Radioactive waste management in Lithuania implementation and strategies

8/3/2019 Radioactive waste management in Lithuania implementation and strategies

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RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENTRADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENTININ LITHUANIALITHUANIA

IMPLEMENTATION AND STRATEGIESIMPLEMENTATION AND STRATEGIES

Algirdas VaidotasDeputy Director

Radioactive Waste Management Agency(RATA)


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Nuclear Power in LITHUANIAThere is only one Nuclear Power Plant in Lithuania. It issituated in the North-East of Lithuania near the borders of Latvia and Belarus, on the bankof Dr k iai Lake

Almost all workers of the NPPlive in Visaginas, a town built for services of the NPP

Initially, there were plans tobuild 4 water-cooled graphite-moderated channel typereactors RBMK-1500 withelectric power of 1500 MWeach. However, only 2 of themwere completed and operated

That time Ignalina NPP hasbeen producing about 80% of the total electricity production inLithuania

Mai iagala

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History of

Ignalina Nuclear Power PlantC onstruction of thefirst unit was startedin 1978. It wasfinished in 1983

In 1986 installation of the second unit wasin finalization stage,however, after accident at C hernobylits operation waspostponed till August1987

The Unit 1 was shutdown for decommissioning inDecember 2004,while the Unit 2 wasstopped in 2009

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Radioactive Waste in

LithuaniaRadWaste is generated in industry, medicine, researchinstitutions, however, more than 99% comes from use of nuclear energy

Lithuania is a country of open fuel cycleThere are no mining, enrichment, fuel production as well asreprocessing activities in the country

R ADIOA C TIVE WASTE P R ODU C E R S

99%

1%Nuclear facilities (Ignalina NPP)Small-scale producers

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Estimated

Waste VolumesOperational waste:

S pent fuel - 5000 assemblies(in dry storage facility)

S tored solid waste - 30000 m 3

Bituminized waste - 14000 m 3

Waste to be cemented (ion-

exchange resins) - 6000 m3

Decommissioningwaste:

S pent fuel -17000 assemblies(in reactors pools )

Equipment - 130000 tons of steel

Reactor - 4000 tons of steel

4000 tons of graphiteBuildings - 1000000 m 3 of concrete and

200000 tons of steel

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Decommissioning of

Ignalina NPPPreliminary decommissioning plan was producedin 1999 where three options of dismantling hadbeen considered: immediate dismantling, safeenclosure and entombmentIn 2002 the Government of Lithuania adoptedimmediate dismantling strategy in order to mitigatesocial, economic and environmentalconsequences

In this case experienced NPP specialists get involved inthe work and the responsibility for decommissioning isnot shifted an the future generationsIn total, dismantling activities will take about threedecades

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Decommissioning

and Radioactive WasteThe initial phase of decommissioning includes:

introduction of the new waste classification

retrieval and characterization of operational wasteaccumulated in storage facilitiesconstruction of new solid waste conditioning facilityconstruction of spent fuel storage facilityconstruction of storage facilities for long lived and short

lived wastesIt was expected that dismantling of the NPP will becompleted in 2030 and that the main work will bedone by the NPP staff

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Waste categories

in LithuaniaSpent FuelLong Lived

intermediate level

low levelShort lived

intermediate levellow level

very low level

Exempted waste (free release)

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NATIONAL POLICIES ANDNATIONAL POLICIES AND

STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

National Radioactive Waste Management strategy aproved bythe Government in 2002. (updated in 2008)

Basis of the S trategy was analysis of international practices andfeasibility studies performed by S wedish company S KB in 1998.

The S trategy sets out the goals and tasks for radioactive waste(including spent nuclear fuel) management. Also S WOT analysiswas done.

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Main objectives:1. To achieve a high level in nuclear and radiation safety in

management of spent fuel and radioactive waste.

2. To improve the radioactive waste management infrastructure,

which shall be based on modern technologies, strive to minimizeactivity and volume of radioactive waste.

3. Informing the Lithuanian public to achieve a better understandingof the main radioactive waste management principals( justification, optimization, limitation ) and acceptance of waste

management projects.

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A national waste management strategy includes arrangementsfor:

5 upgrading the existing facilities;5 establishment of new waste treatment and storage facilities;

5 construction of a disposal facilities and of a repository for spentnuclear fuel and long lived radioactive waste;

5 regulatory control;5 creation, change and renewal of legal acts;5 performance of scientific recharges, that explore new radioactive

waste management technologies;5 organizational and financial provisions;5 public information.

