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Range Vegetation
BIOL 425/427
What is “Rangeland”?
A) Uncultivated
B) Provides Forage forLarge Herbivores
Livestock Wildlife
Grazers
Browsers
Intermediate Feeders
Typical Rangelands
In Contrast: Pasturelands• Periodic Cultivation of Non-Native Forage
Species• Agricultural Inputs (Fertilizer, Irrigation)
Extent of Rangelands(Worldwide)
Potential Rangeland
WORLD 70%
AFRICA 69
CHINA 77
INDIA 33
EUROPE 53
NORTH AMERICA 66
SOUTH AMERICA 74
OCEANIA 66
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) data (2000)
Extent of Rangeland (North America)
Potential Rangeland
NORTH
AMERICA
66
CANADA 64
MEXICO 70
USA 61
FAO data (2000)
Rangeland in the West :(80% of Land Area)
http://www.rangelandswest.org/index.org
Rangeland Types
A) Grasslands
Rangeland Types
B) Shrublands
Rangeland TypesC) Woodlands
Rangeland TypesD) Forests
PLANTS!!!
Trees (Gymnosperms)
Trees (Angiosperms)
Small Trees and Shrubs
Small Trees and Shrubs
Vegetative Characteristics
Succulents
Forbs
Forbs
Flower Characteristics
Graminoids (Grasses, Rushes, Sedges)
Grass Characteristics
29
WARM-SEASON vs. COOL-SEASON PLANTS
FORAGE VALUE
POISONOUS PLANTS
INCREASERS VERSUS DECREASERS
“WEEDS”
RANGELAND LEGISLATION -------------------------------------------
HOMESTEAD ACT (1862)
TAYLOR GRAZING ACT (1934)
MULTIPLE USE ACT (1960)
ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT (1973)
Stock Raising Homestead Act (1916)
Transcontinental Railroad Act (1862)
MORRILL ACT (1862)Forest Reserves Act (1891)
National Environmental Policy Act (1970)
TO GRAZE OR NOT TO GRAZE?
Cost of ComplianceBy Trent Loos
What is the price of freedom? How many Americans have died to protect our rights? Yet we have an additional price to pay to protect our right, as a rancher, to convert natural resources into value-added products. For Kit Laney of New Mexico, part of the price was 25 days in jail without bail.
RANGE ECOLOGY
ABIOTIC FACTORS
BIOTIC FACTORS
PLANT SUCCESSIONON THE RANGE
Effect of Fire Suppression in Bear’s Ears(Southwestern Utah)Top: 1920sBottom: 1988
http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/Tools/repeatphotog.htm
DESERTIFICATION
RANGE ASSESSMENT
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Journal of Range Management
Holecheck, J.L. et al. 2004. Range Management: Principles and Practices.
http://rangelandswest.org/index.html
*Ivey, R.D. 2003. Flowering Plants of New Mexico
Allred, K.W. 2005. A Field Guide to the Grasses of New Mexico, 3rd edition
EL FIN(THE END)