12
' , . - - ' r ... , ,- , . • i .i l .{ f11 c l. 1t e: ri cr ;::;id r ,· ; ·t. i c1 l, , . I F. c c-, i s c ( · c i [ : i s , · i G l · r c: c c s - 1 '"'- '8nl:oL ·y- k..: OL1i tn&tion t:= uL 1 See i nstruc t ions in How to Com pl ete Na tiona l Regi ster Form s T yp e all e ntr ies- complete applic ab l: ___ __ ___ ______ _ 1. r ...! an1 e F c..rll.\",· I ECltVl.: d da te en :o ed ·------- -- -- -- - - historic _Krug 1 ron \·:0 rk s (pr e ferre d) and or common G. Krug & So n, Jn c. 2. Loca ti on __ not for publi ca tion - -- -- - - str eet & num _b_e_r __ 415_ \·: es.LSara to_ga St r e et _ city. town ____ Ba l t_i mo_re _ {_ ci t _y_} _ t\/ A vicini ty of ___ I_l'!..i'!:<L state Ma r vl and co de 24 cou nty Balti mo re ( in de pendent code 5 10 3. Cl ass ification St a tus x_ o cc upied __ uno c cupie d c ity) Present Use _ museu m __ par k Cat ego ry district building( s) --- structure __ object O wn e rshi p public _ _ both Pub lic Acq ui si ti on _ _ in process _ work in progres s Acc ess ible __ agriculture commercia l __ educa tional __ entertainment __ governmen t _x_ industrial _ mili tary _ _ private re sid ence _ _ religious __ being con sidered N/A _x yes: res tricted _ yes: unr e stricted __ no 4. OvJne r of Propert y name --- s tr eet & numbe r city, town G. Krug & So n , Inc. Theodore Krug 415 We st Sara t oga St r ee t Ba lt i more _ vicinity of 5. Locat i on of Lega l Descr i [ltio n courthouse , re gistry of deeds . Ci ty Cou r thous.=_ _ _ str e et & numbe r 200 S t. Pa ul St r e e t city, town Bal t i mor e _ _ scien tific __ tran s port ation o ther : -------·--- -- - state Ma ry land s tate Ma ryl a nd 6. Representat i on in EJds ting Survey s Histo ri c al Tr us t title Hi s toric Si t e s I nv en to ry -- has th is p r op erty be en de termin ed etegible? x yes no ___ _ __ x l oc al de pos itory for survey records Mary la nd His to ri ca l Tr u st city, town Ann a po lis --- - -------- - state

r ,· ; ·t. i l, , . c c-, s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s r c c s 1 ... · I F. c c-, -i s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s ~ , ~ · i G l · r c: c c s 1'"'-'8 nl:oL·y- k..: ... a chimney with

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Page 1: r ,· ; ·t. i l, , . c c-, s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s r c c s 1 ... · I F. c c-, -i s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s ~ , ~ · i G l · r c: c c s 1'"'-'8 nl:oL·y- k..: ... a chimney with

' , . --' r

... , ,- , ~ . • i .i l .{ f11 c l.1t e: ri c r ~ rva tio n ;::;id • c r ~? ti on ~Er\! ic e

r ,· ; ·t. i c1 l, , . I F. c c-, i s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s ~ , ~ · i G l · r c: c c s -1'"'-' 8 nl:o L·y- k..: OL1i tn &t io n t:= u L 1

See instruct ions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries- complete applicab l: ~_e_c_t_io_n_s ___ _____ ______ _

1. r...! an1e

Fc..rll.\",·

I ECltVl.:d

date en:o ed

·------- - - --- - - -historic _Kr ug 1 r o n \·:0 rks (pre ferred)

and or common G. Krug & So n, Jnc .

2. Loc a tion

__ not for p ublication - ---- - -str ee t & num_b_e_r __ 415_ \·:es.LSarato_ga St r e et _

city. town ____ Ba l t_i mo_re _ {_ci t _y_} _ t\/A vicini ty of congrcs s~on~t~i s t rict ___ I_l'!..i'!:<L

s ta te Ma r vl a n d code 24 county Baltimo r e ( independent code 5 10

3. Cla ss ification Sta tus

x_ occ upied __ unoccupied

c ity)

