R91279 -- TO Zoo Biogas ESDM Sep24 akm · 2016. 1. 13. · Particulate ‐ 1.36E‐01 AERMOD 9.9 24 120 Visibility Schedule 3 8% Ammonia 7664‐41‐7 1.87E‐05 AERMOD 0.04 24 100

Draft Report: Emission Summary and Dispersion Modelling Toronto Zoo Biogas Project for Riepma Consultants Inc. Date: October 2, 2013

Report No. 91279

ESDM Report Toronto Zoo Biogas Project for Riepma Consultants Inc., Report #91279 | Page 2

Draft Report: Emission Summary and Dispersion Modelling Toronto Zoo Biogas Project for Riepma Consultants Inc. Contact Information:

Submitted to: Toronto Zoo Biogas Project c/o Clare Riepma Riepma Consultants Inc. 13041 Highway 7, Georgetown, Ontario L7G 4S4 Tel: (905) 877‐6751 E‐mail: [email protected] Prepared by: Peter Piersol, Senior Project Manager Compliance & Permitting ORTECH Consulting Inc. 804 Southdown Rd., Mississauga, Ontario L5J 2Y4 Tel: (905) 822‐4120, Ext. 545 Email: [email protected] Report No.: 91279 21 pages, 5 Attachments


Table of Contents Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 5

1. INTRODUCTION AND FACILITY DESCRIPTION ................................................................................. 7 1.1 Purpose and Scope of ESDM Report ................................................................................... 7 1.2 Description of Processes and NAICS Codes ........................................................................ 8

1.2.1 Digestion ................................................................................................................. 8 1.2.2 Biogas Production ................................................................................................... 9 1.2.3 Power Production .................................................................................................... 9 1.2.4 Operating Schedule ................................................................................................. 9 1.2.5 Auxiliary Services ..................................................................................................... 9

2. IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCES AND CONTAMINANTS .................................................................. 11 2.1 Sources and Contaminants Identification Table ............................................................... 11

3. ASSESSMENT OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CONTAMINANTS AND SOURCES ................................... 12

4. OPERATING CONDITIONS, EMISSION ESTIMATING AND DATA QUALITY ..................................... 13 4.1 Operating Conditions for Significant Contaminants ......................................................... 13 4.2 Methods Used to Calculate the Emission contaminant Rates ......................................... 13 4.3 Emission Rates Estimates .................................................................................................. 13 4.4 Assessment of Data Quality for Each Emission Rate ........................................................ 13 4.5 Scenarios for Dispersion Modelling .................................................................................. 14

5. SOURCE SUMMARY TABLE AND SITE PLAN .................................................................................. 14 5.1 Source Summary Table ..................................................................................................... 14 5.2 Site Plan and Facility Location .......................................................................................... 14

6. DISPERSION MODELLING .............................................................................................................. 18 6.1 Dispersion Modelling Input ............................................................................................... 18

6.1.1 Meteorology and Land Use ................................................................................... 19 6.1.2 Receptor Grid ........................................................................................................ 19

6.2 Land Use Zoning Designation Plan .................................................................................... 19 6.3 Dispersion Modelling Input and Output Files ................................................................... 19

7. EMISSION SUMMARY TABLE AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................ 20 7.1 Emission Summary Table .................................................................................................. 20 7.2 Assessment of Contaminants with no MOE POI Limit ...................................................... 20 7.3 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 20


Table of Contents Page Table 1 Emission Summary Table .......................................................................................................... 6 Table 2 Sources and Contaminants Identification Table ..................................................................... 11 Table 3 Toronto Zoo Biogas Source Summary Table ........................................................................... 16 Table 4 Dispersion Modelling Input Summary Table .......................................................................... 18 Figure 1 Toronto Zoo Biogas Facility Process Flow Diagram ................................................................ 10 Figure 2 Toronto Zoo Biogas Facility Location ...................................................................................... 15 Figure 3 Toronto Zoo Biogas Site Plan .................................................................................................. 17 ATTACHMENT A Articles of Incorporation ATTACHMENT B Emission Calculations ATTACHMENT C Municipal Maps ATTACHMENT D Dust Management Plan Outline ATTACHMENT E Air Dispersion Information and Electronic Files


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Emissions Summary and Dispersion Modelling (ESDM) report is for the Toronto Zoo Biogas Project to be located east of Meadowvale Rd on the Toronto Zoo property, in Toronto Ontario as part of the Renewable Energy Approval submission. Since the biogas facility is a Schedule 5 target industry under the Air pollution – Local Air Quality Regulation (O. Reg 419/05), advanced air dispersion modelling with comparison to O.Reg 419/05 Schedule 3 air quality standards was undertaken. This ESDM Report was prepared in accordance with s.26 of O. Reg. 419/05, and with the guidance of the Ministry of the Environment publications “Procedure for Preparing an Emission Summary and Dispersion Modelling Report, Version 3.0 (March 2009)” and “Air Dispersion Modelling Guideline for Ontario, Version 2.0 (March 2009)”. The contaminant emission rates that have been estimated in this report are for operating scenarios related to standards averaging periods as per regulatory requirements. Due to the underlying assumptions used for these scenarios, the emission rates cannot be realistically extrapolated to other time periods and should not be used for such purposes. The Emission Summary Table (Table 1) shows all of the significant air contaminants from this operation; the maximum emission rate and maximum point‐of‐impingement (POI) concentration for each contaminant; the POI limit used to evaluate each contaminant and the maximum percent of the POI limit calculated by dispersion modelling. As shown in the Emission Summary Table, the maximum POI concentrations for all significant contaminants emitted from the Facility are less than the MOE POI limits.


