Radio Graphic Testing Procedure Gamma

Project No.

EPC FOR ASAB FFD PROJECT

Document No.

PROCEDURE FOR GAMMA RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING

A INITIAL DOCUMENT

REV. DATE ORIGINATOR REVIEWED APPROVED DESCRIPTION

THIS DOCUMENT IS INTENDED FOR USE BY ADCO AND ITS NOMINATED CONSULTANTS, CONTRACTORS, MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS.

SUBCONTRACT No. ITEM:

ORIGINATOR : PIL JOB No.

LTIS Doc. No.

WBS Code : 000

Contract No :

ADCO DOC No : PROJ. No : Page 1 of 24

1 WORK MAY PROCEED

2 REVISE AND RESUBMIT. WORK MAY PROCEED SUBJECT TO INCORPORATON OF CHANGES INDICATED.

3 REVISE AND RESUBMIT. WORK MAY NOT PROCEED

4 REVIEW NOT REQUIRED. FOR INFO ONLY

5 CANCELLED / DELETED

By: Date:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE................................................................................................................................ 3

2.0 REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................3

3.0 EXTANT OF EXAMINATION................................................................................................3

4.0 SAFETY............................................................................................................................... 3

5.0 PERSONNEL....................................................................................................................... 4

6.0 EQUIPMENT........................................................................................................................ 4

7.0 MATERIALS......................................................................................................................... 4

8.0 PREPARATION...................................................................................................................5

9.0 CONSIDERATIONS.............................................................................................................9

10.0 CALIBRATION...................................................................................................................10

11.0 METHOD........................................................................................................................... 10

12.0 EVALUATION....................................................................................................................20

13.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA..................................................................................................20

14.0 REPORTS.......................................................................................................................... 20

15.0 RECORDS........................................................................................................................ 21

16.0 APPENDIX ....................................................................................................................... 21

17.0 RADIATION UNITS...........................................................................................................22

18.0 ACTIVITY.......................................................................................................................... 22

19.0 DOSE (ABSORBED).........................................................................................................22

2O.0 DOSE (EQUIVALENT)......................................................................................................22

21.0 RADIATION OUTPUT.......................................................................................................23

DOCUMENT TITLE:Project No.:

ADCO DOC. NO.

RADIOGRAPHY INSPECTION PROCEDURE REV. A DATE :

PAGE 2 OF 25

1.0 SCOPE

This procedure outlines the minimum requirements for the radiographic testing (RT) of process

and utility piping using gamma ray methods for detection of discontinuities in welds and Heat

effected zone in carbon steel and stainless steel in accordance with ASME Boiler & Pressure

Vessel Code, Section V.

2.0 REFERENCES

Lonestar Safety Manual

ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A ; 2001 Edition

Lonestar Written Practice.

Lonestar RT Safety

Lonestar RT Emergency

ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section V Articles 2 & 22 ; Edition 2007,

2009b addenda

ASME Code for process piping B31.3 ; Edition 2008

ASTM E 94: Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination

ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, Divisions 1 & 2 ; 2007 Edition

ADCO Specification, WS-1 Rev 2

Project Spec 14.99.37 (1704 Shop & field fabrication of metallic piping

DEP 30.10.60.18 welding of metals (Amendments) / Supplements to API RP582.

DEP 31.38.01.31 Shop & field fabrication of piping

3.0 EXTENT OF EXAMINATION

Extent of examination shall be as per client requirements

4.0 SAFETY

All personnel shall be aware at all times of hazards both of site and method in order to prevent

accident or injury to self or others.

4.1 General

Care shall be taken in using electrical items ensuring undamaged wiring, correct plug for

socket, correct voltage; for handling materials, e.g. processing chemicals, wash hands

immediately after use, flush eyes with lukewarm water in event of contamination, avoid

smoking, eating and drinking whilst using products.


