RBS Ericsson

IntroductionAs cdmaOne (IS-95 CDMA) operatorsbegin delivering a wide range of voice anddata services over diverse media, their net-works must evolve to support a complex mixof user demands. Ericsson’s cdmaOne prod-ucts and services are positioned to guaran-tee an effective and cost-conscious deliveryof all telecom services—today and tomorrow.

Figure 1 illustrates the layered networkarchitecture of the future, which will enablethe efficient delivery of voice and data ser-vices. A layered network architecture, cou-pled with standardized open interfaces forwireless networks, will allow operators tointroduce and roll out new applications andservices more rapidly than they ever imag-ined. Ericsson is aggressively developingproducts that allow for the delivery of tra-ditional telecom services and newly formedpacket-based (Internet) services over thesame backbone. We are committed to help-ing cdmaOne operators to make the transi-tion from present-day IS-95 networks to thethird-generation networks of tomorrow.Our comprehensive and varied migrationpath allows operators to choose to what ex-tent as well as how fast they want to evolvetheir networks. These migration options canmost easily be understood in terms of fivesteps, as described below. Any or all of thesesteps can be adopted on the road to a prof-itable third-generation business.

In addition to migrating their networkstoward a layered network architecture, someoperators want to implement all-IP deliveryof services. That is, they want to eliminatecircuit-switched services from their net-works. The standards for third-generationall-IP networks are being defined for IS-95-based systems in the Third Generation Part-nership Project (3GPP2).

58 Ericsson Review No. 2, 2000

Evolving from cdmaOne to third-generationsystemsGwenn Larsson

The evolution to third-generation services is a hot topic in the CDMAindustry. The convergence of voice and data services and packet-switched networks is transforming the entire playing field for mostcdmaOne providers. Additionally, the division between wireline, wireless,and Internet service providers (ISP) is beginning to blur. The wireless net-works of the future must be able to handle certain traffic loads and pro-vide telecommunications reliability to all customers—even those who useInternet services.

Although Ericsson CDMA Systems is a relatively new player in the wire-less market, thanks to the cooperation of numerous contributing productunits, it can provide a total system offering of CDMA and third-generation services.

The author describes Ericsson’s comprehensive, but flexible and variedfive-step path for migrating present-day IS-95 systems to a fully layered,third-generation solution.

HLR

Service and applications

Support servers

Support servers

PSTN/ ISDN

MGW

Router

Control

Connectivity

User data Control

Applications ApplicationsService

Wireless access

AAAH

GW/MSC server

MSC server

AAAH

MGW/ PDSN

Internet/ intranet

Figure 1Future layered network architecture.

Ericsson Review No. 2, 2000 59

Evolution of the IS-95 airinterface

IS-95-ABefore we discuss the evolution of specificproducts, we need to review the evolutionof the IS-95 air interface, which was stan-dardized by the Telecommunications In-dustry Association (TIA) in July 1993. Net-works that utilize the IS-95 CDMA air in-terface and the ANSI-41 network protocolare branded as cdmaOne networks. EricssonIS-95 networks utilize one or more 1.25 MHz carriers and operate within the800 and 1900 MHz frequency bands.

The first commercial launch of a cdmaOnenetwork was in Hong Kong, in September1995. Today, there are more than 50 mil-lion cdmaOne subscribers worldwide. Somekey benefits of the IS-95 air interface are softhandoffs (a make-before-break concept that re-duces dropped calls) and increased capacitycompared to AMPS networks.

Ericsson’s current cdmaOne productportfolio was designed from the ground up• to maximize the advantages of CDMA

digital wireless technology; and • to incorporate the efficiencies of IP—for

example, the Ericsson cdmaOne network,known as CMS 11, supports packet dataat rates of up to 14.4 kbit/s (as supportedin the IS-95-A standard) and packet-based transport on the backhaul.

