12
!"#$%&$'() )& !+$),+)! -) ./ +(.&(0) (12 314567894361 :5;1<63= 0/!&$)0 +,0!> ?;53= !"##$%&' ) %* !+,-.,+/0 1+2,/3+4-5 5, 67+2,68/9/:+4-5 %%* ;-52,+/02 /-<53,52 %%%* =. 268.0,+4-5 >52 ,5?,52 5, 252 73/7/2+,+/02 7/-3 9. 268+/,+4-5 %@* @532 -05 268+/,+4-5 >52 A-9,-352 $@ !348;4361 A3=4653B82 24 CD3=4CE6F6G3B82 B.02 952 35A153A152 A/:0+,+<52C 952 36D6350A52 E 9. 268+/,+4-5 352,50, :6063.95850, /F9+4-52* "0 2.+, 4-5 G1.3952 #/33+2 5, &->/9D G.30.7 >+<+250, 9. 268+/,+4-5 50 2H0,.?5C 268.0,+4-5C 5, 73.:8.,+4-5 I J/.8 G1/82KH 5, -0 :3.0> 0/8F35 >5 9+0:-+2,52 /0, 3573+2 95 73+0A+75 >5 A5,,5 ,3+7.3,+,+/0C 8.+2 95-32 >6F.,2 05 25 36DL350, 4-5 3.35850, E 9. 268+/,+4-5 4-+ 9M50:9/F5* '995 52, 7/-3,.0, .- D/0>5850, >5 A5 4-5 9M/0 . .77596 95 !"#"$%&'( *+',-.%/0( >52 35A153A152 A/:0+,+<52* G5750>.0,C .<5A 9M522/3 36A50, >5 ,1L852 A/885 A5-? >5 9. 8-9,+8/>.9+,6C >- 8-9,+86>+.C 9. 268+/,+4-5 D.+, 9M/FN5, >M-0 +0,63O, A3/+22.0,* =. 2A+50A5 :6063.95 >52 2+:052 . 6,6 0/8865 *('%-1%2* 7.3 P/10 =/AK5C 5, A5 0/8 . 6,6 3573+2 7.3 G1.3952 !.-0>532 Q5+3A5 RSTUVWSVSXYC 7-+2 7.3 G1.3952 #/33+2 5, &->/9D G.30.7* Z53>+0.0> >5 !.-22-35 RSTX[WSVSUY . 7/-3 2. 7.3, 0/886 *3'%-.-&%( A5,,5 >+2A+79+05C 2-+<+ 7.3 =/-+2 \N598295< R4-+ 5879/+5 95 8/, *3'%-1%/0( 7/-3 >62+:053 952 2H2,L852 >5 2+:052Y* G5, -2.:5 >-3. N-24-M.-? .00652 2/+?.0,5 RAD* &/9.0> ].3,152C 4.3'(51* $( *3'%-.-&%(C SV^XY* _ 2. D/0>.,+/0 RSV^VYC 9M$22/A+.,+/0 +0,530.,+/0.95 >5 268+/,+4-5 ,3.0A1. 7/-3 9M-2.:5 .0:9/W2.?/0C 4-+ 2M52, +87/26 >.02 952 8+9+5-? .A.>68+4-52C 8.+2 0/0 >.02 A5-? >5 9. A/88-0+A.,+/0* =52 >+27.3.,52 ,538+0/9/:+4-52 ,3.>-+250, 8.9:36 ,/-, >52 >+DD6350A52 67+2,68/9/:+4-52* =. 73+0A+7.95 +0,635225 9. >+2A+79+05 D/0>.,3+A5 >5 9. 2A+50A5 >52 2+:052 ) 7/-3 9. ,3.>+,+/0 75+3A+5005C AM52, 9. 9/:+4-5 71+9/2/71+4-5 I 7/-3 9. ,3.>+,+/0 2.-22-3+5005C 9. 9+0:-+2,+4-5* =. 7358+L35 2M.,,.A15 7.3,+A-9+L35850, .-? 9.0:.:52 D/38592 RAD* 9. 6-#'". 78%.-*-!8+ >5 &+A1.3> #/0,.:-5C 4-+ 7/-32-+, E 2. 8.0+L35 95 73/N5, >5 G.30.7Y 5, A153A15 >.02 95-3 ,16/3+5 952 A.,6:/3+52 D/0>.850,.952 >5 9M6,->5 >52 9.0:-52* B.02 A5,,5 753275A,+<5C 9. 268+/,+4-5 2M.,,.A15 E 9. ,H7/9/:+5 >52 2+:052 5, E 9. >6D+0+,+/0 D/385995 >5 95-32 359.,+/02* =M.-,35 73/F968.,+4-5 7350> .- A/0,3.+35 95 9.0:.:5 A/885 7/+0, >5 >67.3, ) .+02+ 952 7#-.3&-'95(* : 05( 183-#%( $0 ."5&"&( >5 \N598295< RSVXUY 736250,50, -05 268+/,+4-5 :6063.95 4-+ >5<.+, 75385,,35 9. >52A3+7,+/0 >5 ,/-2 952 2H2,L852 >5 2+:052* G5,,5 2/3,5 >5 268+/,+4-5 35,+50, >- 2.-22-3+285 -0 0/0W36.9+285 >5 73+0A+75C ,59 4-5 95 73/F9L85 >5 9. 36D6350A5 05 25 7/25 79-2 >.02 252 ,53852 ,3.>+,+/00592C 5, -05 D/385 >5 1/9+285 ,59 4-5 95 2H2,L85 7365?+2,5 E 252 696850,2C 5, 952 359.,+/02 .-? ,53852* B5 0/2 N/-32C 4-.,35 A/0A57,+/02 >5 9. 268+/,+4-5C +06:.95850, 35736250,652C A/33527/0>50, E .-,.0, >M5?,502+/02 >5 2/0 /FN5,* SY =. 7358+L35 352,35+0, 95 A1.87 >M+0<52,+:.,+/0 .-? 2H2,L852 >5 2+:052 0/0 9+0:-+2,+4-52C A/885 952 2+:0.-? 3/-,+532C 952 F9.2/02C 952 -0+D/3852* '995 . 6,6 +99-2,365 7.3 >52 9+0:-+2,52 D/0A,+/00.9+2,52 A/885 `5/3:52 #/-0+0 /- =/-+2 Q3+5,/* aY =. 25A/0>5 >6D+0+, 95 9.0:.:5 A/885 9M50258F95 >52 73+0A+752 A/88-02 .-? 9.0:-52 5, .-? 2H2,L852 >5 2+:052 0/0 9+0:-+2,+4-52 R=/-+2 \N598295<C $9:+3>.2WP-9+50 `35+8.2Y* '995 35A153A15 >/0A >52 359.,+/02 268+/,+4-52 5, >52 2,3-A,-352 D/0>.850,.952 RA/885 95 A.336 268+/,+4-5 259/0 `35+8.2C D/385 " !#%-#% >5 ,/-,5 2+:0+D+A.,+/0Y* UY '0 6,50>.0, 95 A/0A57, >5 268+/,+4-5 .-W>59E >52 2H2,L852 >5 2+:052 +0,50,+/00592C /0 75-, >6D+0+3 9. 268+/,+4-5 A/885 9M6,->5 >5 9. 8.0+L35 >/0, 95 8/0>5C 2+:052 A/873+2C D.+, 2502* $+02+C >.02 9. ,3.>+,+/0 >5 9. ,16/3+5 .-:-2,+0+5005 >52 2+:052 0.,-3592C 9. 268+/,+4-5 75-, 6,->+53 952 +0>+A52 ) -0 0-.:5 2+:0+D+5 9. 79-+5 >+DD6358850, >- 8/, !.0%(C 1

Rastier Introduction à la Semiotique

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Rastier Introduction à la  Semiotique

!"#$%&$'()*)&*!+$),+)!*-)*./*+(.&(0)(12*314567894361

:5;1<63=*0/!&$)0+,0!>*?;53=

!"##$%&'()%*(( (!+,-.,+/0(1+2,/3+4-5(5,(67+2,68/9/:+4-5( (%%*(;-52,+/02(/-<53,52%%%*(=.(268.0,+4-5(>52(,5?,52(5,(252(73/7/2+,+/02(7/-3(9.(268+/,+4-5%@*(@532(-05(268+/,+4-5(>52(A-9,-352

$@*!348;4361*A3=4653B82*24*CD3=4CE6F6G3B82

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

=.(2A+50A5(:6063.95(>52(2+:052(.(6,6(0/8865(*('%-1%2*(7.3(P/10(=/AK5C(5,(A5(0/8(.(6,6 ( 3573+2 (7.3 (G1.3952 (!.-0>532 (Q5+3A5 ( RSTUVWSVSXYC (7-+2 (7.3 (G1.3952 (#/33+2 (5, (&->/9D(G.30.7* ( Z53>+0.0> ( >5 ( !.-22-35 ( RSTX[WSVSUY ( . ( 7/-3 ( 2. ( 7.3, ( 0/886 (*3'%-.-&%(( A5,,5(>+2A+79+05C ( 2-+<+ ( 7.3 ( =/-+2 (\N598295< ( R4-+ ( 5879/+5 ( 95 (8/, (*3'%-1%/0(( 7/-3 ( >62+:053 ( 952(2H2,L852 ( >5 ( 2+:052Y* ( G5, ( -2.:5 ( >-3. ( N-24-M.-? ( .00652 ( 2/+?.0,5 ( RAD* ( &/9.0> (].3,152C(4.3'(51* ) $( ) *3'%-.-&%(C ( SV^XY* ( _ ( 2. ( D/0>.,+/0 ( RSV^VYC ( 9M$22/A+.,+/0 ( +0,530.,+/0.95 ( >5(268+/,+4-5 ( ,3.0A1. ( 7/-3 ( 9M-2.:5 ( .0:9/W2.?/0C ( 4-+ ( 2M52, ( +87/26 ( >.02 ( 952 ( 8+9+5-?(.A.>68+4-52C(8.+2(0/0(>.02(A5-?(>5(9.(A/88-0+A.,+/0*

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

B5 ( 0/2 ( N/-32C ( 4-.,35 ( A/0A57,+/02 ( >5 ( 9. ( 268+/,+4-5C ( +06:.95850, ( 35736250,652C(A/33527/0>50,(E(.-,.0,(>M5?,502+/02(>5(2/0(/FN5,*

SY ( =. ( 7358+L35 ( 352,35+0, ( 95 ( A1.87 ( >M+0<52,+:.,+/0 ( .-? ( 2H2,L852 ( >5 ( 2+:052 ( 0/0(9+0:-+2,+4-52C(A/885(952(2+:0.-?(3/-,+532C(952(F9.2/02C(952(-0+D/3852*('995(.(6,6(+99-2,365(7.3(>52(9+0:-+2,52(D/0A,+/00.9+2,52(A/885(`5/3:52(#/-0+0(/-(=/-+2(Q3+5,/*

aY ( =. ( 25A/0>5 ( >6D+0+, ( 95 ( 9.0:.:5 ( A/885 ( 9M50258F95 ( >52 ( 73+0A+752 ( A/88-02 ( .-?(9.0:-52 ( 5, ( .-? ( 2H2,L852 ( >5 ( 2+:052 ( 0/0 ( 9+0:-+2,+4-52 ( R=/-+2 ( \N598295<C ($9:+3>.2WP-9+50(`35+8.2Y*('995(35A153A15(>/0A(>52(359.,+/02(268+/,+4-52(5,(>52(2,3-A,-352(D/0>.850,.952(RA/885(95(A.336(268+/,+4-5(259/0(`35+8.2C(D/385(")!#%-#%(>5(,/-,5(2+:0+D+A.,+/0Y*

UY('0(6,50>.0,(95(A/0A57,(>5(268+/,+4-5(.-W>59E(>52(2H2,L852(>5(2+:052(+0,50,+/00592C(/0(75-,(>6D+0+3(9.(268+/,+4-5(A/885(9M6,->5(>5(9.(8.0+L35(>/0,(95(8/0>5C(2+:052(A/873+2C(D.+, ( 2502* ($+02+C ( >.02 ( 9. ( ,3.>+,+/0 ( >5 ( 9. ( ,16/3+5 ( .-:-2,+0+5005 ( >52 ( 2+:052 ( 0.,-3592C ( 9.(268+/,+4-5(75-,(6,->+53(952(+0>+A52()(-0(0-.:5(2+:0+D+5(9.(79-+5(>+DD6358850,(>-(8/, (!.0%(C(

1

jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
Sistemas de signos no ling
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
lenguaje como conjunto de principios comunes a llos sistemas ling y no ling
jorgesadII
semiøtica incluye signos naturales
Page 2: Rastier Introduction à la  Semiotique

8.+2(R259/0('A/(7.3(5?58795Y(9.(268+/,+4-5(75-,(>6</+953(9M-0+,6(>5(A52(D.b/02(>5(2+:0+D+53C(95(2+:05(6,.0,(.9/32(>6D+0+(,3L2(:6063.95850,(A/885(-05(A1/25(4-+(,+50,(9+5-(>M-05(.-,35*(G5,,5(A/0A57,+/0 ( >5 ( 9. ( 268+/,+4-5 ( >6F/-A15 ( 2/-<50, ( 2-3 ( -05 ( 7160/860/9/:+5 ( RA/885 ( 9.(!8"53#-*2-!%((>5(Q5+3A5Y*

XY(G53,.+02(.-,5-32(6,50>50,(50D+0(9.(268+/,+4-5(.-W>59E(>-(8/0>5(1-8.+0C(50(9.+22.0,(-05(79.A5(E(9.(268+/,+4-5(>-(3L:05(.0+8.9(R/- (;--*3'%-1%/0(YC (</+35(>52(.-,352(3L:052*(&6-0+22.0,(952(2A+50A52(2/A+.952(5,(952(2A+50A52(>5(9.(0.,-35(5,(>5(9.(<+5C(+92(5?79/+,50,(>52(0/,+/02 (A/885(A5995 (>5(A/>5(:606,+4-5C (7/-3 (73/8/-</+3 (-05(2/3,5 (>5 (7.0268+/,+285C(D/385(350/-<5965(>5(71+9/2/71+5(>5(9.(0.,-35*

_ ( A52 ( 4-.,35 ( A/0A57,+/02 ( A/33527/0>50, ( .-,.0, ( >5 ( ,H752 ( 67+2,68/9/:+4-52* ( =.(7358+L35(D.+,(>5(9.(268+/,+4-5(-05(>+2A+79+05(>52A3+7,+<5(-,+9+2.0,(9.(86,1/>5(A/87.3.,+<5(I(5995(352,5(.9/32(-05(2A+50A5(2/A+.95(7.38+(>M.-,352*(=.(25A/0>5C(79-2(.8F+,+5-25C(>/005(E(9.(268+/,+4-5(9.(8+22+/0(>5(c253<+3(>5(0/385(E(,/-,52(952(2A+50A52(1-8.+052d(R\N598295<Y*(=.(,3/+2+L85(25 (A/0D/0> (.<5A (-05 (71+9/2/71+5 (>5 ( 9. (2+:0+D+A.,+/0* (=. (>530+L35 (50D+0 ( ,50> (E(5DD.A53(9.(>+2,+0A,+/0(50,35(952(2A+50A52C(A/885(50,35(2A+50A52(5,(71+9/2/71+5*

