U.S. Constitution Became law of the land on June 21, 1788. The Preamble introduces the Constitution and states its purpose. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

RAP 28 From the Preamble: What are the governments responsibilities?We the People of the United States, (1)in Order to form a more perfect Union, (2)establish Justice, (3)insure domestic Tranquility, (4)provide for the common defense, (5)promote the general Welfare, and (6)secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Governments Responsibilities= Unify the states, Have a trial system, Keep the peace at home, Protect us, Promote the well-being of the people, Protect our rights/freedoms1Unit 2: The US ConstitutionCE Notes 27-28: The Preamble and the structure and function of our Legislative Branch (Essential Standards 2.1, 2.3, & 2.6)SWBAT (Students Will Be Able To)Understand the purpose and meaning of the Preamble to the ConstitutionUnderstand the structure and responsibilities of the US CongressKnow what powers are given and denied the US CongressRAP 28 Tell what these phrases from the Preamble mean:

in order to form a more perfect union _________________________________________________establish justice _________________________________________________insure domestic tranquility _________________________________________________provide for the common defense _________________________________________________promote the general welfare _________________________________________________secure the blessings of liberty _________________________________________________U.S. ConstitutionBecame law of the land on June 21, 1788.The Preamble introduces the Constitution and states its purpose._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

What is the purpose of the Preamble?

A.Legislative Branch(Congress)

(Established in Article 1, section 1. Described in sections 2 - 10)House of Representatives:(Article 1, Section 2 & 4)Congress is bicameral (two houses)Qualifications: (Article 1, Section 2)Representatives must be:25 years of age,U.S. Citizen for at least 7 years,Current resident of the state to be represented.Term & Elections: (Article 1, Section 2 (& 4))Representatives serve 2 year terms.Number based on population.Vacancy (Article 1, Section 2)In the event of a vacancy, the Executive Authority issues Writs of Election in order to fill the vacancy.Leadership (Article 1, Section 2)The House of Rep's choose their Speaker and other Officers.Checks: (Article 1, Section 2)House of Representatives have the sole Power of Impeachment (bringing charges against an official)*Bills: (Article 1, Section 7)All bills for Revenue must originate in the House of Representatives.

2.Senate: (Article 1, Sections 3 & 4)a. Qualifications (Article 1, Section 3)30 years of age,9 years U.S. Citizen,Resident of state being represented.b. Term & Elections (Article 1, Section 3 (& 4))2 senators from each state,6 year term,divided evenly into 3 classes: elections on 1 class every 2 years.

Vacancy (Article 1, Section 3)In case of vacancy, executive may make temporary appointment until next meeting of legislature when they will fill the vacancy.This changed with 17th Amendment. d.Leadership (Article 1, Section 3)President of the Senate is the VP of U.S. (who has no vote except in case of a tie.)Senate chooses own officers and the President pro temporee.Checks (Article 1, Section 3) Sole power to try impeachments: conviction takes place with at least 2/3 majority.*Bills: Article 1, Section 7 - Describes the process of how a bill becomes a law.

The Senate's role is essential in the lawmaking process.

3.Shared Powers: (Article 1, Sections 5, 6...)a. Organization & Duties (Article 1, Section 5)Each House is the Judge of the Elections, Returns, and Qualifications of its members.A majority constitutes a quorum to accomplish business.Each house may send members out to compel absent members to attend and may impose penalties for refusals.Each House determines its own rules, punishes disorderly conduct, and may expel members wit 2/3 majority; must keep a journal of proceedings to be published (except those items that require secrecy). Neither house, during session, may adjourn for more than 3 days or to a separate location without the consent of the other.b.Professional Compensation & limitations(Article 1, Section 6)Senators and Representatives are compensated as decided by law.They are paid by the Treasury of the United States.They are not to be questioned or arrested during session, except in cases of Treason, Felony, and Breach of Peace.They may not hold any other U.S. office while they serve in Congress.c.*Bills: (Article 1, Section 7)Describes how bills become law.Power to: **("Expressed Powers") Article 1, Section 8 (AKA: Delegated and/or Enumerated Powers)Expressed Powers include, but are not limited to:Power to collect taxes for revenue - to pay debts, provide for common defense, and general welfare - but these taxes must be uniform throughout the country.

Implied Powers

Elastic Clause:Power to make all laws which shall be "necessary and proper" for carrying out the powers expressed in the other clauses of Article 1.

e.***Restrictions (Article 1, Section 9)sets limits on the power of the government.

(Section 10)Sets limits on the states, partially in order to prevent confusion in overlapping functions and authority of federal gov't v. state gov'ts. f.Checks:(1) Over Executive Branch (Articles 1 & 2)Override Veto (2/3 majority) (Article 1, Section 7)Impeach President & Vice President (Article 1, Section 3)Ratify Appointments and treaties (Senate) (Article 2, Section 2)

(2) Over judicial Branch (Article ...)Establish lower courtsSet judicial salariesratify appointments (Senate)Impeach judges

Legislative processCE NOTES 33-36NC Essential Standards 2.6 and 2.7

17ObjectivesSWBAT explain how a bill becomes a law.