IS-95-BThe original IS-95-A air-interface standardwas supplemented with the IS-95-B stan-dard, which includes several improvementsfor hard-handoff algorithms in multicarrierenvironments and in parameters that affectthe control of soft handoffs. Nonetheless, theprimary change in the standard had to dowith higher data rates for packet- and circuit-switched CDMA data: data rates ofup to 115 kbit/s can now be supported bybundling up to eight 14.4 or 9.6 kbit/s datachannels (14.4 kbit/s · 8 = 115.2 kbit/s).Today, some operators in Asia are imple-menting IS-95-B data with service rates ofup to 64 kbit/s.

3G IS-95/cdma2000The third-generation evolution of IS-95-based systems is referred to as cdma2000.This wireless standard was developed to sup-port third-generation services (IMT-2000)as defined by the International Telecom-munication Union (ITU). The standard is

divided into two phases, commonly knownas 1X and 3X.

IS-2000/cdma2000 1XThe cdma2000 1X standard (IS-2000) hasbeen completed and published by TIA. Theterm 1X, derived from 1XRTT (radiotransmission technology), is used to signifythat the standard carrier on the air interfaceis 1.25 MHz—the same as for IS-95-A andIS-95-B (that is, 1 · 1.25 MHz). This stan-dard can be implemented in existing spec-trum or in new spectrum allocations. Thestandard also paves the way for the nextphase of third-generation networks—cdma2000 3X (IS-2000-A). In brief,cdma2000 1X, which is implemented in ex-isting spectrum allocations, • delivers approximately twice the voice ca-

pacity of cdmaOne; • provides average data rates of 144 kbit/s; • is backward-compatible with cdmaOne

networks and terminals; and• enhances performance.

1X From cdma2000 1X (IS-2000),derived from 1XRTT), which signi-fies 1 · 1.25 MHz carrier

3GPP2 Third-generation Partnership Pro-ject

3X From cdma2000 3X (IS-2000-A),derived from 3XRTT, which signi-fies 3 · 1.25 MHz

AAA Authentication, authorization andaccounting

AC Authentication centerAMPS Advanced mobile phone serviceANSI American National Standards Insti-

tuteATM Asynchronous transfer modeBSC Base station controllerBSS Base station subsystemCDMA Code-division multiple accessCORBA Common object request broker

architectureDS-41 Direct-sequence air interface on an

ANSI-41 core network GCP Gateway control protocolGPRS General packet radio serviceGSM Global system for mobile commu-

nicationHA Home agentHDML Handheld device markup languageHLR Home location registerIMT-2000 International mobile telecommuni-

cation 2000IOS Interoperability standardIP Internet protocol

IS-2000 cdma2000 1XIS-2000-A cdma2000 3XIS-95 Specification of the air interface

used for CDMAISP Internet service providerITU International Telecommunication

UnionIWF Interworking functionLMDS Local multipoint distribution sys-

temMAP Mobile application partMGW Media gatewayOHA Operators Harmonization Agree-

mentPCN Packet core networkPCS Personal communication servicesPDSN Packet data service nodePSTN Public switched telephone net-

workQoS Quality of serviceRBS Radio base stationRTT Radio transmission technologySBS Selector bank subsystemSCE Service creation environmentSCP Service control pointSMS Short message serviceSMSC SMS centerTIA Telecommunications Industry

AssociationVoIP Voice over IPWAP Wireless application protocolWCDMA Wideband CDMAWIN Wireless intelligent network

BOX A, ABBREVIATIONS

IS-2000-A/cdma2000 3XThe cdma2000 3X standard is scheduled forcompletion in early 2000. The term 3X, de-rived from 3XRTT, is used to signify threetimes 1.25 MHz or approximately 3.75 MHz. The cdma2000 3X multicarri-er approach, or wideband cdmaOne, is animportant part of the evolution of IS-95-based standards. In all likelihood, IS-2000-A will be followed by supplemen-tal standards that offer additional function-ality as the industry evolves. In short,cdma2000 3X • offers greater capacity than 1X;• offers data rates of up to 2 Mbit/s;• is backward-compatible with 1X and

cdmaOne deployments; and • further enhances performance.