G52 (>+<53:50A52 (4-.0, ( E ( 9. ( D.b/0 ( >5 ( A/0A5</+3 ( 9. ( 268+/,+4-5 (:6063.95 ( 0M/0, ( 7.2(587OA16C(F+50(.-(A/0,3.+35C(4-5(25(8-9,+79+50,(>52(268+/,+4-52(276A+D+4-52*(=.(268+/,+4-5(>+2A-32+<5C (4-+ (50,50>+, (>.02( 952 (.00652 (2/+?.0,5W>+? (7.99+53 ( 9M.F250A5(>M-05( 9+0:-+2,+4-5(,5?,-5995(>6<59/7765C(25(>+<+2.(50(2/-2W>+2A+79+052(259/0(952(,H752(>5(>+2A/-32(RN-3+>+4-5C(7/9+,+4-5C ( 359+:+5-?C (5,A*Y* (BM.-,352 (268+/,+4-52 (25(>+2,+0:-50, (7.3 (>52 (A3+,L352 (2502/3+592(,/-A1.0,(952(8/>.9+,62(>5(9M5?73522+/0(R268+/,+4-52(<+2-5995C(.->+,+<5C(5,A*Y*(BM.-,352(50A/35(25(276A+.9+250,(50(D/0A,+/0(>5(73.,+4-52(A-9,-359952(R268+/,+4-5(>5(9.(>.025C(>-(A+068.C(>5(9.(7-F9+A+,6C(>5(9.(A-+2+05C(5,A*Y*(BM.-,352(50D+0(7350050,(7/-3(/FN5,(>52(2H2,L852(7.3,+A-9+532(R268+/,+4-5(:52,-5995Y (/-(>52(25A,5-32(>5( 9.( 36.9+,6(.3F+,3.+35850, (>6D+0+2( R268+/,+4-5(>-(36A+,C(72HA1/268+/,+4-5C(5,A*Y*

=5(3.77/3,(>52(268+/,+4-52(276A+.9+2652(5,(>52(>+2A+79+052(.A.>68+4-52(A/02,+,-652(863+,5(>MO,35(736A+26()(9.(268+/,+4-5(>5(9.(8-2+4-5(25(A/0D/0>W5995(.<5A(9.(8-2+A/9/:+5C(A5995(>5( 9M+8.:5(.<5A( 9M+A/0/9/:+5(e(Q.3(.+995-32C(7/-3(A5(4-+(A/0A5305( 9.(268+/,+4-5(:6063.95C(>5-? ( </+52 ( >5 ( A/02,+,-,+/0 ( 2/0, ( 50<+2.:5.F952 ( ) ( 9. ( </+5 ( D6>63.,+<5 ( -0+, ( 952 ( >+DD6350,52(268+/,+4-52 ( 7/-3 ( D/3853 ( -0 ( A1.87 ( +0,53>+2A+79+0.+35 ( I ( 9. ( </+5 ( -0+D+A.,3+A5 ( A/02+>L35 ( 952(268+/,+4-52(7.3,+A-9+L352(A/885(>52(2/-2W>+2A+79+052(3595<.0,(>M-05(8O85(2A+50A5*(!5-95(9.(25A/0>5(</+5(.(6,6(5?79/365(N-24-ME(736250,*(=52(.8F+,+/02(>/0,(5995(,68/+:05(2/0,(2.02(>/-,5(9+652(E(9M/3+:+05(71+9/2/71+4-5(>5(9.(268+/,+4-5*('9952(/0,(5-(7/-3(A/0,357.3,+5(-05(D.+F95(+879.0,.,+/0(.A.>68+4-5()(9.(268+/,+4-5(05(2M52,(7.2(<63+,.F95850,(50A/35(A/02,+,-65(50(>+2A+79+05(.-,/0/85*

$$@*'82=4361=*68H2542=

<" ) *3'%-1%/0( ) (*1=(..( ) 05( ) $%*2%!.%5()>( f ( G/372 ( >5 ( 2.</+32C ( >5 ( 7/2,-9.,2 ( 5, ( >5(A/0N5A,-352C ( 9. ( 268+/,+4-5 (52, ( +22-5 (>5 (>5-? (>+2A+79+052() ( 9. ( 71+9/2/71+5 ( R0/,.8850, ( 9.(71+9/2/71+5 ( >- ( 9.0:.:5Y ( >57-+2 ( =/AK5C ( 4-+ ( . ( 268+/,+26 ( 9. ( ,3.>+,+/0 ( >5 ( 9. ( 9/:+4-5(71+9/2/71+4-5C ( 5, ( 9. ( 9+0:-+2,+4-5 ( >57-+2 (!.-22-35C (\N598295<C (`35+8.2 (0/,.8850,* ( ]+50(4-M59952 (0M.+50, (7.2 ( 95 (8O85(2,.,-,C ( 0+ ( 952 (8O852 (/FN5A,+D2C ( 59952 (75-<50, (>+.9/:-53 (50(352,.0,(2-3(95(,533.+0(71+9/2/71+4-5C(>.02(9.(852-35(/g(9.(268.0,+4-5C(>/8.+05(A1.30+L35(50,35 ( 9+0:-+2,+4-5 ( 5, ( 71+9/2/71+5 ( >- ( 9.0:.:5C ( 352,5 ( 9.3:5850, ( /-<53,5 ( E ( >52 ( 4-52,+/02(86,.71H2+4-52(A/885(A5995(>5(9.(36D6350A5(I(8.+2(A5(>+.9/:-5(352,5(75-(D3-A,-5-?(5,(952(8O852(.3:-850,2(H(35<+50050,(>57-+2(>52(2+LA952S*

#.9:36(952(5DD/3,2(>5(A/0A+9+.,+/0C(9.(2H0,1L25(352,5(+87/22+F95C(A.3(9.(268+/,+4-5(+22-5(>5(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5(5,(9.(268+/,+4-5(71+9/2/71+4-5(>585-350,(267.3652*('0(7358+53(9+5-C(59952(>+<53:50, ( 2-3 ( 9. ( 4-52,+/0 ( >52 (*(0%.* ) *3'%-1%/0(*( 4-+ ( 267.350, ( 952 ( 9.0:.:52 ( 5, ( .-,352(2H2,L852(>5(2+:052(>52(.-,352(0+<5.-?(>5(9.(36.9+,6()(95(0+<5.-(71H2+4-5(5,(95(0+<5.-(>52(R35Y736250,.,+/02*(=E(/g(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5(50(352,5(.-?(2H2,L852(>5(2+:052C(9.(71+9/2/71+5(>-(9.0:.:5C(>.02(2.(,3.>+,+/0(+0,50,+/00.9+2,5C(8+9+,5(7/-3(-0(.F.+225850,(</+35(-05(2-773522+/0(>52 (25-+92* (Q/-3 (-05 (A/02A+50A5C ( ,/-, (75-, (2+:0+D+53C (>.02 ( 9. (852-35 (/g ( 9M+0,50,+/00.9+,6(268+/,+25(,/-,(A5(4-M5995(<+25*(#+5-?C(7/-3(Q5+3A5C(9.(268+/,+4-5(+0,635225(,.0,(952(.0+8.-?(4-5(952(79.0,52(5,(952(8+063.-?(I(5,(>52(268+/,+A+502(75+3A+502(A/0,587/3.+02(/0,(>M.+995-32(6</4-6(952(268+/,+4-52(>52(7.3,+A-952(696850,.+352(R1.>3/02C(957,/02C(5,A*Y*(

S(GD*('A/C(SVTV*(

2

jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
extensiøn de la semiøtica : reunøn de las ciencias sociales y las ciencas naturales
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
jorgesadII
Page 3: Rastier Introduction à la  Semiotique

!68+/,+4-5 ( 71+9/2/71+4-5 ( 5, ( 268+/,+4-5 ( 9+0:-+2,+4-5 ( >+<53:50, ( 2-3 ( -05 ( 25A/0>5(4-52,+/0(A3+,+4-5()(95-3(/FN5,(A/87350>W+9(>5-?(/3>352(>5(36.9+,6(e(%A+(50A/35(9.(A/0A57,+/0(>5(9. ( 2+:0+D+A.,+/0 ( 352,5 ( >6,538+0.0,5* ( Q/-3 ( 9. ( ,3.>+,+/0 ( >5 ( 9. ( 268+/,+4-5 ( 71+9/2/71+4-5C ( 95(36.9+285(9M587/3,5C(5,(.<5A(9-+(95(7/2,-9.,(4-5(9.(2+:0+D+A.,+/0(52,(-0(3.77/3,(50,35(-0(A/0A57,(5,(-0(/FN5,*('995(>/+,(>/0A(7/2,-953(E(,/-,5(D/3A5(-05(/0,/9/:+5(>52(/FN5,2*(

%22- ( >M-05 ( ,3.>+,+/0 ( 86>+6<.95 ( 4-+ ( 358/0,5 ( E ( `-+99.-85 ( >M"AA.8C ( 95 ( 736,50>-(0/8+0.9+285(>5(=/AK5(5,(>5( 9.(71+9/2/71+5(.0.9H,+4-5(0M52,(4-M-0(36.9+285(>52(+0>+<+>-2C(.9/32(4-5(9.(268.0,+4-5(2.-22-3+5005(8+9+,5(50(35<.0A15(7/-3(-0(0/0W36.9+285(>5(73+0A+75*(!/0 ( 35D-2 (>5 ( 9M/0,/9/:+5 ( 35<O, ( -05 ( <.95-3 ( D/0>.,3+A5 ( 7/-3 ( >+2,+0:-53 ( 9. ( 268.0,+4-5 (>52(9.0:-52(>5(A5995(>-(9.0:.:5C(>6,50-5(>57-+2($3+2,/,5(7.3(9.(9/:+4-5*(=M/0,/9/:+5(95(AL>5(.9/32(E ( -05 ( c(>6W/0,/9/:+5(dC ( 5, ( 9. ( A/0A57,+/0 ( 35736250,.,+/005995 ( >5 ( 9. ( 2+:0+D+A.,+/0 ( E ( -05(A/0A57,+/0(73.?6/9/:+4-5(4-+(9.(>6D+0+,(A/885(2502(>5(753D/38.0A52(268+/,+4-52(.-(25+0(>5(73.,+4-52(2/A+.952(RAD*(9M.-,5-3C(SVV^Y*

=.(9+0:-+2,+4-5(.(7-(>5<50+3(95(0/H.-(A/02,+,-.0,(>5(9.(268+/,+4-5(A/0,587/3.+05(7.3(2/0(73/N5,(2A+50,+D+4-5(f(4-+( 9.(267.3.+, (>5(9.(71+9/2/71+5C(7.3(2/0(67+2,68/9/:+5(5,(2.(86,1/>/9/:+5(>5(2A+50A5(1+2,/3+4-5(5,(A/87.365*(G5750>.0,C (A5,,5(6</9-,+/0(0M.(7.2(6,6(A/873+25C(5,(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5(.(2/-<50,(6,6(5?79/+,65(5,(2-779.0,65(>M-0(8O85(8/-<5850,(7.3(>52(73/N5,2(60/0A+.,+D2 (/-(A/:0+,+D2 (4-+ (50,50>.+50, ( 9.(>67.2253() (A.,6:/3+52(-0+<53259952C(2-N5,2(,3.02A50>.0,.-?(2/0,(352,62(9.(8.,+L35(/3>+0.+35(5,(7.22.F95850,(276A-9.,+<5(>5(9.(36D95?+/0*(G5750>.0,C(/0(05(75-,(D/0>53(9.(268+/,+4-5(7.3(.F2,3.A,+/0*(Q.3(5?58795C(A5(0M52,(7.2(9M.F2,3.A,+/0(>5(D/3852(E(7.3,+3(>52(9.0:-52(4-+(75385,(>5(>6A3+35(952(D/0A,+/005850,2(73/7352(.-?( +8.:52(/g(.-?(8-2+4-52() (A5,,5(.F2,3.A,+/0(05(75-, ( 35,3/-<53 (4-5( 95( D/0>2(86,.71H2+4-5(>5(9.(,3.>+,+/0(9/:+A/W:3.88.,+A.95(4-+(73+<+96:+5(-0(75,+,(0/8F35(>5(359.,+/02(5,(>5(A.,6:/3+52C(A/8F+0652(50(8/>L952(c(A/02,+,-,+/00592(d(F5.-A/-7(,3/7(7-+22.0,2C(7.3(95-3(,3+<+.9+,6(8O85C(5,(4-5(9M/0(75-,(73/N5,53(2-3(>52(/FN5,2(4-59A/04-52C(A53,52(2.02(:3.0>(5DD/3,C ( 8.+2 ( 2.02 ( :.+0 ( >52A3+7,+D ( 0/,.F95* ( BL2 ( 9/32 ( 4-5 ( 9M/0 ( A5225 ( >5 ( 7/2,-953 ( >+<532(-0+<532.-?(4-M/0(9-+(>/005(7/-3 (-#&"5-5C(</+35(7/-3(/FN5,C(9.(268+/,+4-5(05(75-,(O,35(4-5(D6>63.,+<5() ( 9M+A/0/9/:+5C ( 9. (8-2+A/9/:+5C ( 9. ( 9+0:-+2,+4-5C ( 9. ( A1/36:3.71+5C ( 5,A* ( 2/0, ( F+50(50,50>-(7.3,+52(7350.0,52(>5(A5,,5(D6>63.,+/0*(

<")*3'%-1%/0()(*1=(..( )05()*2%(52()$(*)*%&5(*)> )f(=.(268+/,+4-5(A/0,587/3.+05(.(75-,WO,35(>6D+0+(,3/7(352,3+A,+<5850,(2/0(/FN5,*('995(25(736250,5(50(5DD5,(A/885(-05(2A+50A5(>52(2+:052C(5,(F+50(>52(/-<3.:52(>5(268+/,+4-5(2/0,(A/02.A362(E(9.(,H7/9/:+5(>52(2+:052(RAD*('A/C(SVVaY*(B.02(9.(,3.>+,+/0(.0:9/W2.?/005C(9.(>6D+0+,+/0(75+3A+5005(>5(9.(268+/,+4-5(A/885(c(>/A,3+05(>52(2+:052(d(RSVh^C(%C(7*(VTY(.(-05(:3.0>5(.-,/3+,6C(5,(i1/8.2(!5F5/KC(4-+(7362+>.(750>.0, ( ,350,5 ( .02 ( .-? ( >52,+0652 ( .A.>68+4-52 (8/0>+.952 ( >5 ( 9. ( 268+/,+4-5C ( 2/-9+:0.+,(0.:-L35(4-5(95(A/0A57,(A96(>5(9.(268+/,+4-5(>585-35(,/-N/-32(95(2+:05*(Q.7(52,+8.+,(7/-3(2.(7.3,(362-853(9M/7+0+/0(>5(,/-,(268+/,+A+50(50(36.DD+38.0,(4-5(9.(268+/,+4-5(52,(9M6,->5(>52(2+:052*

=M.DD.+35(253.+,(50,50>-5(2+(95(2+:05(0M6,.+,(-0(.3,5D.A,(>52(268+/,+A+502()(>M-05(7.3,C(2/0(+>50,+D+A.,+/0(52,(95(362-9,.,(>M-05(+0,53736,.,+/0C(0/0(2/0(7/+0,(>5(>67.3,(I(>M.-,35(7.3,C(50(3L:95(:6063.95C(952(73.,+4-52(268+/,+4-52(05(85,,50,(7.2(50(j-<35(>52(2+:052(+2/962C(8.+2(>52 ( D/38.,+/02 ( A/8795?52 ( >/0, ( 9. ( 25:850,.,+/0 ( 52, ( ,/-N/-32 ( 73/F968.,+4-5C ( 7.3D/+2(+87/22+F95*(=.(>6D+0+,+/0(>5(9.(268+/,+4-5(A/885(2A+50A5(>52(2+:052(2M+02A3+,(.9/32(>.02(9.(,3.>+,+/0 ( 9/:+4-5 ( 5, ( :3.88.,+A.95 ( >M.2A50>.0A5 ( .3+2,/,69+A+5005* ( k0+<532.9+2,5C ( 2,.,+4-5C(36.9+2,5C (5995(2M.77-+5(2-3(-05(/0,/9/:+5C (5,(2-F/3>/005(>/0A( 95(2+:05(.-(A/0A57, (A5026(35736250,53( 9MO,35()( +9 (258F95(F+50(4-5(9.(2/9+,->5(>-(2+:05(2/+,( 9.(3.0b/0(>5(9M.-,.3A+5(>-(A/0A57,*

