Raw material wood wool Data | facts | markets€¦ · 19th century this has been proved to be tried and tested in hundreds of ideas and products. Nowadays loose wood wool is used

Raw material wood wool | data | facts | markets | 1. November 201

Author | Hanspeter Frey | Information date | 1. November 2012

Raw material wood woolData | facts | markets

Food Logistics Erosion protection mats

Evaporative coolers Udder hygiene

© 2012 by Hanspeter Frey | 9620 Lichtensteig | Schweiz | [email protected] copying and distribution of this pdf. document is expressly permitted, in particular for trainingpurposes.

Raw material wood wool | data | facts | markets | 1. November 2012 3

Roundwoodofthehighestquality nowastewood freefrom additives

[alsofreefromwoodpreservatives] freefrombindingagents chippingtechniqueprotects woodfibres problem-freedisposalofwaste

Wood wool | Definition

Wood wool is a multi-functional raw material produced mechanically by wood

wool machines in the form of fine, elastic, almost dust free wood wool fibres, up

to 500 mm long and free from wood splinters. It is produced from debarked

hardwoods and softwoods of the highest quality classifications [FSC and PEFC

certified], which - depending on use - is air-dried to up to 13 % wood moisture.

In Switzerland wood wool is produced in conformity with the Swiss Wood

Wool Standard, which came in force on 1st June 2011.

However, before this wood raw material, which originally came from the USA,

appeared in Europe in the 1880's the expression, "wood wool" had , however,

already been used for two quite different products.

At the International Exhibition in Paris in 1885 the French architect and

decorator Edouard Guichard [1815-1889] exhibited his "jaine de bois" [wood

wool] as a cost-effective substitute for shavings of flocking for the

production of wallpapers. These were very thin wood shavings boiled in

soapy water

In 1883 the surgeon, Gustav Adolf Walcher [1856-1935] described in his

thesis how he had produced anti-septic bandages from wood fibres, which

he called sublimate wood wool bandages.

4 Raw material wood wool | data | facts | markets | 1. November 2012

Wood wool | Definition


looselynetworked

Wood wool | Wood wool slabs

loose

bound

bound with bindingagent [e.g.magnesite] andcompressed

usually also containswaste wood


Source|proHolz

Wood | Properties

Wood can be quite generally divided into chemical, physical and biological properties. These

are fully used in the production of the multi-functional wood raw material, "wood wool".

In order properly to use wood and wood raw materials, it is necessary to understand the advantages and

disadvantages connected with the properties of wood, in order to be able to advocate the use of wood as a

modern construction and raw material. As well as using the properties of wood, however, the wood must

be handled and processed, as well as being used sensibly in processes that complement each other, in

order to make use of the strength of wood.

Arguments for wood

Environment/CO2-Household Recyclable raw material Stability related to its net weight

Natural durability

Good bonding with other raw materials

Good thermal properties, can be used not merely as a fuel

Wood moistureWood is a hydroscopic, inhomogeneous and anisotropic raw material:

Hydroscopic - absorbs or emits water vapour from the environment.

Inhomogeneous - there is no equivalent constructed raw material. It is unique in its three anatomical

directions of cutting and each species of timber has its individual structure.

Anisotropic - in its three cutting directions (longitudinal, radial and tangential) wood possesses

different properties (e.g. shrinkage and swelling, strengths, thermal conductivity, etc.)

In changing climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) the moisture content of wood alters. In

a damp climate dry wood absorbs moisture and in a dry climate wood emits water. In both cases a steady

state is ultimately reached, which is designated as the equilibrium moisture of wood.

Biological properties

Wood is biodegradable, and is, however, therefore also susceptible to biotic pests For example, it can be

attacked by insects, fungi or bacteria and its substance can be destroyed with long-lasting effects. At wood

moisture of 15 % wood is vulnerable to attack by fungi.

AnisotropyThe properties of wood can be divided into the three anatomical basic directions of the wood (axial, radial,

and tangential). This leads to unequal shrinkage of the wood when it dries out. In Central European

species of timber the maximum amount of shrinkage in the centre is axially 0.3 %, radially 5 % and

tangentially 10 %. Thus, when it dries out wood shrinks about twice as much tangentially (parallel to the

annual growth rings) as radially (parallel to the wood rays), so that particularly in large-dimensioned timber

slight radial cracks appear. The swelling / shrinkage coefficient gives the size alteration per cent of

alteration in wood moisture.