DS-41Another migration path for cdmaOne oper-ators is to evolve from cdma2000 1X to DS-41, or to introduce DS-41 into newIMT-2000 spectrum. As part of the Opera-tors Harmonization Agreement (OHA) forthird-generation systems, cdma2000 sys-tems that are based on the multicarrier airinterface and WCDMA systems based onthe direct-sequence (DS) air interface (3.84MHz) will be compatible with ANSI-41/mobile IP and GSM-MAP/general pack-et radio services (GPRS) core networks (Fig-

ure 2). Accordingly, cdmaOne operators canimplement a solution that uses the direct-sequence air interface on an ANSI-41 corenetwork (DS-41).

Most cdmaOne operators plan to imple-ment cdma2000 1X for increased voice ca-pacity and faster data rates. But instead ofmigrating to cdma2000 3X, many are eye-ing other technologies, such as 1X with en-hanced data, DS-41, or even local multi-point distribution system (LMDS), for high-speed data access. Ericsson understands themarket’s need for different paths of evolu-tion and is fully prepared to support them.

Step 1: UpgradingcdmaOne systems withEricsson infrastructure Figure 3 shows the typical components ofthe cdmaOne system infrastructure. Ericsson provides the items depicted in blue,for expanding coverage and capacitythrough an open interface from the mobileswitching center (MSC) to the CDMA ac-cess network. In cdmaOne systems, the openinterface between the MSC and the base sta-tion controller (BSC) is generally referred toas the interoperability standard (IOS).

The original standard for the MSC-BSCinterface in CDMA systems was defined in


FDD mode 1 direct sequenceRadio access

– family of 3G CDMA modes

Core network – family of 3G systems

Core network – 3G inter-family roaming

Evolved GSM/MAP

Evolved ANSI-41

Network-to-network interface

FDD mode 2 multicarrier

Flexible connection between RTT modes and core networks based on operators' needs

TDD mode

WCDMA cdma2000 Unpaired spectrum

Figure 2Operators Harmonization Agreement.


the IS-634 specification from TIA. The IOS,which is a refinement of the IS-634 specifi-cation, has been broadly embraced by cdmaOne operators worldwide. Ericsson hasdeployed several IS-634 and IOS networks,and supplied equipment to the base stationsubsystem (BSS) of the world’s first com-mercial implementation of the IOS (Figure 3).

The primary nodes in most present-dayCDMA systems are the MSC, the radio-access network, a home location register(HLR), an interworking function (IWF),and a handheld device markup language(HDML) server. Other key elements includeoperations and network management sys-tems, voice-mail servers and short messageservice centers (SMSC).

In most cdmaOne systems, the inter-working function is an external piece ofequipment that provides subscribers withdata services and Internet connections.However, for more efficient and cost-effective delivery of data services, Ericsson’sCDMA network offers the choice of embed-ding the interworking function and packet-data routers in the BSC.

The HDML server is used for deliveringInternet content to cdmaOne phones thatare equipped with HDML microbrowsers.In the near future, wireless application pro-tocol (WAP) microbrowsers will also be in-troduced.

Radio base stationsEricsson’s cdmaOne radio base stations(RBS) and BSCs support the current IOS in-terface. The RBS 1106 and 1107—which isEricsson’s most recent RBS product forCDMA—were designed using direct oper-ator input for requirements such as: • rapid network build-out;• support of high-capacity and long-range

coverage;• low operating costs;• high reliability;• simple operation;• low deployment costs; and • support of future generations of technol-

ogy (upgradeable to third-generation sys-tems).

Available for operation in the 800 and 1900 MHz frequency bands, the RBS 1106is a modular product that consists of a mainunit and up to three isolated remote units(Figure 4). It is a true macro-cellular prod-uct (15 watts of output power at the anten-na) in a micro-cellular package. The RBS1107, which is a multicarrier version, was

HLR

MSCIOS

PSTNHDML serverOperator's

ATM/IP backbone

cdmaOne

cdmaOne

Other ATM/IP networks

Access network

BSC

IWF Supporting servers

Figure 3Step 1: The Ericsson BSS, which can interoperate with any present-day cdmaOne net-work.

