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www.tehillim.org.ilBeni Gesundheit
Ariye Bar Tov, Susan Suna, Audrey Samuels
The Book of Psalms
Interpretation &Teachings
The Narrative of Sefer Tehillim
According to the Contextual InterpretationOnline syllabus of 30 lectures
Rabbi Jay & Ilana Kelman
Rabbi Adam MintzRabbi Dr. Benny Lau
Lecture #10
โข Mizmor 51 โ Structure & Messages
โข Mizmor 51 versus the story in II Samuel 11-12
โข II Samuel (1st Temple) Tehillim (2nd Temple)
โข Mizmor 51 โ Image of King David in Tehillim
(โ Talmud = Contextual Interpretation of Tehillim)
โข Mizmor 51 โ between Asaf I (50) + D2 (52-72)
โข 1st + 2nd collections of King David (D1+D2)
Introductory noteKing David
Introductory Note: King David as a Role Model
52-43' ืขื, ื"ืชืฉืข, ืฆืืคืืจื, ืฉื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืช ืฉืืขืืืืชื ืฉื ื ืชื ืืชืฉืืืชื-ื "ืืืืืจ ื : ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืwww.tehillim.org.il)ื ืืฆื ืืืชืจ )
?
King David (24) Solomon his son build the Temple
David will not build the Temple because of the sin with
Bat Sheva and the killing of many people; Solomon
his son will build the Temple that David prepared for
him (II Samuel 7; I Chronicles 22, 5-19)
David = Penitent Baal Teshuva
Asaf (12) the singers knowledgeable in the song of
God in the Temple
I Chronicles 25, 1.7-9: Then, David and the generals
of the army separated for the service of the sons of
Asaf, Heiman and Yeduthun, who prophesied with
harps, lyres and cymbalsโฆAnd their number, with
their brothers trained in singing unto the Lord, every
expert...like the small one so the great one, scholar
with pupil. And the first lot of Asaf came out to Joseph,
the second to Gedaliah, he and his sons and his
brothers 12
Bnei Korach (12) the Temple gatekeepers
I chronicles 26, 1.19: Of the divisions of the gatekeepers of
the Korachites, Mehelemiah the son of Kore, of the sons of
AsafโฆThese are the divisions of the gatekeepers of the sons
of the Korachites and the sons of the Merari
(โSitz in der Literaturโ)
(โSitz im Lebenโ)
51
? ?
King David is surrounded in the Temple
with the Leviim Asaf and Sons of Korach
Mizmor 51
1 For the conductor, a song of David: 2 When Nathan the prophet came to him after he had been with Bat-Sheva.
3 Be gracious to me, O God, as befits Your kindness; in keeping with Your abundant mercies, erase my transgressions. 4 Wash me thoroughly of my iniquity and purify me of my sin. 5 For I know my transgressions, and my sin is always before me. 6Against You alone I have sinned, and I have done that which is evil in Your eyes, so You are justified in Your words, and right in Your judgment. 7 Indeed, I was formed with iniquity, and in sin my mother conceived me. 8 Indeed, You desire truth be in the hidden places, and in the concealed place within me You teach me wisdom. 9 Purify me with hyssop, and I will become pure; wash me, and I will become whiter than snow. 10 Make me hear joy and gladness; let the bones that You crushed rejoice. 11 Hide Your face from my sins, and erase all my iniquities.
12 Create for me a pure heart, O God, and renew a steadfast spirit within me. 13 Do not cast me away from before You, and do not take Your holy spirit from me. 14 Restore to me the joy of Your salvation, and let a generous spirit support me. 15 I will teach transgressors Your ways, and sinners will return to You. 16 Save me from bloodshed, O God, the God of my salvation; let my tongue sing praises of Your righteousness. 17 O Lord, open my lips, so that my mouth may declare Your praise. 18 For You do not desire me to offer a sacrifice, You are not pleased by a burnt offering. 19 The sacrifices to God are a broken spirit; O God, You will not reject a broken and crushed heart.
20 Show Your favor to Zion; build the walls of Jerusalem. 21 Then You will desire sacrifices of righteousness, burnt offeringsand whole burnt offerings; then they will offer young bulls upon Your altar.
Background to the Mizmor
Forgiveness & purification from the sin
Return to God in purity
Prayer for the building of Jerusalem
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื :ืืื ืฆ
ืืื ื ืชื ืื ืืื ื ื ืืช ืฉืืขืืืื ื ืจ ืื ื :ืืืฉ
ื ื ื ื ืืืืื ืืืกื ื ืคืฉืขืืื ืื ืื :ืืจื ืจืื
ื ื ืจ ื ืื ืขืื ื ืืืก ื ืื ืืืืชื ืืืจ :ืื
ืืข ื ืืื ืชืืืืื ืคืฉืขื ืื ื ื :ืืืืืชื ื
ืื ืขืฉืืชื ืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ื ืื ืืืจืข ืืข
ื ืืืืขื ืชืฆืืง ืืืืจ ื ืืฉืคื :ืชืื
ื ืืขืืื ืืืืืชื ื ืื ื :ืืืืืืืชื ืืืื