Table 1: Emission Summary Table

Contaminant Name CAS #

Total Facility Max. Emission Rate

(g/s) Air Dispersion Model Used

Max. POI Concentration

(μg/m3)

Averaging Period (hours)

POI Limit (μg/m3)

Limiting Effect

Regulation Schedule # or Alternate

Maximum % of POI Limit

NOx 10102‐44‐0 6.13E‐01 AERMOD 150 24 200 Health Schedule 3 75%NOx 10102‐44‐0 6.13E‐01 AERMOD 298 1 400 Health Schedule 3 75%Carbon Monoxide 630‐08‐0 1.70E+00 AERMOD 1088 0.5 6,000 Health Schedule 3 18%Sulphur Dioxide 7446‐09‐5 5.33E‐01 AERMOD 28 24 275 Health &

Vegetation Schedule 3 10%

Sulphur Dioxide 7446‐09‐5 5.33E‐01 AERMOD 49 1 690 Health & Vegetation

Schedule 3 7%

Particulate ‐ 1.36E‐01 AERMOD 9.9 24 120 Visibility Schedule 3 8%Ammonia 7664‐41‐7 1.87E‐05 AERMOD 0.04 24 100 Health Schedule 3 0.04% Note: Meteorological outliers have been removed in accordance with the ADMGO. See section 6 for details.


1. INTRODUCTION AND FACILITY DESCRIPTION The Toronto Zoo Biogas Project (see Attachment A for legal name) retained ORTECH Environmental (ORTECH) to prepare an Air Emission Summary and Dispersion Modelling Report (ESDM) for a proposed anaerobic digester project to be located east of Meadowvale Road south of Zoo Road, in Toronto, Ontario. An ESDM report is part of the Toronto Zoo Biogas Project Renewable Energy Approval submission. Since the Toronto Zoo Biogas Project is a Schedule 5 target industry under the Air pollution – Local Air Quality Regulation (O.Reg. 419/05), advanced air dispersion modelling with comparison to O.Reg. 419/05 Schedule 3 air quality standards was undertaken. The Toronto Zoo Biogas Project proposes to construct and operate a Class 3 anaerobic digester with the capability to generate a total of 500 kW from the biogas produced. The Facility is a zoo animal manure and grocery organic waste treatment facility with recovery of biogas for energy generation. The digester will operate on zoo animal sourced materials from the adjacent Toronto zoo, and grocery organic waste such as discarded vegetable matter and fats, oils and grease (see the process flow diagram on Figure 1). The liquid digestate will be used by local farms as a nutrient rich fertilizer and the solid fraction of the digestate will be used as a soil amendment. The NAICS code for the Facility is 5622 – Waste Treatment and Disposal. This ESDM Report was prepared in accordance with s.26 of O. Reg. 419/05, and with the guidance of the Ministry of the Environment publication “Procedure for Preparing an Emission Summary and Dispersion Modelling Report, Version 3.0 (March 2009)” (The Procedure) and “Air Dispersion Modelling Guideline for Ontario, Version 2.0 (March 2009)” (ADMGO). 1.1 Purpose and Scope of ESDM Report The purpose of this ESDM report is to document that the proposed biogas facility will operate in compliance with the air quality requirements of O. Reg. 419/05. Additionally, since the Toronto Zoo Biogas Project facility is a target sector listed in Schedule 5 of O. Reg. 419/05 (Waste Treatment and Disposal, NAICS Code 5622) dispersion modelling was conducted using the AERMOD air dispersion model, and calculated air quality concentrations were compared against the standards listed in Schedule 3 of O. Reg. 419/05.


1.2 Description of the Facility, Processes and NAICS Codes As previously stated, the Facility is a zoo animal manure and grocery organic waste treatment facility with recovery of biogas for energy generation, with a NAICS code of 5622 – Waste Treatment and Disposal. The Facility includes: • A Main Building with offices, control room, electrical room, biogas engines and garage; • Solid zoo manure and grocery organics Receiving Tank; • Hydrolysis Tanks; • Pasturizing Tanks; • Digester; • Digestate Storage Tanks; • Biogas Flare; and • Solid Digestate separator pad. 1.2.1 Digestion Feedstocks: The feedstock to the digester will be zoo animal manure from the adjacent Toronto Zoo, and grocery organic waste such as discarded vegetable matter and fats, oils and greases. The solid manure from the Toronto Zoo will arrive by truck and will be dumped into the receiving tank and mixed with liquid manure and the grocery organic waste. It is projected that a total of 3,000 tonnes per year of zoo animal manure will be received and processed, and 12,000 tonnes per year of grocery organic waste will be received and processed. The feedstock will be transferred to a hydrolysis tank from the receiving tank and then a buffer tank prior to the digester. Should incoming materials require pasteurization, the material will be held at 50°C for 20 hours in the pasteurizer tank before being transferred to a buffer tank and eventually the digester. Digestion: Anaerobic digestion is the decomposition of organic materials in an oxygen free environment. As the feedstock material is heated to 38°C for a period of 30 to 70 days, biogas is produced. Biogas contains 55% to 70% methane and will be used as fuel for an engine to generate electricity and heat. On completion, the digestate passes through a separator where the solids and liquids are separated. The solids are placed on a concrete pad and will be used as a soil amendment product for local farms. The liquid digestate flows into the digestate storage vessel. The liquid digestate will be used as a nutrient rich fertilizer by local farms.