G53,52C(952(A/-3.0,2(268+/,+4-52(+22-2(>5(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5(79-,l,(4-5(>5(9.(9/:+4-5(/-(>5(9.(:3.88.+35(2/-9+:050,(4-5(9.(268+/,+4-5(7350>(7/-3(/FN5,(952(*+*19'(*(>5(2+:052*(GM52,(95(A.2C ( >.02 ( 9. ( ,3.>+,+/0 ( 5-3/765005C ( >5 ( !.-22-35 ( 5, ( \N598295< ( E ( =/,8.0 ( 0/,.8850,*(G5750>.0,C(952 (*+*19'(*( >5(2+:052(2/0,(/3>+0.+35850,(A/0b-2(A/885(>52(2H0,.?52()(7.3(5?58795C ( 9. ( ,16/3+5 ( >5 (\N598295< ( 6,50> ( >52 ( 73/A6>-352 ( >M.0.9H25 (8/371/2H0,.?+4-5 ( E(9M50258F95(>52(2H2,L852(>5(2+:052*("3C(8O85(7/-3(952(9.0:-52C(A5,,5(A/0A57,+/0(2H0,.?+4-5(05(A/0<+50,(7.2C(/-(D/3,(8.9*(B.02(9M.0.9H25(>52(,5?,52C(/0(359L<5(,/-,52(2/3,52(>M-0+,62(4-+(05(A/02+2,50,(7.2(50(2+:052C(A/885(952(,1L852(/-(952(D/0A,+/02(0.33.,+<52*(=52(2+:052(2/0,(952(-0+,62(952(8/+02(A/8795?52C(A59.(0M50,3.m05(7.2(4-M59952(2/+50,(D/0>.850,.952C(.-(2502(/g(,/-,52(952(.-,352(25(36>-+3.+50,(E(59952(2.02(352,5*('0D+0C(-05(9.0:-5(05(A/02+2,5(7.2(50(-0(5,(-0(25-9(2H2,L85(>5(2+:052C(>.02(9.(852-35(/g(,/-,(,5?,5(,68/+:05(>5(9M+0,53.A,+/0(>5(79-2+5-32(2/3,52(>5(2H2,L852C(0/,.8850,(>5(0/3852*(GM52,(7/-34-/+(.-A-05(:3.88.+35(05(

3

Page 4: Rastier Introduction à la  Semiotique

75-,(50:50>353(-0(,5?,5(I(5,(D.-,5(>5(,50+3(A/87,5(>52(0/3852C( 952(:3.88.+352(A.7.F952(>M50:50>353(>52(713.252(05(75-<50,(6A.3,53(952(713.252(+0>+A+F952(W(/-(0/0(>+A+F952(7.3A5(4-M+0.AA57,.F952(259/0(952(A.0/02(>5(9.(3.,+/0.9+,6*

$$$@*.;*=CE;143B82*72=*42I42=*24*=2=*D56D6=34361=*D685*F;*=CE3643B82

<()*(5*)(1) .")*3'%-*%*)1(?10(..(@)A)k05(.-,35(/77/2+,+/0( +0,635225( 952(7.9+532(>5( 9.(>52A3+7,+/0()(/0(7.395(.9/32(>5(9.(*%&5%B%2"1%-5(>M-0(8/,(5,(>-(*(5*(>M-0(,5?,5*(G5,,5(25A/0>5(>+2,+0A,+/0(35D9L,5(.9/32(9.(>+2,+0A,+/0(50,35(952(>5-?(73/F968.,+4-52(9/:+A/W:3.88.,+A.95(5,(1538605-,+4-5(n(316,/3+4-5*(]+o.335850,C(9.(79-7.3,(>52(,16/3+52(>5(9.(2+:0+D+A.,+/0(50(352,50,(.-(2+:05(+2/96C(F+50(4-M+9(2/+,(-0(.3,5D.A,()(+9(0M52,(7.2(/F253<6(587+3+4-5850,(5,(25-95(-05(>6A+2+/0(86,1/>/9/:+4-5(75385,(>M+2/953 (-0(2+:05* ('0(35<.0A15C ( 952(60/0A62(587+3+4-52(2/0,(>52(,5?,52(/3.-?(/-(6A3+,2C(/-(>52(7.22.:52(>5(A52(,5?,52*(

]+50(4-M5995(/AA-75(-05(7/2+,+/0(+0,5386>+.+35(50,35(95(2+:05(5,(95(,5?,5C(9.(713.25(52,(,3.>+,+/005995850, (A/0b-5(E(7.3,+3 (>-(2+:05(5, (0/0(>-( ,5?,5* (=5( 35A/-32(>5(79-2(50(79-2(D364-50,(.-(A/0,5?,5(352,5(.8F+:-C(A.3(AM52,(-05(o/05(>M5?,502+/0C(359.,+<5850,(.-(2+:05(5,(E(9.(713.25C(8.+2(-05(o/05(>5(352,3+A,+/0C(359.,+<5850,(.-(,5?,5*

=.(*3'%-*%*C(359.,+/0(D/0>.850,.95(4-+(-0+,(952(>5-?(D.A52(>-(2+:05C(>/+,(O,35(3.77/3,65(.-? ( >5-? ( 79.02 ( >- ( A/0,50- ( 5, ( >5 ( 9M5?73522+/0 ( >52 ( ,5?,52 ( 5, ( >52 ( .-,352 ( 753D/38.0A52(268+/,+4-52C(5,(0/0(79-2(>6D+0+5(A/885(-05(359.,+/0(50,35(95(2+:0+D+.0,(5,(95(2+:0+D+6(>-(2+:05*(BM.-,35(7.3,C(5995(05(75-,(O,35(>6D+0+5(7.3(-05(359.,+/0(9/:+4-5(2+8795850,(D/38-9.F95C(A/885(9M+0D6350A5(>.02(9.(,3.>+,+/0(+0,50,+/00.9+2,5(/-(9.(7362-77/2+,+/0(36A+73/4-5(>.02(9.(,3.>+,+/0(2,3-A,-3.9+2,5*('0D+0C(95(2+:0+D+.0,(0M50(52,(7.2(95(7/+0,(>5(>67.3,C(A.3( +9(.( 9-+(8O85(E(O,35(35A/00-*('0(>M.-,352(,53852C(952(359.,+/02(4-+(6,.F9+2250,(95(2502(</0,(>5(2+:0+D+6(50(2+:0+D+6C(.-22+(F+50(4-5(>-(2+:0+D+6(<532(95(2+:0+D+.0,*($-22+C(0/-2(>6D+0+22/02(9.(268+/2+2(E(7.3,+3(>-(3625.-(>52(359.,+/02(50,35(2+:0+D+62(.-(25+0(>-(,5?,5(f(50(A/02+>63.0,(952(2+:0+D+.0,2(A/885(>52 (%51(#!#31"51*( 4-+(75385,,50,(>5(A/02,3-+35(A53,.+052(>5(A52(359.,+/02*(J/-2(A/0A5</02(A52(359.,+/02(A/885(>52(7.3A/-32(/3+50,62* ("0(7/-33.+, (>+2,+0:-53(2.02(>/-,5(.-,.0,(>5(2/3,52(>5(268+/2+2(4-5(>5(2/3,52(>5(7.3A/-32(696850,.+352C(8.+2(+9(D.-,(2/-9+:053(4-5(,/-2(952(2+:052(9+0:-+2,+4-52(05(25(73O,50,(7.2(.-?(8O852(7.3A/-32*(

'0D+0C(9.(268+/2+2(05(75-,(O,35(D+?65(4-5(A/885(362-9,.,(>5(9M+0,53736,.,+/0C(0/0(A/885(2/0(>67.3,*(=M+>50,+D+A.,+/0(>52(2+:0+D+.0,2(258F95(-0(>52(7/+0,2(>M50,365(>.02(95(7.3A/-32(+0,53736,.,+DC(8.+2(5995(52,(736A6>65(7.3(952(.,,50,52(5,(7362/87,+/02(4-5(>6D+0+,(95(A/0,3.,(73/735(.-(:5035(,5?,-59(>5(9.(73.,+4-5(50(A/-32(I(.-22+(258F95W,W5995(6:.95850,(-0(7/+0,(>5(35,/-3*(

&5>6D+0+3 ( .+02+ ( 9. ( 268+/2+2 ( 9. ( 3.77/3,5 ( 06A522.+35850, ( .- ( A/0A57, ( >5 (!"#2-0#*)%51(#!#31"1%B*(=5(2502(0M52,(79-2(D+?6(7.3(-0(A/>.:5(736.9.F95(4-+(.22/A+53.+,(2,3+A,5850,(-0(2+:0+D+.0, ( 5, ( -0 ( 2+:0+D+6 ( /- ( -05 ( A9.225 ( >5 ( 2+:0+D+62 ( RA.3 ( 9. ( 9.0:-5 ( 0M52, ( 7.2 ( -05(0/850A9.,-35Y() ( +9 (52,(73/>-+, (>.02(>52(7.3A/-32(4-+(>+2A36,+250,(5,(-0+2250,(>52(2+:0+D+62(50,35(5-?C(50(7.22.0,(7.3(>52(2+:0+D+.0,2*

=52 ( :50352C ( >.02 ( 9. ( 852-35 ( /g ( +92 ( >6,538+050, ( .- ( 7.9+53 ( ,5?,-59 ( 952 ( 8/>52 ( >5(A/3369.,+/0(50,35(952(79.02(>-(2+:0+D+6(5,(>-(2+:0+D+.0,C(2/0,(952(D.A,5-32(>6,538+0.0,2(>5 (.")*3'%-*%*)1(?10(..(*(%92(A/0,3.+:050,(0/0(25-95850,(95(8/>5(8+86,+4-5(>-(,5?,5C(8.+2(.-22+(252 ( 8/>52 ( >5 ( 73/>-A,+/0 ( 5, ( >M+0,53736,.,+/0* ( %92 ( ,68/+:050, ( 7.3 ( .+995-32 ( >- ( A.3.A,L35(+02,+,-.0,(>52(73.,+4-52(2/A+.952(>.02(9524-59952(+92(7350050,(79.A5*

7-0# )05() #(B-5$"1%-5 ) %51(#!#31"1%C( )$() ." )*3'%-1%/0(@ )A)@50/02W50 (E (-05 (4-52,+/0(A3-A+.95(5,(2/-<50,(/8+25()(A/8850,(A/0A5</+3(9M-0+,6(>52(>5-?(79.02(>-(9.0:.:5C(8+?,5(N-:6(+0,/963.F95 ( >5 ( 2502+F95 ( 5, ( >M+0,599+:+F95 ( e ("0 ( 75-, ( F+50 ( 50,50>- ( 73/7/253 ( -05 ( 367/025(D/0A,+/005995C(5,(3.775953(4-5(95(9.0:.:5(.(>5(D.+,(2+0/0(7.3(</A.,+/0(-05(D/0A,+/0(86>+.,3+A5(50,35(A52(>5-?(271L352a*(%9(D.-,(50A/35(4-5(A5,,5(A/0A57,+/0(8O85(D.225(>3/+,(E(9M-0+,6(>52(>5-?(79.02*(k05(A/0A57,+/0(0/0(>-.9+2,5(25(>/+,(50(5DD5,(>M+0,6:353(2+:0+D+.0,2(5,(2+:0+D+62(>.02(952(8O852(7.3A/-32()(+92(2/0,(>+2A36,+262(>M.+995-32(7.3(952(8O852(,H752(>M/763.,+/02UC(5, ( 952 ( 2+:0+D+.0,2 ( 05 ( 2/0, ( 7.2 (79-2 ( c>/0062d ( 4-5 ( 952 ( 2+:0+D+62* ( =. ( ,16/3+5 ( >52 (7.3A/-32(+0,53736,.,+D2 ( 75385, ( >5 ( 350>35 ( A/87,5 ( >- ( 9+50 ( 73/F968.,+4-5 ( 50,35 ( 952 ( >5-? ( 79.02 ( >-(9.0:.:5*('0(5DD5,C(9.(268.0,+4-5(+0,53736,.,+<5(.(8.+0,52(D/+2(2/-9+:06(4-5(9M.A,-.9+2.,+/0(>5(

a(GD*(9M.-,5-3C(SVV^*U(J/-2(.</02(>6,.+996(7.3(.+995-32C(50(6,->+.0,(952(359.,+/02(268.0,+4-52(50(A/0,5?,5C(952(.0.9/:+52(50,35(95(,3.+,5850,(>52(A/0,3.2,52(50(753A57,+/0(<+2-5995(5,(.->+,+<5(5,(50(753A57,+/0(268.0,+4-5(RAD*(SVVSC(A1*(@%%%Y*

4

jorgesadII
jorgesadII
Page 5: Rastier Introduction à la  Semiotique

,3.+,2 ( 268.0,+4-52 ( 5?+:5.+, ( 95 ( 7.22.:5 ( 7.3 ( A52 ( +0,53736,.0,2 ( 4-5 ( 2/0, ( 259/0 ( 5995 ( 952(2+:0+D+.0,2(R7.3(5?58795C(9.(3+85(52,(/3>+0.+35850,(9M+0>+A5(>M-05(359.,+/0(268.0,+4-5(50,35(268L852Y*(

i/-,52 ( A52 ( 73/7/2+,+/02 ( A/0<53:50, ( <532 ( -05 ( 35D/0>.,+/0 ( +0,53736,.,+<5 ( >5 ( 9.(268.0,+4-5C(5,(.-W>59EC(>5(9.(268+/,+4-5C(E(7.3,+3(>5(,1L252(4-+(+0,6352250,(95(7.9+53(>-(2+:05(5,(A59-+(>-(,5?,5*(

R+Y(k0(2+:05(0M52,(4-.9+D+6(A/885(,59(4-5(7.3(-0(7.3A/-32(+0,53736,.,+D*(Q.3(5?58795C(-0(2+:05 (>5 (7/0A,-.,+/0 ( A/02+>636 ( A/885 (-05 ( 2+8795 ( >68.3A.,+/0 (>- ( 2+:0+D+.0, ( 75-, ( O,35(268.0,+26(50(A/0,5?,5C(5,(D/0A,+/0053(A/885(-0(8/371L85(R-0(7/+0,(>M5?A9.8.,+/0(75-,(2+:0+D+53(pF3-24-53+5M(7.3(5?58795Y*

R++Y($-A-0(2+:05(0M52,(7.3(9-+W8O85(36D6350,+59C(+0D6350,+59(/-(>+DD6350,+59*(G52(359.,+/02(2/0, (73+<+96:+652(7.3 (>+<53252( ,16/3+52C (8.+2( 952(7.3A/-32( +0,53736,.,+D2 (5DD5A,+D2(2/0, (79-2(A/8795?52C(5,(95-3(.0.9H25(05(75385,(7.2(>5(35,3/-<53(>52(359.,+/02(2+8795850,(4-.9+D+.F952(R7.3(5?58795C(952(+0D6350A52(+0,53736,.,+<52(05(2/0,(7.2(D/3859952Y(I(+92(2/0,(2.02(>/-,5(79-2(73L2(>52(73/A522-2(753A57,+D2(>5(9.(A/02,+,-,+/0(5,(35A/00.+22.0A5(>5(D/3852(4-5(>-(A.9A-9*

R+++Y(=5(,5?,5(R/-(9.(753D/38.0A5(4-+(85,(50(N5-(79-2+5-32(268+/,+4-52C(A/885(95(D+98Y(52,(9M-0+,6(D/0>.850,.95(7/-3(9.(73/F968.,+4-5(316,/3+A/W1538605-,+4-5*(=M-0+,6(9+0:-+2,+4-5(8.?+8.95(52,(95 (2-#!0*)$()#3B3#(52(*(G5,,5(5?73522+/0(.775995(>5-?(736A+2+/02()(95(A/37-2(>6750> ( >- ( 7/+0, ( >5 ( <-5 ( 4-+ ( . ( 7362+>6 ( E ( 2. ( A/02,+,-,+/0(f(4-M+9 ( 2M.:+225 ( >5 ( 9+8+,52(A/0,+0:50,52(A/885(A59952(>M-05(1+2,/+35(A/0<532.,+/005995C(/-(36D96A1+52(A/885(-0(A/37-2(,5?,-59(E(9M+0,63+5-3(>M-0(:5035*(=.(#3B3#(52((2M50,50>(+A+(>.02(9M.AA57,+/0(71+9/9/:+4-5(f(5,(0/0 ( >.02 ( 9M.AA57,+/0 ( 9/:+4-5C ( A.3 ( /0 ( 05 ( 36DL35 ( N.8.+2 ( 4-ME ( -05 ( >/?.C ( AM52,WEW>+35 ( -0(50258F95(>M.?+/852(0/38.,+D2(9/A.95850,(6,.F9+2(7.3(95(A/37-2(>52(,5?,52(/3.-?(/-(6A3+,2(D.+2.0,(.-,/3+,6(>.02(9.(73.,+4-5(50(A/-32*