ืืืช ื ืช ืืคืฆืช ืื ื ืื ื ืื ื ืืืื ืชืืืืข :ืืืกืช
ื ืื ืืืจ ืชืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืื ื ืืืืืืชืืืก ื :ืืืฉ
ื ื ืฉืฉืื ืืฉืืื ื ืื ื ืขืฆืืืช ืชืฉืืืข :ืืืืช ืชื
ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืจ ืคื ืืืกืช :ืืื ืขืื ืชื ืื
ื ืืืืจ ืืจื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืฉ ืืงืจืืื :ืืจืื ื ืืื ืื
ืื ืื ื ื ืืืคื ื ืืชืงื ืื ืงืืฉืืืจืื ืื ืชืฉืืื :ืื
ื ืื ื ืืืจืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืฉืฉืื ืืฉืข :ืชืกืื
ืื ืื ืื ืืฉืืืืืืืื ืคืฉืขืื ืืจื ื :ืืืืืื ื
ื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืืืืืฆืื ืืืื ื ืืฉืื ื ืฆืืงืช :ืชืฉืืขืชื ืชืจื
ืืืคื ืืืื ืืื ื ืฉืคืชื ืชืคืชื ืื :ืชืืืช
ื ื ืชืืคืฅืื ืื ืื ืช ืื ืื ืื :ืขืืื ืื ืชืจืฆ
ื ืืืืื ืจืื ื ืฉืืจื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืชืื ื ื ืฉืืจ ืื ืื :ื
ืช ืฆืืื ื ืืืืื ืืจืฆืื ื ื :ืชืื ื ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืืื
ืง ืขืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืขืื ืขื ืืืืื ืคืจืืืชืืคืฅืื ืื ื ื ืฆ :ืืื
ื"ืืืืืจ ื
: ืคืชืื
ืืื ืืื
ืืืช ืฉืืข
ืืคืจื
ืืืืจื
ืืืืื
ืืขืืจ
ืืืจื
ืืืจืืื
ืืืฉื
ืืขืชืื
ืืืื
ืืขืชืื
: ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื
ืช ืฆืืื ืืืืื ืืจืฆืื ื ื ื
:ืชืื ื ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื :ืืื ืฆ
ืืื ื ืชื ืื ืืื ื ื ืืช ืฉืืขืืืื ื ืจ ืื ื :ืืืฉ
ื ื ื ื ืืืืื ืืืกื ื ืคืฉืขืืื ืื ืื :ืืจื ืจืื
ื ื ืจ ื ืื ืขืื ื ืืืก ื ืื ืืืืชื ืืืจ :ืื
ืืข ื ืืื ืชืืืืื ืคืฉืขื ืื ื ื :ืืืืืชื ื
ืื ืขืฉืืชื ืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ื ืื ืืืจืข ืืข
ื ืืืืขื ืชืฆืืง ืืืืจ ื ืืฉืคื :ืชืื
ื ืืขืืื ืืืืืชื ื ืื ื :ืืืืืืืชื ืืืื
ืืืช ื ืช ืืคืฆืช ืื ื ืื ื ืื ื ืืืื ืชืืืืข :ืืืกืช
ื ืื ืืืจ ืชืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืื ื ืืืืืืชืืืก ื :ืืืฉ
ื ื ืฉืฉืื ืืฉืืื ื ืื ื ืขืฆืืืช ืชืฉืืืข :ืืืืช ืชื
ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืจ ืคื ืืืกืช :ืืื ืขืื ืชื ืื
ื ืืืืจ ืืจื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืฉ ืืงืจืืื :ืืจืื ื ืืื ืื
ืื ืื ื ื ืืืคื ื ืืชืงื ืื ืงืืฉืืืจืื ืื ืชืฉืืื :ืื
ื ืื ื ืืืจืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืฉืฉืื ืืฉืข :ืชืกืื
ืื ืื ืื ืืฉืืืืืืืื ืคืฉืขืื ืืจื ื :ืืืืืื ื
ื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืืืืืฆืื ืืืื ื ืืฉืื ื ืฆืืงืช :ืชืฉืืขืชื ืชืจื
ืืืคื ืืืื ืืื ื ืฉืคืชื ืชืคืชื ืื :ืชืืืช
ื ื ืชืืคืฅืื ืื ืื ืช ืื ืื ืื :ืขืืื ืื ืชืจืฆ
ื ืืืืื ืจืื ื ืฉืืจื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืชืื ื ื ืฉืืจ ืื ืื :ื
ืช ืฆืืื ื ืืืืื ืืจืฆืื ื ื :ืชืื ื ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืืื
ืง ืขืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืขืื ืขื ืืืืื ืคืจืืืชืืคืฅืื ืื ื ื ืฆ :ืืื
ื ื ืฉืืจื
ื ืืืืจื
ืจืื
ื ืฉืืจื
ื ืืืืืจืื
ืงืืฉืืืจืื
ื ืืืืืืจืื
ื"ืืืืืจ ื
: ืคืชืื
ืืื ืืื
ืืืช ืฉืืข
ืืคืจื
ืืืืจื
ืืืืื
ืืขืืจ
ืืืจื
ืืืจืืื
ืืืฉื
ืืขืชืื
ืืืื
ืืขืชืื
ืืืืงืช ืืืืืืจ ืืฉืืจืฉืืจืื ืคื ืืืืื
ืืืืื
ืื ืคืฉืขืื ืืจื
ืื ืืืืืื ื ื
ืืฉืืื
ืื ื ืคืฉืขืืื
ืืืืืชืืืืข
ืืื ืชืืื ื
ืงืฉืจืื ืขื ืกืคืจืื ืืืจืื
ืืื ื ืชื ืื ืืืืืืื ืจ ื ื ืืช ืฉืืขืืืืืฉ ื
ืืืืชื ื ืืื ืืืจ
ืืื ืชืืืืืืืืชื ื
ืืืืืื
ืื ื ื
ืืฉืืื
ืืืืชืืื ืืืื
ืื ืืืืชื ื ืืืืืื
ื ื ืชืืื
ืืื ืืืืืจ ืื
ืจ ืืกืช
ืื ืคื ืืืื ื
ืืืื ืขืื ืชื ืื
ืื ืืืจื ืจืื ืคืฉืขืืื
ื ื ื ืืืืืืชืืืก ื ืืืฉ
ื ืจ ื ืื ืขืื ืืืืก ื
ืืขืื ืืคืฉืขืืื ื
ื ืืืื ื ืืืืกืช ืชืืืืข
ืืื ื ื ืื ืืืจืชืืื ืื
ืืืืชื ื ืืื ืืืจ
ื ื ืชืฉืืืข
ืฉืฉืื
ืืฉืืื
ืืฉืืื
ืฉืฉืืืื
ื ืืฉืข
ื ืืืืื ืืื
ื ืฉืืจื ืจืื
ื ื ืฉืืจ ื
ืื ืืื
ืืืืื ืื
ื :ืชืื
ืื ื ืชืืืืืช ืขืฆืืืช
ื ืืืืจ ืืจื ื
ืื ืืืืื
... ื ืืืืืจืื
... ืงืืฉืืืจืื
ื ืืืืืืจืื
ืืืืชื ืื
ื ื ืืืจ
ื ื ืชืืื
ืืื ืืืืืจ ืื
ื ืืืืจื
ืืจื ืื ืืืืื
ืืืขื
ืชืฆืืง
ื ืืืืจ
ื ืชืจื
ืืฉืื ื ื ืฆืืงืช
ืื ืชืืคืฅ
ื ืืืืง ื ืฆ
ืืืืื ืื ...ืืจืฆืื ืื
ืืชืืคืฅ ืง ืืื ื ืขืืืืฆ
ืืืชืืคืฅืื ืื ื
ื ื ืช ืืื ืขืืืืื ืชืจืฆ
ืช ื ืื ื
ืืคืฆืช ืืืช ืื
ืกืืืืืช ืืืืืืจ ืืกืคืจ ืชืืืื
ืืืื ืขื : ื-ื', ื ื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืขืืืชืืื ืชืืื ืืชื : ืื ืงื ืื ...ืคืจืื ื
ืืื ืชืืคืฅ : ืื, ื"ื ืง ืืื ื ืขืืืืฆ
ืคืจืืืืืืื ืื ืืขืื ืขื ืืืืื
ืื: ื', ื ืืื ืชืืืืืขืืืช ืืื ืชืืืืืืืืชื : ื, ื"ื ืื ื
:ืชืฆืืื ืืจืืืืืฉืื ืืฉืืืช ืืจืขื ืคืื: ืื', ื ื : ืื-ืื, ื"ื ืืืฉืื ืืชืจื ืืืื ืืคืืืื ื ืฉืคืชื ืชืคืชื : ืฆืืงืช
ื :ืชืืืชืืืื ืขื ...ืฆืืงืืืืืืื ืฉืืื : ื.ื', ื ื ืืื ืง ืชืืคืฅืื : ... ืื, ื"ื ืืืืื ื ื ืฆ ืืื
ืืื ืืืืื ืฆืืงืืืืืืื ืฉืืื : ื-ื', ื ืืืฉืค ...ืจืืืืื ืืขื ืืขืืฉ : ืืื ืกืืชืฆืืงืืืขื : ื, ื"ื ื ืืืืจ ืชืื
ื ืืฉืคื