1.2.2 Biogas Production The digester and the liquid digestate storage vessels have headspaces in which the biogas is collected. The biogas is transferred into a gas collection bag by a compressor. It is projected that a maximum of 270 m3 per hour of biogas will be produced. Before compression and injection into the engine, the biogas is cooled, desulphurized and the moisture reduced. Should surplus or substandard biogas be produced a flare will burn this biogas. 1.2.3 Power Production The conditioned biogas will be used as fuel to generate electricity with a reciprocating piston engine. 1.2.4 Operating Schedule The Facility will operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Between 7:00 am and 10:00 pm, the Facility will be open for receiving zoo animal manure and grocery organic waste. Typically the biogas engine could operate for a maximum of 19 hours per day and the biogas flare could operate for a maximum of 6 hours per day. 1.2.5 Auxiliary Services Comfort heating will be provided by heat recovery of the biogas fueled engine and not from natural gas heating units. There will be a 20 kW emergency generator on‐site which will be fueled by diesel fuel.


Figure 1: Toronto Zoo Biogas Facility Process Flow Diagram

Biogas Flare

Solid Zoo Manure

Receiving Tank

Digester

Grocery OrganicsPasturizing

Tanks

Vent Filter

LiquidDigestate StorageSeparator

Pad

Biogas Collection

Biogas Treatment

Engine

Soil Amendment

Nutrient RichFertilizer

Pow er

HydrolysisTank

HydrolysisBuffer Tank

PasturizingBuffer Tank

Grocery Organics

Digestate Storage


2. IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCES AND CONTAMINANTS This section provides an identification of all the sources and contaminants emitted at the Facility. 2.1 Sources and Contaminants Identification Table A Sources and Contaminants Identification Table is presented in Table 2. Table 2: Sources and Contaminants Identification Table

Source ID Source Description General Location Contaminants Significant/Included in Modelling?

RT Receiving Tank Main Site Ammonia Significant: Modelled

HT, PT, D, DT Hydrolysis Tanks, Pasteurizing Tanks,

Digester, Digestate Tanks Main Site Biogas

Negligible: Tanks & Digester sealed & Biogas

collected, Good Housekeeping Practices

BF Flare Main Site

NOX

Significant: Modelled Particulate

SO2

CO

BE Engine Main Building

NOX

Significant: Modelled Particulate

SO2

CO

RD Road Dust Vehicle Traffic Areas Dust Negligible: Dust Management Plan

EG Emergency Generator Main Building NOX EASR Source Source RT ‐ Receiving Tank Solid zoo animal manure will be delivered by trucks and deposited in the receiving tank. The receiving tank will also receive the grocery organic waste where the solid material will be chopped and mixed with the liquid vegetable waste. The receiving tank will be sealed and equipped with a charcoal filter to control tank headspace emissions during filling. Any spills will be immediately attended following the facility good housekeeping practices. The hydrolysis tanks and pasteurization tanks are a closed system with no vents or open vessels. Ammonia may be released from the manure dumped into the receiving tank.


Sources HT, PT, D & DT ‐ Hydrolysis Tanks, Pasteuring Tanks, Digester & Digestate Tanks The hydrolysis tanks and pasteurization tanks are closed systems with no vents or open vessels. The digester will be sealed to prevent oxygen from entering the system and for the collection of biogas. The digestate tanks will also be sealed for the collection of biogas. There will be no fugitive releases of biogas from the digester or the digestate tanks Source BF ‐ Plant Flare The flare will burn excess biogas or poor quality biogas that cannot be used as fuel. The enclosed flare will be located north of the digester and digestate storage tanks with a height of 10 metres above grade. The flare will be capable of flaring the maximum biogas flow of 400 m3/h, or 150% of the biogas production capacity. It is anticipated that the flare will not operate continuously for 24‐hours, only for a maximum of 6 hours in a 24‐hour period. The contaminants discharged from the flare include products of biogas combustion such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate and sulphur dioxide. Sulphur dioxide emissions arise from the burning of the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in the biogas. Sources BE ‐ Reciprocating Engine One 500 kW reciprocating engine will use the treated biogas as fuel to generate electricity and heat. The engine will be located in the main site building. The biogas will be treated to remove moisture and hydrogen sulphide to less than 200 ppm prior to delivery to the engines. The emissions will include the products of combustion of biogas such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate and sulphur dioxide. Lesser amounts of sulphur dioxide will be released, as the biogas treatment removes H2S. Source RD ‐ Road Dust Material deposited on the roads and vehicle traffic areas of the site can result in dust releases if not properly managed. A Dust Management Plan will be developed and implemented to minimize road dust emissions. Source EG ‐ Emergency Generator A 20 kW emergency diesel generator will be installed on‐site which will emit nitrogen dioxide. As an emergency generator of less than 800 kW, this generator will be EASR registered. 3. ASSESSMENT OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CONTAMINANTS AND SOURCES The assessment of the significance of contaminants and sources is presented in Table 2.