Present Us e _ museum

__ park

Ca tego ry district

~ building(s) --- structure ~ site

__ object

Own e rshi p public

~ private _ _ both Public Acqui sitio n _ _ in process

_ work in progress Accessible

__ agriculture ~ commercial __ educational __ entertainment __ government _x_ industrial _ mili tary

_ _ private residence _ _ religious

__ being cons idered

N/A

_x yes: res tricted _ yes: unrestricted __ no

4. OvJner of Property

name ---

s tr eet & number

city, town

G. Krug & So n , Inc. Theodore Krug

415 We st Sara t oga S t r eet

Ba lt i more _ vicinity of

5 . Location of Legal Descri[ltion

courthouse, registry of deeds . etc~altimore City Cou r thous.=_ _ _

street & number 200 S t. Pa ul St r e e t

city, town Bal t i mo r e

_ _ scientific __ trans porta tion

other:

-------·----- -

state Ma r y land

----------~-

s tate Maryla nd

6 . Representat ion in EJdsting Surveys }~ryland Historic al Tr us t

title Hi s toric Si t e s I nven to ry ~----_.:..::..:::....:;...~ -- has this p roperty been determined e tegible ? x yes no

~-·-e ___ _ l_~o_v_e_m_b_e_r~,_1_9_8_0 __ ~~------------~=~~deral -- ~ate ~ county x local

de pos itory fo r survey records Mary l a nd His t orica l Tru st ·~-~-~-=-==-::..::....::..:::..=..-~--~-~~~~-

city, town Ann a polis ~~-------·---- --~ ----

~laryl c.: nd -------- -

state

Page 2: r ,· ; ·t. i l, , . c c-, s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s r c c s 1 ... · I F. c c-, -i s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s ~ , ~ · i G l · r c: c c s 1'"'-'8 nl:oL·y- k..: ... a chimney with

7. e~cri tion

Condi tion excellent

_ go o d _fair

Chec k one dctcrioraled _ unallc • ed ruins _ :>:;_ altered une xposed

Check one '\ orig;r :I si te

moved date

Descr ibe the presen t and original (if known) physi cal a ppear a nce

DESCRlPTlO~ Sl''.·clARY

B - t o 3 8

The G. Krug Iron Works is locat ed a t 4 15 ~Ps t Sa r a t oga Str e e t, in the h ear t of do\..·nto\..·n Ba ltimore , ~:aryl and . The lot o n "'hi c h the businC>ss is located is bound e d by Jasper Street o n the east, by Welsh Al l e y on the wes t , a nd a combi nation access road - pa rking area to the south . The front f acade of the bus ine s s fronts Wes t Sa~at~ga Stree t and.rises in configuration slight l~ from Pas t Lo wes t . The pres e n t building compl e x which.now houses the company office and actua l operating ironworkE consists of three sections : 1) a two story tall , gable roofed building dating from the first quart er of the nineteenth century , which houses the ea rli e st shop, locatei a t the northeas t corner o f the lot ; 2) a four story tal l Victori a n building ~hich houses a business office on the first f l oo r an d storage rooms o n the uppe r floors, situated on the northwes t corner of the lot; and 3) a three story tall shed roofed addition dating from 1870-1880 , located at the southeast cor ne r of the lot, ~h ich houses the expanded shop , and a smaller two story shed roofed addition , which also houses portions of the expanded shop facil ity.

DESCRlPTlON

Section number 1: This common bond (5/1) brick struc ture is two stories tal l, two bays wide, and fou r bays deep . On the first floor , two paired 6/6 double-hung sash windows have b een inserted at the northeast corner. Also two modern iron doorf, each with six panes of glass in their upper portions , have b een inserted between thl bays . A h istoric photograph , dating f rom a f te r 1849, in the coll ecti o n of the company , clearly shows the original front door configuration . Although the door itself is not vi sible, the ope ning was simply trea ted , and was s u rmo unted by a three-light transom. The original opening terminated at a poin t l eve l to the ex i s t ing windows . Di r ec tly to the right of the doors , a t the northwest corner , an original 12/12 double hung sash window can be found. Wr ought iron barred window guards now protect the bottom sashes of all fi rst floor windows . Between the first and second stories of this , as well as section f/2 , a large painted sign r eading " Ornamental Misc . Metal Work, G. Krug & Son , Welding a nd Repa ir, Custom Meta l Work" is found . On the second floor two original 12/ 12 windows with wooden sills and lintels and corbeled brick cornice provide an indication of how the original f enestration was placed . A single small dormer (with a window with six panes in t he upper sash , four panes i n the lowe r sash) is cen trally placed on the roof , ~hich appears to be me ta: painted black .