ื ืชืืื : ืื', ื ืืืฉื ืืืืื ื ืืื ืจ ื ืื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืฉืฉืื : ืื-ืื, ื"ื :ืืืืืืืืฉืขืืจื ืืืืืืื ืคืฉืขืื ... ืืฉืข ืืจื
ืช'ืืืืฉ ืื ( ื: )ื"ืืืฉืืืื ืื ืชืื ืืืืืืื ืืื ื ื ืจืื ืื
ืืฉ ืื ืืชืขืืจื ืืืืืืื ืฉ ื ืืื ืืืืจืขืฉ ื ( ื):ืจืืฉืื
ืืืืืจืฉ( ื):ืืืืืืจื ืืืงืจืฆืืืืืืืจืืขืฉ ืืืืืืื
ืืืื ื ืืื ืืขืืขืืืืื ืืช ื ืืืื ืงื ืืจืืฉ ืืงืื ืืืชืืืฉ ื
ืืชืฉ ืกืืืื ืชืืืืชืืืค ืืงืืช ( ื):ืืชื ืืืืืืช ืืืชืฉ ืืื
ืืืืื ื ืขืฉ ืืืืฉื ืืงืืชืืืืื ืืจื ืืขืฉืืชืงืจืืืื ืื ืืืฆ
ื ืชืงืืื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืืืืฉื ืขืฉ ืื ืืจืืฉืืืืฉืชืืฉ ื ื
ืืืืืื ืืืืืืฉื ืืื ืืฃืืจืื ( ื):ื ืจืื ืืื 'ืืืื ืชืื
ืืื ืช( ื):ืืืชืืืขืฉ ืืืืฉืืืชื ืืืฉ ืืืฉ ืื ืื ื
ืืืืขืช ืืจื ืง ืชืืขืฉ ืจืืฉ ืข :ืืืืืืจืืฉ ืืขืืืื ืืจืื ื
( ื) ืจืื ืื ืชืืื ืืืงืืงืืืจืืืืืืฉืืืช ืืื ื ืืืฉ ืืื ืจื
ืืืืืช ืืฉ ืื ืื ื ืืืฉ ืขืืื :ืืืืฉ ืืื ืืืืช ืืฆ ืืื ืืืจื
ืช (ื) ืชืืื ืืื ืืืืชื ื ืชืืื ืืืื ืฉ ืื ืื ืืื ืืง ืช ื ื ืืื
ืชืื ืืืฉ ืืชื ื ื ื ืืืืืกืคืืืขืืืืืืืืืืืจื ืื
ื ืชืืืช ื ืืืืข ( ื):ืืืื ืื ืื ืืจืขืืขืฉืืช'ืืืจื ื ืชืข ื
ืืืช ืื ืืืืช ืืืืจื ืจ ืชืื ืืืชืืืืืฉ ืืืืงืืช ืชืืืฉ ืื
ืื ืืจืืช ืจ ืื ื ( ืื:... )ืขืืืื ืจืื ืืืื ืื 'ืื ืืืืชืื ืชืื
ืก ืจืื ืื ืชืืื ืขืืืจ' ืืืืืื ื ( ืื... ):ืชืืืชืืืืชืืื ื
ืชืืื ืฉืืืืง ืืืืืืืฆืืืืื ืฆืืื ืขืจืื ืขืื ืืืืืืื
( ืื... ):ืืจืฆืืืืืฉ ืจืื ืืื ืขืืื ืื ืื ืืฆืืช ืืื ืืืืื
ืข ืืืืืืจืช ืืื ืืื'ืื ืืืื ืืื ืชืืืขืช ( ืื):ื ืืืื ื ื
ืืื ืืขืืืืืืืืฉ ืืืืืืฆืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืืืืืืืืื :ื
ื( ืื) ืชืืื ืืื ื ืื ืืืื ืชืืืฉ ืืขืฉ ืืชื ื ืืขื ืฉืืืื ื
ืืืช ืื ืชืงืจืืืช ืืืงืจืื ืื'ืื ืืืืฉ ืืืฉ ื ( ืื):ืื
ืชืงืจืืื ืืืืื ื ืชืืืื ืืืฉ ืื : 'ืืขืืืจื ืืืืืืืืืฉ ื
...ืืืืืืื ืืื ืงืจืื ืืืืืืืืื ืืื -ืืืฉ ืืื ืื ืฉื ืืื ืืคื ื ืืืงืื ืืฉืืงืฅ ืืืจืืืง ืืชืืขืื ... ืืืืื ืชืฉืืื ืฉืืงืจืืช ืืช ืืืื ืืฉืืื ื : ื"ื ื"ืชืฉืืื ืค' ื ืื"ืจืื
Rambam Hilchot Teshuva 7,6: Great, indeed, is repentance for it brings man nigh to the Shekinahโฆ Repentance brings near the far apart. Yesterday
this sinner was hateful to the presence of God, scorned, ostracized and abominate, and to-day he is beloved, desirable, companionable and a friend.
II Samuel 12: 1. And the Lord sent Natan to David. And he came to him and
said to him: "There were two men in one city, one rich, and one poor. 2. The
rich man had very many flocks and herds. 3. But the poor man had nothing, save
one little ewe lamb which he had bought and reared; and it grew up together
with him and his sons; of his bread it would eat, and from his cup it would
drink, and in his bosom it would lie, and it was to him like a daughter. 4. And
there came a wayfarer to the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock
and of his own herd to prepare for the guest that had come to him, and he took
the poor man's lamb, and prepared it for the man that had come to him." 5. And
David became very angry at the man; and he said to Natan: "As the Lord lives,
the man who has done this is liable to death. 6. And the ewe lamb he shall repay
fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity." 7. And Natan
said to David, "You are the man. So says the Lord the God of Israel: 'I anointed
you as king over Israel, and I delivered you from the hand of Saul. 8. And I gave
you the house of your master and your master's wives in your midst, and I gave
you the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that were too little, then would I add
unto you like them and like them. 9. Why have you despised the word of the
Lord, to do what is evil in My eyes? You have smitten Uriah the Hittite with the
sword and you have taken his wife for yourself as a wife, and you have slain
him with the sword of the children of Ammonโฆ13. And David said to Natan:
"I have sinned against the Lord." And Natan said to David, "Also the Lord has
removed your sin; you shall not die. 16. And David besought God on behalf of
the child; and David fasted a fast, and he came in and slept lying on the
groundโฆ 22. And he said, "While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept, for
I said, 'Who knows? Perhaps the Lord will be gracious to me, and the child will
live. 23. But now [that] he is dead, why should I fast? Can I bring him back
again? I shall go to him, but he will not return to me." 24. And David comforted
Bat Sheva his wife, and he came to her, and he lay with her: and she bore a son,
and she called his name Solomon; and the Lord loved him. 25. And He sent by
the hand of Natan the prophet, and he called his name Yedidiah for the Lord's
sake.