4. OPERATING CONDITIONS, EMISSION ESTIMATING AND DATA QUALITY This section provides a description of the operating conditions used in the calculation of the emission estimates and of the data quality of the emission rate estimates for the zoo animal manure handling, the flare and the biogas fueled engine and the associated contaminants. 4.1 Operating Conditions for Significant Contaminants The operating conditions selected result in maximum emissions estimates for the facility sources. As the emission rates for all sources and contaminants are considered to be maximums, point‐of‐impingement (POI) concentrations resulting from their use will result in the maximum POI concentration that the Facility is reasonably capable of. 4.2 Methods Used to Calculate the Emission Contaminant Rates The ammonia emission rate for the zoo animal manure dumped into the receiving tank was based on a published emission factor for solid poultry manure heaps1. The biogas combustion emissions of the flare were based on emission factors from a feasibility study of biogas facilities in British Columbia2. The biogas combustion carbon monoxide and emissions of the reciprocating engines were based on emission factors from a study by the California Energy Commission (CEC) dated 2006 described in a paper by Hower and Chianese3. Sulphur dioxide emissions were based on a mass balance method for sulphur. The nitrogen dioxide and particulate emissions were based on the stationary off‐road engine Tier 2 and 3 limits. 4.3 Emission Rates Estimates Details of the calculations for the emission rates from the manure handling at the receiving tank, the flare and biogas fueled engine can be found in Attachment B. 4.4 Assessment of Data Quality for Each Emission Rate The ammonia emission rates for the zoo animal manure were based on a maximum published emission factor presented in a review of livestock emission studies. Since this review stated that the methodologies for development of the livestock emissions were not described adequately and that emissions could vary depending on the farming practices, the quality of the ammonia emissions is considered Uncertain.

1 T.H.Misselbrook et al, “Ammonia emission factors for UK agriculture”, Table 1, page 873, Atmospheric Environment 34(2000) 871-880 2 Electrigaz, :Feasibility Study – Biogas upgrading and grid injection in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia”, Table 13, for B.C. Innovation Council, June 2008, www.lifesciencesbc.ca/files/feasibility studies biogas.pdf 3 J. Hower & D.S. Chianese, “Digester Gas Combustion” ENVIRON International Corp.


The biogas flare emission factors of the BC study are considered Average. The biogas reciprocating engine emission factors of the California study and from the Tier 2 and 3 limits are considered Average. The sulphur dioxide emissions based on the mass balance method are considered Average. 4.5 Scenarios for Dispersion Modelling Since surplus gas will be flared when the engines are running, a maximum scenario of both the biogas fueled engine and the flare operating simultaneously was selected to be conservative. Although the engine will typically not operate 24‐hours per day and the flare will operate infrequently at a maximum of 6 hours per day, the 24‐hour modelling scenario assumed the engine and the flare would operate 24‐hours per day at the 1‐hour maximum contaminant emission rates. Since the calculated 24‐hour POIs were in compliance for this unrealistic maximum scenario, the actual maximum operating scenario would be less and also in compliance. Ammonia emissions were modelled for the receiving of zoo animal manure at the receiving tank. 5. SOURCE SUMMARY TABLE AND SITE PLAN 5.1 Source Summary Table The contaminant emissions and source parameters for the zoo animal manure handling at the receiving tank, the flare and the engine are listed in the Source Summary Table (Table 3). 5.2 Site Plan and Facility Location A figure showing the site and surrounding area is provided in Figure 2. The facility will be located on the east side of Meadowvale Road, south of the access road to the former Beare Road land fill site, and is described as Lot 4, Concession 3, Scarborough. The land is currently part of the Toronto Zoo composting operation. The area of the Facility and the surrounding area is zoned Parks and Open Space. To the south and south‐west there are residential zoned areas. City of Toronto municipal maps are included in Attachment C. A site plan of the main building and process equipment is included in Figure 3. The Toronto Zoo Biogas Project will be the owner, operator, and sole occupant of the Facility. The property is owned by the Toronto Region Conservation Authority and is leased to the City of Toronto for the purpose of operating the Zoo. There are no day cares, long‐term care facilities, health care facilities, educational facilities, or any other facilities on the biogas project site.


Figure 2: Toronto Zoo Biogas Facility Location

981m


Table 3: Toronto Zoo Biogas Source Summary Table

Source Identifier

Source Description

Stack Vol. Flow Rate(m3/s)

Stack Exit Gas Temp (ºC)

Stack Inner Diameter

(m)

Stack Height Above Grade (m)

Stack Height Above Roof (m)

Source Coordinates

(x,y)(m)


Maximum Emission Rate(g/s)

Averaging Perio

d(hrs)

Emission Estim

ating

Techniqu

e

Emissions Data Quality

% of Overall Emissions(1)

Nitrogen Dioxide 10102‐44‐0 5.56E‐01 1 & 24 EF Average 91%Carbon Monoxide 630‐08‐0 1.69E+00 0.5 EF Average 100%Particulate ‐ 2.78E‐02 24 EF Average 20%Sulphur Dioxide 7446‐09‐5 2.10E‐02 1 & 24 EF Average 4%Nitrogen Dioxide 10102‐44‐0 5.76E‐02 1 & 24 EF Average 9%Carbon Monoxide 630‐08‐0 7.02E‐03 0.5 EF Average 0.4%Particulate ‐ 1.08E‐01 24 EF Average 80%Sulphur Dioxide 7446‐09‐5 5.12E‐01 1 & 24 EF Average 96%

RT Receiving Tank (647098, 4853124)

Ammonia 7664‐41‐7 1.87E‐05 24 EF Uncertain 100%

Notes: 1. Biogas Engine and Flare operate at the same time for the maximum assessment/modell ing sceanrio.2. Both Biogas Engine and Flare operating continuously for 24 hours for the maximum assessment/modelling scenario. 3. Receiving tank Ammonia only released 1 hour of 24.