R+<Y(G52(D/3852(>M+0A+>50A5(25(A/87/250,C(5,(9M/0(7/-33.+,(>+35(4-5(95(2502(362-9,5(>5(8+252(50(359.,+/02(+0,53052(5,(5?,53052(.-(,5?,5C(F35DC(>5(9.(350A/0,35(>M-0(A/0,5?,5(5,(>M-0(+0,53,5?,5* ( =. ( >6,538+0.,+/0 ( >- ( 9/A.9 ( 7.3 ( 95 ( :9/F.9 ( 2M50,50> ( .+02+ ( >5 ( >5-? ( D.b/02C ( 7.3(9M+0A+>50A5(>-(,5?,5(2-3(252(7.3,+52C(5,(7.3(9M+0A+>50A5(>-(A/37-2(2-3(95(,5?,5*("0(7/-33.+,(A53,52 ( /FN5A,53 ( +A+ ( 4-5 ( 9. ( 7358+L35 ( 2/3,5 ( >M+0A+>50A5 ( 52, ( 2,3-A,-3.95C ( 50 ( 4-594-5 ( 2/3,5(+88.050,5C(5,(9.(25A/0>5(A/0,+0:50,5C(c+87/265(>5(9M5?,63+5-3d*(G5750>.0,C(95(,5?,5(7/+0,5(<532(9M+0,53,5?,5C(4-5(A5(2/+,(50(:6063.9(7.3(952(0/3852(>5(2/0(:5035(/-(50(7.3,+A-9+53(7.3(>52(850,+/02C(A+,.,+/02C(.99-2+/02(/-(35D/38-9.,+/02*(

=5 ( 3.77/3, ( E ( -05 ( 5?,63+/3+,6C ( 4-+ ( D/0>5 ( A/0<50,+/005995850, ( 95 ( 73/A522-2(>M/FN5A,+<.,+/0C(:.:5.+,(9.(2+:0+D+A.,+/0(2-3(9.(35736250,.,+/0(>M-05(.9,63+,6(/0,/9/:+4-5(795+05C(A5995 (>- (8/0>5 (>52 (/FN5,2C (5, ( 9. ( D/0>.+, ( 2-3 (-0 ( c3659d (4-+ (0M52, (.-,35 (4-5 ( 9. (>/?. (>52(7/2+,+<+2,52* (Q/-3( 9.(73/F968.,+4-5( 316,/3+4-5( n (1538605-,+4-5C ( c(9M5?,63+5-3(d (>-( ,5?,5(52,(A/02,+,-6(>M.-,352(,5?,52(5,(79-2(:6063.95850,(>M.-,352(753D/38.0A52(268+/,+4-52()(2+C(7/-3(/FN5A,+<53(9M+0,53736,.,+/0(5,(95(2502(4-+(50(362-9,5C(95(364-+2+,(D/0>.850,.9(>M-05(.9,63+,6(52,(8.+0,50-(7.3(9.(36D6350A5(.-(A/37-2C(+9(0M+87/25(79-2(95(35A/-32(E(-05(>+27.3.,5(/0,/9/:+4-5C(0+(E(-0(.A,5(>5(D/+(4-+(2-F/3>/0053.+,(9M.77.350A5(>52(2+:0+D+62(E(9M52250A5(>52(A1/252*

D(#*)05()*3'%-1%/0()$(*)!(#B-#'"52(*)2-'!.(?(*@(f(=.(268+/,+4-5(A/0,587/3.+05(.(2.02(>/-,5(163+,6(2/0(>6D+A+, (1538605-,+4-5(>52(2A+50A52(>-( 9.0:.:5C(4-+C (73+<+96:+.0,( 95(2+:05C(9+5-(>5(9.(36D6350A5C(5,(9.(73/7/2+,+/0C(9+5-(>5(9.(<63+,6C(367-:050,(>5(D.+,(E(,3.+,53(>-(,5?,5*(]50<50+2,5(50(,68/+:0.+,(>5(D.b/0(,3.0A165()(c(=.(268.0,+4-5C(AM52,(95(c2502d(362-9,.0,(>5 ( 9M50A1.m05850,C ( >5 ( 9M.773/73+.,+/0 (E ( 9. ( A+3A/02,.0A5 (5, (>5 ( 9M.>.7,.,+/0 (>52 (>+DD6350,2(2+:052(50,35(5-?*(q.(AM52,(.F2/9-850,(+8736<+2+F95*(qM52,(9M/-<53,-35(<532(95(8/0>5*(i.0>+2(4-5(9.(268+/,+4-5C(AM52,(95(2502(35D5386(2-3(9-+W8O85(5,(A/0,50-(50(4-594-5(2/3,5(50(9-+W8O85(d(RSV[XC(7*(aSY*(=.(D3/0,+L35(>5(9.(73/7/2+,+/0(A/33527/0>3.+,(E(9.(>68.3A.,+/0(50,35(A52(>5-?(>+2A+79+052C (/-(>-(8/+02(50,35( 95-32(/FN5,2* (Q/-3 (7606,3.0,5(4-M5995 (2/+,C (A5,,5(267.3.,+/0(0M5?73+85(4-M-0(6,.,(>5(D.+,() ( 9.(73/F968.,+4-5(9/:+A/W:3.88.,+A.95(7350>(7/-3(/FN5,(952(2+:052(5,(95-3(A/8F+0.+2/0(2H0,.?+4-5(4-+(05(2M6,50>(7.2(.-W>59E(>5(9.(73/7/2+,+/0*('0(35<.0A15C(9.(73/F968.,+4-5(316,/3+4-5W1538605-,+4-5(7350>(7/-3(/FN5,(95(,5?,5(5,(,/-2(252(7.9+532C(N-24-ME(A59-+(>-(8/,*(%9(52,(A/02,.0,(4-5(95(2502(>M-0(8/,(>6750>(>-(,5?,5(/g(+9(52,(+0A9-2(I(AM52,(9E(7.3(5?58795(-05(6<+>50A5(7/-3(9.(268.0,+4-5(>52(,5?,52(9+,,63.+352*

=5(7.3.>+:85(>-(2+:05C(73/735(4-.0,(.-(A/0,50-(E(9.(9/:+4-5(5,(E(9.(71+9/2/71+5(>-(9.0:.:5C ( 5,C ( 4-.0, ( E ( 9M5?73522+/0C ( E ( 9. ( ,3.>+,+/0 ( :3.88.,+A.95 ( 4-+ ( A-98+05 ( >.02 ( 9.(8/371/2H0,.?5 ( A/0,587/3.+05C ( 25 ( ,3/-<5 ( .+02+ ( 3.,,.A16 ( E ( 9. ( 268+/,+4-5C ( .9/32 ( 4-5 ( 9.(268.0,+4-5(25(,3/-<5(E(F/0(>3/+,(.22/A+65(.-(7.3.>+:85(>-(,5?,5*

5

jorgesadII
Page 6: Rastier Introduction à la  Semiotique

'0(25(:.3>.0,(>5(:6063.9+253(E(7.3,+3(>5(9.( 9+0:-+2,+4-5C(/0(>/+,(35A/00.m,35(4-5( 952(,5?,52(2/0,(>52(753D/38.0A52(268+/,+4-52(7.38+(952(79-2(A/8795?52C(5,(5?5879.+352(E(A5(,+,35*(Q.3(.+995-32C(952(,5?,52C(/3.-?(5,(6A3+,2C(2/0,(>52(D/38.,+/02(79-3+268+/,+4-52(4-+(85,,50,(50 (j-<35 ( /-,35 ( >52 ( 9.0:-52C ( >52 ( :50352 ( 5, ( >52 ( 2,H952C ( >52 ( 2H2,L852 ( :3.71+4-52 ( 5,(,H7/:3.71+4-52 ( R-0 ( 2+:05 ( >5 ( 7/0A,-.,+/0 ( 05 ( D/0A,+/005 ( 7.2 ( A/885 ( -0 ( 8/371L85YC(73/2/>+4-52C ( :52,-592 ( R-05 ( K+062+4-5 ( 52, ( ,/-N/-32 ( .22/A+65 ( E ( 9M/3.9Y* (i/-2 ( A52 ( .275A,2(352,50, (06:9+:62 (7.3 ( 9. ( 268+/,+4-5C ( A/885(7.3 ( 952 ( 9+0:-+2,+4-52 (4-+ ( 25 (A.0,/0050, (E ( 9.(8/371/2H0,.?5* ('0D+0 (5, (2-3,/-,C ( 952 ( 359.,+/02 (268.0,+4-52(4-5 ( 9M+0,53736,.,+/0 (6,.F9+, ( /-(35A/00.m, ( 50,35 ( 952 (>+DD6350,52 (7.3,+52 (>M-0 ( ,5?,5 (2/0, (>M-05 (A/8795?+,6 (5, (>M-05 (<.3+6,6(+336>-A,+F95(E(9.(A/87/2+,+/00.9+,6(9/:+4-5C(8.+2(50A/35(85,,50,(2/-<50,(2+0/0(,/-N/-32(50(N5-(>52(+0,53736,.0,2(4-+(359L<50,(>M.-,352(2H2,L852(268+/,+4-52(4-5(952(9.0:-52*

B.02 ( 95 ( >/8.+05 (>5 ( 9. ( 9+0:-+2,+4-5C ( 952 ( ,16/3+52 ( >- ( ,5?,5 ( 952 ( 79-2 (50 (<-5 ( 352,50,(3.,,.A1652(E( 9.(73/F968.,+4-5( 9/:+A/W:3.88.,+A.95(7.3(>5-?(F+.+2(73+0A+7.-?* (=5(7358+53(362-85 ( 9. ( ,5?,-.9+,6 ( E ( >52 ( 7160/8L052 ( 713.2,+4-52 ( 4-+ ( 2M6,50>50, ( 2-3 ( >52 ( 713.252(.>N.A50,52(RA/0A/3>.0A52(>5(,5872C(.0.71/352Y(4-+(2/0,(.-,.0,(>M+2/,/7+52(9/A.952*(#.9:36(95-3 ( +0,63O,C ( 952 ( 35A153A152 ( 2-3 ( 9. (8.A3/2H0,.?5 (5, ( 9. ( 268.0,+4-5 (>5 ( 9. (763+/>5 (/- (>-(7.3.:3.715(352,50,(50W>5bE(>-(,5?,5(5,(>5(9.(,5?,-.9+,6*(

_ ( A5,,5 ( 5?,502+/0 ( >5 ( 9. ( 2H0,.?5 ( 367/0> ( -05 ( .-,35 ( </+5 ( ) ( A5995 ( >5 ( 9. ( 36>-A,+/0(73/7/2+,+/005995(>-(,5?,5*("0(50(A/00.m,(95(73+0A+75C(+99-2,36(0/,.8850,(7.3(@.0(B+NK()(.73L2(-0(A/>.:5(>52(713.252(50(73/7/2+,+/02C(/0(2-773+85(952(73/7/2+,+/02(N-:652(25A/0>.+352C(7/-3(05(:.3>53(50D+0(4-M-05(73/7/2+,+/0C(>+,5('"2#-!#-!-*%1%-5C(A50265(35736250,53(95(,5?,5X*(G5 ( D/38., ( 73/7/2+,+/0059 ( 75385, ( 9. ( 36>-A,+/0 ( >- ( ,5?,5 ( E ( A5 ( 4-5 ( 75-, ( A/0A5</+3 ( 9.(73/F968.,+4-5 ( 9/:+A/W:3.88.,+A.95(I ( .-22+ ( .W,W+9 ( A/00-C ( 50 ( 72HA1/9/:+5 ( A/:0+,+<5 ( 5, ( 50(72HA1/9+0:-+2,+4-5C(-0(+885025(2-AAL2*

Q/-3 (2.(7.3,C ( 9.(268+/,+4-5(A/0,587/3.+05(05(7.3.m, (7.2(0/0(79-2(.</+3 (73/>-+, (>5(,16/3+5(>-(,5?,5(795+05850,(A/87.,+F95(.<5A(-05(73/F968.,+4-5(316,/3+4-5W1538605-,+4-5*(G53,52C(9.(73.,+4-5(>52A3+7,+<5(>52(268+/,+A+502(A/0,587/3.+02(5?AL>5(2/-<50,(952(,16/3+52(9/:+A/W:3.88.,+A.952(>/0,(+92(25(36A9.850,*(%92(/0,(A366(9.(268+/,+4-5(>+2A-32+<5C(>6<59/776(9.(0.33.,/9/:+5(7/-3(>67.2253(.+02+(95(A.>35(A/0D+06(>5(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5h*(',(A5750>.0,(95-32(,16/3+52(352,50,(:.:652(2-3( 9.(2+:0+D+A.,+/0(R73/735(.-(2+:05YC(0/0(2-3( 95(2502(R73/735(.-(,5?,5Y* ( \N598295<C ( 50 ( A1/+2+22.0, ( 9M6735-<5 ( >5 ( 9. ( A/88-,.,+/0 ( 7/-3 ( >6D+0+3 ( 952 ( -0+,62(9+0:-+2,+4-52(E(,/-2(952(7.9+532C(.(-0+D+6(9.(>6D+0+,+/0(>-(A/0,50-(2-3(95(7.3.>+:85(>-(2+:05(R9.(2+:0+D+A.,+/0(/-(>60/,.,+/0(6,.0,(>6D+0+5(A/885(3.77/3,(50,35(-05(-0+,6(>-(79.0(>-(A/0,50-(5,(9M-0+,6(A/33527/0>.0,5(>-(79.0(>5(9M5?73522+/0Y* (Q9-2(A/8795?5(50(9M527LA5C( 9.(,16/3+5(>5(`35+8.2(>+2,+0:-5( 9.(2+:0+D+A.,+/0(>-(2502C(8.+2C(7.3( ,/-,5(-05(2-+,5(>5(A/0<532+/02C( D.+,(>63+<53 ( 95(2502( ,5?,-59 (>5( 9.(2,3-A,-35(696850,.+35(>5( 9.(2+:0+D+A.,+/0C (58F968.,+4-5850,(362-865 (E (-0 ( A.336 ( F//9650 (.DD.+F9+C ( >+, ( cA.336 ( 268+/,+4-5d (f(4-+ ( ,68/+:05 (50A/35 (>5(9M/3+:+05(9/:+4-5(>-(A/0A57,(>5(2+:0+D+A.,+/0^*

=52(3.77/3,2(>5(9.(268.0,+4-5(5,(>5(9.(268+/,+4-5(352,50,(.8F+:-2[*(#.+2(A5(4-+(0/-2(+87/3,5(+A+C(AM52,(4-5(9.(268+/,+4-5(R>.02(9.(852-35(/g(5995(25(9+8+,5(.-?(2+:052Y(0M.(73/>-+,(4-5(>52(,16/3+52(>5(9.(2+:0+D+A.,+/0C(.9/32(4-5(9.(268.0,+4-5(R4-.0>(>-(8/+02(5995(,3.+,5(>52(,5?,52Y(52,(.775965(E(73/>-+35(>52(,16/3+52(>-(2502*

=5(,5?,5(D.+, (73/F9L85(7/-3( 9.(268+/,+4-5C (>.02( 9.(852-35(/g(5995 (52, ( 9M163+,+L35(>5(71+9/2/71+52( 9/:+4-52(>5( 9.(2+:0+D+A.,+/0C(4-+ (2M.,,.A150, (.<.0, ( ,/-, (E( 9.(>6D+0+,+/0(5, (E( 9.(,H7/9/:+5(>52(2+:052C(79-,l,(4-5(>52(,16/3+52(>-(2502(+22-52(>5(9.(73.,+4-5(1538605-,+4-5(RN-3+>+4-5C(359+:+5-25(5,( 9+,,63.+35(0/,.8850,Y*(=.(79-2(2+8795(8.0+L35(>M69->53(9.(4-52,+/0(