Figure 4The Ericsson RBS 1106—typical installa-tion configuration.

announced in February and will be com-mercially available during the second half ofthis year.

BSCEricsson’s CMS 11 BSC is a flexible and scal-able packet-based product. When designingthis product, engineers put special empha-sis on • the efficient handling of backhaul to and

from base stations;• advanced power control—to improve

CDMA air-link capacity; and• best-in-class processing of soft handoffs. The CMS 11 BSC is currently the only prod-uct in the industry that can support cdmaOne packet-data services. It also has anintegrated interworking function that al-lows operators to offer voice and data ser-vices via the same selector cards from the se-lector bank subsystem (SBS.)

Step 2: Increasing serviceofferingsService differentiation and reduced costs ofdelivering existing services are operators’primary requirements. Step 2 of Ericsson’smigration path introduces enhanced data,

more features, and greater reliability. TheEricsson CMS 11 products that can be inte-grated for this step include the IWF, HLR,WAP gateway, and AXE 10 CDMA switch-ing platform, each of which will be com-mercially available before the end of 2000.Because these products make use of open in-terfaces, they can be integrated into anyCDMA network (Figure 5).

MSCAXE 10, which is one of the most acclaimed,highly reliable switches in the industry forwireless applications, is well configured fordelivering the services and features of to-morrow’s layered network architecture.Ericsson’s feature-rich switching platformcan be installed by new customers or by ex-isting cdmaOne operators who are interest-ed in replacing their current switching so-lution. The AXE will be IOS-compliant andcapable of supporting over 400,000 wirelesssubscribers. The CDMA version of the AXE 10 MSC will be available in mid-2000.

IWFIn response to operator demands for greatercapacity, Ericsson will soon begin offeringan external interworking function for pro-cessing cdmaOne data calls through theMSC. The interworking function, whichwill be based on the Tigris platform1, caneasily be migrated to new standards forthird-generation systems. Ericsson’s inter-working function will offer more than threetimes the capacity of the nearest competi-tor’s product.

HLRTo maintain a strong and loyal subscriberbase, operators need new, high-value ser-vices that target an increasingly segmentedend-user market. The open-interface Jam-bala platform2, which is Ericsson’s next-gen-eration application platform, facilitates thedelivery of industry-leading user featuresand introduces wireless intelligent net-working (WIN) capabilities into CDMAsystems.

Ericsson’s CDMA HLR provides reliableoperations with zero downtime. Further-more, in addition to (or instead of) servingas an HLR, this multi-application platformcan function as a service control point (SCP)or authentication center (AC). And becauseit supports Java and CORBA technology,the CDMA HLR also provides operatorswith an ideal service creation environment(SCE).


HLR

MSCIOS

PSTNWAP/HDML

serverOperator's ATM/IP backbone

cdmaOne

cdmaOne


Access network

BSC

IWF Supporting servers

Figure 5Step 2: Enhancing service offerings. New additions to the network are shown highlightedin blue.


WAP gatewayWAP-capable phones will become availableon the market in mid-2000. CDMA opera-tors who want to offer WAP functionalitycan integrate Ericsson’s CDMA WAP gate-way. The WAP gateway system thus satis-fies operator requirements for a server thatprovides standardized delivery of micro-browser Internet applications. Like theCDMA HLR, Ericsson’s WAP gateway forCDMA is based on the Jambala platform.

Step 3: Improved packet-handling, Phase I 3GTo offer third-generation services, operatorswill have to invest in the access and core net-works of their systems. Obviously, operatorswill be looking for solutions that are easy toadopt and provide a wide range of services.Initially, emphasis will be put on the intro-duction of high-speed mobile data services,multimedia services, and services that re-quire a guaranteed quality of service (QoS).End-users will expect to have access to ser-vices anywhere and at any time. Moreover,they will expect reliable, secure connectionsduring transmissions. Step 3 in Ericsson’ssolution for migrating cdmaOne systems tofuture third-generation systems begins withthe addition of a cdma2000 1X access net-work and the introduction of new packet-data services, mainly in the form of mobileIP (Figure 6).

cdma2000 packet core networkDuring the first quarter of 2001, operatorswill be able to enhance interworking func-tions from Ericsson with software and hard-ware that support the packet-handling ca-pabilities defined for third-generation sys-tems. The interworking function will thusalso become a packet data service node(PDSN). Similarly, a new server can beadded for authentication, authorization andaccounting (AAA). Ericsson will also intro-duce home-agent infrastructure andhome/foreign-agent software to supportmobile IP functionality.