N/A(647150, 4853170)

Volume source

0.6 150 0.15 12.0 2.0(647089, 4853132)

Significant Sources

BE Biogas Engine

BF Biogas Flare 2.6 977 0.41 12.1


Figure 3: Toronto Zoo Biogas Site Plan


6. DISPERSION MODELLING This section provides a description of how the dispersion modelling was conducted for the Facility in order to obtain the maximum concentration at a Point of Impingement (POI). Dispersion modelling was conducted in accordance with the ADMGO. Since the Facility is a Schedule 5 Sector Industry, one of two US EPA models (SCREEN3 or AERMOD) must be used to model emissions from the Facility. The current version of the AERMOD dispersion model was selected. Meteorological outliers were removed from the AERMOD results in accordance with section 6.6 of the ADMGO. 6.1 Dispersion Modelling Input Table 4 summarizes the inputs entered into the AERMOD dispersion model. Table 4: Dispersion Modelling Input Summary Table Relevant Section of Reg. 419/05

Section Title How the Approved Dispersion Model was Used

Section 8 Negligible Sources of Contaminant Table 2 – This reportSection 9 Same Structure Contamination N/A – no POIs within plant boundary.

Section 10 Operating Conditions Refer to section 4 for the operating conditions of significant contaminants.

Section 11 Source of Contaminant Emission Rates

Refer to section 4 and Attachment B for the estimate of emission rates for significant contaminants and for emission rate calculations

Section 12 Combined Effect of Assumptions for Operating Conditions and

Emission Rates NA – All contaminants meet MOE POI criteria

Section 13 Meteorological Conditions MOE meteorological data for Central region processed for forest surface conditions.

Section 14 Area of Modelling Coverage O. Reg. 419/05 s.14 receptor grid used, up to a distance of 10km from Facility sources.

Section 15 Stack Height for Certain New Sources of Contaminant Not applicable

Section 16 Terrain Data DEM data from MOE website were used for the entire modelling domain.

Section 17 Averaging Periods ½‐hr, 1‐hr, 24‐hr averaging times


In general, the regulatory default options were used in accordance with the ADMGO. Additionally, the modelling parameters for the flare were developed based on the burning of biogas with a heat content of 600 BTU/scf and flare and flare flame parameters as outlined in a Texas Commission on Environmental Quality memorandum4. Further details of the flare modelling are presented in Attachment E. Source parameters are outlined in Table E‐2. 6.1.1 Meteorology and Land Use A review of the official plans for Toronto, covering the 3km radius from the site, indicates that approximately 60% of the land within the 3km radius of the facility is agricultural, parkland and environmental conservation areas. The MOE’s 5‐year (1996‐2000) Toronto meteorological data set for the Central Region processed for forest surface conditions was used in the dispersion modelling. 6.1.2 Receptor Grid A receptor grid with the grid spacing defined in s.14 (1) of O. Reg. 419/05 was used, up to a distance of 10 km. No receptors were placed within the property boundary. The coordinates for the property boundary are included in Attachment E. 6.2 Land Use Zoning Designation Plan The Land Use Zoning Designation Plan and other relevant municipal maps are included in Attachment C. The Facility site is and adjacent properties are presently zoned as parks and open space. 6.3 Dispersion Modelling Input and Output Files The scenarios described in Section 4.5 were modelled to be conservative, as the reciprocating engine and flare will not operate simultaneously. The flare was modelled using flare pseudo stack parameters to account for the high temperature flare flame effect on the plume behavior, see Attachment E. Electronic copies of the AERMOD input and output files, in the backup .zip format produced by the Lakes Environmental AERMOD ViewTM interface, are provided in Attachment E.

4 D. Ruggeri, “Technical Basis for Flare Parameters”, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, September 10, 2004


7. EMISSION SUMMARY TABLE AND CONCLUSIONS 7.1 Emission Summary Table A copy of the Emission Summary Table is included as Table 1. 7.2 Assessment of Contaminants with no MOE POI Limit All the contaminants have MOE POI limits. 7.3 Conclusions The results of the modelling indicate that maximum the POI concentrations for the significant contaminants ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate and sulphur dioxide are below the MOE POI limits, as shown on Table 1, repeated here.


Table 1: Toronto Zoo Biogas Project Emission Summary Table


Total Facility Max. Emission Rate

(g/s) Air Dispersion Model Used

Max. POI Concentration

(μg/m3)

Averaging Period (hours)

POI Limit (μg/m3)

Limiting Effect

Regulation Schedule # or Alternate

Maximum % of POI Limit

NOx 10102‐44‐0 6.13E‐01 AERMOD 150 24 200 Health Schedule 3 75%NOx 10102‐44‐0 6.13E‐01 AERMOD 298 1 400 Health Schedule 3 75%Carbon Monoxide 630‐08‐0 1.70E+00 AERMOD 1088 0.5 6,000 Health Schedule 3 18%Sulphur Dioxide 7446‐09‐5 5.33E‐01 AERMOD 28 24 275 Health &

Vegetation Schedule 3 10%

Sulphur Dioxide 7446‐09‐5 5.33E‐01 AERMOD 49 1 690 Health & Vegetation

Schedule 3 7%

Particulate ‐ 1.36E‐01 AERMOD 9.9 24 120 Visibility Schedule 3 8%Ammonia 7664‐41‐7 1.87E‐05 AERMOD 0.04 24 100 Health Schedule 3 0.04% Note: Meteorological outliers have been removed in accordance with the ADMGO. See section 6 for details.