Second TempleFirst Temple
II Samuel 11-12
1. The Story of Davidโs sin with Bat Sheva
โข Facts
โข Davidโs silence
โข David confesses his sin and accepts his punishment
โข Birth of Solomon = Yedidiya
Mizmor 51
1. Davidโs response & prayers after his sin with Bat Sheva
โข His inner world: religious values, psychological, ethical, social,
โข Confession, repentance and acceptance for the future โO
Lord, open my lips...โ
โข Personal repentance will cause other sinners to
repent, the building of the walls of Jerusalem and
to the renewal of the Temple worship
2. Parallel words/phrases
II Samuel 12, 9.13: Why have you despised the word of the
Lord, to do what is evil in My eyes? And David said to
Natan: I have sinned against the Lord
2. Parallel words/phrases
Mizmor 51, 6:
Against You alone I have sinned,
and I have done that which is evil in Your eyes
3. Connection and happy ending of the story
โข The stories of King David
โข The birth of Solomon (Yedidiya)
3. Connection & happy ending of 2nd David collection (51-72)
โข Envelop: Davidโs repentance for the sin with Bat Sheva โdo not
cast me away from youโฆ(51,13)โ and concluding with โdo not
cast me away in old ageโฆ(71,9)โ
โข Collection ends with Davidโs prayer for the success of his son
Solomonโs kingdom (72)
โข The mizmor ends with the prayer for the building of the walls
of Jerusalem and Temple and renewal of the sacrifices,
appropriate for the period of the Return to Zion (Ibn Ezra)4. Consequences/Continuation of the story
โข David does not build the Temple (I Chronicles
22,8) You have shed much blood, and you have
waged great wars; you shall not build a house in
My name because you have shed much blood
upon the earth before Me
4. Consequences/Continuation of the story
โข Solomon builds the First Temple and Ezra and
Nechemia rebuild the Second Temple (51, 20-21
according to the Ibn Ezra)
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื :ืืื ืฆ
ืืื ื ืชื ืื ืืื ื ื ืืช ืฉืืขืืืื ื ืจ ืื ื :ืืืฉ
ื ื ื ื ืืืืื ืืืกื ืื ืื ืืืจื ืจืื :ืคืฉืขืืื
ื ื ืจ ื ืื ืขืื ื ืืืก ืืืืชื ื ื ืืื :ืืืจ
ืืขืื ืคืฉืขื ืื ื ื ืืื ืชืืืื :ืืืืืชื ื
ืื ืขืฉืืชื ืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ื ืื ืืืจืข ืืข
ื ืืืืขื ืชืฆืืง ืืืืจ ื ืืฉืคื :ืชืื
ื ืืขืืื ืืืืืชื ื ืื ื :ืืืืืืืชื ืืืื
ืืืช ื ืช ืืคืฆืช ืื ื ืื ื ืืืื ื ื ืืืืกืช :ืชืืืืข
ืืื ื ื ื ืื ืืืจืชืืื ื ืืื ื ืืืืืืชืืืก ื :ืืืฉ
ื ื ืฉืฉืื ืืฉืืื ื ืื ื ืขืฆืืืช ืชืฉืืืข :ืืืืช ืชื
ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืจ ืคื ืืืื ืขืื ืชื ืืกืช :ืื
ื ืืืืจ ืืจื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืฉ ืืงืจืืื :ืืจืื ื ืืื ืื
ืื ืื ื ื ืืืคื ื ืืชืงื ืื ืงืืฉืืืจืื ืื ืชืฉืืื :ืื
ื ืื ื ืืืจืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืฉืฉืื ืืฉืข :ืชืกืื
ืื ืื ืื ืืฉืืืืืืืื ืคืฉืขืื ืืจื ื :ืืืืืื ื
ื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืืืืืฆืื ืืืื ื ืืฉืื ื ืฆืืงืช :ืชืฉืืขืชื ืชืจื
ืืืคื ืืืื ืืื ื ืฉืคืชื ืชืคืชื ืื :ืชืืืช
ื ื ืชืืคืฅืื ืื ืื ืช ืื ืื ืื :ืขืืื ืื ืชืจืฆ
ื ืืืืื ืจืื ื ืฉืืจื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืชืื ื ื ืฉืืจ ืื ืื :ื
ืช ืฆืืื ื ืืืืื ืืจืฆืื ื ื :ืชืื ื ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืืื
ืง ืขืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืขืื ืขื ืืืืื ืคืจืืืชืืคืฅืื ืื ื ื ืฆ :ืืื
ื"ืืืืืจ ื
ืืืื ืขืื ืชื ืื
ืื ืืืจื ืจืื ืคืฉืขืืื
ื ื ื ืืืืืืชืืืก ื ืืืฉ
ื ืจ ื ืื ืขืื ืืืืก ื
ืืขืื ืืคืฉืขืืื ื
ื ืืืื ื ืืืืกืช ืชืืืืข
ืืื ื ื ืื ืืืจืชืืื ืื
ืืืืชื ื ืืื ืืืจ
ืืืืงืช ืืืืืืจ ืืฉืืจืฉืืจืื ืคื ืืืืื
: ืื, ื"ืฉืืืื ื ื ืจืื ืืื ืขืืื ืื ืืฆืืช ืืื
ืื ืข ืืืืืืจืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืื'ืื ืืืื ืืื :ื
ืงืฉืจืื ืขื ืกืคืจืื ืืืจืื
ื ื ืื
ืช ืืืจ ื: ืื.ื, ื"ืฉืืืื ื ื ืื ื' ืืืืข ืืืืช ื ื ื ืชื ...ืืขืฉืืช ืืจืข ืืข ืจ ืืื ื ...'ืื ืืืืชืืืืื ืื ืขืฉืืชื ืืืืชืืื ืืืื ื ืื ืืืจืข ืืข
ื"ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืงืื ืฉื ืืขื ืชืฉืืื ืืืงืจื ืืขื ืคื ืื
ื"ืชืฉ, ืืจืืฉืืื, ('ื, ืืืกืฃ ืืืืฉืื ืืืืืืช-ืืืืช )ืชืฉืืื ืืฉืืื : ืืชืื(" ืื-ืื, ืฉืืืื ื)ืืืคืช ืืืขืื ืชืฉืืื -ืืื ืื ืืฉื "ืืืืื ืืืืฆืืจ
ืืืขื ืชืฆืืง ... ืื ืืืื ืืืืชื: "ื"ืืืจืฉ ืชืืืื ืืืืืจ ื
ื ืืื ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืืื ืื ืืฆื ืจืืคื ? ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื". ืืืืจ
ืฆืจ ืื ืขืืื -ืืืื ืืจืืคื ืืชืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืชื
ืื ืืฉืืืื -ืืชื ืฆืจ ืื ืขืื : ืืืจ ืื ืืืชื ืื ืฉืืจ. ืืื
ืืืื ื "ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืงื! ืืื ืืฉืืจ ืฉืื, ื ืฉืืจืชื
ืื , ืืื ืื ืขืฉืืชื ืชืฉืืื, ืืฉืชืื ืืืืจ ืืคืืฉืขืื, ืืืืชื
ืืื ื ืืขื , ืืืกืชืืืื ืื ืืื, ืชืงืืื ื ืื ืืคืืฉืขืื ืืฉืืืืื ืื
ื "ืืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืจ , ืืขืื ืฉืืชื ืืงืื ืืช ืืฉืืื ื
ื ืืืืืื ื ืชืชืื ืืื ืื , ืืื ืื ื ืืืื)*((ื, ื"ืืฉืขืื ื " )ืข
ื ื"ืฉื ืืืจ , ืืฉืจืื ืื ื ื ื ืข ืจ ืืืจืชื' ืืช ..." ืืขืืื ืืฉ
(.ื, ื"ืืฉืขืืื ื)
ืืื: "ืืจืื ืืืฉื ืืคืกืืง)*( ื ืื ื ืืืืืื ื ืชืชืื ื ืืื ืืืฆื ื ืข ". ื
ืื ืฉืืขื : "ืืงืฉืจ ืืืื ืืคืืจืฉ ืืคืกืืง ืืงืืื ืฉื ื ืืืื ื ืืื ืืื ื
ืืื ืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืืจืืช ืขืืื ืืกื ืืจืชื ืื ื ืื :"ืืชืื ื ืคืฉื
Midrash Tehillim 51: โAgainst You alone I have sinnedโฆso You are
justified in Your words.โ To what can David be compared? To one who was
broken and went to the doctor and the doctor was amazed and said: "How
badly are you hurt! I feel very sorry for you". He said to him: "You feel bad
for me? Not because of you was I broken, but rather for your reward!".
This is what David said to the Holy One Blessed Be He: "To You alone I
sinnedโ so that when You will ask sinners why they didnโt repent, if You
accept me, all the sinners will pay You, and they will all look at me and I
am the witness that You accept all those who repent, as the Holy One
Blessed Be He says, "Behold, a witness to nations have I appointed him
(Isaiah 55,4)" and not just me alone, but all of Israel, as it is written, "You
are My witnesses," says the Lord, "and My servant whom I chose (Isaiah
43,10)".