Mobile IP, which gives data users seam-less mobility in and between CDMA net-works, is the basis of the cdma2000 packetcore network (PCN). Based on the Internetstandard for mobility, mobile IP incorpo-rates home agents (HA) and foreign agents(FA) into the CDMA packet data equation.The cdma2000 packet core network also of-fers mechanisms for more secure data deliv-ery. The PCN standards for cdma2000 are

being defined by the TR45.6 workinggroup within TIA.

Because Ericsson’s PCN solution is basedon open interfaces, it can easily be integrat-ed into any IOS-compliant cdma2000 in-frastructure. The design of the cdma2000PCN draws on the know-how Ericssongained while developing its GPRS nodes forGSM and WCDMA systems. The EricssonPCN makes efficient use of available spec-trum and alleviates the need to use MSCchannel resources when setting up data calls.

cdma2000 1X-capable BSSOperators are demanding greater capacityfor voice and faster data solutions. Havinganticipated this development, Ericsson hasdesigned a BSS for cdma2000 1X. The BSS(BSC and multi-carrier macro-RBS) forthird-generation wireless network systemsis based on an ATM/IP platform—the sameplatform on which Ericsson bases itsWCDMA products. The RBS 1106 and

HLR

MSC

PSTN

WAP/HDML

AAAF AAAH

Operator's ATM/IP backbone

cdma2000 1Xcdma2000 1X


Access network

3G BSC

HA PDSN/ IWF

Supporting servers

Figure 6Step 3: Phase I 3G wireless capabilities.

RBS 1107 compact radio base stations (in-troduced in Step 1) can also be upgraded tosupport cdma2000 1X.

The third-generation BSS (BSC and RBS)for cdma2000 1X combines the advantagesof IP with the QoS capabilities of ATM (Fig-ure 7). Because the platform has been opti-mized for mobile technology, it can deliverIP services with the same kind of reliabilityas is associated with traditional telecommu-nications. Ericsson’s BSS architecture alsofacilitates migration to voice-over-IP (VoIP)services and serves as the basis for mediagateways (MGW, see Step 5).

Step 4: Phase II 3GWhile many of today’s cdmaOne operatorsare certain to migrate to cdma2000 1X,many are still defining their needs for mi-grating to even higher capacity, higherspeed data networks. By supportingcdma2000 3X, DS-41, or other 1X en-hancements, Ericsson’s products are de-signed to give operators a number of optionsin the future.

Phase II 3G RBSEricsson’s RBS products for Phase I 3G canbe upgraded to support either cdma20003X or DS-41 wideband technology (PhaseII 3G). After they have been upgraded, the

radio base stations will support IMT-2000data speeds of up to 2 Mbit/s over the air.The upgrade to Phase II 3G also includesimproved capacity for voice (Figure 8).Moreover, the technology facilitates inter-national roaming between cdma2000 andWCDMA systems (Figure 9).

Step 5: Fully layeredarchitectureStep 5 of Ericsson’s migration solution re-sults in a fully layered network architecture(Figure 10). Wireless operators will struc-ture their networks in layers for packet- andcircuit-switched services, or migrate to all-IP systems. The finished network is com-posed of three layers:• the user application layer;• the control layer; and • the connectivity layer.

User application layerThe user application layer will contain theservices for which end-users are willing topay. These services include e-commerce,global positioning services, and other dif-ferentiating services—each of which resideson off-network servers. In addition, someapplications will be implemented in mobileterminals. Open application programmingwill be used between the off-network servers


IP router

Packet-switched fabric

Transmission interfaces

ATM switch

Figure 7Ericsson’s third-generation BSC.