Toronto Zoo Biogas Project ESDM Report, Report #91279 | Attachment A

ATTACHMENT A

Articles of Incorporation (see REA Application Documents)

Toronto Zoo Biogas Project ESDM Report, Report #91279 | Attachment B

ATTACHMENT B

Emission Calculations (3 pages)


B. Emission Calculations B.1 Zoo Animal Manure Handling

The ammonia emission rate for the zoo animal manure handling at the receiving tank was based on a published maximum emission factor of 4.8 g of gN per m3 per day for solid poultry manure heaps5. The receiving tank will be partially opened during receipt of the manure and will be equipped with a vent filter to control potential emissions. Example Calculation: Zoo Animal Manure in Receiving Tank

Ammonia Emission (1‐hour Average) = Emission factor x surface area of tank / 24 hours per day / 3,600 seconds per hour x MW of

Ammonia/MW of Nitrogen x (100% ‐ 90% control) = 4.8 g N /m2 / day x 66 m2 / 24 / 3,600 x 17 g/mol/14 g/mol x (100% ‐ 90% control) = 4.48 x 10‐4 g/s

Manure receiving will occur for a maximum of 1‐hour over a 24‐hour period, as such the 24‐hour emission is:

= 4.48 x 10‐4 g/s x 1 hr/day / 24 hrs/day = 1.87 x 10‐5 g/s

These emissions are considered of Uncertain data quality. B.2 Biogas Flare Emissions The biogas combustion emissions of the flare were based on emission factors from a feasibility study of biogas facilities in British Columbia2. The flare will be enclosed and could operate a maximum of 6 hours per day. Surplus untreated fuel quality biogas and low BTU biogas will be flared. The emissions were based on flaring excess biogas with a methane content of 70%, which with greater energy content will have greater emissions. The energy content of 400 m3 of biogas at 70% methane is 10.5 GJ. The emission factor for sulphur dioxide is for a H2S content in the biogas of 200 ppm. Livestock manure digester biogas has widely varying H2S contents, which can range from less than 10 ppm to over 1,500 ppm. The SO2 emission factor was adjusted to account for a H2S content of 1,500 ppm. These NOX, CO, SO2 and SPM emissions are considered of Average data quality. Example Calculations: Flaring of excess biogas

Nitrogen Dioxide Emission = Emission factor x energy / 3,600 seconds per hour = 19.7 g/GJ x 10.5 GJ/h / 3,600 = 5.76 x 10‐2 g/s

5 T.H.Misselbrook et al, “Ammonia emission factors for UK agriculture”, Table 1, page 873, Atmospheric Environment 34(2000) 871-880


Table B‐1: Biogas Flare Emissions

Contaminant CAS# Emission Factor (g/GJ)

1‐hr Emission (g/s)

Nitrogen Dioxide 10102‐44‐0 19.7 5.76 x 10‐2 Carbon Monoxide 630‐08‐0 2.4 7.02 x 10‐3 Sulphur Dioxide 7446‐09‐5 175 5.12 x 10‐1 Particulate ‐ 36.9 1.08 x 10‐1 B.3 Biogas Reciprocating Engine The biogas combustion carbon monoxide emissions of the reciprocating engine were based on emission factors from a study by the California Energy Commission (CEC) dated 2006 published in a paper by Hower and Chianese3. The emission factors assume a heating value of the biogas of 600 BTU/scf. The biogas fuel consumption was 400 m3/h, or 14,120 ft3/h. An average and the range of emission factors based on facilities in California are presented in the reference document3 and the maximum values were selected for carbon monoxide. The sulphur dioxide emissions for the reciprocating engine were also based on a mass balance method that assumed a biogas H2S content of 1,500 ppm that is converted to SO2 by the combustion. The nitrogen dioxide emissions were based in the Tier 2 and 3 EPA off‐road stationary engine NOX and NMHC emissions limits of 4 g/kW, assuming that the emission was all NOX. Manufacturers of biogas fuelled reciprocating engines must meet these limits, and since most have lean burn low emissions engine technologies, the actual NOX emissions will be less than these emission rate estimates. The particulate emissions were also based in the Tier 2 and 3 EPA off‐road stationary engine emissions limits. Example Calculations:

Nitrogen Dioxide Emission = Emission factor x power / 3,600 seconds per hour = 4 g/kW x 500 kW / 3,600 = 5.56 x 10‐1 g/s Carbon Monoxide Emission = Emission factor x Fuel Consumption / 1,000,000 scf per MMscf /

2.2 lb per kg / 3,600 seconds per hour = 948 lb/MMscf x 14,120 scf/h / 1,000,000 / 2.2 / 3,600 = 1.69 g/s


Sulphur Dioxide Emission = Fuel Consumption x H2S Content x conversion ppm to mg/m3 x % control / 1000 mg/g / 3,600 seconds per hour

= 400 m3/h x 1500 ppm H2S x 1.42 mg/m3H2S / ppmH2S x 90% / 1000 / 3,600

= 2.10 x 10‐2 g/s The quality of the emissions data is considered Average. Table B‐3: Biogas Reciprocating Engine Emissions

Contaminant CAS# Emission Factor 1‐hr Emission (g/s)