:(ื"ืข'ืืืจืืืขืืืืืืืงืืื)ื"ืขื"ืืงืืืืืขื
:ืืืชืืืืื:ืืื ืชืืจืืืืืจื ืืื ืืืจืฉืืืืืจืืืืืจ
ื" ืืืืื ื ืืืฉืื ืจืื ื ื ืงืืื ,ื"ื'ืืฉืืืื)"ืขืื
ืชืฉืืืืฉืืขืืืืฉืืงืืืืฉืืืืืืื ืื?(ื
Moed Katan 16: (in parallel with Avoda Zara 5:):
Rav Shmuel son of Nachmani said in the name of Rav Yonatan: "Why is it
written the saying of David the son of Yishai, and the saying of the man
raised on highโ (II Samuel 23, 1)? These are the words of David the son of
Yishai who established the yoke of repentance
: ื"ื ืข"ืฉืืช ื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื : ืืืจ ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืจ ื ืืื ื ืืืจ ืจืื ืืื ืชื
ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืฉืืื , ืืื ื ืืื ืืืขื-ืืื
ืืคืฉืจ ืืื ืื ืืืื , (ืื, ื"ื' ืฉืืืื ื)' ืขืื ืืื' ืื
ืช ืืืจ ื'ืืื ืื ืื ื ืืงืืื ? ืืฉืืื ื ืขืื ' ืืืืข ืืืืช ื
ืฉืืืงืฉ ืืขืฉืืช ืืื ? (ื, ื"ื' ืฉืืืื ื)' ืืขืฉืืช ืืจืข
ืขืฉื
Shabbat 56.
Rav Shmuel son of Nachmani said in the name of Rav Yonatan: whoever
says that David sinned is not correct, as it written "And David was successful
in all his ways; and the Lord was with him" (I Samuel 18, 14), how could it
be possible that David sinned and God was with him? Rather, how can I
carry out, "Why have you despised the word of the Lord, to do what is evil"
(II Samuel 12, 9)? He wanted to do it, but he didnโt
ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืกืคืจื ืื ืืื ืืฉื ืื ืคืกืืงืื ืืืกืืคื ืืื : (ื, ื"ื )ืืื ืขืืจื
ืืืืกืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืชื ืคื ืืคื ื ืืฉื ืืืชืคืื ืืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืฆืจืืื ืืืืจ ืื
ืื ื ืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืจืื , ืืขืืืจ ืฉืื ื ืืืข ืื ืฆืืื ืืื ืืืงืื ืื ืืืจ ืจืง ืืขืช ืืงื ืืช ืืื
:ืืงืืืฉ
ืฉืืื ืืืืจืฉื ืฉื ืืื ืืืื
ืืื ื ืืช ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืืื
ืืจืืืืช ืืืื ืืืืืช
ืืืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืขื
ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืืื
ืืืืช ืืื ืขื
ืืื ืืจืืกืช
ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืืื
: ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื
ืช ืฆืืื ืืืืื ืืจืฆืื ื ื ื
:ืชืื ื ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืื
ื ืืืื ืจืืื ืืช ืืืืืช
ืืชืขืืจืจ , ืืจืืฉืืื
ืืคืขืื ืืืขื ืื ืืื
ืืื ืืื ืืช ืฉืืืช ืฆืืื
ืจ"ืืืืฉืืืืืืื
ื:ื',ืืืืืืื ืชืฉืืืืืืชืืช ืืคืจืขืื ื ืชืืืงืืืฆืจืืื ื ืคืจืขืืืชื ืืืืืื ืชืืื ืืชืืืชืืขืืืืืขืืจื ืืชืื ืชื ืืชืื ืช'ืื ืืืืชืื
:ืกืืืืืจืืฉืื
ืจืืืกืืืจืืื:ืื',ืืืืืืื ืขืืืืฉ ืื ื ืชืืื ืืชืฉืืืืื ืืชื ืช'ืื ืืชืืื ืชื ืชืืืืืืื ืชืืจืืฉืืืืืืชืื ืชืืฆืจืื ืชืืืืืื ืจืื :ืื
ืช:(ืื,ื"ืืืืืืืืืืจื)ืื,ื"ืืืืืืื ืืืืฆืืืืื ื ืืืืืืื ืืืืืืฉื ืืืืืืฉืชืคืฉืืืืืืื ื ืื ืืชืืฉืจื ืฉืื ืืจืืฉืืืืืืืฉื
ืคืจืืืืฉืขืจืืจืืฉืืืืืืืชืืืคืจืฅ ืืืชืืจืืขืืคื ืืฉืขืจืขืื :ืืืื
ื ืช ืฆืืื ืชืื ืืืืื ืืจืฆืื ื ื :ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืืื
ืจ"ืืืืืจืื
ืช:(ื,ื"ืืืจืืื)ื,ื"ืืืืืืื ืืืืื ืชืฆืืกืืืืืจืืฉืืืืืืชืื ืจืืฉืืืื :ืืืืืืจืืืฉ
ืช:ื,ื"ืืืจืืืื ืืชืื ืื ื ืชืื ืืชืื ืฉืืืฉืืืืฉืจืคืืืขืื ืชืื :ื ืชืฆืืืจืืฉืืืืืืชืื
ืชืืืฉืจืคื:ืื,ื"ืืืืืืืืืืจื ืืชื ืชืืื ืชืฆืืืืืืืื ืื ืืืืืจืืฉืืืืืืชื ืฉืฉืจืคืืืจืื ืืช ืืืืืื ืื ืื :ืืืฉืืืชืืืื
ืฆืืืืฉืืืชืืืื
ืืืืืืืืืืฉืืจืืืืคืงืืชืืืจืืฉืืืืืืชืืืขื:ืืืืืืขืืืืืฉืืฉืืืืขืืืชืืืืฉืืฉืื ืืืืืขืืืืืชืืืืืืืจืืืขืืื:ื-ื,ื"ืกืืฉืขืืื
ืชืืืืืจืืืืืฉืืืืชืืืืืืืื ืืืื'ืื ืื :ืื
ืืืืื:ื,ื"ื ืชืืืื ืชืืจืฆืื ืื ืืฆืืืื :ืืจืืฉืืืืืืืชืชืื
ืจืื ืฉืืจืืืืืืืืืจื:ื',ืื ืืืื ืจืคืืืืืืืจืขืืืืืื ืืฉืืืฉืืืืื ืฉืืจืืืฉ ืชืืจืืฉืืืืืืืชืืื ืื ืืคืจืฆ ืฉื ืฆืชืืืฉืขืจ :ืื
ืฆืื:ืื',ืื ืืืื ืืืืืืืืืืืฉืขืจืื ืืื ืืืคื ืืืชื ืืืข ืจืืืืืืืฉืคืชืฉืขืจืื ืจืืจืืฉืืืืืืืชืฉื ืืืฉ ืื ืคืจืืฆืืื ืืืืืฉืขืจ ืฉื ...ืื
ืืืืืืจ:ืื',ืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืจืืจืขืืจืืืืืช ืจืืืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืืจืืฉืืืืฉ ืื ืืจ ืฉื ืฆืชืืืฉืขืจ ืชืื ืื ืืืืืื ืขืืื ืืืืืืืืจืืฉืืืืืืชื
ืจืคื :ื
ืจืืืื:ื',ืื ืืืื ืืืืืืจืืฉืืืืืืืชืืจืืืืขืืชืืืืืืืฉืืืืืืืืขืื ืืืืืขืจืืืืืืืืืืกื ืืืืฉืืขืืืฉ ื ืฆืืื ืืืคืจ ืืืืืจืืืกืช ืื
:ืืื
ืชืืงืฉืืืจืืฉืืืืืืชืืืื ืืช:ืื-ืื,ื"ืื ืืืื ื ืืืืืืฆืืชืืืืืฉืืจืืืชืืืืชืืฉืืืืื ืืืืขืฉืชืืืจืืฉืืืืืืืืืืงืืืชืืืืืืืืืื
