Rail IT – from Automation to Optimization of Railway ... · PDF fileRail IT – from Automation to ... (GSM-R, WLAN) Introduction of driverless trains (airport people movers, subways)

© Siemens AG 2011 Industry Sector, Mobility Division

© Siemens AG 2012

Rail IT – from Automation to Optimization of Railway Operations

Dr. Siegfried BocionekChief Technology Officer, Head of Global R&D

Siemens Rail Automation

Berlin, 22-June-2012

Page 2 22 June 2012 Infrastructure & Cities / Mobility and Logistics DivisionIC MOL RA R&D Bocionek© Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved

Content

In the beginning – Rail Safety

State of the art – Rail Automation

Tomorrow’s needs – Rail Optimization

Summary


In the beginning – Rail Safety


Rail Operations Safety

ObjectivesAvoidance of human errorIncrease of operational safetyReduction of the number of operator actionsImprovement of quality, i.e. enhanced reliability and punctuality

ApproachTrackside equipment (signals, switches)Operational rules (based on “block concept”)Technology support for “block concept” (interlocking system)Centralized supervision (signal adherence control, distance/speed control) First train protection systems with enforced braking (Indusi based) Systematic Quality Assurance (models, assessments, approvals)


What makes railway operations safe?

Safe distance supervision:Traditional: Each section (block) must notbe occupied by more than one trainModern: Safe braking distance

Signallling and Control of admissable speedTraditional: By signals and train controlModern: By cab signalling

Protection against flank, head and tailcollisions

Locking of movable wayside elements

Well trained personnel


Significance of Safety

Safety is a clear competitiveadvantage of railways, in particular in comparison withindividual transport modesThe achieved safety level is veryhigh and only comparable to civil aviationSafety is a core competency of the railway industryInsuffucient level of safety is a KO criterion for railway productsSuicide candidates, carelessgrade crossing people and tracktrespassers cause accidents thatno system can prevent

Fatality risk EU-15 (2003)Per 100 mio passenger kilometer


Casuality distribution of rail operations

61%28%

4%4%

3%

Source: European Railway Agency – 2012 Railway safety performance in the European Union


From manual work to computer interaction

Signalman’s workplace in Braunschweig (1965)

Workplace inHannover (1965)

Workplace inHelmstedt (1979)

Workplace inMurnau (1988)

Rotary switches

Operating levers

Push button plane


State of the art – Rail Automation


Automation of Rail Operations –From operations control to dispatch management

ObjectivesFurther improvement of safety, e.g. by automated train controlFurther improvement of reliability and punctualityIncrease in line capacity through shorter headwaysSharing of trains and infrastructure across country bordersFurther reduction of routine activities

ApproachMore sophisticated automated train control (ATP, ATO, ATR)Standardization of technology and operation rules (ETCS)Increased usage of radio communication (GSM-R, WLAN)Introduction of driverless trains (airport people movers, subways)Complex operation control centers


ETCS Level 1Intermittent automatic train control via Eurobalises

ETCS LEU

Interlocking

TVDI

Vacancy detection section boundary

Eurobalise (fixed) e.g. line parameters

Eurobalise(transparent)

LEU: lineside electronic unitTVDI: track vacancy detection indication

Signal aspect

operational rules based on fixed blocks„supervision“ of train and driver behavior at „check points“automated train protection in case of driver mistake


Operations Control and Dispatching –From computer workstations to computer control centers

Operator console inHungary (1997)

Traffic management centerin Hannover (2004)

Future Web-based solutions(prototype status)


Tomorrow’s needs – Rail Optimization


How can I improve the Business ?By overall Optimization of Rail Operations Objectives

Maximum utilization of available resources, reducing „total costs of ownership“Creating timetables by optimizing assets (trains, infrastructure), people (crews) and other operating costs (energy, maintenance)Online correction/re-action in case of failures Continuous information to all stakeholders (passenger, staff, management)Fulfilling business targets (incl. the possibility of performance contracts)Easy to use, easy to use, easy to use, …