Nitrogen Dioxide 10102‐44‐0 4 g/kW 5.56 x 10‐1 Carbon Monoxide 630‐08‐0 948 lb/MMscf 1.69 x 10‐0 Sulphur Dioxide 7446‐09‐5 2.10 x 10‐2 Particulate ‐ 0.20 g/kW 2.78 x 10‐2

Toronto Zoo Biogas Project ESDM Report, Report #91279 | Attachment C

ATTACHMENT C

Municipal Maps (4 pages)

ROUGE RIVERKI

RKHA

MS RD

K IR KH AMS RD

HEDGE END RD

ZOO RD

ZOO RD

MEAD

OWVA

LE RD

MEA DOWVALE

RD

R OU GE RIV ER D R

ZOO MEADOWVALE RD

S RAMP

IDA GR OV E G T BRAYMORE BLVD

SHEPPARD AVE E

RT (f5.5;a125) (x138)

RT (f7.0;a175)(x139)

RS (x176)RS

(x176)

UT

RS (x175)

RA (u432)(x365)

RM (u233) (x114)

RD (f60.0;a8000)(x612)

RT (f4.4;a95)

(x140)

CL 0.4(x47)

CL 0.8(x48)

OR

OR

OR (x10)

ON (x4)

ON

RT (f5.5;a125)(x143)

RT (f5.5;a130) (x142)

ON (x4)

RS (f17.4;a400)(x180) RD (f60.0;

a7000)(x611)

OR

RS (f17.4;a400) (x179)

RM (u27)(x115)

RT (f6.0;a70) (x137)

!

RT (f4.3; a90) (x141)

RD (f10.7;a250) (x610)

RS (x177)

59P-23

59P-12 60P-1360P-12

60P-23

60P-11

59N-23

59P-13

60P-22

59P-11

60N-11

59Q-11

60P-2159P-21 59P-22

60Q-13

59N-21

60Q-11

59N-22 60N-22

60Q-1259Q-12 59Q-13

60N-23

59N-11 60N-1359N-12 61N-1160N-12

58N-23 60N-21

60M-22

59Q-22

59N-13

60M-23

59Q-23

61N-21

60Q-21

SHEPPARD AVE E

60P-11

Ü0 40 80 120 16020

Meters

1:4,000

Zone CategoriesResidentialParks and Open SpaceCommercial ResidentialCommercial Residential EmploymentInstitutionalEmploymentUtility / TransportationNot Part of This Bylaw

Map Sheet BoundaryPropertiesRailwayHydro Line

Zoning

City Planning

August 2010Maps must be read together with Zoning Bylaw text

- East District

227 (L114)

ROUGE RIVER

LITTLE ROUGE RIVER

KIRKH

AMS

RD

LIONHEAD TRL

ZOO RD

HEDGE END RD

KIRK

HAMS

RD

ZOO RD

TWYN RIVERS DR

M EADOWV AL E

RD

MEAD

OWVA

L E RD

N Z O

O RA

M P

ZOO MEADOWVALE RD S RAMP

MEADOWVA LE RD

SHEPPARD AVE E

! RD (f22.5; a1390) (x579)

RD (f60.0;a7000)(x611)

ON (x4)

ON (x4)

ON (x4)

! OR (x10)

OR

OR

CL 0.8(x48)

!

ON

RD (f60.0;a8000)(x612)

RM (u233)(x114)

RS (x176)

ON

OR (x10)

RS (x175)RS(x176)

RA (u432)(x365)

UT

59P-23

59P-12 60P-1360P-12

60P-23

60P-11

59N-23

59P-13

60P-22

60N-11

60P-2159P-22

60Q-13

59N-21

60Q-11

59N-22 60N-22

60Q-1259Q-12 59Q-13

60N-23

60N-1359N-12 61N-1160N-12

60N-21

60M-22

59N-13

60M-23

59Q-23

61N-21

60Q-21

61M-22

61N-12

SHEPPARD AVE E

60P-12

Ü0 40 80 120 16020

Meters

1:4,000



Zoning

City Planning


- East District

228 (R114)

ROUGE RIVERROUGE RIVER

KIRKH

AMS RD

ZOO RD

REE S OR R D

ZOO RD

ZOO RD

ZOO RD

ZOO R D

OLD FINCH AVEZOO

MEADOWVALE RD S RAMP

ZOO MEADOWVALE RD

N RAMP

MEADOWVALE RD

MEAD

O WV A

L E RD

MEA DOWVALE RD

S ZOO

RAMP

ON (x4)

ON (x4)

OR (x10)

59P-23

59P-12 60P-1360P-12

60P-23

60P-11

59N-23

59P-13

60P-22

59P-11

59Q-11

60P-21

58P-13

59P-21

60Q-31

59P-22

60Q-13

59N-21

60Q-11

59N-22 60N-22

60Q-1259Q-12 59Q-13

60N-23

59Q-3359Q-32

60N-1360N-12

60N-21

59Q-21 59Q-22 59Q-23 60Q-23

61N-21

60Q-21 60Q-22

SHEPPARD AVE E

MORNI NGS IDE AVE

60P-21

Ü0 40 80 120 16020

Meters

1:4,000



Zoning

City Planning


- East District

230 (R115)

LITTLE ROUGE RIVERZOO RD

ZOO RD

ZOO RD

ZOO RD

KIRKHAMS RD

KIRKH

AMS

RD

ZOO

RD

ZOO RD

FINCH AVE E

BEAR

E RD

ZOO MEADOWVALE RD N RAMP

MEA DO WVAL E

RD

MEAD

OWVA

LE R

D

MEAD OWVAL E

RD S Z OO

RAMP

ON (x4)