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 3 OF 25

4.2 Radiological Protection

Radiography shall only be carried out at the area under protected conditions so that the

radiography personnel and any near-by working personnel shall not be subjected to

radiation doses exceeding the permitted levels. Precautions shall be taken when using

remote control gamma ray projectors (cameras) by way of radiation alarm instruments;

radiation surveys meters, warning boards, warning lights, and effective cordoning off of

the surrounding areas while taking radiography.

Radiography personnel shall wear TLDs or film badges, pocket alarms and dosimeters to

monitor operations.

Radiation survey meters shall be used for any movement, including transportation,

involving the projector containing radiation sources and before, during and after exposure

Thorough physical checks shall be carried on taking any radiation producing equipment

to jobsites, when removing from and returning to, secure storage (pit) to monitor for any

physical damages and establish good working condition.

All personnel working in or near radiation areas shall observe the ALARA principle.

5.0 PERSONNEL

Personnel conducting radiography on behalf of Lonestar shall be qualified at least one of the

following,

a) Personnel conducting the test shall be qualified in Radiographic Testing in accordance with

SNT-TC-1A.

b) Personnel having other qualification such as PCN may use this procedure with specific

written approval of Client authorized representative.

5.1 Vision

Personnel performing examination shall have vision, with correction if necessary, as

follows,

a) Near vision acuity: capable of reading Jaeger J-2 or equivalent on standard chart at a

distance of not less than 300 mm (12 in). Test shall be administered annually.

b) Color contrast vision: shall be able to differentiate the contrast among shades of grey

used in method. Test shall be administered annually.

6.0 EQUIPMENT

Gamma ray projectors are, portable remote control type B(U) certified, Tech-Ops 660 rated

3.74 TBq (100 Ci) maximum, D-880 rated 5.5 TBq (150 Ci) maximum of Ir 192 and other

approved and certified models shall be used.

7.0 MATERIALS


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 4 OF 25

7.1 Film

a) Selection

The films used shall conform to ASTM/ASME specification E 94/SE 94 table 2

and be of high contrastor ultra fine grain, high contrast films which qualify as

Type 1 & II ASTM 1818-96.

Class I Film : Agfa Structurix D4, Kodak MX 125, Fuji IX 50

Class II Film : Agfa Structurix D7, Kodak AA 400, Fuji IX 100

Selection of films shall be determined by material by material type and thickness,

radiation energy, source size, source to film distance and sensitivity

requirements. For gamma ray radiography of thickness less than 10 mm class 1

film shall be used.

Films, both un-exposed and exposed, shall be preserved in a place free from heat,

light, pressure, radiation, chemical fumes, smoke, excessive humidity and at

temperatures not more than 300C.

Films shall be used before expiry date as marked by the manufacturer.

b) Processing

All films shall be processed carefully in accordance with time, temperature and

chemicals parameters per ASME Section V Article 22, SE- 94.

Normal development time is 5 to 8 minutes at 200C (680F). The film shall be agitated

horizontally and vertically for few seconds to disperse any air bubbles in each minute

during development time to ensure even processing.

Radiograph presented for interpretation shall be free from process marks, artifacts,

pressure marks or any other marks at the area of interest on the film.

7.2 Intensifying Screens

a) Only lead intensifying screens of thickness 0.125 mm shall be employed for

radiography using Gamma-ray method. Where necessary, single use lead foil

associated with pre-packed film may be used.

b) Screens shall be used in pairs and placed either side of film.

c) Screens shall be free from scratches, dents, dirt or the like

8.0 PREPARATION


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 5 OF 25

8.1 Surface

The weld to be examined shall be free of irregularities such as weld ripples, spatter,

grinding, chipping, other irregularities or extraneous material that may interfere with

interpretation of radiographs.

The weld reinforcement of butt welds shall not exceed the acceptable limits.

8.2 Source Selection

Gamma rays source Ir-192 and/or Se-75 shall be used for radiographic testing.

However gamma rays Ir-192 and/or Se 75 shall be utilized provided radiographic

sensitivity shall be demonstrated as required. The maximum source size shall be

3x3mm.