SWBAT determine how the legislative process leads to compromise18RAP 33If you are building a consensus what are you trying to do?Can you think of any famous compromises that we have studied so far?19Review:What are the two parts of Congress?Senators serve for ___ years and Representatives serve for ___ years.Who can veto a law?How can the Congress STILL pass that law?What Constitutional principle is this an example of?20House of Representatives: 435 membersWho is the majority party in the House?Who is the minority party in the Senate?

US Senate: 100 MembersWho is the majority party in the Senate?Who is the minority party in the Senate?

MSL Practice (5.01 & 5.04)How can a debate help build a consensus?It can help find areas of agreementIt encourages extremismIt sets limits on the time spend reaching a compromiseIt encourages the use of propaganda techniques23Notes 33Congress uses Consensus Building:the process of compromise to get everyone to agree on a law.This way all sides are part of the solution and are satisfied.

24School House Rock:Im just a BillWe will watch the School House Rock piece 2 times. The 2nd time you must answer the following questionsWhere do many bills die before becoming a law?Where do most bills get voted on first?Where do most bills get voted on second?What power does the President have to stop the bill from becoming a law?What must the President do to make the bill a law?25How a Bill becomes a LawIntro. in House of RepsSent to House standing committee/subcommitteeDebate and vote in House

Intro. in SenateSent to Senate standing committee/subcommitteeDebate and vote in Senate

Conference Committee: House and Senate Draft Conference BillFinal Vote in House and Senate on Conference Bill

9. Sent to President (Sign, Veto, pocket veto)

10. Override Veto with 2/3 vote in the House and Senate

Can you find it?Put a C next to the step where the House and Senate must compromise.Put a box around the numbers of the 3 steps that are the same in the House and the SenatePut an E next to the step that involves the Executive Branch.

Committee VocabStanding Committee: committees or subcommittees in the House & Senate that never change. Ex: House Education Committee, or Senate Education Committee.

32Conference Committee: House & Senate get together temporarily to discuss a bill and draft a final version for a vote in each part of congress.

Veto!

34Notes 33 (Continued)Ways to KILL a BILLPRESIDENT:Veto: President refuses to sign the bill.Pocket Veto: President doesnt do any thing to a bill and Congress ends the session. Putting the bill in his pocket The bill does not become a law.

35Presidential Veto Options"... If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law. Article 1, Section 7Veto: President refuses to sign the bill.Pocket Veto: President doesnt do anything to a bill and Congress ends the session. Putting the bill in his pocketThe bill does not become a law.36Ways to kill a bill (Continued)LEGISLATURE:Riders: additional bills attached to a main bill. Often a way for Reps to get $$ or projects for their districts.Filibuster: blocking a Senate vote by refusing to stop talking on the Senate floorCloture: vote to place time limit on debate of a bill, can be used to end a filibuster.Committee: where small groups of legislators discuss bills. Ex: Farming bill to Agriculture Committee, military spending to Defense Committee37Legislative FactsAppropriations: Bills that authorize the spending of govt funds. MUST start in the House.The vice president is the President of the Senate, he/she has the tiebreaking vote. Who is this right now?____________________Seniority System: committee heads get their positions based on how long they have been in Congress.MSL Practice5. What is the final step to passing a federal law?The voters decide on the billThe US Supreme Court approves the billThe President signs the billThe bill passes both the House and the Senate39MSL Practice6. Who takes part in joint conference committees in the US Congress?Lobbyists and SenatorsMembers of the House and the SenateCitizens and lawmakersSenators, Representatives and the President40MSL PracticeWhat happens to a bill that only passes one house of Congress?It would not become a lawIt returns to the house it came fromIt returns to committee in the second houseIt goes to conference committee41MSL PracticeA compromise between the US Senate and the House of Representatives on a bill occurs at which step of the legislative process?When the bill is introducedAfter the bill is put on the calendarAfter it is presented to the presidentAt conference committee42Which of the following is NOT a method which can be used by the legislature to block a bill from becoming a law?ClotureFilibusterStop bill in committeeveto43PIT 34-35Complete the 10 Steps of the Legislative Process. Complete How an Education Bill Becomes a Law

44MSL PracticeWhich term best describes the process in which people with differing opinions meet to try to persuade those who disagree with them to accept their opinion?debateConsensus buildingcompromisePeer mediation

45Week 11: DO NOWMONDAY1. What compromise resolved the debate between the north and the south about how slaves would be counted in the legislature?2. How can the Congress override a presidential veto?TUESDAYWhat is the name for the process of adding land to a city?What type of schools are used in NC to accommodate population growth?REVIEW: How many US Senators are there?WEDNESDAYWhat happens to a bill right after it is introduced in the House?What is it called when a Senator refuses to give up the floor, stopping a vote from happening?When do leaders of the House and the Senate get together to resolve their differences and draft a final version of a bill to be voted on?46ABCD REVIEWWhich of the following is not a historical compromise?The Virginia PlanThe Bill of RightsThe Connecticut CompromiseThe 3/5 Compromise47Exit ticket: Minute Paper The Legislative Process (CE.C.&G.2.7)Explain how the process of lawmaking reflects the governments response to the public interest and/or general welfare.