HLR

MSC

PSTN

WAP/HDML

AAAF AAAH


cdma2000 1X

cdma2000 1X

cdma2000 3X/ DS-41

cdma2000 3X/ DS-41cdma2000 3X/

DS-41


Access network

Access network

BSC BSC

HA PDSN

Supporting servers

Figure 8Phase II 3G, Step 4: the addition ofcdma2000 3X- or DS-41-capable radiobase stations.


and the on-network control plane, to definethe interfaces and to promote developmentcompatibility with CDMA.

Control layerThe control layer, which is the “brains” ofthe overall network, incorporates all the net-work servers that are needed to provide ser-vices to any subscriber, regardless of whetherhe or she accesses the network from a wire-line, wireless, or IP world. Typical serversin this layer are the HLR, SMSC, AC, AAA,and the newly introduced MSC server.

Connectivity layerThe connectivity layer handles the transportof all information, regardless of whether itis data or voice. This layer can use IP trans-port, ATM transport, or a combination ofthe two. The connectivity infrastructure cancarry traffic from fixed line, cable-TV, wire-less or mobile, and private networks, whichmeans that investments made in transportgateways and transmission equipment areprotected even if the traffic mix does notevolve as first expected.

The architecture of the connectivity back-bone is divided into two parts: the core andthe edge. Core network equipment trans-ports all types of traffic between the servicenodes in the operator’s network. Typicalcomponents of the infrastructure includerouters, ATM switches, and transmissionmedia. Edge equipment, which provides theadded intelligence that is needed to supportthe core bit stream of voice and data, is nec-essary for interpreting customer-specific in-structions, guaranteeing QoS delivery, andforwarding information—for instance,billing information—to the control layer.

Two examples of edge equipment technol-ogy in a cdma2000 network are the mediagateway and the packet data service node.

Media gatewayThe final step (Step 5) in migrating to athird-generation network is achieved pri-marily by dividing the functions of the MSCbetween a media gateway and an MSC serv-er (Figure 10). This is accomplished byadding an IP/ATM interface to the currentMSC and by introducing an open-interfacemedia gateway into the network. AXE 10

Application-independent, 5 MHz

MC power amplifier LNA/TMA

TRX rack

BB processing (totally pooled)

Execution platform O&M

Power & mechanical parts

1.25 MHz (cdma2000 1X) or 5 MHz (cdma2000 3X or DS-41)

cdma2000 1X (including cdma2000 3X) or DS-41 or other loadable FPGA/DSP software

Application-independent

Figure 9Design of Ericsson’s third-generationRBS.

HLR

MSC server

PSTN

WAP/HDMLAAAF AAAH



cdma2000 3X/ DS-41


DS-41


Access network

Access network

BSC BSC

Media Gateway/ PDSN

Media Gateway/ PDSN

HA HA

Supporting servers

Figure 10Step 5: Introduction of media gateways.

can be logically separated into an MSC serv-er and a media gateway that supports ATMand IP transport.

Ericsson’s media gateway for third-generation CDMA systems is based on thesame third-generation ATM/IP platformthat is being used for the BSC and the radiobase stations. Since the emerging ITU stan-dards for the gateway control protocols(GCP) are open, Ericsson’s media gatewaywill interface to any MSC. The media gate-way, which is controlled remotely by theMSC using GCP, contains a full set of voiceand transport resources for converting pro-tocols between different networks. It alsoprovides signaling functionality for con-verting lower layer control protocols. In athird-generation system, the media gatewayserves as the “edge” equipment for voice traf-fic; similarly, the PDSN becomes the mediagateway for data traffic. This is why edgeequipment in the layered architecture is la-beled MGW/PDSN. Media gateways alsoserve as points of entry into the publicswitched telephone network (PSTN)—thecircuit-switched world—while routers withor without home agents serve as edge equip-ment to the packet-switched world.

In terms of transmission, the layered ar-chitecture allows transcoders to be locatedat the edge of the cellular network, whichyields gains in transmission efficiency. In

traditional CDMA networks, the trans-coders are located at the BSC and restrictedby the IOS specification. Ericsson is work-ing with standards bodies to promote op-tional transcoder locations, in order to ex-ploit the full potential of the layered archi-tecture.