8.3 Image Quality Indicator

a) Selection

The DIN image quality indicator (IQI) or equivalent conforming to SE 747

subject to Client’s approval shall be used.

Nominal single wall thickness plus permitted reinforcement shall be

considered for selection of applicable IQI.

For radiography involving DWDI technique the single wall thickness plus

allowable reinforcement shall be considered for selection of IQI.

Backing strips shall not be considered in selection of IQI

The selection of IQI shall be in accordance with ASME Section V Article 2, T-276 as follows:

Nominal Single-Wall

Material Thickness Range

IQI

Source Side Film Side

in mmHole-Type

Designation

Wire-Type

Essential

Wire

Hole-Type

Designation

Wire-Type

Essential

Wire

Up to 0.25, incl. Up to 6.4, incl. 12 5 10 4

Over 0.25 through 0.375 Over 6.4 through 9.5 15 6 12 5








ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 6 OF 25

Wire type image quality indicators, SE-747

SetWire no

Ø mm

Wire no

Ø mm

Wire no

Ø mm

Wire no

Ø mm

Wire no

Ø mm

Wire no

Ø mm

A 1/0.08 2/0.10 3/0.13 4/0.16 5/0.20 6/0.25

B 6/0.25 7/0.33 8/0.41 9/0.51 10/0.63 11/0.81

C 11/0.81 12/1.02 13/1.27 14/1.60 15/2.03 16/2.5

D 16/2.5 17/3.2 18/4.06 19/5.1 20/6.4 21/8.0

b) Number of IQI(s) Required

For unidirectional exposure at least one IQI shall appear on each radiograph. Should the

density of radiography vary by more than –15% to + 30% from density measured through the

body of IQI then additional IQI(s) shall be used to cover the other densities.

For panoramic exposure where one or more film holders shall be used then at least three

IQIs shall be used being placed approximately 1200 apart or as per written specification of

client.

For panoramic exposures when covering only a section of circumference at least three IQIs

as one at the center with the other two at each of the ends shall be used.

c) Placement

The IQI shall be located on the source side of the weld being radiographed except when

inaccessibility prevents hand placing of the IQI. In such case then the IQI may be located

on film side with lead marker ‘F’ shall be placed adjacent to IQI.

The plane of the IQI shall be normal to the direction of the radiation beam and identity of

the IQI shall be visible on the radiograph. The identity of IQI or ‘F’ shall not obscure the

area of interest.

Wire IQI shall be placed near to the end of film of weld being radiographed. The length of

wire shall be perpendicular to the length of weld. The lower diameter wire shall be

towards the end of the radiograph and the whole IQI shall be placed adjacent to or on the

weld.


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 7 OF 25

When size or configuration of the object prevents locating IQI on the object it may be

placed on a separate block of the same material and thickness as the part being

radiographed as close as possible to the object.

d) Identification

A system of permanent identification shall be provided on the radiographs with the

following details.

a. Client’s name and job number.

b. Drawing or spool number.

c. Joint number / welder number.

d. Date of radiographic examination.

e. Shot numbers – location markers.

f. Letter ‘R’ if it was after repair and RT for retake.

g. The location (of location markers) shall be marked on the part radiographed.

h. Location markers shall be mounted on the part under examination, not on the

exposure holder/cassette.

Location markers shall be kept on source side or film side as illustrated in figures below.

Flat component or longitudinal seam Curved components with radiation source to

(See sketch (e) for alternate) film distance less than radius of component

(a) (b)

Curved components with convex surface Curved components with radiation source to


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 8 OF 25

towards radiation source film distance greater than radius of

curvature

(c) (d)

Source side marker alternate Curved component with radiation source

Flat component or longitudinal seam at center curvature

x = (t / D) (Mf / 2) (f)

x = additional required coverage

beyond film side location marker

t = component thickness

Mf = film side location marker interval

D = source to component distance

(e)

9.0 CONSIDERATIONS

9.1 Sensitivity

Sensitivity shall be demonstrated with a technique to achieve the required sensitivity of

2% or better as per client’s requirements

The required diameter wire shall be visible on radiograph, unless a higher or lower quality

is agreed with the Client

A radiograph shall be considered acceptable if the contour image of the specified

diameter wire is seen on the radiograph

9.2 Un Sharpness

Source to object distance shall be selected to attain a minimum geometric unsharpness.