On the east gable facade , the building is four bays deep . \..'indovs on the firs· floo r are 6/6, with wooden sills and brick soldjer courses for lintels and mos t probably mid-nineteenth century repla cements . As with the windows on the main fa ca de these are also protected by barred window gua rds . A thin 4" Yide wooden strip running across all four bays separates the first from the second fl oors . ~indow: on the second floo r are 12/12 with wooden s ills and lintels . At the peak, paired 12/9 windows provide light to the interior . Lastly , a small 9/6 window has been inserted i n the b rick ed- in area which now exists b etween the origina l r ea r gab le roof slope of this building , and section 03.

Page 3: r ,· ; ·t. i l, , . c c-, s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s r c c s 1 ... · I F. c c-, -i s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s ~ , ~ · i G l · r c: c c s 1'"'-'8 nl:oL·y- k..: ... a chimney with

n<P ~JOO fl 1- 71)

Unite d Ste t e s Dr partment o f the l nte r i < r [ : eritage C cnservat i o n dnd l"lec r c:a ti o n $, 1 v i c e

~ ~t iona l Re nvento y-

Continuat ion sheet

Krug Iron Works

ister of [ .. ~is ·~o~·ic l omination t=or

Item number

Bal timo re (city ), Mary] a nd

DESCRIPTION (Continued)

B l 0 38

For HCR S use only

received

date entered i L

7 Page 1

Section numbe r 2 : This fou r story Lall , two bay wide by two bay deep s tructure originally began as an ea rly ninet eenth century residence , and was not associa ted with the ironworks unti l l ater in the business ' s hi s tory. Architectural e vidence indicates tha t this building may possibly have predated section fi l and was certainly originally a two story , gable roofed structure . ( Inf ormation provided l ater, describing this section ' s interior help s ubst ant iate thisJ This structure is also constructed of brick, but is laid in Flemish bond o n the first two stories of the main (nor th) fa cade , a nd all stretcher bond above . On the front fa cade , all windows are aligned and are 6/6 with splayed lintels and plain wooden sills. Above the fourth story windows , projecting rows o f bricks define a plain architrave a nd frieze which in turn supports a n ornat e painted wooden bracketed cornice .

On the west facade , three windows in various locations can be found . All J1 3ve been bloc ked from the interior . On the se~ond floor , the wal l is blank in the fir s t )ay , but has a modern window which lights a bathroom in the second. On the third and fourth floors, windows are aligne d , and identical, but sri:alle r i n s ize than those found on the front facade .

Section number 3 : (This section consists of two buildings of different sizes , and will be described as the southeast and southwest sections .)

Southeast section: This three story tal l building , added to the rear of Section #1 , was built to house the expanding shop operation, s team engine, an d powe r t ools , during the 1870-1880 period . On the eas t facade , the building is five bays wide , with each bay division delineated by projecting buttresses which terminate in a corbeled brick cornice. From the southeast corne r , all windows in the firs t , third , fourt h and fif th bays are aligned , are 6/6 double hung sash , and have stone sills and segmental lintels . As with other windows in sections#} and 2 , first floo r windows are also protec t ed by b arred window guards . In the second bay, access is gained into the firs t floo r interior through a pair of metal fire doors , whose transom is surmounted and protected by curved metal bars. On the second floor, a pair of French doors , whc::Elower third are also protected by a metal railing , allow access into the second floo r . These doors have glass in thei r upper portions, to allow li ght into the second floo r of the structure . This opening is ar ticulated by a proj ecting sill and segmental lintel . On the third 1loor , double doors similar to those one floor below offer access into this section of the s h op . A h eavy hoist which projec ts 2-3 feet over the sidewalk below , is placed direc tly ove r the double doors.

On the south facade, much of the fenestration on the first and second floors has been covered by a modern application of concrete . A black anvil-shaped advert i sing sign has been placed between floors . A small window (covered) on the fi r st fl oo r ' s southeast corner , and 6/6 window on the second floo r ' s southeast corner , r ema in . On the third floor , all three 6/6 windows remain, protected under plywood panels . These windows have plain brick sills and flat arches. At the southwest corner of the building, a chimney with encircling band of cement , pierces the roof .