Introduction timelineEricsson’s timeline for Steps 1 through 5 isshown in Figure 11, where the X-axis indi-cates the introduction of commercial solu-tions—customer and field trials will occurprior to these dates. The Y-axis serves to re-mind operators of the benefits they stand togain from each step in the evolution.

End-to-end solutionsAlthough the focus of this article has beenon network elements that are specific to theevolution of systems based on IS-95 CDMA,it should be noted that Ericsson providesbackbone solutions to complement thisstrategy. Indeed, Ericsson can provide oper-ators with end-to-end network solutions—including routers, ATM switches, and edgeand core network equipment—that meetcurrent and future demands. As a leader inIP and ATM solutions, Ericsson can provideturnkey solutions for every possible element


Media gateways MSC servers

cdma2000 3X / DS-41 RBS

Layered architecture

High-speed data International roaming

ATM and IP backbone from Ericsson

Advanced voice/data services Mobile IP/secure data

Efficient data delivery Advanced user features High reliability

Capacity and coverage expansion Low cost

ATM switches IP routers

cdma2000 1X RBS 3G BSC

PCN

Jambala WAP and HLR

IWF MSC

IOS BSS

4Q99 2Q00 1H01 2H02 2H03

Figure 11Ericsson’s timeline for evolving CDMA tothird-generation capabilities.

cdmaOne is a registered trademark of theCDMA Development Group (CDG).Java™ is a trademark owned by SunMicrosysttems Inc. in the United States andother countries.JAMBALA™ is a trademark owned by Tele-fonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson, Sweden.

TRADEMARKS


of an operator’s telecommunications net-work (Figure 12).

ConclusionThe market dynamics for cellular and PCSoperators is quickly changing. Competitionis increasingly being felt from wireline,ISPs, and VoIP providers. Through the ac-quisition and development of industry-lead-ing CDMA expertise and resources, Erics-son has demonstrated strong commitmentto the growth and evolution of IS-95-basedCDMA systems. Ericsson has a strong prod-uct offering and a comprehensive five-stepplan for migrating CDMA systems intothird-generation systems.

A key consideration for operators is theinstallation of high-capacity access equip-ment that is small, simple to deploy, easilyexpandable, and can be adapted to new tech-nologies. Ericsson’s compact RBS platformwas designed to fulfill these requirements.

A second consideration is the support ofopen interfaces and standardized system

platforms. Ericsson has a full portfolio ofIOS- and 3GPP2-compliant products.

A third consideration is the establish-ment of a packet core and switching plat-form that is positioned for future multi-media and data services. Here, too, Ericssonhas the products operators need for earlymarket entry.

A fourth consideration is the migration toa layered network architecture that paves theway for an all-IP network. Ericsson’s end-to-end solutions enable operators to makethis transition at their own pace.

As a strong participant in standards-related activities regarding the evolution ofthe air interface and wireless networks,Ericsson has a leading position relative tothe introduction of centralized control andto the development of a single-transmissionnetwork for customer services. Operatorswho currently deliver wireless services with,or who are planning to install, cdmaOnetechnology can rest assured that Ericsson hassolutions to all their current and future net-work needs.

HLR

MSC server

PSTN

WAP/HDMLAAAF AAAH



cdma2000 3X/ DS-41


DS-41


Access network

Access network

BSC BSC

Media gateway/ PDSN

Media gateway/ PDSN

HA

Router

Router ATM HA

Supporting servers

Figure 12Ericsson’s end-to-end solutions. Note:network elements are highlighted in blue.Ericsson can supply every element of athird-generation network.

1 Curtin, P. and Whyte, B.: Tigris—A gatewaybetween circuit-switched and IP networks.Ericsson Review Vol. 76(1999):2, pp. 70-81.

2 Jones, F.: Jambala—Intellience beyond dig-ital wireless. Ericsson Review Vol.75(1998):3, pp. 126-131.

REFERENCES

Documents

RBS Ericsson