ProductionChipping of the round wood to produce wood wool in

accordance with the wood wool formula involves among

other things the selection of the species of tree and its

dimensions [length, thickness and breadth].

End product

Wood wool | Production flow

Raw materialRound wood of the highest quality from certified

hardwood and softwood storage [air-dried].

Wood wool formulaFor every use the individual wood wool mix is calculated

on the basis of the data provided by the user. For it is

only in this way that the varied biological, chemical and

physical properties of the different tree species can be

used to the full.


MULCH

Wood wool | Raw material circulation | Agriculture

RAW MATERIAL Round wood of the highest quality from certified hardwoods andsoftwoods

PRODUCTION Selection of the wood wool filaments -timber species and dimensions

Free from foreign matter and additives

First use Second use

SOIL ENRICHMENT

loose wood wool and/orwood wool mats

MULCHloose wood wool and /orwood wool mats

UDDER HYGIENEloose special wood wool

VEGETABLES | FRUIT |CROPSloose wood wool and / orwood wool mats

UDDER HYGIENE

MULCH FUELkindling

Waste disposal Problem-free ecological waste disposal via second use


Wood wool | Uses

Its "invisibility" is testimony to the quality of wood wool. What at first seems to be

an objection becomes logical once you have examined it closely. Wood wool has

been and is used where its proven unique biological, chemical and physical

properties show to advantage. For healthy wood is a sustainable raw material

with a convincing life cycle assessment. In addition, cost benefit considerations

have played and play a decisive role in the use of wood wool, whenever

resourceful, innovative entrepreneurs have developed new products and

solutions for problems and have brought them and bring them on to the market.

From the very beginning these people have been successful in business, with

the motto, “wood wool is everywhere - from birth to the final step". Since the mid-

19th century this has been proved to be tried and tested in hundreds of ideas

and products. Nowadays loose wood wool is used in the following sectors and

products:

CONSTRUCTION

SOIL ENGINEERING

ROAD CONSTRUCTION

HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

CREATING GREEN AREAS

WALLS AND CEILINGS [INSUALTION]

FURNITURE

UPHOLSTERY

BEDDING [MATTRESSES AND PILLOWS]

COFFIN LINING

SHOES

SHOE SOLES

GAMES AND SPORTS

DOLLS

SPORTS EQUIPMENT


Wood wool | Uses

AGRICULTURE

ENRICHMENT

MULCH

VEGETABLE, FRUIT AND CROP CULTIVATION

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

LITTER

UDDER HYGIENE

POULTRY FARMING

FOOD LOGISTICS

VEGETABLES | FRUIT | CROPS

MEAT | FISH

EGGS

PRODUCTION OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

FILTER TECHNOLOGY

EVAPORATIVE COOLERS

LOGISTICS

PACKAGING MATERIALS

VARIOUS

KINDLING

TAXIDERMY


Wood wool machines

Wood wool machines are planing machines, which have been especially

developed to produce fine, elastic, almost dust free, loose, untreated wood wool

fibres, up to 500 mm long and free from wood splinters.

In 1842 William Baker from Utica in New York State in the USA obtained US

Patent No. 2654 for his wood wool machine, entitled "Machine for manufacturing

wood so as to be used as a substitute for curled hair in stuffing beds". Nine

years later Edwin K. Browning's US Patent No. 8217 bore the title, "Machine for

cutting wood into shreds and crimping them for mattress stuffing, &c."

"Machine for manufacturingwood so as to be used as asubstitute for curled hair instuffing beds" by William Bakerfrom Utica New York State inthe USA from 1842 [Illustrationfrom the patent specification]


Quadruple-acting wood wool

machine, "Model HWB" of Anton &

SöhneinFlensburg

Wood wool machinesThat wood wool became an increasingly important, even essential raw material

from the mid-19th century first of all in North America and belatedly in Europe

proves the constantly growing supply of wood wool machines as well as machines

designed to process the wood wool efficiently into products of all sorts. The ideas

and claims of the wood wool producers and wood wool users drove the machine

engineers to a frenzy of development of increasingly high-performance wood

processing machines, which they proudly presented at industrial exhibitions and

sold in huge quantities. This was the pattern not only for the many patents, but also

most notably for the lavish and costly product catalogues of the American wood

processing machine industry. With these machines it was possible to earn good

money.

