Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Towards the Hydrogen Economy Iceland's Vision

Rauðarárstíg 25 • 150 Reykjavík • Sími 545 9900 • Bréfsími: 562 4878

Towards the Hydrogen EconomyTowards the Hydrogen Economy

Iceland's VisionIceland's Vision


ICELANDICELAND

Sustainable use of natural resources

Iceland'seconomic

policy


Renewable Energy in Iceland

Over 70% of energy used in Iceland comes from renewable resources

Electricity and space heating is provided by renewables

Fossil fuels are imported for vehicles, shipping and industrial processes


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

PJ

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

HydroHydro

GeothermalGeothermal

OilOil

CoalCoal

PeatPeat

HydroHydro

GeothermalGeothermal

OilOil

CoalCoal

Proportional consumptionProportional consumption

Primary Energy Consumption in Iceland 1940 - 2000+


Potential for Electricity Production (TWh/a) from Renewable Resources

7%

1,4

20+

Geo-thermal

24%

7,1

30

Hydro Together

17%Percentage of potential

8,5Annual production in 2003

50Economical and environmentally viable potential

Hydro

Geothermal

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Potential Production


Increasing power with new technologies


Iceland´s benefits from hydrogen Increased use of local renewables

Renewable energy for vehicles

Renewable energy for ships

Energy security

Cleaner Environment

Sustainable Energy Economy


Hydrogen The lightest element 90% of the material world Water is composed of

Hydrogen and Oxygen Hydrogen Fusion keeps the

stars glowing


Hydrogen derives from diverse sources

.

Distributed Generation

TransportationBiomass

Hydro

Wind

Solar

Geothermal

Coal

Nuclear

Natural Gas

Oil

Wit

h C

arb

on

S

equ

estr

atio

n

HIGH EFFICIENCY & RELIABILITY

ZERO/NEAR ZEROEMISSIONS


Storing energy for use on demand

Hydrogen can be used for

storing geothermal energy during

off-peak hours

stabilazing wind and solar energy systems

providing stable current for electrical grids based on renewable energy


Advantages of Hydrogen Abundant

The most common element in the Universe Clean

Causes no pollution when used in Fuel Cells and extremely small emissions in IC Engines

Secure Hydrogen production is not restricted to certain

regions or limited deposits, ensuring constant supply Efficient

Fuel Cells are almost twice as energy efficient as conventional IC engines

Versatile Can be generated with any primary energy source


The Hydrogen Economy

The Hydrogen Economy


Towards a Hydrogen Economy The introduction of hydrogen as an energy carrier will

decrease Iceland's reliance on fossil fuels

Hydrogen from renewables lays the ground for a sustainable energy economy

Iceland is committed to the goals of the Hydrogen Economy

The Government has offered Iceland as a platform for hydrogen research and development


Icelandic New Energy Ltd (INE)

Shell Hydrogen 16,33%Shell Hydrogen 16,33%

Hydro 16,33Hydro 16,33

DaimlerChrysler 16,33%DaimlerChrysler 16,33%

Majority shareholder: 51%Majority shareholder: 51%

Icelandic Holding CompanyIcelandic Holding Company

VistOrka hf (EcoEnergyVistOrka hf (EcoEnergy))

VistOrka shareholders:

Icel. New Business Venture FundIcel. New Business Venture FundReykjavik EnergyReykjavik Energy

The National Power CompanyThe National Power CompanySudurnes Regional Heating CorpSudurnes Regional Heating Corp

University of IcelandUniversity of IcelandThe Technological Institute of The Technological Institute of

IcelandIcelandFertilizer PlantFertilizer Plant

Aflvaki hfAflvaki hfGovernment of IcelandGovernment of Iceland


Key Projects

Time2000

1. Fuel cell bus demonstration: ECTOS 7MEuro1. Fuel cell bus demonstration: ECTOS 7MEuro

2. Fuel cell passenger vehicles2. Fuel cell passenger vehiclesDemonstrationprogram

Gradual introduction intopassenger car fleet

Demonstrationprogram Gradual introduction into bus fleet

2002

3. Fuel cell fishing vessel demonstration 3. Fuel cell fishing vessel demonstration

Demonstrationprogram Gradual introduction into

fishing fleet


Fueling infrastructure for the futureFueling infrastructure for the future

First commercial station April 2003 First commercial station April 2003


SOFC fuel cells

PEMFC fuel cells

Storage in gas cylinders

Hydrogen pipelines gridPortable devices

Busses and taxis Private cars

Storage in chemical compunds

Electrolysis

High temperature electrolysis

Hydrogen from H2S

Hydrogen from boreholes

2000 2010 2020 2030

low

medium

high

Distribution with trucks

Production

Storage

Distribution

ConversionEnd use

The Hydrogen Roadmap The Hydrogen Roadmap for Icelandfor Iceland


International cooparation

New technologies and standards have to be developed for hydrogen as an energy carrier

Single countries cannot develop hydrogen economy in isolation

Hydrogen Economy cannot be achieved without international cooperation


Accelerating development

IEA working on hydrogen development through the Hydrogen Implementing Agreement (HIA) since 1977

The EU Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Technology Platform established in 2003

The International Partnership for Hydrogen Economy (IPHE) established in 2003


International Projects

Standards have been set for international collaborative hydrogen projects

Numerous projects have been recognized on hydrogen production, storage, fuel cell testing, standards, safety etc.

The projects have accelerated international private and public cooperation on hydrogen development


Stockholm

Hamburg

Stuttgart

Barcelona

Reykjavik

London

Luxemburg

Madrid

Porto

Amsterdam

CUTE and ECTOS Hydrogen Cities


Japan

Brazil

USA

United Kingdom

EuropeanCommission

France

Germany

Italy

India

Iceland

Canada

RussianFederation

Australia

South Korea

China

•$35 Trillion in GDP•85% of world GDP•3.5 billion people•75% of electricity used •2/3s of CO2 emissions and

energy consumption

Norway

IPHE Partners

Documents

Rauðarárstíg 25 150 Reykjavík Sími 545 9900 Bréfsími: 562 4878 Towards the Hydrogen Economy Iceland's Vision