!($-(>6F-,(>52(.00652(2/+?.0,5C(&-r5,(.<.+,(8/0,36(9.(</+5(50(362-8.0,(-0(2/005,(>5(=/-+25(=.F6(E(9.(8.A3/73/7/2+,+/0(E()1F"%'(*(=.(<.95-3(A.3.A,63+2.0,5(>5(A5(:5035(>5(>52A3+7,+/0(258F95(D.+F95C(A.3(>52(8+99+532(>M.-,352(2/005,2(>5(9M67/4-5(.-3.+50,(F+50(50,50>-(A/0>-+,(.-(8O85(362-9,.,*h( J.:-L35(A/02,+,-652(50(/77/2+,+/0(E(>52(,16/3+52(9+0:-+2,+4-52(352,35+0,52(E(9.(8/371/2H0,.?5C(952(,16/3+52 (268+/,+4-52( 952 (79-2 (A/00-52(A/02+>L350,( 95 (0+<5.- ( 9+0:-+2,+4-5(A/885(-05(<.3+.F95( c(>5(2-3D.A5(d*($<5A(9M5?,502+/0(>-(A1.87(>52(6,->52(9+0:-+2,+4-52C(95(73+0A+75(>M-05(268+/,+4-5(>+2A-32+<5(.-,/0/85(>5<+50,(>5(79-2(50(79-2(>+DD+A+95(E(>6D50>35*("(=5(7.3A/-32(:6063.,+D(73/>-+,(95(*(5*(,5?,-59C(4-+(.77.3,+50,(.-?(2,3-A,-352(9+0:-+2,+4-52(c>5(2-3D.A5dC(E(7.3,+3(>5(9.(2,3-A,-35(696850,.+35(>5(9.(*%&5%B%2"1%-5C(63+:65(50(8/>L95(A/02,+,-,+/0059C(>/0A(7.3(>6D+0+,+/0(95(79-2(c73/D/0>d(4-+(2/+,C(>5(,/-,5(268+/,+4-5*(Q/-3(8.(7.3,C(N5(A/02+>L35(2+8795850,(A5,,5(2,3-A,-35(696850,.+35(A/885(-05(>52(2,3-A,-352(.,,52,652(7.38+(952(A9.2252(95?+A.952(2+87952*#( Q.3 (5?58795C ( 9. ( 268+/,+4-5 (>5 (\N598295< (. (736A6>6 (2.(268.0,+4-5 (2,3-A,-3.95 ( RSVh[Y(I (8.+2 ( 9.(268+/,+4-5(>5(`35+8.2C(736250,65(>.02 (G0)H(5*( 50(SV[sC(52,( +22-5(>5(2. (H3'"51%/0()*1#0210#".()RSV^^Y*

6

jorgesadII
jorgesadII
Page 7: Rastier Introduction à la  Semiotique

A/02+2,5(E(A/02+>6353( 95(,5?,5(A/885(-0(2+:05T*(GM52,( 9.(2/9-,+/0(4-5(A1/+2+2250,(Q5+3A5C(A/885(`35+8.2V(/-('A/Ss(I(A5,,5(524-+<5(D.+,(6<+>58850,(75-(>5(A.2(>5(9.(>+DD6350A5(>5(0+<5.-(>5(A/8795?+,6(50,35(95(2+:05(5,(95(,5?,5C(8.+2(2-3,/-,(587OA15(>5(750253(9M+0A+>50A5(>-(:9/F.9(2-3(95(9/A.9C(50(9M/AA-3350A5(>-(,5?,5(2-3(A1.A-0(>52(2+:052(4-+(95(A/87/250,*('0(35<.0A15C ( 5995 ( 2M.AA/3>5 ( 7.3D.+,5850, ( .<5A ( 95 ( 73+0A+75 ( 9/:+4-5 ( R.,,3+F-6 (E ( Z35:5Y ( >5 ( 9.(A/87/2+,+/00.9+,6()(A/885(+9(7/25(4-5(9.(2+:0+D+A.,+/0(>M-05(5?73522+/0(52,(A/87/265(>5(9.(2+:0+D+A.,+/0(>5(252(2/-2W5?73522+/02C(/0(7/-33.+,(>63+<53(95(2502(>-(,5?,5(>5(9.(2+:0+D+A.,+/0(>52(2+:052C(5,(9M/0(.00-953.+,(50(D.+,(9.(>+2,+0A,+/0(50,35(2+:0+D+A.,+/0(5,(2502*(

=. ( 73/F968.,+4-5 ( >- ( 2+:05 ( 2M/77/25 ( 7/-3,.0,C ( 2-3 ( 952 ( 79.02 ( 1+2,/3+4-5 ( 5,(67+2,68/9/:+4-5C(E(9.(73/F968.,+4-5(>-(,5?,5SS*(=5(2+:05C(7/-33.+,W/0(>+35C(AM52,(95(A/0,3.+35(>-(,5?,5*

$J@*J25=*812*=CE3643B82*72=*98F4852=

7-0#)05()!#"?3-.-&%(@)A)=M/0,/9/:+5(4-+(.(,.0,(7526(2-3(9M1+2,/+35(>5(9.(268.0,+4-5(05(2M52,W5995 ( 7.2 ( 6>+D+65 ( 2-3 ( 9M/-F9+ ( </+35 ( 95 ( >60+ ( >5 ( 9M.A,+/0(e ( =M',35 ( 7.3860+>+50C ( -0+4-5C(+>50,+4-5 (E ( 9-+W8O85C ( +88/F+95 ( 5, ( +0<.3+.F95C ( 25 (>6D+0+, ( 7.3 ( 9. ( 06:.,+/0 ( >52 ( A.3.A,L352(D/0>.850,.-?(>5 ( 9M.A,+/0* ("3 (-05 ( c(A/00.+22.0A5(d (52, (75-,WO,35 (-05 (.A,+/0 (/-F9+65* (B5(8O85(4-M-05(50AHA9/76>+5(52,(-05(.3A1+<5(>5(7.22.:52(>5(,5?,52(>6A/0,5?,-.9+262C(-05(/0,/9/:+5(7/-33.+,(O,35(>6D+0+5(A/885(-05(.3A1+<5(>M.A,+/02()(A52(cA1/252d(736,50>-52(2/0,(95(362-9,.,(>M-05(/FN5A,+<.,+/0(>/0,(/0(/-F9+5(4-M5995(362-9,5(>M-0(A/-79.:5(50,35(9M+0>+<+>-(5,(2/0(50<+3/005850,*(

G5750>.0,C ( A/885( 952 ( 5?763+50A52 (76>.:/:+4-52 ( 95 ( A/0D+3850,C ( 9M.773/73+.,+/0 (>5(A/00.+22.0A52(7.225(,/-N/-32(7.3(-05(.>.7,.,+/0(4-+(25(36.9+25(>.02(-0(A/-32(>M.A,+/0(I(952(5?53A+A52(4-+(75385,,50,(A5,,5(.773/73+.,+/0(0M.779+4-50,(7.2(9.(,16/3+5C(8.+2(9.(A/0,+50050,C(7/-3(.+02+(>+35C(cE(9M6,.,(73.,+4-5d*(]35DC(2.</+3(0M52,(3+50(>M.-,35(4-M.77350>35(.-(25+0(>M-05(73.,+4-5(2/A+.95*

G/885 ( 9. ( ,16/3+5 ( 5, ( 9. ( 73.,+4-5 ( 2/0, ( +0>+22/A+.F952C ( 9M+0,53736,.,+/0 ( 5, ( 9M.A,+/0 ( 95(7.3.+2250,(6:.95850,C(A.3(,/-,5(.A,+/0(52,(35A,+D+A.,+/0(+0,53736,.,+<5(36+,6365(>M5995W8O85*(

=M+0,53736,.,+/0(258F95(.9/32(A/02,+,-65(>52(8/850,2(A3+,+4-52(>5(9M.A,+/0C(5,(9.(,16/3+5(+0,53736,.,+<5 ( <5-, ( 736250,53 ( 9. ( 2H0,1L25 ( 3.,+/005995 ( >5 ( A52 (8/850,2 ( A3+,+4-52 ( E ( <+265(36:-9.,3+A5* (=M.-,/W35A,+D+A.,+/0 (>5( 9M.A,+/0(>.02(2/0(A/-32(2-77/25(50(5DD5, (-05(>+2,.0A5(A3+,+4-5(4-+(,3/-<5(-0(1/8/9/:-5(>.02(9.(>+8502+/0(A3+,+4-5(>5(9M1538605-,+4-5*(=52(A53A952(>5(9.(,16/3+5(5,(>5(9.(73.,+4-5C(>5(9M+0,53736,.,+/0(5,(>5(9M.A,+/0(0M/0,(.-(>585-3.0,(3+50(>5(<+A+5-?C(8.+2(,68/+:050,(2+8795850,(>5(9.(>+8502+/0(1538605-,+4-5(>5(9.(A/00.+22.0A5*(

<" ) *3'%-1%/0( ) &353#".( ) (1 ) 2-'!"#3( ) (1 ) .(* ) *2%(52(* ) 8(#'35(01%/0(*@ ) A)=52(268+/,+4-52(:9/F.952(2/0,(>52(71+9/2/71+52(RAD*(=/AK5C(Q5+3A5C($759Y(I(2.02(>/-,5(>/+<50,W59952 ( >M.+995-32 ( E ( 95-3 ( 0.,-35 ( 71+9/2/71+4-5 ( 95-3 ( A.3.A,L35 ( :9/F.9* ( '0 ( 35<.0A15C ( 952(268+/,+4-52(2A+50,+D+4-52(/0,(>52(/FN5,2(36:+/0.-?()(9.0:-52C(+8.:52C(8-2+4-5C(5,A*(

k05(268+/,+4-5(:6063.95 (05 (75-, (O,35 (4-5( D6>63.,+<5 ( I (5995 (>6D+0+, ( 95 (A1.87(/g( 9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5C(9M+A/0/9/:+5C(9.(8-2+A/9/:+5(5,(952(.-,352(2A+50A52(268+/,+4-52(73/AL>50,(E(95-32(6A1.0:52(79-3+>+2A+79+0.+352*

!+(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5(25(>6D+0+,(A/885(9.(268+/,+4-5(>52(9.0:-52C(9.(268+/,+4-5(>+2A-32+<5(25(A/0D/0>(.<5A(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5(>-(,5?,5*(G5,,5(6<+>50A5(.(6,6(9/0:,5872(/F2A-3A+5(7.3A5(4-5(>+<53252(9+0:-+2,+4-52(352,35+0,52(25(A.0,/00.+50,(.-(7.9+53(>5(9.(713.25C(5,(>696:-.+50,(9M6,->5(>5(9.(,5?,-.9+,6(E(>+<53252(>+2A+79+052C(A/885(9.(73.:8.,+4-5(A/0<532.,+/005995C(9.(7/6,+4-5(/-(9.(268+/,+4-5(>+2A-32+<5*(#.+2(-05(268+/,+4-5(>+2A-32+<5(.-,/0/85(05(253.+,(2.02(>/-,5(4-5(c9M50<532(A/879+A5d(>M-05(9+0:-+2,+4-5(352,35+0,5*("-,35(4-M+9(D.-,(35858F353(952(2A+50A52(>-(9.0:.:5C(/0(05(75-,(8.+0,50+3(-05(D3/0,+L35(>+2A+79+0.+35(50,35(95(,5?,5(5,(9.(713.25* ( Q.3 ( 5?58795C ( -05 ( +2/,/7+5 ( 52, ( +02,+,-65 ( 7.3 ( 9. ( 36A-3350A5 ( >5 ( 2L852 ( R-0+,62(

$( k0 (:3.0>(.77/3, ( >5 (\N598295<(.-3. (6,6 (>5 ( 3/8735 (.<5A( 9. (268+/,+4-5 (>-(2+:05C ( 96:-65(7.3 ( 9.(71+9/2/71+5(>-(9.0:.:5(+22-5(>5(9.(86,.71H2+4-5(.3+2,/,69+A+5005C(7/-3(9-+(2-F2,+,-53(-05(268+/,+4-5(>52(B%&0#(*(5,(>52(!#-29**V(GD*(c=5(,5?,5(25(736250,5(A/885(-0(2+:05C(>/0,(95(>+2A/-32C(.3,+A-96(50(+2/,/7+52(D+:-3.,+<52(8-9,+7952C(05(253.+,(4-5(95(2+:0+D+.0,(+0<+,.0,(E(>6A1+DD353(2/0(2+:0+D+6d(RSV[^C(7*(a^[Y*%&(GD*()(c(95(#522.:5(64-+<.-,(.-(!+:05(d(RSVTTC(7*(UaY*(GD*(.-22+()(c(95(8.A3/2+:05(4-M52,(95(I-0&()(1).()J-%#)75-,(O,35(<-(A/885(9M+0,53736,.0,(>5(9.(73/7/2+,+/0(J"!-.3-5)(*1)'-#1).()K)'"%)LMNL(d(R+F+>*Y*(SS(GD*(9M.-,5-3C(assS*

7

Page 8: Rastier Introduction à la  Semiotique

8+A3/268.0,+4-52(>-(7.9+53( +0D63+5-3(.-(268L85Y(I (5,(7/-3,.0,(5995(75-, (2M6,50>35(2-3( 9.(,/,.9+,6(>M-0(,5?,5*

Q/-3 ( 3/8735 (.<5A ( 9M-0+<532.9+285C ( +9 ( D.-, (.9/32 (6>+D+53 (-05 (268+/,+4-5 (1+2,/3+4-5 (5,(A/87.365* (Q350/02( 9M5?58795(>5( 9.(0.33.,/9/:+5() ( 9.(86,1/>/9/:+5(A/87.3.,+<5(>5(Q3/77(73/AL>5(>5(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5(1+2,/3+4-5(5,(A/87.365*('0(,50.0,(A/87,5(>52(.A4-+2(7/2,63+5-32C(A5,,5(86,1/>/9/:+5(75-, (O,35( ,3.027/265(E(>M.-,352(A/37-2C (7/-3(>6D+0+3C (E ( 9M+0,63+5-3(>52(A-9,-352(6,->+652C ( 952(8/>L952(0.33.,+D2 (73/7352 (.-?(>+<532( ,H752(>5(>+2A/-32C (</+35 (.-?(>+<532 (:50352* (=. (>+<532+D+A.,+/0 (>52 (8/>L952 (A/0>+,+/005 (-05 (85+995-35 (.779+A.,+/0 (>52(73+0A+752 ( 86,1/>/9/:+4-52 ( :6063.-? ( >5 ( 9. ( 0.33.,/9/:+5 ( 5, ( -05 ( 85+995-35 ( .>64-.,+/0(>52A3+7,+<5*

Q9-2 ( :6063.95850,C ( +9 ( 2M.:+, ( >5 ( 350>35 ( A/87,5 ( >5 ( >+<532+,62C ( 2.02 ( A/0D/0>35 ( 952(73+0A+752 ( ,16/3+4-52 ( 5, ( 86,1/>/9/:+4-52 ( -0+<532592 ( .<5A ( ,59 ( /- ( ,59 ( 8/>L95 ( ,16/3+4-5C(06A522.+35850, (7.3,+59 (4-59952(4-5(2/+50, (252(736,50,+/02(E( 9M-0+<532.9+,6* (!.02(4-/+ ( 9M/0(253.+,(A/0>-+,(E(73/N5,53(+0>+DD6358850,(2-3(,/-,(,5?,5(9.(8O85(:3+995(,16/3+4-5C(.-(3+24-5(>5(9+35(7.3,/-,(9.(8O85(A1/25*