The triumphal progress of wood wool in the USA awakened the interest of

creative minds in Europe as well. These people were not willing to surrender the

obviously lucrative business of industrial wood processing to the Americans without

a struggle. The pre-requisites for almost certain commercial success had been

recognised, and the basic raw material - the forest - lay almost at the front door in

every region of the Old Continent. For the German Empire, Austro-Hungary,

France, Great Britain and Switzerland were ideal production and sales areas.

Together with Johann Anthon, who founded an iron foundry and machine

factory for the production of wool processing machines in 1865 in Flensburg, Ernst

Kirchner [1853-1930] was from the start one of the most successful producers of

wood wool machines in Europe. The former locksmith's apprentice from Kotteritz

near Altenburg in Thuringia became inspired when he visited the USA on several

occasions as a sales representative for a Chemnitz machine tool manufacturer. It

was his visit to the World Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876 which prompted his

decision to produce these wood processing machines, which were hardly known in

Europe, on his own account in Germany and to sell them all over the world.


Wood wool | Chronological table

1805 On 13th August John Matthews from Philadelphia is awarded US Patent No. 633X, entitled "Machine for

grinding and sawing dye woods" for the first "excelsior machine".

1842 On 30th May William Baker [1795-1871] from Utica in the US Federal State of New York is awarded USPatent No. 2654, entitled "Machine for manufacturing wood so as to be used as a substitute for curledhair in stuffing beds" [wood wool machine].

1843 Friedrich Gottlob Keller [1816-1895] from Hainichen in Saxony invents the process for producing paperfrom groundwood pulp.

1855 At the World Exhibition in Paris the French architect and decorator, Edouard Guichard [1815-1889]exhibits his "jaine de bois" [wood wool] as a cost-effective substitute for shavings of flocking for theproduction of wallpapers.

1868 Friedrich Voith [1840-1913], the entrepreneur from Heidenheim submits his first patent for a woodgrinder with a toothed loading rack.

1873 At the Centennial International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mines inPhiladelphia in the USA the American wood wool machines excited huge interest amongst the manyGerman visitors.

1883 Gustav Adolf Walcher [1856-1935] took his PH.D. at the University of Tübingen with the thesis,

"Concerning the use of lignin as antiseptic bandaging, in particular the sublimate wood wool bandage."

1884 On 6th May Paul Hartmann from Heidenheim in Württemberg is awarded German Patent No. 26903,entitled, "Production of a material for bandages".

1886 On 13th May the firm of Anthon & Söhne from Flensburg is awarded German Patent No. 35166, entitled"Machine for the production of wood wool".

On 15th June the firm of Deutsch-Amerikanische Maschinenfabrik Kirchner & Co. from Leipzig is

awarded German Patent No. 35654 entitled, "Procedure for forward and reverse planing on wood wool

planing machines".

1887 On 6th January the firm of C. L. P. Fleck Söhne from Berlin is awarded German Patent No. 38040entitled "Planing machine for the production of wood wool".


Wood wool | Chronological table

1908 On 1st December Robert Scherer is awarded Austrian Patent No. 37223 for his magnesite -bound wood

wool slabs.

1914 On 14the July the textile industrialist, Guido Franz Rotter [1860-1940] is awarded Austrian Patent No.65572, entitled "Procedure for the manufacture of yarn" [from wood wool].

1924 The Austro-American firm of Magnesit AG in Ferndorf in Carinthia commences industrial production of

wood wool slabs.

1925 On 13th May Charles Tellenbach from Buttes in the Canton of Neuenburg is awarded Swiss Patent No.111828, entitled "Procedure for wood turning" for his wood wool machine.

1955 The wood wool manufacturer, Karl Friedrich Lindner [1908-1966] from Toggenburg exploits the by then

almost forgotten antiseptic properties of wood. At the instigation of dairy farmers in the region in trials

lasting years he developed an additive-free, dry material for cleaning udders - what is known as "udder

wool". This is particularly fine wood wool, which is produced from conifers in a mechanical process,

which protects the raw material and is unique in the world. Nowadays this product is exported to more

than eighteen countries.

1991 On 21st May 1991 the American wood wool Standard PPP- E-91 1, introduced on 28th September1973, was definitively repealed.

2001 In May 2001 the European Standard EN 13168 for wood wool slabs entered into force.

2004 The DIN Standard 4077 for wood wool dating from 1942 was definitively repealed.


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Wood raw materials | Overview


Documents

Raw material wood wool Data | facts | markets€¦ · 19th century this has been proved to be tried and tested in hundreds of ideas and products. Nowadays loose wood wool is used