ืืกืคื:ืืืื ืจืืช ืืื ืืืืืืจืืฉืืืกืืืืืชืืืืจืืืืืืฉืจืจืืืื :ื ืืคืชืืืฆืจ
20 Show Your favor to Zion; build the walls of Jerusalem
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื :ืืื ืฆ
ืืื ื ืชื ืื ืืื ื ื ืืช ืฉืืขืืืื ื ืจ ืื ื :ืืืฉ
ื ื ื ื ืืืืื ืืืกื ื ืคืฉืขืืื ืื ืื :ืืจื ืจืื
ื ื ืจ ื ืื ืขืื ื ืืืก ื ืื ืืืืชื ืืืจ :ืื
ืืข ื ืืื ืชืืืืื ืคืฉืขื ืื ื ื :ืืืืืชื ื
ืื ืขืฉืืชื ืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ื ืื ืืืจืข ืืข
ื ืืืืขื ืชืฆืืง ืืืืจ ื ืืฉืคื :ืชืื
ื ืืขืืื ืืืืืชื ื ืื ื :ืืืืืืืชื ืืืื
ืืืช ื ืช ืืคืฆืช ืื ื ืื ื ืื ื ืืืื ืชืืืืข :ืืืกืช
ื ืื ืืืจ ืชืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืื ื ืืืืืืชืืืก ื :ืืืฉ
ื ื ืฉืฉืื ืืฉืืื ื ืื ื ืขืฆืืืช ืชืฉืืืข :ืืืืช ืชื
ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืจ ืคื ืืืกืช :ืืื ืขืื ืชื ืื
ื ืืืืจ ืืจื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืฉ ืืงืจืืื :ืืจืื ื ืืื ืื
ืื ืื ื ื ืืืคื ื ืืชืงื ืื ืงืืฉืืืจืื ืื ืชืฉืืื :ืื
ื ืื ื ืืืจืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืฉืฉืื ืืฉืข :ืชืกืื
ืื ืื ืื ืืฉืืืืืืืื ืคืฉืขืื ืืจื ื :ืืืืืื ื
ื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืืืืืฆืื ืืืื ื ืืฉืื ื ืฆืืงืช :ืชืฉืืขืชื ืชืจื
ืืืคื ืืืื ืืื ื ืฉืคืชื ืชืคืชื ืื :ืชืืืช
ื ื ืชืืคืฅืื ืื ืื ืช ืื ืื ืื :ืขืืื ืื ืชืจืฆ
ื ืืืืื ืจืื ื ืฉืืจื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืชืื ื ื ืฉืืจ ืื ืื :ื
ืช ืฆืืื ื ืืืืื ืืจืฆืื ื ื :ืชืื ื ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืืื
ืง ืขืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืขืื ืขื ืืืืื ืคืจืืืชืืคืฅืื ืื ื ื ืฆ :ืืื
ื"ืืืืืจ ื
: ืคืชืื
ืืื ืืื
ืืืช ืฉืืข
ืืคืจื
ืืืืจื
ืืืืื
ืืขืืจ
ืืืจื
ืืืจืืื
ืืืฉื
ืืขืชืื
ืืืื
ืืขืชืื
ืงืฉืจืื ืขื ืกืคืจืื ืืืจืื
ื ื: ื.ื.ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ืืื ... ืืืืื ืืืกื
ืื ืขืฉืืชืืืืื ืื ืื ... ืืืืชื ืืืจืข ืืข
ื ืืืืื ืื ื ื ืฉืืจ ืื ืื ืื ... ืชืื
ืช ืืืจ ืืืืืช ืืืืข : ืื.ืื.ื, ื"ืฉืืืื ื ื ืืขืฉืืช ' ื
ืื ื ืืืจืข ืืข ืจ ืช ืืืจืื ืืืชื ืืืืช ืื ื ...ื ืจ ืืื ื ืืืืืข ... 'ืื ืืืืชืื ืชื ื' ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืจืชื ืื ืืื ...ืืื ืืื
ื : ืื-ืื; ืื, ื"ื, ื"ืืืืงืื ื ืืื ืชืชื ืื ืื ื ื ืืจืื ืืืฉืื ืช ืื ืืงืจืื
ืืืืกืจืชื ื ื ื ืืืฉืจื ืื ืชืชื ืื ื ืืื ื ืืื ... ืืฉืจื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืจืงืชื ืขื
ื ื ืืืืจืช ืื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืช ืจืืื ื ืืืื ืชื ื : ื ื ืืืฉืื ืชืชื ืื ื
ื ืืจืื ืืืฉื ืช ืื ืช ืืงืจืื ืืืืกืจืชื ื ื ื ื ืื ืชืชื ืื ื ืืืฉืจื ื ืืื :ืืฉืจื
ืื ืื ืื ืื ืื ืืื : ืื, ื"ื; ืื, ื"ืืฉืขืืื ื ื ืคืฉืข ืืืืืขื ื ืื ืืืืืช
ืืืจ ืืืืขื ืืืืชื.... ืื ื ืขื ื ืคืฉืข ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืชืืืืืืืช ...ืฉืืื ื
ื ื: ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ืืืจ ืชืืื ืืื ืื ืื
ื ื ื ืืืืืืชืืืก ื ืืืฉ
ืคืช : ืื-ืื, ื"ืืืืืจ ื ืขืคืจ ืฉืจ ื ื ืื ืชื ืืืืืชืืืงืื ืืื
ืื ื ื ืืืืืืงื : ืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ื ... ืืืืจืืืื ืืืื ืืืฉ ื
ืกืืืื ืืฉืืืขื ืืืืื ืจืืืืื ืืจืืฅ ืืืื ืืื ืืืื :ืืขืจ
ืืืชืื ืฉืช : ืื, ื"ืืืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื : ืื ืื ื ืชื ืืฉ
' ืืื ื ื ืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ื: ืื', ืืฉืขืืื ื
ืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืืฉื ืื ืืื ื ืืฉ
ื ืคืฉืขื: ืื.ืื.ื.ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ืืืืืชื ... ืื
ืืืื ... ืื ืืืืืื... ืขืื ืชื ืื ื ืืฉืืืื
ืืืืชื : ืื.ื.ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ืื
ื ื ืืืจ
ืืื ... ื ื ืื ืืืจืชืืื ื ืืืืจ... ืื ื
ืฉ ืืงืจืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืจื ืื ืืืืื ืื
ืช ืืคืฆืช : ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ื ืื ืืืชื ื ืื ืืืืืืืกืช
ื ื ืชืืืืข
: ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื
ื ื ืืืืชืืื ืืืจืื ืื
ื ื ื ืืืืืืชืืืก ื :ืืืฉ
ื ื : ืื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ืืฆืื
ืืืืื ืืืืื
ื ืืืฉ : ื, ื"ื' ืฉืืืื ื ื ืฆ ืืืืฉ ืืืืืขื ืืืืืืืื ืืืจ ืฉืืขื ืืงืืื ืฆ
ืืืจ ' ืืืื ืขืื ืืืจ ื: ื, ื"ื' ื ื"ืืื ืืจื ืฉืคืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืช ืืฉืื ืื ืจืืื ืฉืคืืช ืืจืฆื ืืคื ื ืืืืืขืฉืืช ืื ืชืื
ืืช ืืืืื ืืจืืช : ืื-ื, ื"ืืจืืืื ื ืช ื ื ืื ืืช ืืฉืจื ืช ื ... ืืืฉืืืืจืชื ื
ืช ืชืืจืชื ... ื ืืืืืืขื ืืงืจืืื ืชืชื ื ืืชื ืช ืืืืืืืื ... ื ืขืื ืืืฉ ื