Page 4: r ,· ; ·t. i l, , . c c-, s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s r c c s 1 ... · I F. c c-, -i s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s ~ , ~ · i G l · r c: c c s 1'"'-'8 nl:oL·y- k..: ... a chimney with

rH " ~ -300 (1 I I )

U n ited States D~p:Htmcn t o f the In t erio r r--:cr it? ge C onservation a nd Recrc; lion Sc rvi •,e

a tional Register of C .. ~is\:oric L~ ; aces nventory-r ominati on C:orm

Continuation sheet Item number

Krug I rem Works Baltimore (ci ty), Ma ryland

DESCRIPTION (Continue d)

7

B IU HS

For HCRS u~e on ly

received

date entered I . L

Page 2

Southwest section : This two story tal l brick structure appears to have b een constructed a t approximately the same time as the southeast section , a lthough no t in such a sturdy and heavy manne r . On the south facade , the original location of fenestration has b een all but obliterated through the application of a concrete patch o n the first floor , and insertion of a grouping of 20th century industrial windows o n the second floor . One i mportant "survival" do e s exis t on the firs t floor l evel, sou thwest corner. Here , one of the firms ornamental iron gates can be found .

The west faca de of this sec tion is five bays long . Windows are identical in bays one , thre e , four a nd five , from the southwest corner . On the first floor , the 6/6 windows with stone sills and segmental brick lintels are completely protected by iron guards . A series of diamond shaped tie-rod bolts are found direct ly above the firs t floor level , an d delineate the interior floo r level o f this structure . On the · econd floor, all windows are aligned. Windows and decorative treatment are identical , ~xcept for the window at the northwest corner, which has been replaced . Within the second bay , double doors on firs t and second floor levels were provided for mov ing stock , h eavy machinery , and other products into this area of the business . A l1ois t , identical to that found in the southeast section, is located above the second floor double doors. Also , like its counterpart, this facade is terminated with a corbeled brick cornice .

INTERIOR DESCRIPTION

Section number 1: This sect ion of the operation from \~est Fayette Street is entered f rom the pair of modern double doors . Turning to the right, one steps up to a moder n iron landing , which leads through another modern door into section #2 which now serves as the business office . From the landing , one may also turn lef t and walk up the modern iron stairs to the second floor .

On the workroom floor , a number of varied pieces of equipment and work tables are found . Portable weights and a scale are found near the landing . A large combination punch and shear machine, manufactured by the Long and Allstater Company of Hamilton , Ohio , and purchased by the company in 1888 sits in the center of the room. Company records contain numerous correspondence regarding the purchase of this piece of equip~ent . Other c utting equipment is found in various locations in the room . A series of cabinets a long a l arge wor~ing surf ace on the east ~all exhibits a wide variety of the company ' s products . Wrought iron hinges of all sizes and shapes can be found on the doors of one cabinet. Cas t iron locks of a great variety are also found here . A second cabinet, for example also exhibits wrought iron door pulls, Norfolk and Suffolk latches , and slide b olts for door s . Die blocks, punches , and tools for various machines are placed on the work surface below the cabinets . Be l o w the work shelf , many cabinets contain swage blocks (perforated iron blocks with grooved sides used in heading bolts and swaging it by hand ) .

SEE COl\THaJATlON SHEET /1 3

Page 5: r ,· ; ·t. i l, , . c c-, s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s r c c s 1 ... · I F. c c-, -i s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s ~ , ~ · i G l · r c: c c s 1'"'-'8 nl:oL·y- k..: ... a chimney with

U n it e d S t a t e s Depart m e nt o f the I n t e ri o r H e rit a ge C on ser va tio n a nd Recrea t io n Servic e

B- J 0 38

at ional Regisier o f t~ i stok· ic ~Ji l aces Inve ntory-Nomination Foi"m

Continuation sheet Item number

Kr ug I ron Works Bal t i more (city), Maryla nd

INTERIOR DESCRIPTION (Con t inue d)

7

For HCRS use only

• received

d ate entered !

t Page 3

This r oom is open to the south and west, to allow a c c ess into section #3 of the building , into which this orig i nal s hop expa nded in the pe riod after 1850.

The second floor of this building is used f or heavier fabrication of l a r ge r it ems . Above this a small attic r oom conta ins an exte nsive collection of wooden forms a nd patterns for many items ma nuf ac tured during the ninetee nth century . This s mall room contains literally hundreds of examples of the company's wares .