ON (x4)

ON (x4)

OR (x10)

UT

59P-23

59P-12 60P-1360P-12

60P-23

60P-11

59N-23

59P-13

60P-22

59P-11

60Q-32

60P-21

60Q-31

59P-22

60Q-1360Q-11

60N-22

60Q-1259Q-12 59Q-13

60N-23

59Q-33

60N-13 61N-11

60N-21

59Q-22 59Q-23 60Q-23

61N-21

60Q-21 60Q-22

SHEPPARD AVE E

60P-22

Ü0 40 80 120 16020

Meters

1:4,000



Zoning

City Planning


- East District

231 (L116)

Toronto Zoo Biogas Project ESDM Report, Report #91279 | Attachment D

ATTACHMENT D

Dust Management Plan Outline (1 page)

Toronto Zoo Biogas Project ESDM Report, Report #91279 | Attachment D

Dust Management Plan Anaerobic Digester Facility

Goal: The goal of the dust management plan is to maintain the Toronto Zoo Biogas Project site and

surrounding areas as dust free, as possible. Receiving Tank 1. Any solid waste spillage occurring in the receiving tank area must be managed on a daily basis. 2. Washing of the paved area around the receiving tank with high pressure hose must occur at least

once per week, or more frequently if required. 3. Mechanical sweeping/flushing of the receiving tank area is to occur once per month, or more often

if conditions warrant. Vehicular Traffic 1. To minimize fugitive road dust emissions, the maximum speed at the site is 20 km/hr. 2. All incoming solid manure and vegatable organic material trucks are to proceed directly to the

receiving tank and upon unloading then proceed directly to the main gate to leave the site. 3. Main gate area is to be continuously inspected and maintained to ensure no track‐out of material

onto Meadowvale Road.

Toronto Zoo Biogas Project ESDM Report, Report #91279 | Attachment E

ATTACHMENT E

Air Dispersion Information & Electronic Files (3 pages + CD)


E. Air Dispersion Modelling Information E.1 Biogas Flare Dispersion Parameters In order to model the flare emissions it is necessary to obtain the modelling input parameters for the flare. Flares, with large open flames, radiate a significant portion of heat of combustion which influences the buoyancy of the plume. Input parameters, such as stack exit, or flame, temperature, flame diameter and flame height can be derived or in some instances default values are used to establish pseudo stack parameters. The flare was modelled with a stack velocity of 20 m/s as per the ADMGO. The flare heat release is used to calculate the effective release height of the plume for the high temperature flames associated with flares. Heat Release For the Toronto Zoo biogas flare:

Maximum Biogas Flare rate = 400 m3/h / 3600 s/h = 0.11 m3/s Heat Content of Biogas = 600 BTU/scf x 1055 J/BTU x 35.3 scf/m3 = 2.23 x 107 J/m3 @ 60°F Maximum Heat Rate of Biogas = 2.23 x 107 J/m3 x 0.11 m3/s / 1,000 J/kJ = 2.48 x 103 kJ/s (kW) Combustion Efficiency of Flare = 75% Total Heat Release, Qt = 75% of 2.48 x 103 kW = 1.86 MW Sensible Heat Fraction = 80% Radiant Heat Fraction = 20% Sensible Heat Rate, Qs = 80% of 1.86 MW = 1.49MW Radiant Heat Rate, Qr = 20% of 1.86 kW = 0.372 MW


Dispersion Parameters

Flame Height = 1.555 x Qt0.462

= 1.555 x 1.860.462 = 2.07 m Flare Height = 10 m Total Effective Height = Flare Height + Flame Height = 10 m + 2.07 m = 12.1 m Flame Diameter = 20% of Flame Height = 20% of 2.07 m = 0.41 m Heat Flux Area of Flame = π x Flame Height x Flame Diameter = π x 2.07 m x 0.41 m = 2.7 m2 Thermal Radiant Heat Flux = Qr / Heat Flux Area of Flame = 0.372 MW / 2.7 m2 x 1,000 kW/MW = 138 kW/m2 Emissivity = 1 Stefan Boltzman constant = 5.68 x 10‐11 kW/m2k4 Ambient Temperature = 60°F = 283°K Flame Temperature = (((138 kW/m2 / (1 x 5.68 x 10‐11 kW/m2k4)) + 2834)0.25 = 1,250°K = 977°C


Table E‐1: Property Boundary

No. X Y 1 647218 4853063 2 647174 4853049 3 647103 4853058 4 647053 4853153 5 647167 4853207 6 647175 4853203 7 647201 4853141 8 647208 4853092

Table E‐2: Source Parameters Point Sources

Modelling ID Source Description

Release Height (m)

Temp. (°C)

Stack Inside Diameter

(m)

Exit Velocity (m/s)

Exit Flowrate (m3/s)

X (m)

Y (m)

BF Flare (Effective Flare) 12.1 977 0.41 20.0 2.6 647150 4853170BE Engine Stack 12.0 150 0.15 34.0 0.6 647089 4853132

Volume Sources

Modelling ID

Source Description

Release Height (m)

Length of Side (m)

Building Height (m)

Initial Lateral Dimension

(m)

Initial Vertical Dimension

(m)

X (m)

Y (m)

RT Receiving Tank 2.0 8.0 3.0 1.90 1.40 647098 4853124