This is given by the following formula:

Ug = Ft / d

Ug = Geometric un-sharpness

F = Size of the source

t = Distance from source side of the object to film


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 9 OF 25

d = Source to object distance determined at the approximate centre

of area of interest.

The source to object distance shall be so that the resulting geometrical

unsharpness shall not exceed the following given values

WELD THICKNESS, mm MAXIMUM GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS, mm

Up to 50 0.51

Above 50 to 75 0.76

Above 75 to 100 1.02

Above 100 1.78

9.2 Density

The density adjacent to the required wire of IQI on the diagnostic area of a radiograph

shall be 2.0- 3.5 for single film viewing for radiographs made with gamma source. The

maximum density for either single or composite viewing shall be 4.0. A tolerance of 0.1

in density shall be allowed for variations between densitometer readings.

9.3 Back Scatter

A lead marker ‘B’ of 13 mm height and 1.5 mm thickness shall be fixed on the back of

each film holder to check for backscattered radiation. A white image of the letter ‘B’ on

radiograph indicates insufficient protection from backscatter and radiographs shall be

considered unacceptable, however a black image of letter ‘B’ shall not be a cause for

rejection.

10.0 CALIBRATION

The densitometer shall be calibrates by utilizing a standard step tablet having at least 05 steps

with neutral densities from 1.0 to 4.0. Step wedge calibration film shall be valid for one year upon

opening, provided it is within manufacturer stated shelf life. Calibration of the densitometer shall

be carried out in three (3) month intervals. Calibration shall meet the requirements of T-262 of

ASME Sec V, Article 2.

11.0 METHOD

The radiography technique for the different types of joints shall be selected from the details given

below.


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 10 OF 25

11.1 SWSI Technique

For radiography of long seams of larger diameter shells, test plates or for larger diameter

pipe / shell when part of circumference is radiographed keeping source outside or inside,

for panoramic technique i.e. source at the center of the axis, for pipes of lower diameter

where the placement of source is possible to keep inside and on the opposite wall

(approximately opposite to the center of the area under radiography), the SWSI

technique shall be selected.

(a) (b) (c) Exposure Arrangement for Single Wall Single Image

11.2 DWSI Technique

The DWSI technique shall be used for radiography of pipes diameter more than 88.9 mm

and for higher diameter shells (both sides closed vessels) where placement of films

inside is not possible.

Minimum three or more shots shall be taken to cover the full weld while using this technique.

(a) (b)

Double Wall Single Image

11.3 DWDI Technique

For pipes of diameter less than 88.9 mm diameter two shots at 900 to each other shall be

taken. The two weld images shall be separated in the radiograph for complete coverage

of weld evaluation. Care shall be taken to meet geometric unsharpness value is below

the acceptance level.


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 11 OF 25

Double Wall Double Image

11.4 Double Wall Superimposed Technique

When using super imposed image technique, a minimum three shots shall be taken at

600 or 1200 to each other on pipe joint.

Care shall be taken while marking repair location on the job.

Double Wall Superimposed Technique

12.0 EVALUATION

12.1 Viewing Conditions

The radiograph shall be evaluated / viewed in a room with a subdued background lighting

of intensity such that no reflections, shadows or glare appear on the radiograph. The

illuminator shall provide sufficient variable light intensity to evaluate any radiograph

having 2.0 to 4.0 density range.

12.2 Quality

Radiographs shall be free from all mechanical, chemical or other blemishes. Such

blemishes may include storage, processing and / or handling faults.