Section 2 : Entering this section of the business from a door at the northeast corner, one enters what is now used as a business office and a display for the wa r e s of the ironworks - fences and decorative metal panels, to name a few . Little of the Federal de tailing remains, although bits do exist in the stairway and on the s econd floor . Notable features here include the businesses nineteenth century work de sk, situated in the northeast corner , and a pair ·Of decorated marble mantels with cartouche s located on the east wal l. These mantels give an indication of the major rebuilding of this section of the operation , which took place c . 1870. This section also contains Victorian elements , including a raised four panel door in the southeast corner and a set of pine drawers with ornate pulls, located between the firep l aces. Thes e house an extensive collection of pla ns and photographs of the firm ' s work , mostly for the period 1880-1910 . Overhead, the ceiling is fini s hed with pressed me tal. In the southeast corner of the room , a tightwinder stair leads to the rooms above .

from the stairway, which exhibits a fine plain Federal stair highlighted by a t urne d newel post and square balusters , one e nters through a finely carved six panel door into what originally was a parlor or bedroom . Although now used to store spare parts, punches, rivets and locks in a series of metal cabinets , bits of the original detailing can be seen. Doors appear original , as do mantels located on the north and east walls which were obscured by stored materials . Interior window shutters were also intact. A six panel door on the south wall leads into section #3.

From the original stairway , one walks up to the third and fourth floors . These contain standard Victorian four panel doors with cast iron box locks with porcelain handles, and e xtreMely plain wooden mantels, with at least one e xhibiting a four center (pointed) Gothic arch. Rooms h ere were also used as storage are as .

Section number 3 , southwest section: The first f loor of this section is the continuation of the original shop , section #1 . This also contains larger machine ry , inc luding hand shears and mechanical punches . Work tables are also interspe r ced around this room. Wood en fly wheels pate nte d Mar . 9, 1980 and iron transmission r ods are located in various places in the ceiling . According to the present owner, a ste~m engi ne was located s omewhere along the rear (south) wall , and powere d muc h of the equipment in the nineteenth century . To the west , one walks directly into the second portion of this rear section , which is also used as a fabricating are a .

SEE CONTINUATION SHEET µ4

Page 6: r ,· ; ·t. i l, , . c c-, s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s r c c s 1 ... · I F. c c-, -i s ·~ c ( · c i [ : i s ~ , ~ · i G l · r c: c c s 1'"'-'8 nl:oL·y- k..: ... a chimney with

United Sta t e s D e p a rtment o f the 11\te r i o r [ : e rita ge C o n s e t vat ion and Recreation S e rvice

it ion a I e gist er of I-~ is~ o Q· i f.. L t · c e s Cnventory-Nomination · or•

Continuation sheet Item numw r

Krug Iron 1-:orks Baltimore (c ity) , Maryland

INTERIOR DESCRIPTION (Continued)

B- I 0 38

For HCRS use only

received

d ate en te red

7 Page 4

The s econd floor of this section is also used for fabricationg o f larger me t al i t ems , and for storage of iron and steel stock .

The third floor contains an impressive array of discarded equi pment and examples of this iron work ' s produc t s , a s well as a colJection of notable cas t and wrought iron from other companies . Equipment includes two varieties of hand fo r ges , specialized anvils , threading machines , nibbing ma chines , and template guides . Stored examples of manufactured items included iron f encing and railing , ba l conies, cresting , finials and railing . One notable piece of ca st iron includes a circular decorative tree guard , approximately four feet tall .

Section number 3, southeas t section: As previously stated , the first floo r of this section was used as a fabricatiing area . The second floor here was also used as a storage ~rea for discarded machiner y and stock .

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P t riod prehistoric 1400-1499 1500-1599 1600-1699 1700-1799

.x_ 1800-1899 -2L 1900-

Spe c ific dates

A rc<ls o f Signi fi cance - Check and j us tify be low archeology-prehi storic community planning landscape architec ture archeology-hi storic __ conservation law

__ agriculture __ economics literatu re __ architecture _ _ education __ military __ art __ engineering __ music

commerce _ _ exploration 'settlement _ philosoph y _ communications _x_ industry politics government

__ invention

J8.1 0 to presen t Bui ld e r Arc_h_i_t_e_c_t _ unknoi.m ___ _

Sta t e ment o f Sig nifica nce (in one p ar agraph ) Applicable Cri teria : A

re lig ion _ scknt c

scu lph.re __ social/

humanit<Hian _ _ theater _ _ t ransportat ivn __ other (si:" r' fy)