=. ( >+<532+D+A.,+/0 ( >52 (8/>L952 ( 268.0,+4-52C ( 4-+ ( 367/0> ( .- ( A.3.A,L35 ( A-9,-359 ( >52(,5?,52C (75385, (>5 ( 350/-53 ( 952 ( 9+502 (.<5A ( 9. (71+9/9/:+5C ( +05?79+A.F95850, ( 3/87-2 (7.3 ( 952(A/-3.0,2(D/38.9+2,52C(A/885(.<5A(952(.-,352(2A+50A52(2/A+.952(R1+2,/+35C(.3A16/9/:+5C(5,A*Y(4-+(7.3,+A+750,(>5(9.(268+/,+4-5(>52(A-9,-352*

<" )!"#"$-?".( )-,O(21%C%13 )$0 )*(5** (f(=Mj-<35 (5?5879.+35 (>52 (:3.0>2 (71+9/9/:-52C(A/885(!7+,o53C($-53F.A1C(]/99.AKC(8/0,35(9.(D6A/0>+,6(>-(73/N5,(>M-0+D+53(9M1538605-,+4-5(5,(9.(71+9/9/:+5* (t,->+53 ( 952( ,5?,52 (.-(25+0(>M-05(268+/,+4-5(>52(A-9,-352 (05(A/0>-+, (7.2 (E(>+22/->35(95-3(6,->5(>.02(-05(71+9/2/71+5(>5(9.(A-9,-35C(0+(8O85(E(6,->+53(952(2,3-A,-352(A-9,-359952(>.02(95-32(8.0+D52,.,+/02(9+0:-+2,+4-52*(G/885(95(2502(>52(,5?,52(05(95-3(52,(7.2(+88.050,C ( +9 ( D.-, (7/-3 ( 9M6,.F9+3 ( ,50+3 ( A/87,5 (>5 ( 95-3 ( A.3.A,L35 (>5 ( D/38.,+/02 (A-9,-359952*(#.+0,52 ( >+2A+79+052 ( 7.3,+A+750, ( >5 ( >3/+, ( 2+0/0 ( >5 ( D.+, ( E ( A5,,5 ( 50,3573+25 ( D6>63.,3+A5() ( 9.(9+,,63.,-35 (A/87.365C ( 9. (2,H9+2,+4-5C ( 9. (7/6,+4-5C ( 9. ( 9+0:-+2,+4-5C (8.+2 (.-22+ ( 9M5,10/9/:+5 (5,(9M1+2,/+35*(

G5750>.0,C ( 9. ( 9+0:-+2,+4-5(5, ( 9M50258F95(>52 (2A+50A52(2/A+.952 (162+,50, (>57-+2 ( 95-3(D/38.,+/0 (50,35 ( 952 (8/>L952 (>52 (2A+50A52 (>5 ( 9. (0.,-35C (>52 (2A+50A52 (>5 ( 9. ( <+5 (5, (>52(2A+50A52( 9/:+A/WD/3859952* (i/-2( 952 (73/N5,2 ( 36>-A,+/00+2,52 (2M.77-+50, (2-3 (A5,,5(162+,.,+/0(>/0,(+9(+87/3,5(>5(2/3,+3(50(736A+2.0,(95(8/>5(>M5?+2,50A5(A3+,+4-5(73/735(E(9M/FN5,(A-9,-359(5,(952(D/3852(>5(2.(,587/3.9+,6*)

=.(D6>63.,+/0(>52(2A+50A52(>5(9.(A-9,-35(>58.0>5(>M.+995-32(-05(A/0A57,+/0(A/88-05(>5(9M/FN5A,+<+,6*("0(2.+,(4-5(9M5?763+50A5(0.u<5(<.3+5(2.02(A5225(.<5A(A59-+(4-+(9M673/-<5C(5,(,/-,(9M5DD/3,(>52(2A+50A52(5?763+850,.952(A/02+2,5(736A+26850,(E(69+8+053(A52(<.3+.,+/02*(=5(7/2+,+<+285(.(,50,6(>5(952(36>-+35C(8.+2(2.02(2-AAL2C(A.3(+9(50(>585-35(,/-N/-32(-0(352,5(4-5(9M/0(05(75-, (69+8+053* (#O85(>.02( 952(2A+50A52(>5( 9.(0.,-35C (50(71H2+4-5(4-.0,+4-5(7.3(5?58795C ( 9.(2+,-.,+/0(>5( 9M/F253<.,5-3( D.+, (7.3,+5(>5( 9.(2+,-.,+/0(5?763+850,.95*(Z53>+0.0>(`/025,1 (7-+2 (`+9952 (G/150Wi.00/->N+ ( /0, ( 5879/H6 (E ( A5 (73/7/2 ( 9M+8.:5 ( >5 ( 9M1/3+o/0() ( +9(.77.3,+50,(E(0/,35(A1.87(>5(<+2+/0C(4-M+9(7.3.m,(F/3053*(=5(3659(/FN5A,+D(0M50(5?+2,5(7.2(8/+02(A/885(50258F95(>5(A/0N5A,-352()(>.02(-0(9.0:.:5(-0+,.+35C(+9(352,5(A5(2-3(4-/+(0/-2(,3.b/02(0/,35(1/3+o/0(I(5,(>.02(-0(9.0:.:5(+0D+0+,.+35C(+9(52,(D.+,(>5(,/-2(952(1/3+o/02(7/22+F952*(G5,,5(2+,-.,+/0(352,5(95(9/,(A/88-0(>5(,/-,52(952(2A+50A52C(95-3(8+0+8-8(1538605-,+4-5*(#.+2(2+(>.02 ( 952 ( 2A+50A52 ( >5 ( 9. ( 0.,-35C ( >- ( 8/+02 ( 952 ( 2A+50A52 ( 71H2+4-52C ( 9. ( 2+,-.,+/0 ( >5(9M/F253<.,5-3(52,(>6,538+065(7.3(>52(A//3>/00652(59952W8O852(71H2+4-52C(35763.F952(>.02(9M527.A5W,5872C (>.02( 952(2A+50A52(2/A+.952( 9M527.A5(52, (86>+.,+26(7.3( 9.(A-9,-35C (>/0, ( 9.(9.0:-5C(5,(95(,5872(71H2+4-5(7.3(9M1+2,/+35(5,(9.(,3.>+,+/0*(=.(2+,-.,+/0(27.,+/W,587/35995(>5(9M/F253<.,5-3 (52, (.+02+ ( 35>/-F965(7.3 ( 9. (2+,-.,+/0 (1+2,/3+A/WA-9,-35995 (>5( 9M+0,5373L,5* ("3 ( 95(9+0:-+2,5 ( 0M52, ( 7.2 ( 25-95850, ( -0 ( /F253<.,5-3C ( 8.+2 ( .-22+ ( -0 ( +0,5373L,5* ( =. ( A3+,+4-5(71+9/9/:+4-5(N/-5(50(4-594-5(2/3,5(95(3l95(>5(9.(86,1/>5(5?763+850,.95C(0/0(7/-3(69+8+053(+99-2/+35850, ( ,/-,5 ( 2-FN5A,+<+,6C (8.+2 ( 7/-3 ( 1+63.3A1+253 ( 952 ( 2-FN5A,+<+,62* ( =M/FN5A,+<+,6 ( >52(2A+50A52(>5( 9.(A-9,-35(25(A/02,+,-5(.+02+ (>.02( 9.(35A/00.+22.0A5(A3+,+4-5(>5( 95-3(7.3, (>5(2-FN5A,+<+,6*

'0 ( >+2.0, ( 4-5 ( 95 ( 2502 ( >- ( ,5?,5 ( 52, ( +88.050,C ( 0/0 ( .- ( ,5?,5C (8.+2 ( E ( 9. ( 73.,+4-5(>M+0,53736,.,+/0C ( 0/-2 ( 35A/00.+22/02 ( 4-5 ( A1.4-5 ( 95A,-35C ( c2.<.0,5d ( /- ( 0/0C ( ,3.A5 ( -0(7.3A/-32 ( +0,53736,.,+D ( 4-+ ( A/33527/0> ( E ( 9M1/3+o/0 ( >- ( 95A,5-3* ( =. ( 268.0,+4-5 ( >52 ( ,5?,52(73/7/25(-05(>52A3+7,+/0(>52(7.3A/-32(+0,53736,.,+D2()(95(2502(.A,-59(>-(,5?,5(0M52,(4-M-05(>5(

8

Page 9: Rastier Introduction à la  Semiotique

252 ( .A,-.9+2.,+/02 ( 7/22+F952(I ( 95 ( 2502 ( c(A/8795,(d ( 253.+, ( A/02,+,-6 ( >5 ( 9M50258F95 ( >52(.A,-.9+2.,+/02C(50(>M.-,352(,53852(>5(9M50258F95(>52(1/3+o/02(7/22+F952*(

G/885(9.(0/,+/0(8O85(>5(2502(A/8795,(352,5(+99-2/+35C(-05(>52A3+7,+/0(9+0:-+2,+4-5(05(73/7/25(7.2(-05(95A,-35(c2A+50,+D+4-5d(4-+(25(2-F2,+,-53.+,(.-?(.-,352C(8.+2(-05(+>50,+D+A.,+/0(>52 ( A/0,3.+0,52 ( 9+0:-+2,+4-52 ( 2-3 ( 952 ( 7.3A/-32 ( +0,53736,.,+D2* ( =5 ( 2502 ( >M-0 ( ,5?,5 ( 0M52,(A9l,-3.F95(4-5(7.3(9M.33O,(>5(252(95A,-352C(4-+(.77.3,+50050,(.9/32(.-(7.226*(#.+2(-0(9+<35(D5386(0M.(79-2(>5(2502(I(50(35<.0A15C(952(,5?,52(4-+(2/0,(359-2(:.3>50,(-0(2502(/-<53,C(7.3(95-3 ( ,3.>+,+/0 ( +0,53736,.,+<5C (263+5 (0/0 (A9/25 (>5 ( 366A3+,-352C (4-+ (2/0, (.-,.0, (>5 (0/-<59952(95A,-352()(59952(>6750>50,(>5(9.(73.,+4-5(/g(59952(7350050,(79.A5C(/F6+22.0,(E(>52(/FN5A,+D2(6,1+4-52C(52,16,+4-52C(/-(A/:0+,+D2*(G5750>.0,C(95(79.+2+3C(95(>5</+3C(5,(9.(</9/0,6(>5(2.</+3(352,50,(+0.22/-<+2*(!-3(A5(7/+0,(A3-A+.9C(-05(268.0,+4-5(>52(,5?,52(75-,(>+2,+0:-53(50,35(952(2,3-A,-352(A9/252C(4-+(67-+250,(9.(95A,-35C(5,(952(2,3-A,-352(/-<53,52C(4-+(75385,,50,(.-(95A,5-3(>5(,3.02D/3853(9M64-+</4-5(50(+0D+0+*

B+2A53053(9.(276A+D+A+,6(>52(2A+50A52(>5(9.(A-9,-35(75385,(50D+0(>5(>67.2253(9.(D.-225(>+2,+0A,+/0(50,35(c(2A+50A52(1-8.+052(d(5,(c(2A+50A52(2/A+.952(dC ( 9/+0,.+0(6A1/(75-,WO,35(>5(A/8F.,2 ( 2-3.0062 ( 50,35 ( 9M1-8.0+285 ( 5, ( 95 (8.3?+285* ( =5-3 ( 3+A15225 ( 362+>5 ( >.02 ( >5-?(>+<532+,62() ( A5995 ( >52 ( A-9,-352C ( 4-+ ( 952 ( D.+, ( 25 (8/-</+3 ( >.02 (>52 ( ,5872 ( 5, ( >52 (527.A52(>+DD6350A+62(I(5,C(7/-3(A1.4-5(/FN5,(A-9,-359C(9.(8-9,+79+A+,6(>52(7.3.8L,352(0/0(3573/>-A,+F952C(4-+(587OA150,(,/-,5(5?763+850,.,+/0(.-(2502(2,3+A,(5,(6A.3,50,(>-(8O85(A/-7(95(8/>L95(>52(2A+50A52(>5(9.(0.,-35*(#O85(73/8-2(.-(3.0:(>M/F253<.F952C(952(D.+,2(1-8.+02(5,(2/A+.-?(352,50,(95(73/>-+,(>5(A/02,3-A,+/02(+0,53736,.,+<52*(

=52 ( 2A+50A52 (>5 ( 9. ( A-9,-35 ( 2/0, ( 952 ( 25-952 (E ( 7/-</+3 ( 350>35 ( A/87,5 (>- (A.3.A,L35(268+/,+4-5 ( >5 ( 9M-0+<532 ( 1-8.+0* ( Q/-3 ( A/00.m,35 ( 9M1-8.+0 ( 7.3 ( 9M1/885C ( 59952 ( >/+<50,(35A/00.m,35(9.(7.3,(4-M+9(7350>(>.02(A5,,5(A/00.+22.0A5C(0/0(25-95850,(A/885(>52,+0.,.+35(A3+,+4-5(>5(c(362-9,.,2(dC(8.+2(A/885(.A,5-3(>/-6(>M.DD5A,2(5,(>5(3527/02.F+9+,6*

7#-O(1 ) "518#-!-.-&%/0( ) (1 ) 2"#"213#%*"1%-5@ )A)B.02 ( -0 ( 6A3+, ( >5 ( N5-05225C (\-8F/9>,(,3.b.+,(A5(73/:3.885()(c(+9(D.-,(6,->+53(95(A.3.A,L35(>52(25?52C(v:52C(,58763.850,2C(0.,+/02C(5,A*C(.<5A(.-,.0,(>5(2/+0(4-5(952(2A+50A52(0.,-359952(6,->+50,(952(3.A52(5,(<.3+6,62(>-(8/0>5(.0+8.9*(;-/+4-M+9 (05(2M.:+225(E(73/735850,(7.3953(4-5(>5(2.</+3(A/8F+50(>+<532(9M1/885(75-,(O,35C(+9(D.-,(D.+35(A/885(2M+9(2M.:+22.+,(>5(>6,538+053(A/8F+50(>+<532(52,(50(D.+,(9M1/885(+0>+<+>-59(dSa*(=5(73/:3.885(.0,13/7/9/:+4-5(>5(\-8F/9>,(A/00-,(,3/+2(6,.752(2-AA522+<52()(A.3.A,63+253 ( 9. ( >+DD6350A5 ( 25?-5995C ( 7-+2 ( 9. ( >+DD6350A5 ( 0.,+/0.95C ( 50D+0 ( 9. ( >+DD6350A5(9+0:-+2,+4-5C(A5(4-+(95(A/0>-+,(E(25(A/02.A353C(>5(STSV(E(2.(8/3,C(E(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5(A/87.365*(!+(952(9.0:-52(25(A/87,50,(7.3(8+99+532(RSs*sss(50<+3/0(E(A5,,5(67/4-5YC(95-3(>+<532+,6(05(2M.33O,5(7.2(9EC(5,(\-8F/9>,(952(50<+2.:5(>.02(95-3(>+<532+,6(+0,5305C(N-24-ME(,3.+,53(>5(95-32(-2.:52(+0>+<+>-592*($+02+(2/0(73/:3.885(.0,13/7/9/:+4-5(2M6,50>(>5(9M1-8.0+,6(E(9M+0>+<+>-(5,(.F/-,+,(E(35A/00.m,35(.-,.0,(>5(9.0:-52(4-5(>M1/8852*

k05(.0,13/7/9/:+5(>5(9.(>+<532+,6(0M.<.+,(N-24-5(9E(6,6(6F.-A165(4-5(A15o(#/0,.+:05C(2/-2 ( -05 ( D/385 ( >M.+995-32 ( 3.>+A.95 (8.+2 ( 2.02 ( 736,50,+/0 ( 2A+50,+D+4-5() ( 5995 ( ,3/-<5 ( A15o(\-8F/9>,(252(D/0>5850,2(67+2,68/9/:+4-52(5,(0/0(79-2(25-95850,(6,1+4-52*($9/32(4-5(9.(71+9/2/71+5(>-(9.0:.:5(52,(-0+<532.9+2.0,5C(9.(A.3.A,63+2.,+/0(>52(9.0:-52(2-77/25(4-5(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5(>6A3+<5(95-32(2+0:-9.3+,62(2.02(25(A.0,/0053(E(>52(3L:952(:6063.952C(</+35(4-M5995(35A/00.+225(>.02(952(9/+2(9+0:-+2,+4-52(-05(:6063.9+2.,+/0(>5(7160/8L052(2+0:-9+532(5,(0/0(3676,.F952C ( E ( 9. ( >+DD6350A5 ( >52 ( 7160/8L052 ( 71H2+4-52* ( '0 ( A5 ( 2502C ( 95 ( 73/A522-2 ( >5(A.3.A,63+2.,+/0(52,(>6D+0+,/+35(>52(2A+50A52(>5(9.(A-9,-35*(G/3369.,+<5850,C(9M-0+A+,6(>5(9M/FN5,C(4-+(A-98+05(>.02(9Mj-<35(>M.3,(0/0(3573/>-A,+F95C(75-,(>5<50+3(9.(A.3.A,63+2,+4-5(>5(9M/FN5,(A-9,-359*('0D+0C(9.(A.3.A,63+2.,+/0(52,(-0(73/A522-2(73/:3522+D(+0>6D+0+()(5995(75-,(2M6,50>35(.-?(7.3,+52(>5(9M/FN5,C(5,(A/0>-+35(7.3(5?58795(>.02(9M6,->5(>M-0(,5?,5(E(8/0,353(7/-34-/+(,59(8/,(>.02(,59(A/0,5?,5(52,(-0(1.7.?*