ApproachIT infrastructure as enabler (wireless communication, server farms, cloud, ...)Decision support systems for operators and dispatchersSoftware for optimization and re-planning (Operations Research algorithms)Predictive supervision and maintenance of equipmentSystem / UI integration based on usability studies

Page 15 22 June 2012 Infrastructure & Cities / Mobility and Logistics DivisionIC MOL RA R&D BocionekConfidential / © Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved

Test Installation of „Falko Advice“ in 2004Driver receives advice on PDA (start, stop, speed up/down)

Example Operational Train Control -Energy-efficient automated train operation (E-ATO)


Energy consumptionEnergieverbrauch Fahrt 1

10 8 ,7

9 1 ,5

9 6 ,4 9 6 ,5

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

S p itz Adv ice Alca te l Fah re r

Kwh

Reference Falko Advice existing ATO manual drive

108,7

91,5

96,4 96,5

Energy used

Kw

h



DelaysV e rs p ä tu n g F a h rt 1

1 44

3

40

2 4

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

1 4 0

1 6 0

S pitz Ad v ice Alca te l F a h re r

Seku

nden

Reference Falko Advice existing ATO manual drive

144

3

40

24

Delays per trip

Seco

nds



Example Dispatching in Operations Control -Timetable execution activities

Time tableTime tableconstructionconstruction

Time tableTime tableexecutionexecution

Time tableTime tablereportingreporting

Time tableTime tableanalysisanalysis

OnlineOff-line Off-line Off-line

EliminationElimination of of structuralstructural conflictsconflicts

Continuously in real-timeTrain tracking & performance analysis (detect time table deviations)Route setting & route release (automatic, semi automatic, manual)Conflict detection (+ rule based conflict resolving)

Prognosis, once per x secondsConflict prediction; (semi) automatic or manual conflict resolutionSpeed profile calculation for driver guidanceAdapt the production time table >> Inform customers

Administration workRegister reasons for deviations & conflicts

= Advanced conflict management


Possible methods for timetable modifications

ConflictConflictpredictionprediction

ProposeProposefeasiblefeasiblesolutionssolutions

ImpactImpactsimulationsimulation

Apply the Apply the bestbest

solutionsolutionPrognosisPrognosis

Search for possible solutions

Change only timesspeed up or slow down tripslonger or shorter (if possible) scheduled dwell-timesnew departure timesdecision of keeping or breaking connections

Change order of tripsincludes crossing or passingimplicitly combined with changes of times

Change of trip routestrains use other routes within bottleneck areas


Automatic conflict resolution is NP-hard

time interval selectionlimited look-ahead for prediction and calculationreduced routing possibilitiesfixed speed profilesfixed train order

fixed headwayspre-calculated solutionsgeographical decomposition (e.g. macro-, meso- and micro topology)multi-level approachcombinations of different strategies

Possible heuristics and simplifications in the railway domain:

Difficulty – Someone has to make decisions !


Requirements on the Implementation of future Rail-IT systems

• Scalable architecture that supports individual usage (personal workplace) as well as “super-centralized” infrastructures (cloud concepts)

• Conceptual merge of different user interfaces including cross-role operative and dispatching tasks

• Event-based operator guidance to further relieve operators of routine tasks

• Modern devices for portable usage like tablets, PDAs, smart phones

• Suitable application of new interaction technologies for implementation of flexible working systems

• Reduction of equipment and elimination of functional redundancies at workplaces

• Concentration of IT infrastructure, for example in a „private cloud“


UI Integration Concepts:Only systems that are “easy to use” will be accepted

Note: prototypes status


Innovative Interaction Concepts:Multi-touch table for efficient team collaboration



Adoption of Standard Tools:Possible Mobile Devices for Service Teams



Summary


Our Vision: Pioneer in Rail Efficiency


Thank you very much for your attention

Documents

Rail IT – from Automation to Optimization of Railway ... · PDF fileRail IT – from Automation to ... (GSM-R, WLAN) Introduction of driverless trains (airport people movers, subways)