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 12 OF 25

12.3 Interpretation

Only certified RT level-2 personnel shall interpret the radiographs and evaluate the

testing results. A copy of the contracted code / standard criteria shall be available for

reference during the interpretation.

12.4 Diagnostic Film Length

It is essential to ensure full coverage of area of interest by overlap with individual

radiographs. Consideration shall be given to each exposure regarding thickness of the

material penetrated at the extremities of the readable area of interest. This area shall be

measured in the direction of the incident beam at that point shall not exceed 10% of the

thickness being examined.

13.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

Imperfections revealed in Radiographic testing shall be

accepted or rejected in accordance with the Reference

Code as applicable. Some typical imperfections and the

acceptance criteria is given below:

Typical Weld Imperfections


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 13 OF 25

13.4 Table-3: ASME B31.3 table 341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria

for Welds and Examination Methods for

Evaluating Weld Imperfections

Criteria (A to M) for Types of Welds and for Service Conditions (Note (1) )

Examination Method

Normal and Category M

Fluid Service

Service Cyclic

Conditions

Category D Fluid Service

Weld Imperfection Radiography

Type of Weld Type of Weld Type of Weld

Girth, Miter Groove & Branch

Connection (Note (4) )

Longitudinal Groove (Note

(2) )

Fillet (Note (3) )

Girth, Miter Groove & Branch

Connection (Note (4) )

Fillet (Note (3) )

Girth, Miter Groove

Longitudinal Groove (Note

(2)

Fillet (Note (3) )

Branch Connection (Note

A A A A √ A A A A A Crack √

A A A A √ A C AN/A

A Lack of fusion √

B A N/A A √N/A

C AN/A

B Incomplete penetration √

E E N/A D √N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Internal porosity √


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 14 OF 25

G G N/A F √N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Internal slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indication

√

H A H A √ A I A H H Undercutting √

A A A A - A A A A ASurface porosity or

exposed slag inclusion (Note (5) )

-

N/A N/A N/A J - JN/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Surface finish -

K K N/A K √N/A

K KN/A

KConcave root surface

(suck up)√

L L L L - L M M M MWeld reinforcement or internal protrusion

-

GENERAL NOTES:

a) Weld imperfections are evaluated by one or more of the types of examination methods given, as specified in paras. 341.4.1, 341.4.2, 341.4.3 and M341.4, or by the engineering design.

b) “N/A” indicates the Code does not establish acceptance criteria or does not require evaluation of this kind of imperfection for this type of weld.

c) Check (√) indicates examination method generally used for evaluating this kind of weld imperfection.

d) Ellipsis (-) indicates examination method not generally used for evaluating this kind of weld imperfection.

13.4.1 Criterion Value Notes for Table 341.3.2 CriterionSymbo

lMeasure

Acceptable Value Limits ( Note (6) )

A Extent of imperfection Zero (no evident imperfection)

BDepth of incomplete penetrationCumulative length of incomplete penetration

≤ 1 mm (1/32 in.) and ≤ 0.2 Tw ≤ 38 mm (1.5 in.) In any 150 mm (6 in.) weld length

C

Depth of lack of fusion and incomplete penetration cumulative length of lack of fusion and incomplete penetration ( Note (7) )

≤ 0.2 Tw

≤ 38 mm (1.5 in.) in any 150 mm (6 in.) weld length

DSize and distribution of internal porosity

See BPV Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix 4

ESize and distribution of internal porosity

For Tw ≤ 6 mm (1/4 in.) limit is same as DFor Tw ≤ 6 mm (1/4 in.) limit is 1.5 x D

F

Slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indicationIndividual lengthIndividual widthCumulative length

≤ 2Tw /3≤ 2.5 mm (3/32 in.) and ≤ Tw /3≤ Tw in any 12 Tw weld length

G Slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indicationIndividual lengthIndividual width

≤ 2Tw

≤ 3 mm (1/8 in.) and ≤ Tw /2≤ 4 Tw in any 150 mm (6 in.) weld length


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 15 OF 25

Cumulative lengthH Depth of undercut ≤ 1 mm (1/32 in.) and ≤Tw/4

I Depth of undercut≤ 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) and ≤ [Tw/4 or 1mm (1/32 in.)]