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C ouncil Directive 2011/70/Euratom

C ontents of national programmes according to C ouncil Directive2011/70/Euratom

(a) the overall objectives of spent fuel and radioactive wastemanagement;

(b) the significant milestones and clear timeframes for the achievementof those milestones in light of the over-arching objectives of the

national programme;(c) an inventory of all spent fuel and radioactive waste and estimates for future quantities, including those from decommissioning, clearlyindicating the location and amount of the radioactive waste andspent fuel in accordance with appropriate classification of theradioactive waste;

(d) the concepts or plans and technical solutions for spent fuel andradioactive waste management from generation to disposal;

(e) the concepts or plans for the post-closure period of a disposalfacilitys lifetime, including the period during which appropriatecontrols are retained and the means to be employed to preserveknowledge of that facility in the longer term;

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C ouncil Directive 2011/70/Euratom

f) the research, development and demonstration activities that areneeded in order to implement solutions for the management of spentfuel and radioactive waste;(g) the responsibility for the implementation of the nationalprogramme and the key performance indicators to monitor progresstowards implementation;

(h) an assessment of the national programme costs and theunderlying basis and hypotheses for that assessment, which mustinclude a profile over time;(i) the financing scheme(s) in force;(j) a transparency policy or process as referred to in Article 10;(k) if any, the agreement(s) concluded with a Member S tate or a third

country on management of spent fuel or radioactive waste, includingon the use of disposal facilities.

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New projects for modernization of waste management at INPP are

undergoingB1 I nterim spent fuel storage facility (ISFSF)B2 S olid w aste retrieval and preliminary treatment facilitiesB3/4 S olid w aste management and storage facilitiesB10 F ree release measurement facility B19 L andfill facility for short-lived very low level w aste

B25 N ear surface repository for low - and intermediate-level short-lived radioactive w aste

During this projects decommissioning waste, waste from old storagefacilities located at INPP site will be retrieved and treated according newclassification and waste acceptance criteria.

Exact inventory will be known after implementation of modernisation of radioactive waste management at Ignalina and during implementation of decommissioning projects.

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AFTER UPDATED FA C ILITIES ATIGNALINA NPP

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National strategy on

radioactive waste managementDisposal of short lived wastesTwo repositories will be constructed:

for Very Low Level Waste; up to 60 m 3

for Low and Intermediate Level Waste; about100 m 3

Storage of SF and other long lived wasteFacilities will be constructed to store:

22 000 assemblies of the spent fuel andfor 6 500 m 3 of long lived waste

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Disposal facility for

very low level wasteS imilar landfills are operational in S wedenand France

Unconditioned waste is disposed hereWill consists of 3 modules containing20000 m 3 eachS

hould be operational in 2012

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ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEWNEA R SU R FA C E R EPOSITO R IES

A new repository with concretevaults will be developed todispose LILWProject started in 2002 from

conceptual planning, siteselection, EIA: 2003-2007Detailed technical design: 2009-2012, capacity 100 000 m 3

S tart of construction 2012

S imilar repositories areoperational in France, S pain,S lovakia

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S pent Fuel S torage

Dry S pent Fuel storage technology ensuringsafety during next 50 years is applied inLithuaniaNew storage facility located in the proximityof the NPP is under constructionGerman company GN S elaborated

C ON S TOR containers suitable for RBMKfuel storageSafe storage time is up to 50 years

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S pent Fuel S torage (2)

The first storage facility for S F withC AS TOR RBMK-1500 and C ON S TORRBMK-1500 type casks was commissionedin 1999In 2005 GN S -RWE NUKEM GmbHconsortium started to implement new project

New storage facility located in the proximity of the NPP is under construction

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DESIGN OF SPENT FUELSTO R AGE FA C ILITY

1. SF-filled casks2. Protectiveconcrete wall3. Empty caskstorage site4. C ontrol pointbuilding5. Bridge crane6. Personnel building7. Sewerage building8. Transformer substation9. Security systemRER 3003 9019 Moscow 31/10-04/11-2011 21


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C ONSTO R C ASK

Developer and S upplier is the German company GN S

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General view of the S F

storage facility with 202 C ON S TORcontainers to be constructed

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Future strategy

Lithuania in ~2030 should start selection of a site for geological repository

if international practice is the samethere is no new advanced technologiesapplicable

In addition, possibilities to prolong storagetime in the storage containers are to beinvestigated

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S hared European S olution

for Radioactive WasteFor European countries with only small amounts of waste to manage, constructing their own repository is amajor challenge, practically and economicallyThe obvious solution is for countries to share in thedevelopment of one or more regional repositories

A multinational working group has been established in2009 to study the feasibility of setting up a not-for-profitEuropean Repository Development Organisation(ERDO) that would implement one or more sharedgeological repositories in Europe

WG members are nominated by the appropriate Governmentlevel organisations

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S hared European S olution

for Radioactive Waste (2)The ERDO-WG will generate over the next 1-2 years the decisioninput needed for Governments to decide whether to proceed withthe formal establishment of the ERDO

The ERDO would continue over the next 10 or more years

It will also work with local communities that are interested in the projectand wish to become actively involved in its development.Potential host countries would be volunteers

The following countries currently participate in the ERDO-WG: Austria, Bulgaria, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Lithuania, Poland,Romania, S lovakia and S lovenia

The ERDO will operate as a sister organisation to the advancednational disposal programmes towards safe, secure and societallyaccepted geological disposal

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THANK YOU FO R YOU R ATTENTION !

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Radioactive waste management in Lithuania implementation and strategies