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RANDOLPH IB MIDDLE SCHOOLMR. HARDY
UNIT 2
The Roman Empire
Geography
Rome, ITALY Peninsula in
southern Europe Looks like a
high-heeled boot in the Mediterranean
Rome was built on seven hills for defense.
The Early Republic
Government Republic- people elect leaders to govern them. Created by the
Romans in 509 BC. Yearly elections Keeps one person from becoming too powerful Not a democracy. Only the wealthy and powerful could be elected.
Challenges from Outside Rome was at war for 50 years when they became a Republic. Cincinnatus gained power in 458 BC though he was a farmer. He
quickly defeated his enemy and returned to his farm.Challenges from Inside
Plebeians – common people who called for changes in the government
Patricians – powerful nobles who ran Rome Plebeians formed a council and elected their own officials.
Government
Tripartite Government Magistrates and Consuls
Magistrates- elected officials Consuls- two most powerful magistrates who ran the city
and the army Why do you think the Romans had TWO consuls?
Senate- a council of wealthy and powerful Romans Assemblies and Tribunes
Two branches with both patricians and plebeians
Government
Checks and BalancesCivic DutyForumVeto
“I forbid.” Power held by the tribunes
Written Law Why did many people want a written law code?
The Roman Forum
The Late Republic
Growth of Territory Grew in response to threat Roman controlled all of the Italian peninsula except far
north Defeated by the Gauls Successful organization of Army – Legions
Punic Wars Series of wars against Carthage Rome won! 20 years of fighting Romans took control of Sicily Rome took control of Spain and North Africa as well In the 120s, Rome had also conquered Greece and parts of
Asia
The End of the Republic
Casear Comes to power with Pompey and Crassus Dictator for life
He was beloved by the citizens Killed by Senate
Marc Antony and Octavian Punish for Caesar’s death
Octavian becomes Emperor Marc Antony divorces Octavia Marries Cleopatra Civil War
Augustus Octavian
Caesar
Marc Antony
Rome’s Growing Empire
Augustus and proceeding Emperors conquered territory to expand the empire Control hostile neighbors Gain control of gold Farmland
Roman conquests promoted trade The Roman Roads
Territory Gaul, Central Europe, most of Britain, Asia Minor,
Mesopotamia, eastern coast of the Mediterranean, and coast of North Africa
Roman Empire and Religion
Religious Tolerance Polytheistic
Freedom of WorshipClashes with the JewsRise of Christianity
Monotheistic Fear of unrest caused by the new faith Persecution against Christians Constantine removed the ban Later became Rome’s official religion
GREEN – Christian areas, 200 ADYELLOW- Christian areas, 400 AD
Accomplishments
Science and Engineering Aqueducts
Architecture Copied the Greeks
Art Frescoes Sculpture
Literature
Language Latin and the Romance Languages + English?????
The Fall of Rome
Inside Forces Germanic farmers Disease & famine Increase in taxes
Outside Forces Germanic tribes in the north Persians in the east
Division of the Empire Diocletian Constantine
Decline of Rome
Early InvasionsGothsAttila the HunFall of the Western Empire
Vast SizeCorruptionTrade Deficits
Byzantine Empire
Eastern EmpireJustinian
Italy and the MediterraneanNon-Roman influencesGreekOttoman Turks
Captured Constantinople Eastern Empire Falls
Christianity Orthodox Church
Assignment
Creating an Intelligence Report Rome was sacked by barbarians in 476 AD. Imagine
that you are a barbarian spy sent to Rome to find its weaknesses. Write an intelligence report on your findings.
Review the material on the late Roman Empire discussed in class . Decide the major issues for the fall of the Roman Empire.
Use the Intelligence Report worksheet to organize your findings.
Be sure your report is neat and clear and the information is appropriate and accurate.
Reflection