The Krug Iron Works is s ignificant a s a unjque su rvival of over a century a nd a half of meta Jworking in Baltimore and for its hi storic role as ~anufacturer of muc h o f the city ' s decora tive ironwork . Begun in 1810 as a blacksmith ' s s hop , it ha s occupied the same s ite and a s imilar scale despite dramatic technological and organizational change in indus try. The quality and variety of its iron grills , railings, and other archit ectura l elements may be seen on buildings throughout the city .

nlSTORY AND SUPPORT

In 1810 t he blacksmi th shop at Saratoga Stree t a nd Shor t Alley was the workplace of Augus tus Schwa tke , one of numerous blacksmiths in the city. Blacksmiths were almost as plentiful as butchers or tailors in early nineteenth century Baltimore •¥here they provided all meta l parts for domestic , commerc ial a nd industrial uses . · ~verything from horseshoes a nd wagonwheels to nails a nd fences were the products of local blacksmiths . Schwatke was an inunigrant ·Pole or Czech and no one knows exac tly what type of products he ma de . Chances are that his major customers were locat ed in the i mmediate neighborhood, an area centered on the Lexington Market . It is likely tha t the but che rs , drovers and liverymen nearby were his most fr equent clients . Schwatke had previously b een located on Lexington Stree t in Old Town in 1804 . When he moved to Sara toga and Short Al l ey , the site of present-day Krug & Sons , he was probably anticipat i ng the general westward growth of the city . In a ny case he established the s ite as an ironworking shop which it has remained until the present .

In 1830 Andrew Merker bought the shop from Catherina and John Schwatka (sic) who ~ere probably Augustus ' children . Merker was a German i mmigran t from Alsace who is recorded in the records of the Old Otterbein Church b eginning about 1840 . In 1858 he hired Gustav Krug to help h im in the shop .

Krug ' s arrival in Baltimore coincided with the beginning of l arge-scale German i mmi gration to the city. The influx of Germans r adically changed the nature of the ci ty ' s cultural and archi tectural character . In architec t ural ornament the i mpac t was large and the firm of Merker and Krug a nd later G. Krug and Sons played a n important part . T~e Germans excelled a t ironrnaking and their i mm i gration here wa s a classic e xample of t echnological and aes thetic change by geographic diffusion . Tne great influx brought craf t smen like Merker and Krug but also brought the thousands of their countrymen who would provide a ma rket for their ~ares . The taste for heavy ornamental ironw.ork (which we label as "Victorian" ) r eally owes much of its popula ri ty to the German influence on popular culture during the middle and late nineteenth ·en tury . Krug i rrnnedia tely began to specialize in archi t ec tural decora tion . l·ierker

had concentrated on church bells , but by the 1860s the firm had become preeminent i n the manufac ture of " iron fence railings " and grills . Th·e Krug drawings and records a t the Maryland Historical Society show the incredible variety of forms th~t the

SEE CONTI!\TTATION SHE.ET f:5

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FH"~)()() 11 1 71 1

Unite d Sta t es D e partme nt of the Interior [ eritage Conservation a nd Recreatio n S 0r v ice

· ~tiona l Regis er of r Hsforic l aces nventory-Nominatior1 t=or

Continuation sheet llem number

Krug Iron Wo rks Baltimore (c ity ), Maryland

HISTORY AND SUPPORT

8

P,-\(l\1)

For HCRS use only

received

date entered I I

Page 5

company made . Their decoration was used on nume ro11s Baltimore landmarks including the ornate Johns Hopkins Hospital , the University Club , the Mercantile Trust Building and the Baltimore Zoo . The firm also shipped its work to other eastern and southern states outside of Maryland , achieving a regional r e putation as well .

The Krug output is a fascinating record of the impact of changing meta lworking technology on artistic form . The firm used a combination of wrought and cast iron to achieve spec tacuJar effects . Ancient and medieva l ironwork was almos t all made from wrought iron whethe r the pattern was floral or geome tric . Floral patterns and other naturaljstic subjects were difficult to achieve in wrought iron, however , and cast pieces began to play an increasing part in more elaborate designs . The Krugs depended on the Bartlet t and Ha)'\..iard foundry to supply the cast rosettes and finials of ma ny patt erns .