J Surface roughness ≤ 500 min. Ra per ASME B46.1

K Depth of root surface concavityTotal joint thickness, incl. weld reinf., ≥ Tw

L

Height of reinforcement or internal protrusion ( Note (8) ) in any plane through the weld shall be within limits of the applicable height value in the tabulation at right, except as provided in Note (9). Weld metal shall merge smoothly into the component surfaces.

For Tw mm (in.)≤ 6 (1/4)> 6 (1/4), ≤ 13 (1/2) > 13 (1/4), ≤ 25 (1)> 25 (1)

Height mm (in.)≤ 1.5 (1/16)≤ 3 (1/8 ≤ 4 (5/32≤ 5 (3/16)

MHeight of reinforcement or internal protrusion ( Note (8) ) as described in L. Note (9) does not apply.

Limit is twice the value applicable for L above

Table 341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Welds and Examination Methods for

Evaluating Welds Imperfections (Cont’d)

NOTES:(1) Criteria are given for required examination. More stringent criteria

may be specified in the engineering design. See also paras. 341.5 and 341.5.3

(2) Branch connection weld includes pressure-containing welds in branches and fabricated laps.

(3) Longitudinal groove weld includes straight and spiral seam. Criteria are not intended to apply to welds made in accordance with a standard listed in Table A-1 or Table 326.1. Alternative Leak Test requires examination of these welds; see para. 345.9.

(4) Fillet weld includes socket and seal welds, and attachment welds for slip-on flanges, branch reinforcement, and supports.

(5) These imperfections are evaluated only for welds ≤5mm (3/16 in.) in nominal thickness.

(6) Where two limiting values are separated by “and,”_ the lesser of the values determines acceptance. Where two sets of values are separated by “or”, the larger value is acceptable. Tw is the nominal wall thickness of the thinner of two components joined by a butt weld.

(7) Tightly butted unfused root faces are unacceptable.(8) For groove welds, height is the lesser of the measurements made from

the surfaces of the adjacent components; both reinforcement and internal protrusion are permitted in a weld. For fillet welds, height is measured from the theoretical throat, Fig. 328.5.2A; internal protrusion does not apply.

(9) For welds in aluminum alloy only, internal protrusion shall not exceed the following values:

(a) 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) for thickness ≤ 2 mm (5/64 in.) (b) 2.5 mm (3.32 in.) for thickness >2 mm and ≤ 6 mm (1/4 in.) For external reinforcement and for greater


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 16 OF 25

thickness, see the tabulation for symbol L.

e) Rounded Indications

The rounded indications characterized as imperfections shall not exceed that

shown in the charts (Fig 4-1 to 4-8 as referred in ASME Sec viii Div.1). The charts

in Figs. 4-3 through 4-8 illustrate various types of assorted, randomly dispersed

and clustered rounded indications for different weld thicknesses greater than 1/8

in. (3 mm). These charts represent the maximum acceptable concentration limits

for rounded indications. The charts for each thickness range represent full-scale

6 in. (150 mm) radiographs, and shall not be enlarged or reduced. The

distributions shown are not necessarily the patterns that may appear on the

radiograph, but are typical of the concentration and size of indications permitted.

TABLE 4-1


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 17 OF 25

Fig. 4-1: ALIGNED ROUNDED INDICATIONS


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 18 OF 25

Thickness t, Maximum Size of Maximum Size of mm Acceptable

Rounded Nonrelevant

Indication, mm Indication, mm Random Isolated

Less than 3

1/4t 1/3t

1/10t

3

0.79 1.07

0.38

5

1.19 1.60

0.38

6

1.60 2.11

0.38

8

1.98 2.64

0.79

10

2.31 3.18

0.79

11

2.77 3.71

0.79

13

3.18 4.27

0.79

14

3.61 4.78

0.79

16

3.96 5.33

0.79

17

3.96 5.84

0.79

19.0 to 50, incl. 3.96 6.35

0.79

Over 50

3.96 9.53

1.60

GENERAL NOTE: This Table contains examples only.