ืช ื ืืืจ ืืขื ื ืช ืืืื ื ืื ืืืืฉ ื ืข ืื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืืชื ืืืงืื ื ืืขื ' ืจ
ืกืื ื ืืงืืง ืื ื ืืืจ ืขืืืืขืื ื ืืืืืืชื ืืืืื ื ื : ืื ื
ื ื : ืื.ืื.ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ื ืืืก ืจ ืขืื ื ื ื
ืืืืชื ื ืืื ื... ืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืจื ืื ื
ืฉืืืืื ืืจืื ื ืืื ืืืืื: ืืงืจืืืื
ืื ืืฉืืื ื ืื ืืืืืื ื :ืคืฉืขืื ืืจื
' ืขื ืคื ืื ืืืงืจื ื' ืืืขืืจ ื: ื-ื, ื"ืฉืืืช ื
ื ' ื ื ืืคืื ืืจื ืจืืื ืืื ืื ื ืจ ืื ืก ืชื : ืืื
ืจ ืื ืฆ ืก ื ื ืฉืข ืืืืืืขืืืืืืคืื ื ืฉ ... ืืค
ื ื: ื-ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ืืืืืื ืื ืืจื ืืืกื
ืื ื ืจืื ื ื : ืคืฉืขืืื ื ืืืก ืจ ืขืื ืื ื
ืืืืชื ื ืืื ืืข ืคืฉืขืืื : ืืืจ ืืืืืชืืื ื ื
ืืื ืชืืื :ื
ืจืืช ืืื ืืืขืชืืืืฉืืชืืฉืืขืชืื : ... ื-ื, ื"ืืฉืขืืื ื ืขืชื ืื ืฆ ืืื ืืจืืืขืชื : ื ... ืืื ื
ืืื ืื ื ื : ืื-ืื, ื"ืืฉืขืืื ืก ืฅ ืืืฉืืืฉืืื ืืืจ ืื ื ืืืฉืืืืจ ืืื ืชืืืจื ื ืืจืืฉื ืืช ืืื ืชืขืื ืจ ืื ื : ืขื ื ื ืขื ืืฉ ืืื ืื ืฉืืฉื ืืืืื ืขื ืืื ืื ื ื ืืืจ ืช ืืจืืฉืื ืืืื ืืขืื ืืฉืืฉืืืจ : ื
ืื ืื : ืื, ื"ืืจืืืื ื ืจืืืฉื' ืืืจืืขื ืืชื ืชืชืืืงืื ืืืช ืืฉืื ื ืื ืื ืชืกืื ืฅ ื ืง : ืืืจ
ื : ืื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ื
ืื ืืืืื ืืจืืืืืจ
ืฉืืจืื ื ืืื :ืืงืจืืืื
(ื, ื"ืจืื ืื ืง)
ืช:ืื,ื"ื ืืฉืขืืื ืืืืืืืืชืฉืคืืืืจืื ืืืืืืชืจืื ืืฉืคืืืืืื :ื ืืืืืื
ืจืืชื'ืืืฉืืืขื:ื-ื,ื"ืกืืฉืขืืื ืืืืืฉืฉืืื ืืขื ืืืืืืฉ ืืื ืฉืืจ ืืงืจืื:ืงืื ืคืงืืืืืกืืจืืืืจืืจืืฉืืืื
ืืืืืืืจื ืืขืืืืื ื:ืื,ื"ืกืืฉืขืืื ืื ืืชืฆืขืงืืืืช ืืืื ืจื ื ืจืื ืืืฉ:ืชืืืืื
ืืืืืจื:ื',ืืืืืงืื ืื ืจืืืืืืืืชืืคืืื ืจืฉืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืชื ืฉืืจืชืืืฉ ...ืืืื
ื:ืื,ื"ื ืชืืืื ืืืืืืืื
ืื ืฉืืจืืจืื ืื ืฉืืจื ืื ืื
ืืืจืื):ืชืืืืืืืืืื
(ื,ื"ืงื;ืื,ื"ืก;ืื,ื"ื
Baba Batra 14:
David wrote the Book of
Tehillim by 10 wise men:
By Adam, Malkizedek,
Abraham, Moses, Heiman,
Yeduthun, Asaf and the
three sons of Korach
King DavidShir haShirim Raba Parasha 4 (Ecclesiasticles Raba chapter 7)
Ten people said the Book of Tehillim: Adam, Abraham,
Moses, David, Solomon; there is no controversy
regarding these five. Who are the remaining five? Rav
and Rav Yochanan:
Rav says: Asaf, Heiman, Yeduthun, and the three sons
of Korach and Ezra. Rav Yochanan says: Asaf and
Heiman and Yeduthun (count as) one, and the three
sons of Korach (count as) one and Ezra.
Ezra the Scribe
ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืกืคืจื ืื ืืื ืืฉื ืื ืคืกืืงืื ืืืกืืคื ืืื : (ื, ื"ื )ืืื ืขืืจื
ืืืืกืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืชื ืคื ืืคื ื ืืฉื ืืืชืคืื ืืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืฆืจืืื ืืืืจ ืื
ืื ื ืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืจืื , ืืขืืืจ ืฉืื ื ืืืข ืื ืฆืืื ืืื ืืืงืื ืื ืืืจ ืจืง ืืขืช ืืงื ืืช ืืื
:ืืงืืืฉ
: ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื
ืช ืฆืืื ืืืืื ืืจืฆืื ื ื ื
:ืชืื ื ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืื
ืืืช ืฉื ื
ื"ืชืืืื ื
ืืืช ืจืืฉืืื"ื-ื"ืฉืืืื ื ื
ื ื: ื.ื.ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ืืื ืื... ืืืืื ืืืกื
ืื ืขืฉืืชืืืืื ืื ื ... ืืืืชื ืืืจืข ืืข ื
ื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืฉืืจ ืื ืื ... ืชืื
ืช ืืืจ ืืืืช ืืืืข : ืื.ืื.ื, ื"ืฉืืืื ื ื ื
ืื ื ' ื ืช ืืืจืื ืืืชื ืืขืฉืืช ืืจืข ืืข ื
ื ืจ ืข ...ืืืืช ืื ' ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืจืชื ืื ืืืื ื ื ืชื ... ืืื ืืื ืจ ืืื ื ' ืื ืืืืชืืืืื
ื ื : ืื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ืืืืืืืืืืืืฆืื
ื ืืืฉ : ื, ื"ื' ืฉืืืื ื ื ืฆ ...ืืืืืืืื ืืืจ ืฉืืขื ืืงืืื ืฆ
ืืืจ ' ืืืื ืขืื ืืืจ ื: ื, ื"ื' ื ื"ืืื ืืจื ืฉืคืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืช ืืฉืื ืื ืจืืื ืฉืคืืช ืืจืฆื ืืคื ื ืืืืืืืืืช ืขืฉืืช ืื ืชืื
ืฉืืื ืืืืจืฉื ืฉื ืืื ืืืื
ืืื ื ืืช ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืืื
ืืจืืืืช ืืืื ืืืืืช
ืืืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืขื
ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืืื
ืืืืช ืืื ืขื
ืืื ืืจืืกืช
ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืืื
: ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื
ืช ืฆืืื ืืืืื ืืจืฆืื ื ื ื
:ืชืื ื ืืืืืช ืืจืืฉืื
ื ืืืื ืจืืื ืืช ืืืืืช