The use of cast iron elements and the addition of steam-powered machinery to the shop lowered the cos t of Krug's products and made them available to a wider market . Sometime around the Civil War a steam engine was purchased to run dril l presses , shears and saws . In 1888 a large punch press (still in use) was added . In this way n ew techniques could be used to increase efficiency and production.

The Krug Company still persists , adding whatever new t echniques are adaptable to their purposes . The business is run today by Theodore Krug and his son Steven , direct descendants of Gustav Krug . Host of the work at the small forge has b een repla ced by welding process and new , self-powered drill presses have replaced the old belt­driven ones . These changes , however , have been made within the context of the old custom s hop tradition preserving the overall scale and character of one of Baltimore ' s most unique indus trial establishments .

Metalworking industries were critical in Baltimore ' s transformation from a commercial to an industrial city. The replacement of handicrafts by machine production depended largely in the abilities of blacksmiths , brass founders and other metalworkers to build machines . The city ' s me tal craftsmen comprised a pool of skills and knowledge which entrepreneurs relied upon to increareproduction .

The Krug and Sons Ironworks is significant as a unique survival of over a century and a half of me talworking and for its historic role as manufacturer of much of the city ' s decorative ironwork . Begun in 1810 as a blacksmith ' s shop, it has occupied the same site and a similar scale despite dramatic technological and organizational change in industry . The quality and variety of its iron gri lls, railings and other architectural elements may be seen on buildings throughout the city. The character of many of these is also an example of the influence of Gerrr.an immigrant craftsmen on the city ' s materia l culture .

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United c."'t. \cs Ol: 01 ~ .l... n t o f the I nterior ( .eritase Conserva tion a nd Recrea tio n S e a vic e

a \:iona l Reg isi:er of C "istor ic l iaces Inventory- omination f.'or1n

Continuation sheet Item number

Kr ug Iron Works Baltimore (city) , Maryl and

.MAJOR BlBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

Query and Vertica l Files , Enoch Pratt Library

B-1038

For HCRS use only

received

d ate entered

9 Page

Barker , Ellen L. "G . Krug Es Son , Makers of Artistic Wrough t Iron Work", Maryland Historic Magazine , Vol . 64 , p . 120

6

Reinsburg , Alber t E. "Links to the Past : Three Outstanding Companies i n Baltimore ," (unpublished manuscript) .

Swank , James M. History of the Manufacture of Iron In All Ages . Philadelphia : The American Iron and Steel Association, 1892 .

Kauffman , Henry J . Early American Ironware , Cast and Wrought . Rutland , VT : Charles Tut t le Company

Maryland Historical Trust Historic Sites Inventory: Dennis Zembala and Mark R. Edwards , surveyors .

Baltimore (city ) (B-1038) . Annapolis , Maryland

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SEE CONTlNUATIO:~ SHEET f·l

- - ---- - ---------------- ·--1 o. eogra h i ca l Dat a

ac re Acreage of nominated pr operty ~s~than one Ba l timor e Eas t

Quadrangle name _ - --- -- Quadrangle scale _ ! : 24 • 000

UMT References

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I I I Easting

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V e rba l bounda ry d e scripti o n and jus tifica tion The property is bound ed by Saratoga Stree t on the north, J asper Stree t on the eas t , Welsh All ey on the wes t, and an acce s s r oad on the south .

Lis t a ll s t a t e s and c o unties for prope rti e s ove rla pping s t a t e or c ounty bound a ries

state N/A code county code -- --~-----------~ state code county code

11 . ~orm Prepared B y

nameftitle

organization

s tr eet & number

c ity or town

Dennis Zembala and Baltimore I ndus­trial Museum

217 N, Charl es St .

Baltimore

Hark R. Edwards Ma r yland HIS torica Trust date

21 St a t e Circl e

November 1980

telephone 301-396-1931 3.QJ-2 69-24 38 ----

Annapolis state Maryland

12. State Historic Preservation Officer Certification The evaluated signif icance of this property v1i thin the state i s :

__ national __ state _:__ local

As the d esignated State His toric Pre servation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), 1 hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and cert ify that it has been evaluated according to t he criteria. and pr.oced~res set forth by the Heritage Conservation an~ ~,4/tion Service.

State Historic Preservat ion Officer signature ..4!.1711'1- _f -/ 7-/ 2-

t itle STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER c date ---For HCRS use only

I hereby certi fy that this property is inc luded in the National Register

date

Keeper of the National Register

Attest: ~:.::..:.:..:.:..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~-~ - -date

Ch ief of Regis tration

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