=. ( 7/3,65 ( >M-05 ( ,5995 ( 67+2,68/9/:+5 ( >5 ( 9. ( >+<532+,6 ( 7.3.m, ( A/02+>63.F95* ( G/8850,(,3.02D/3853(50(7/+0,(>5(<-5(>5(9.(>+<532+,6(952(7/2,-9.,2(,3.>+,+/005995850,(-0+<532.9+2,52(>5(9.( ,16/3+5(>5( 9.(A/00.+22.0A5(A/885(>5( 9M67+2,68/9/:+5SU(e(P-24-ME( 9.(A/02,+,-,+/0(>5( 9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5 (:6063.95C ( 9. (>+<532+,6 (>52 ( 9.0:-52 (05 ( D.+2.+, ( 7.2 ( 9M/FN5, (>M-0 (73/:3.885(>5(A/87.3.+2/0C ( A.3 ( /0 ( 25 ( A/0,50,.+, ( >5 ( 9. ( 3.85053 ( E ( >52 ( 73+0A+752 ( 3.,+/00592 ( A/88-02(

%'(7."5)$F05()"518#-!-.-&%()2-'!"#3(C(PHC(%C(7*(UVs*%((B57-+2(9.(35>6A/-<53,5(.-(w%%%

5(2+LA95(>52(H(2-5$*)"5".+1%/0(*C(9.(,1L25(.3+2,/,69+A+5005(4-M+9(0MH(.(>5(

2A+50A5(4-5(>-(:6063.9(.(6,6(+0,53736,65(A/885(-0(73+0A+75(>M-0+<532.9+,6*(

9

Page 10: Rastier Introduction à la  Semiotique

5?73+862(7.3(>52(:3.88.+352(:6063.952(736,50>.0,(E( 9M-0+<53259SX*('995(0M52,(>5<50-5(-0(73/F9L85(2A+50,+D+4-5(4-ME(7.3,+3 (>-(8/850,(/g( 9M/0(.(7-(2/3,+3 (>5( 9M-0+<53259C (5, (/g( 95-3(A/0,+0:50A5(.(7-(>5<50+3(2+:0+D+A.,+<5*(

=.(852-35(>5(9.(>+<532+,6(>52(A-9,-352(.(2-+<+(95(8O85(A158+0(4-5(9.(753A57,+/0(>5(9.(>+<532+,6(>52(9.0:-52*(B5(D.+,C(9.(>6A/-<53,5C(A52(>5-?(>530+L352(>6A500+52C(>5(c(A-9,-352(d(.0+8.952C (0/,.8850, (A15o( 952(73+8.,52C (2-::L35(4-5( 9M+00/<.,+/0(5, (2.( ,3.028+22+/0(05(2-DD+250,(7.2(E(>6D+0+3(9.(276A+D+A+,6(>52(A-9,-352(1-8.+052(I(9.(>+<532+D+A.,+/0(>52(73.,+4-52(,5A10+4-52 ( 5, ( 268+/,+4-52 ( 952 ( >+2,+0:-5 ( >52 ( c(A-9,-352(d ( .0+8.952C ( A5 ( 4-+ ( 63+:5 ( 9.(A.3.A,63+2.,+/0 ( 73/:3522+<5 ( .- ( 3.0: ( >5 ( 73/:3.885 ( -0+D+A.,5-3 ( 7/-3 ( 952 ( 2A+50A52 ( >5 ( 9.(A-9,-35*

=M50N5-(+0,5995A,-59(52,(>5(7350>35(7/-3(/FN5,(9.(>+<532+,6(A-9,-35995*(G/885(A15o(x.0,(9.(&.+2/0(25(>6<59/775(795+05850,(>.02(9M527LA5(5,(0/0(>.02(9M+0>+<+>-C(952(>+DD6350A52(2/0,(,/-, ( 2+8795850, ( +052250,+59952 (>- (7/+0, (>5 ( <-5 (>5 ( 9. (&.+2/0C (>M/g ( 9M-0+<532.9+285 (5, ( 95(A/28/7/9+,+285(4-+(50(>6A/-950,Sh*(#.+2(95(A/0A57,(>5(A/28/7/9+,+285(>/+,(O,35(3669.F/36(7/-3(9+8+,53(9M-0+<532.9+285(4-+(9-+(.(7/-3,.0,(>/006(A.33+L35*(=.(753275A,+<5(268+/,+4-5(75-,(50(5DD5,(2M6A.3,53(>5(9.(71+9/2/71+5(,3.02A50>.0,.95(50(c(35879.b.0,(dC(.-(,+,35(>52(A/0>+,+/02(>6,538+0.0,52C(9.(&.+2/0(7.3(952(A-9,-352C(5,(50(352,+,-.0,(E(9.(>52A3+7,+/0(>52(/FN5,2(A-9,-3592(95(A.3.A,L35(A3+,+4-5(4-5(9.(71+9/2/71+5(K.0,+5005(.<.+,(5873-0,6(E(9.(71+9/9/:+5*(!+(9.(&.+2/0(75-,(O,35(7-35C(-05(A-9,-35(05(9M52,(N.8.+2C(A.3(5995(52,(95(73/>-+,(>5(2/0(1+2,/+35*(G/87.353(952(A-9,-352(5,( 952( 9.0:-52C (AM52, (7.2253 (>5( 9M-0+<53259 (.-(:6063.9C (AM52, (.-22+ (7.2253(>5(9M+>50,+,6(7/2,-965(E(9M64-+<.950A5(A/04-+25C(>-(>3/+,(.-(D.+,C(>5(9M-0+<53259(.-(8/0>+.9*

G/885(5995(7/-32-+,(-0(/FN5A,+D(>5(A.3.A,63+2.,+/0C(-05(268+/,+4-5(>52(A-9,-352(25(>/+,(>/0A(>MO,35(>+DD6350,+5995(5,(A/87.365C(A.3(-05(A-9,-35(05(75-,(O,35(A/873+25(4-5(>M-0(7/+0,(>5(<-5(A/28/7/9+,+4-5(/-(+0,53A-9,-359()(7/-3(A1.A-05C(AM52,(9M50258F95(>52(.-,352(A-9,-352(A/0,587/3.+052(5,(7.22652(4-+(N/-5(95(3l95(>5(A/37-2*('0(5DD5,C(-05(A-9,-35(0M52,(7.2(-05(,/,.9+,6()(5995(25(D/385C(6</9-5(5,(>+27.3.m,(>.02(952(6A1.0:52(5,(952(A/0D9+,2(.<5A(952(.-,352*(=.(9+0:-+2,+4-5(1+2,/3+4-5(5,(A/87.365(.(.A4-+2(2-3(A5(7/+0,(-05(5?763+50A5(E(69.F/353(5,(E(,3.0285,,35*(=M50N5-(52,(+87/3,.0,()(A/8850,(35A/02,3-+35(95(A/0A57,(>M1-8.0+,6(1/32(>5(9.(,16/9/:+5(>/:8.,+4-5(5,(>5(9.(F+/9/:+5(4-+(3+<.9+250,(>5(>6,538+0+285(e(G/8850,(A/0A5</+3(9M1-8.0+,6(E(7.3,+3(>52(1-8.0+,62(f(50(A/87350.0,(7.3(9EC(.-22+C(952(2A+50A52(2/A+.952(e

Q3$%"1%-5*@(f(=.(79.A5(>-(8/0>5(268+/,+4-5C(50(7/2+,+/0(86>+.,3+A5(A15o( 9M1/885(50,35 ( 95 ( 8/0>5 ( 71H2+4-5 ( 5, ( 95 ( 8/0>5 ( >52 ( R35Y736250,.,+/02C ( >6,538+05 ( 9. ( D/0A,+/0(67+2,68/9/:+4-5(>5(9.(268+/,+4-5(5995W8O85*(J/-2(.</02(73+2(95(7.3,+(>M-05(268+/,+4-5(>52(A-9,-352C ( 5, ( 0/0 ( A59-+ ( >52 ( 268+/,+4-52 ( -0+<53259952 ( /- (1#"5**3'%-1%/0(*C ( 2/3,52 ( >5(71+9/2/71+52(>-(2502(/-F9+5-252(>5(95-3(>+8502+/0(36D95?+<5*

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

G5750>.0,C(36>-+2.0,(952(A-9,-352(E(>52(2-7532,3-A,-352(2/885(,/-,5(+052250,+59952C(5,(50( ,/-, (A.2(0/0(>6,538+0.0,52C ( 95(8.3?+285(>/:8.,+4-5(.(A153A16(E( 36:+3 ( 952(2A+50A52(2/A+.952C(8.+2(0M.(3+50(D.+,(7/-3(952(-0+D+53C(8O85(2M+9(95-3(.(D/-30+(-05(+8763.,+<5(36D6350A5(c(8.,63+.9+2,5(d*(

%!( =52(:3.88.+352(-0+<53259952(4-+(/0,( 3+<.9+26(.-(A/-32(>-(ww5( 2+LA95(/0,(A/0,+0-6( 95(73/:3.885(

86>+6<.9(5,(A9.22+4-5(RAD*(G1/82KH(25(35<50>+4-.0,(>5(Q/3,W&/H.9Y()(>5(D.+,C(A.3.A,63+253(9.(>+<532+,6(>52(9.0:-52(0M52,(7.2(>5(95-3(3522/3,*('0(736250,.0,(95(73/:3.885(8+0+8.9+2,5(A1/82K+50C(Q/99/AK(6A3+,C(7.3(5?58795()(c(952(9.0:-52(0.,+/0.952(A/885(95(D3.0b.+2C(95(A1+0/+2(5,(9M+,.9+50(05(2/0,(>/0A(7.2(>+35A,5850,(>-(3522/3,(>5(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5()(50(5DD5,C(A5(05(2/0,(7.2(>52(36.9+,62(72HA1/9/:+4-52(n(05-3/71H2+/9/:+4-52(+0>+<+>-59952C (8.+2 (>52 (50,+,62(1+2,/3+4-52C (7/9+,+4-52(5, ( 2/A+/9/:+4-52C (A/885( 952(0.,+/02(4-+ ( 95-3(A/33527/0>50,(7.3D/+2(d(RSVV[C(7*SSY*%)(GD* (S$3()$F05()8%*1-%#()05%C(#*(..()$F05)!-%51)$()C0()2-*'-!-.%1%/0(C(S[TX*(y,3*(D3*(=*(Z533HC (T0C#(*C(]+F9+/,1L4-5(>5(9.(Q96+.>5C(,*(%%z* S^(GD*(SVVS(ySVU^WSVUVz*!"(G.22+353(,3.027/25(+879+A+,5850,(50(20.10#(( 9M(*!#%1(259/0(B+9,15H*(=.(36D95?+/0(H(:.:05C(A.3(95(,5385(D/3:6 (7.3 (B+9,15H( ,68/+:0.+, ( >M-0 (27+3+,-.9+285( +0>+<+>-.9+2.0, ( 4-+ ( 05 (7/-<.+, ( <63+,.F95850, ( .+>53 (E(D6>6353(-0(A1.87(2A+50,+D+4-5*#

10

Page 11: Rastier Introduction à la  Semiotique

'0,35 ( 9. ( D.-225 (-0+,6 ( >+9,15H+5005 (5, ( 9M+02,3-850,.9+2.,+/0 (8.3?+2,5C ( -05 ( A/0A57,+/0(A3+,+4-5(352,5(E(69.F/353*(=.(268+/,+4-5(75-,(2.02(>/-,5(H(A/0,3+F-53C(8.+2(9.(268+/,+4-5(>52(A-9,-352(A/0,587/3.+05(52,W5995(50(852-35(>5(95(D.+35(e(=M5?73522+/0(*3'%-1%/0()$(*)20.10#(*)350</+5W,W5995(E(-05(25-95(2A+50A5(/-(E(79-2+5-32(e(B.02(9.(7358+L35(1H7/,1L25C(/0(750A153.(<532(-05(.0,13/7/9/:+5(71+9/2/71+4-5C(A5995(7.3(5?58795(>5(G.22+353(>.02(2/0 (4**"%)*0#).F8-''(()(-0(,59(A1.87(>5(36D95?+/0C(D/3,(06A522.+35C(05(>/+,(6<+>58850,(25(736,50>35(-05(2A+50A5*(B.02(95(25A/0>(A.2C(/0(A153A153.(E(352,+,-53(9M-0+,6(>52(2A+50A52(1-8.+052C(5,(9.(36D95?+/0(2-3(.((268+/,+4-5(50(,.0,(4-5(>/8.+05(2A+50,+D+4-5C(79-,l,(4-5(2-3(."(268+/,+4-5(50(,.0, (4-5(2A+50A5* ('0(5DD5,C ( 9M/80+736250A5(>52(2+:052(350>(7/-3 (.+02+ (>+35( +87/22+F95( 9.(A/02,+,-,+/0(>5(9.(268+/,+4-5(A/885(>+2A+79+05*(k05(268+/,+4-5(>52(A-9,-352C(0/,.8850,C(05(253.+,W5995(7.2(-05(2A+50A5(>52(2A+50A52(e(=.(268+/,+4-5(>52(A-9,-352(0M52,(7.2(E(<3.+(>+35(-05(>+2A+79+05C (8.+2( 95(73/N5, (8O85(>5( 35>6D+0+3 ( 9.(276A+D+A+,6(>52(2A+50A52(1-8.+052(5,(2/A+.952() ( 952(A-9,-352 (58F3.2250, ( 9. ( ,/,.9+,6 (>52 ( D.+,2 (1-8.+02C ( N-24-ME( 9. ( D/38.,+/0 (>52(2-N5,2*('9952(352,50,(A5750>.0,(>+DD+A+952(E(A/0A5</+3C(D.-,5(736A+26850,(>M-0(7/+0,(>5(<-5(268+/,+4-5(2-3(9.(A-9,-35*('0(>M.-,352(,53852C(AM52,(9.(35A/00.+22.0A5(>5(9.(276A+D+A+,6(5,(>5(9M.-,/0/8+5(359.,+<5(>-(8/0>5(268+/,+4-5(4-+(75385,(>5(>69+8+,53(95(A1.87(>52(2A+50A52(>5(9.(A-9,-35C(5,(>M50(D+0+3(.<5A(95(>-.9+285(,3.>+,+/0059(4-+(A/88.0>5(9.(>+<+2+/0(73/7/265(7.3(B+9,15H*

