16-18 age group
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London’s most vulnerable
Eligibl
e for F
SM
Work
less hou
seho
ld at 14
In low edu
catio
n house
hold at 1
4
Lone
parent
house
hold
Live in
socia
l hous
ing
Exper
ience fa
mily br
eakdow
n0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
National average London
%
Source: The educational and occupational experiences of London’s youth, Duckworth, IOE 2012
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High student mobility
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Participation and employment20.5% (just under 1 million
young people aged 16-24) are unemployed in the UK
An even higher rate of unemployment for London –
21.8% (102,089 young people)
London is highly competitive with 5.2 million working age living in
the city and an international workforce
London employers are less likely to recruit a school or college leaver than rest of
the UK
www.londoncouncils.gov.uk
So what…..?
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If we do nothing…
• Each young person aged 16 to 18 and NEET is estimated to cost the economy £56,000 over the course of their lifetime
• Estimated public finance costs (benefits, reduced tax yields) of 16 to18 NEET range from £12bn to £32bn
• Estimated resource costs (unemployment, under achievement) of 16 to18 NEET range from £22bn to a staggering £77bn
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More than participation
Participation
Attainment
Progression