ืืชืขืืจืจ , ืืจืืฉืืื
ืืคืขืื ืืืขื ืื ืืื
ืืื ืืื ืืช ืฉืืืช ืฆืืื
ืืืืชื : ืื.ื.ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ื ืืื ืืืจ
ืืื ... ื ื ืื ืืืจืชืืื ื ืืืืจ... ืื ืืจื ื
ืฉ ืืงืจืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืื ืืืืื ืื
ื : ืื-ืื; ืื, ื"ื, ื"ืืืืงืื ื ืืื ืชืชื ืื ืื ื ื ืืจืื ืืืฉืื ืช ืื ืืืืกืจืชื ืืงืจืื ื
ื ื ืืืฉืจื ืื ืชืชื ืื ื ืืื ื ืืื ... ืืฉืจื ืื ื ืืืจืงืชื ืขื ื ืืืืจืื ืืืืจืช ืื ืืืืช ืืื ื
ื ืื ืจืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืชื ื : ื ื ืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืืฉืืื ืชืชื ืื ื ื ืช ืื ืช ืืงืจืื ืืืืกืจืชื ื ื
ื ื ืื ืชืชื ืื ื ืืืฉืจื ื ืืื :ืืฉืจื
ืืืชืื ืฉืช : ืื, ื"ืืืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื : ืื ืื ื ืชื ืืฉืช ืืคืฆืช : ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ื ืื ืืืชื ืื
ื ื ืืืืืืืืกืช ืชืืืืข
ื ื: ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ืืืจ ืชืืื ืืื ืื ืื
ื ื ื ืืืืืืชืืืก ื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ' ืืื ื ื ืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ื: ืื', ืืฉืขืืื ื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืืฉื ืื ืืื ื ืืฉ
ืื ืื ืื ืื ืื ืืื : ืื, ื"ื; ืื, ื"ืืฉืขืืื ื ื ืคืฉืข ืืืืืขื ื ืื ืืืจืืืืืช ืืืืชื.... ืื ื
ืืืืขื ืขื ื ืคืฉืข ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืชืืืืืืืช ืฉืืื ื
ืื : ืื.ืื.ื.ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ื ืืจื ืจืื ืื
ืืื ืชืืืืืืืืชื... ืคืฉืขื ืขืื ืชื ืืื ... ื
ื ืื ืืืืืื... ืื ื ืืฉืืืื
ื ืืืืจ : ืื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ืื ืืืืื ืืจืื
ืฉืืจืื ื ืืื :ืืงืจืืืื
(ื, ื"ืจืื ืื ืง)
ืจืืช ืืื ืืืขืชืืืืฉืืชืืฉืืขืชืื : ... ื-ื, ื"ืืฉืขืืื ื ืขืชื ืื ืฆ ืืื ืืจืืืขืชื : ื ... ืืื ื
ืืื ืื ื ื : ืื-ืื, ื"ืืฉืขืืื ืก ืฅ ืืืฉืืืฉืืื ืืืจ ื ืขื ... ืืืฉืืืืจ ืื ืื ืฉืืฉื ืืืืื ืขื
ืจ ืื ื ืืืฉ ืืื ืื ื ื ืืืจ ืช ืืจืืฉืื ืืืื ืืขืื ืืฉืืฉืืืจ :ื
ืช:ืื,ื"ื ืืฉืขืืื ืืืืืืืืชืฉืคืืืืจืื ืืืืืืชืจืื ืืฉืคืืืืืื :ื ืืืืืื
ืจืืชื'ืืืฉืืืขื:ื-ื,ื"ืกืืฉืขืืื ืืืืืฉืฉืืื ืืขื ืืืืืืฉ ืืื ืฉืืจ ืืฉืืืืืืงืจืื:ืงืื ืคืงืืืืืกืืจืืืืจืืจ
ืืืืืืืจื ืืขืืืืื ื:ืื,ื"ืกืืฉืขืืื ืื ืืชืฆืขืงืืืืช ืืืื ืจื ื :ืชืืืืืืจืื ืืืฉ
ืืืืืจื:ื',ืืืืืงืื ืื ืจืืืืืืืืชืืคืืื ืจืฉืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืชื ืฉืืจืชืืืฉ ...ืืืื
ื:ืื,ื"ื ืชืืืื ืื ืฉืืจืืจืื ืืืืืืืื ื
ืื ืฉืืจ ,ื"ืืืืจืื):ืชืืืืืืืืืืืื ืื
(ื,ื"ืงื;ืื,ื"ืก;ืื
ื ื: ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ืืืืชืืื ืืืจืื ืื
ื ื ื ืืืืืืชืืืก ื :ืืืฉ
ื ื: ื-ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ืืืืืื ืื ืืจื ืืืกื
ืื ื ืจืื ื ื : ืคืฉืขืืื ื ืืืก ืจ ืขืื ื ื ื
ืืืืชื ื ืืื ืืข ืคืฉืขืืื : ืืืจ ืืืืืชืืื ื ื
ืืื ืชืืื :ื
ืืืงืื : ืื-ืื, ื"ืืืืืจ ื
ืคืช ืขืคืจ ืฉืจ ื ื ืืื
ืืืืืืงื ... ืืืืืช ื
... ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืฉ
ืกืืืื ืืฉืืืขื ืืืืื ืืื
ืจืืืืื ืืจืืฅ ืืืื ืืื
ื :ืืขืจ
ื ' ื' ื: ื-ื, ื"ืฉืืืช ื ื
ื ืืคืื ืืจื ืจืืื ืืื ืื ืจ ื
ื ืก ืชื ืจ : ืืื ืื ืฆ ืก ื
ื ืฉืข ืขืืืืืืคืื ื ืฉ ืืค
ืืืืื
ืืช ืืืืื ืืจืืช : ืื-ื, ื"ืืจืืืื ื ืช ื ื ืื ืืช ืืฉืจื ืช ื ืช ืชืืจืชื ...ืืืฉืืืืจืชื ื ื ืชืชื ื
ื ืืืืืืขื ืืงืจืื ืืชื ืช ืืืืืืืืื ... ื ืืืจ ืืขื ื ืช ืืืื ื ืื ืืืืฉ ื ืข ืช ืจ ' ืขืื ืืืฉ ื
ื ื ืกืื ' ืื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืืชื ืืืงืื ื ืืขื ืืืืื ื ื ืืืจ ืขืืืืขืื ื ืืืืืืชื ืื ื : ืื ื
ื ื : ืื.ืื.ื, ื"ืชืืืื ื ื ืืืก ืจ ืขืื ื ื ื
ืืืืชื ื ืืื ื... ืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืจื ืื ืืืืื ื
ืฉืืจืื ื ืืื ืคืฉืขืื ืืืืื: ืืงืจืืืื
ืื ืืฉืืื ื ืื ืืืืืื ื :ืืจื
ืจืืืฉื' ืืืจืืื : ...ืื, ื"ืืจืืืื ื ื ืื ืื ืชืกืื ืฅ ื ืง : ืืืจ
(โSitz in der Literaturโ)
ื"ื 'ื
? ?
ืืคืชืื ืฉื ื"ื
ืืืืกืฃ ืืฉื ื ืืืื
!ืฉืืขืืจ ืืื
ื : ืื', ื ืื
ืชืืื ืืืืื ื ื
ื ืจ ืืฉื ื
ื ื ืืืฉืข ืืจื
:ืืืืื
Psalms 1-150
The Book of Psalms
Interpretation &Teachings
30 lecturesOnline
www.tehillim.org.il
Tehillim 50 51
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Summary
โข Mizmor 51 โ Structure & Messages
โข Mizmor 51 versus the story in II Samuel 11-12
โข II Samuel (1st Temple) Tehillim (2nd Temple)
โข Mizmor 51 โ Image of King David in Tehillim(โ Talmud = Contextual Interpretation of Tehillim)
โข Mizmor 51 โ between Asaf I (50) + D2 (52-72)
โข 1st + 2nd collections of King David (D1+D2)