=5(73/N5,(2.-22-3+50(>M-05(268+/9/:+5(0.m,(>5(9.(</9/0,6(>5(>6D+0+3(9M/3>35(2A+50,+D+4-5(.-4-59(.77.3,+50,(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5()(c("0(.(>+2A-,6(7/-3(2.</+3(2+(9.(9+0:-+2,+4-5(.77.3,50.+,(E(9M/3>35(>52(2A+50A52(0.,-359952(/-(>52(2A+50A52(1+2,/3+4-52*('995(0M.77.3,+50,(E(.-A-0(>52(>5-?C(8.+2(E(-0(A/87.3,+850,(>52(2A+50A52(4-+C(2M+9(0M5?+2,5(7.2C(>5<3.+,(5?+2,53(2/-2(95(8/,(>5(*3'%-.-&%((y{z(95(2H2,L85(268+/9/:+4-5(p9.0:-5M(52,(95(25-9(y{z(4-+(.+,(5-(E(.DD3/0,53(A5,,5(6735-<5(>5(25(,3/-<53(50(736250A5(>-(U('!*C(4-+(05(25(2/+,(7.2(2+8795850,(D/0>6(>5(</+2+0(E(</+2+0(7.3(8-,-59(A/0250,5850,C(8.+2(.-22+(>5(7L35(50(D+92(7.3(+8763.,+<5(,3.>+,+/0C(5,(.-(1.2.3>(>5(A5(4-+(.33+<53.+,(50(A5,,5(,3.>+,+/0C(A1/25(1/32(>5(A59.(+05?763+850,65C(0/0(A/00-5(0+(>6A3+,5(d(RSV[XC(%%C(7*(X[Y*

!M+9(52,(A9.+3(+A+(4-5(9.(268+/,+4-5(52,(A/0b-5(A/885(-0(A/87.3,+850,(>52(2A+50A52(5,(0/0(A/885(-05(>+2A+79+05(>5(79-2C(9.(0/,+/0(>5(i5872(,3.>+,+/0059C(>+2,+0:-6(>5(D.+,(>-(,5872(1+2,/3+4-5C(863+,5(-05(:3.0>5(.,,50,+/0*(=52(753D/38.0A52(268+/,+4-52(25(>679/+50,(>.02(95(,5872(>5(9.(,3.>+,+/0C(D/385(>5(,587/3.9+,6(73/735(.-?(/FN5,2(A-9,-3592(4-+(05(25(A/0D/0>(0+(.<5A(95(,5872(71H2+4-5(0+(.<5A(95(,5872(>5(9M1+2,/+35*(!+(952(2A+50A52(0.,-359952(25(2.,+2D/0,(>-(,5872(>.3r+0+50(>5(9M6</9-,+/0C( 952(2A+50A52(>5(9.(A-9,-35(25(85-<50,(>.02(-0(,5872(9.8.3K+50C(D.+,(>5(,3.>+,+/02(5,(>5(3-7,-352*(G5(,5872(,3.>+,+/0059(0M/F6+,(7.2(.-?(86,3+4-52(>- ( ,5872 ( 1+2,/3+4-5() ( 0+ ( 36:-9+53C ( 0+ ( A/005?5C ( 0+ ( >6,538+0+2,5C ( +9 ( 9.+225 ( /-<53,52 ( >52(36,3/275A,+/02C (>52(.0,+A+7.,+/02C ( +9 (85,(50(A/0,.A,( 952(A/0,587/3.+02(5,( 952(.0A+502C ( 952(73/A152 ( 5, ( 952 ( 6,3.0:532* ( =M1538605-,+4-5 ( 5, ( 9. ( 71+9/9/:+5 ( 0/-2 ( 75385,,50, ( 50258F95(>M.773/A153(A5(,5872(+0,5305(>-(8/0>5(268+/,+4-5*(

=52(D/38-9.,+/02(>-(73/N5,(>5( 9.(268+/,+4-5(>52(A-9,-352(2/0,(352,652(67.3252(A15o(>+<532(.-,5-32(5,(5995(05(2M52,(7.2(A/02,+,-65(50(>+2A+79+05(.-,/0/85*('0(5DD5,C(5995(:.3>5(-05(</A.,+/0 ( 67+2,68/9/:+4-5() ( D6>6353 ( 952 ( 2A+50A52 ( >5 ( 9. ( A-9,-35 ( .-,/-3 ( >52 ( A/0A57,2 ( >5(9.0:.:5(5,(>M+0,53736,.,+/0C(>679.A53(9M/77/2+,+/0(86,.71H2+4-5(50,35(95(2-N5,(5,(9M/FN5,(50(-05(>+2,+0A,+/0(359.,+<5(50,35(9M+0,53736,.,+/0(5,(95(2+:05(R95(2+:05(52,(-05(+0,53736,.,+/0(/FN5A,+<65(5,(2,.F+9+265(>.02(2/0(736,5?,5(2+:0+D+.0,YC(352,+,-53(9.(A/8795?+,6(3.>+A.95(>52(,5?,52(5,(.-,352(753D/38.0A52(268+/,+4-52C(2.02(A153A153(E(952(-0+D+53(>.02(-05(,/,.9+,6*(G/885(-05(,/,.9+,6(25(>6D+0+, (7.3( 9M-0+,6 (E(2/+C (5995(0M.(7.2(>5(2502C (7-+24-5( 95(2502(52, ( D.+, (>5(>+DD6350A52(+336>-A,+F952 ( 35A/00-52 ( 5, ( 4-.9+D+652 ( 7.3 ( 952 ( 7.3A/-32 ( +0,53736,.,+D2() ( 9. ( 268+/,+4-5 ( >52(A-9,-352 (25 ( ,3/-<5(>/0A(>5<.0, ( 9. (06A522+,6 (A/02,+,-,+<5 (>5( 3/8735(.<5A( 952 (/0,/9/:+52C(+06<+,.F95850,(0/38.,+<52C(,.0,(A59952(>52(2A+50A52(>5(9.(0.,-35(4-5(A59952(>52(2A+50A52(9/:+A/WD/3859952*

'995(2M/-<35(.9/32(>M-05(7.3,(2-3(9M6,1/9/:+5(>52(2/A+6,62(1-8.+052C(>5(9M.-,35(2-3(-05(71+9/2/71+5(>52(D/3852(2H8F/9+4-52*(Z.A5(.-?(73/:3.8852(36>-A,+/00+2,52(4-+(850.A50,(9M50258F95(>52(2A+50A52(>5(9.(A-9,-35C(2/0(>6<59/775850,(352,5(-0(50N5-(7/-3(952(.00652(E(<50+3*('0(5DD5,C(9.(268+/,+4-5(>52(A-9,-352(258F95(9.(25-95(753275A,+<5(:9/F.95(50(852-35(>5(2M/77/253 ( .- ( A/87-,.,+/00.9+285 ( 4-+ ( . ( D.-226 ( 9. ( 73/F968.,+4-5 ( 5, ( 952 ( 362-9,.,2 ( >52(35A153A152(A/:0+,+<52*(BM.-,35(7.3,C(A/87350>35(9.(86>+.,+/0(268+/,+4-5(352,5(+0>+27502.F95(7/-3(>6A3+35(952(D.A,5-32(A-9,-3592(>.02(9.(A/:0+,+/0C(N-24-M+A+(:3.<5850,(2/-2W52,+862(7.3(952(35A153A152 ( A/:0+,+<52* ( Q/-3 ( A-9,-3.9+253 ( 952 ( 2A+50A52 ( A/:0+,+<52C ( +9 ( D.->3.+, ( 50 ( /-,35(35A/00.m,35 ( 95 ( A.3.A,L35 (A-9,-35995850, ( 2+,-6 (>5 ( ,/-,5 (.A,+<+,6 ( >5 (A/00.+22.0A5C ( 9M.A,+<+,6(2A+50,+D+4-5(A/873+25*(

11

Page 12: Rastier Introduction à la  Semiotique

=5(A-9,-359(2M+>50,+D+5(+A+(E(9M1-8.+0C(A.3(9.(86>+.,+/0(268+/,+4-5C(A.3.A,63+2,+4-5(>5(9.(A/:0+,+/0(1-8.+05C(9.(>6D+0+,(2.02(>/-,5(A/885(,5995*($+02+(2M/-<35(9M527.A5(>M-05(36D95?+/0(2-3 ( 9. (:50L25 (>52 ( A-9,-352C ( 9+65 (6<+>58850, ( E ( 9. (71H9/:50L25C (8.+2 (6A1.77.0, ( E (>52(>52A3+7,+/02(>5(,H75(06/W>.3r+0+50*(=.(>+2,+0A,+/0(>52(D/3852(2H8F/9+4-52C(9.(>+<532+D+A.,+/0(>52(9.0:-52C(A5995(>52(73.,+4-52(2/A+.952C(A5995(>52(.3,2C(,/-2(A52(73/A522-2(7/-32-+<50,(9M1/8+0+2.,+/0 ( 7.3 ( 9M1-8.0+2.,+/0C ( 8.+2 ( 05 ( 2M+02A3+<50, ( 7.2 ( >.02 ( 9. ( 9/0:-5 ( >-365C(2M.-,/0/8+250, ( E ( 9M6:.3> (>- ( ,5872 (>5 ( 9M527LA5 (5, ( A/0>+,+/0050, ( 9. ( D/38.,+/0 ( >- ( ,5872(1+2,/3+4-5*(

J@V@)W)X(11()*+5189*()%53$%1():)C%*3()%51#-$021%C()('!#051().%,#('(51Y)$"5*)!.0*%(0#*)*(21%-5*Y):)$%C(#*(*)!0,.%2"1%-5*)"513#%(0#(*@)

K$K.$%L0/?M$)*N]50<50+2,5C('*(RSV[XY(7#-,.9'(*)$().%5&0%*1%/0()&353#".(C(,*(%%C(Q.3+2C(`.99+8.3>*G.22+353C('*(RSV[aWSV[hY(<")!8%.-*-!8%()$(*)B-#'(*)*+',-.%/0(*C(Q.3+2C(#+0-+,C(U(</9*G.22+353C('*(RSVVSySVU^WSVUVzY(<-&%/0()$(*)*2%(52(*)$().")20.10#(C(Q.3+2C(G53D*'A/C(k*(RSV[hY(U#"11"1-)$%)*('%-1%2")&(5(#".(C(#+9.0C(]/87+.0+*'A/C(k*(RSVTVY(H3'%-1%/0()(1)!8%.-*-!8%()$0)."5&"&(C(Q.3+2C(QkZ*'A/C(k*(RSVVaY)<()*%&5(C(Q.3+2C(`.99+8.3>*`35+8.2C($*(P*(RSV^^Y(H3'"51%/0()*1#0210#".(C(Q.3+2C(=.3/-225*`35+8.2C($*(P*(RSV[sY(G0)H(5*C(Q.3+2C(!5-+9*`35+8.2($*(P*(RSV[^Y(Q"0!"**"51)A)<")*3'%-1%/0()$0)1(?1(Y)Q.3+2C(!5-+9*\N598295<C(=*(RSV[SY(4**"%*).%5&0%*1%/0(*Y(Q.3+2C(#+0-+,*\-8F/9>,C(|*(</0(RSVsUWSVU^Y(P(*"''(.1()H28#%B1(5C(]539+0C(]513C(S[(</9*\-8F/9>,C(|*(</0(RSV[XY(S51#-$021%-5):).FZ0C#()*0#).()["C%C(Q.3+2C(!5-+9*\-8F/9>,C (|* ( </0 ( RasssY (H0# ) .( ) 2"#"219#( )5"1%-5". )$(* ) ."5&0(* )(1 )"01#(* )32#%1* ) *0# ) .( )."5&"&(C(Q.3+2C(!5-+9(y+0,3/>-+,(5,(,3.>-+,(7.3(B50+2(i1/-.3>z*=/,8.0C(%*(RSVVV\)<")*3'%-*!89#(C(=+8/:52C(Qk=%#*Q.7C(=*(RSVVsY(H('%-1%2*@)]5)%51(&#"1%C()*0#C(+C(i/3/0,/C(8/0/:3.71(/D(,15(i/3/0,/(!58+/,+A(G+3A95*Q/99/AKC(P*W}*(RSVV[Y(<"5&"&()(1)2-&5%1%-5C(Q.3+2C(QkZ*Q3/77C(@*(RSV^h(ySVaTzY(<")'-#!8-.-&%()$0)2-51(C(Q.3+2C(!5-+9*Q5+3A5C(G*(!*(RSVh^Y(X-..(21($)7"!(#*C(\.3<.3>C(\.3<.3>(k0+<532+,H(Q3522C(^(</9*&.2,+53C(Z*(RSVT[Y(H3'"51%/0()%51(#!#31"1%C(C(Q.3+2C(QkZ*&.2,+53C(Z*(RSVTVY(H(5*)(1)1(?10".%13C(Q.3+2C(\.A15,,5*&.2,+53C(Z*(RSVVSY(H3'"51%/0()(1)#(28(#28(*)2-&5%1%C(*C(Q.3+2C(QkZ*&.2,+53C(Z*(RSVV^Y(&5736250,.,+/0(/-(+0,53736,.,+/0(e(f(k05(753275A,+<5(1538605-,+4-5(2-3(9.(86>+.,+/0(268+/,+4-5C(+0(@*(&+.995(5,(B*(Z+25,,5(R>+3*YC (7(5*(#).^(*!#%1)W)$(*)*2%(52(*)$().")2-&5%1%-5):)05()!8%.-*-!8%()2-&5%1%C(Y )`350/F95C(Q352252(k0+<532+,.+352(>5(`350/F95C(aSVWaUV*&.2,+53C(Z*(RSVV[Y(\538605-,+4-5(8.,63+5995(5,(268.0,+4-5(>52(,5?,52C(+0(!.9.02K+2C(P*W#*C(&.2,+53C(Z*C(!A1572C(&*(R6>2*Y(_(#'35(01%/0()W)1(?1(*Y)*2%(52(*C(Q.3+2C(QkZC(SSVWSXT*&.2,+53C(Z*(RassSY(]#1*)(1)*2%(52(*)$0)1(?1(C(Q.3+2C(QkZ*&.2,+53C(Z*C(G.<.oo.C(#*C($F5+996C($*(RSVVXY(H3'"51%/0()!-0#).F"5".+*(C(Q.3+2C(#.22/0*!.-22-35C(Z*(>5(RSV^TWSV[XY(G/-32(>5( 9+0:-+2,+4-5(:6063.95C(|+52F.>50C(\.33.22/r+,oC(a(,/852(y6>+,+/0(A3+,+4-5(&->/9D('0:953z*!.-22-35C(Z*(>5(RSV[a(ySVS^zY(X-0#*)$().%5&0%*1%/0()&353#".(C(Q.3+2C(Q.H/,(y6>+,+/0(i-99+/(>5(#.-3/z*!.-22-35C(Z*(>5(RassaY(42#%1*)$().%5&0%*1%/0()&353#".((y!+8/0(]/-4-5,(5,(&->/9D('0:953(6>2zC(Q.3+2C(`.99+8.3>(R]+F9+/,1L4-5(>5(71+9/2/71+5Y*(i3.F.0,C(P*(RasssY (7#3*(52(*)$()_0',-.$1C(Q.3+2C('>+,+/02(>5(9.(#.+2/0(>52(2A+50A52(>5(9M1/885*

!"#$%&"#'()%*+,($$(,%'"$%-"..(/0*1,($%(0%$#22($01"/$%3!"!#$%&'%()*+,--.%,*/0!

1!!"#!$%& &!&&-%$)%230%4567%230%!&889!$:,0!#;65.).:<!6#%7)0:<.=,%*!

4565,(/-(%71781"2,*&91:#(!"!>?@ABC>D!E0F<G:.-*!@F,--,0%!F,!/,),0!"!670.)-!0%)0:,H6-!%)!<:,H%##%- ! 067%$).:<-* !'"#!$ & %! -%$)%230%4567%230% !&889 !I%< ! #.J<%K* !L.-$:<.3#% !-,0 ! "!MN))$"OOPPP*0%H,%4)%():*<%)O>%$%0%-OAN%2%-O>F-).%0O>F-).%0QB<)0:4@%2.:).=,%*$5/R*!ST:<-,#)6%!#%!***U*!

12