GENERAL NOTE: Sum of L1 to Lx shall be less than t in a length of 12t

Fig. 4-2: GROUPS OF ALIGNED ROUNDED INDICATIONS

GENERAL NOTE: Sum of the group lengths shall be less than t in a length of 12t

Maximum Group Length Minimum Group Spacing L = ¼ in. (6 mm) for t less than ¾ in. (19 mm) 3L where L is the length of the L = 1/3t for t ¾ in. (19 mm) to 2¼ in. (57 mm) longest adjacent group being L = ¾ in. (19 mm) fir t greater than 2¼ in. (57 mm) evaluated

Fig. 4-3: CHARTS FOR t EQUAL TO 1/8 in. (3 mm to 6 mm), INCLUSIVE

a) Random Rounded Indications ( See Note (1) )

b) Isolated Indication ( See Note (2) ) c)

Cluster

NOTES:

(1) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld

(2) Maximum size per Table 4-1.


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 19 OF 25

Fig. 4-4: CHARTS FOR t OVER ¼ in. TO 3/8 in. (6mm to 10 mm), INCLUSIVE

(a) Random Rounded Indications ( See Note (1) )

b) Isolated Indication ( See Note (2) ) (c) Cluster

NOTES:

(1) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld.

(2) Maximum size per Table 4-1.

Fig. 4-5: CHARTS FOR t OVER 3/8 in. to ¾ in. (10 mm to 19 mm), INCLUSIVE


a. Isolated Indication ( See Note (2) )

NOTES:

a) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld.

b) Maximum size per Table 4-1.


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 20 OF 25

Fig. 4-6: CHARTS FOR t OVER ¾ in. to 2 in. (19 mm to 50mm), INCLUSIVE


a. Isolated Indication ( see Note (2) )

NOTES:a) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm)

length of weld.b) (2) Maximum size per Table 4-1.

Fig. 4-7: CHARTS FOR t OVER 2 in. to 4 in. (150 mm to 100 mm), INCLUSIVE



ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 21 OF 25

(b) Isolated Indications ( See Note (2) )

NOTES:

a) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm )

length of weld

c) Maximum size per Table 4-1.

Fig. 4-8: CHARTS FOR t OVER 4 in. (100 mm)

d)

Random Rounded Indications ( See Note (a) )

f)

g)

h)

i)

j)

k)

l)


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 22 OF 25

m)

(b) Isolated Indication ( See Note (2) )

NOTES:

a) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length

of weld.

b) Maximum size per Table 4-1.

13.2 The “burn through” detected shall be evaluated as a lack of penetration or internal cavity

14.0 REPORTS

Radiography report shall contain the following information as minimum, as described in Annexure

– 1 of this document.

Report no

Client

Job no./ work order no.

Item description

Acceptance criteria

Length of weld / diameter of weld

Thickness and reinforcement

Welder No.

Welding process

Testing procedure

Testing technique

Number of radiographs (exposures)

Source type and activity (GBq)

Source size (focal spot)

Source to object distance

Distance from source side of object to film

Screen type & thickness

Film type and class

No of films per cassette

IQI identity & type

Sensitivity

Density

Date of test with technician name and signature

Date of evaluation (if different) with name and signature


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 23 OF 25

15.0 RECORDS

Where radiographs not handed to Client, all radiographs shall be stored for five years

minimum or for duration specified by the Client at location free from potential damage and in a

dry area to avoid fading and staining, with proper identity details on the package, refer to item

6.1.2 above.

16.0 APPENDIX -1

Radiographic Inspection Report Form


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 24 OF 25


ADCO DOC. NO.


PAGE 25 OF 25

Documents

Radio Graphic Testing Procedure Gamma