Rcp-ml2k Issue1 Summer 2009

8/7/2019 Rcp-ml2k Issue1 Summer 2009

1/20


2/20


3/20


4/20


5/20


6/20


7/20


8/20


9/20


10/20


11/20

PRI: Public Radio International: National and World News, Talk, Arts, Entertainment and Music: Bailout bill

goes to the White House

Bailout bill goes to the White House

===============================================================================

=

To the Point on 01 October, 2008 10:50:00

Congress has reversed itself and passed what's now called "economic rescue" plan-- 263 to 171 -- amid dismal news about employment and California's need for a

big federal loan.

Saying that passage of the bill won't get us out of the recession, Republican

leader John Boehner admitted that "it'll be a whole lot rougher ride if we

don't pass this bill."

Democrat Nancy Pelosi, the House Speaker, acknowledged that in "my own state of

California, officials -- including the governor -- are urgently calling for

federal legislation to avoid economic catastrophe."

Will the bill resolve the credit crisis? Will taxpayers make money on a $700

billion investment? "To the Point" looks at what that could mean for the creditcrunch and the crisis in housing.

Guests:

- Richard Rubin: Economics Reporter, CQPolitics.com

- Steven Davidoff: Professor, Connecticut School of Law

- Robert Reich: former Secretary of Labor

Hosted by award-winning journalist Warren Olney, "To the Point" presents

informative and thought-provoking discussion of major news stories front-page

issues that attract a savvy and serious news audience.

More "To the Point"




===============================================================================

=


Congress has reversed itself and passed what's now called "economic rescue" plan

-- 263 to 171 -- amid dismal news about employment and California's need for abig federal loan.








billion investment? "To the Point" looks at what that could mean for the credit

crunch and the crisis in housing.Guests:







More "To the Point"


12/20




===============================================================================

=


Congress has reversed itself and passed what's now called "economic rescue" plan-- 263 to 171 -- amid dismal news about employment and California's need for a

big federal loan.








billion investment? "To the Point" looks at what that could mean for the creditcrunch and the crisis in housing.

Guests:







More "To the Point"

PRI:PublicRadioInternational:NationalandWorldNews,Talk,Arts,EntertainmentandMusic:Bailoutbill

goestotheWhiteHouse

BailoutbillgoestotheWhiteHouse

===============================================================================

=

TothePointon01October,200810:50:00

Congresshasreverseditselfandpassedwhat'snowcalled"economicrescue"plan--263to171--amiddismalnewsaboutemploymentandCalifornia'sneedfora

bigfederalloan.

Sayingthatpassageofthebillwon'tgetusoutoftherecession,Republican

eaderJohnBoehneradmittedthat"it'llbeawholelotrougherrideifwe

don'tpassthisbill."

DemocratNancyPelosi,theHouseSpeaker,acknowledgedthatin"myownstateof

California,officials--includingthegovernor--areurgentlycallingfor

federallegislationtoavoideconomiccatastrophe."

Willthebillresolvethecreditcrisis?Willtaxpayersmakemoneyona$700

billioninvestment?"TothePoint"looksatwhatthatcouldmeanforthecredit crunchandthecrisisinhousing.

Guests:

-RichardRubin:EconomicsReporter,CQPolitics.com

-StevenDavidoff:Professor,ConnecticutSchoolofLaw

-RobertReich:formerSecretaryofLabor

Hostedbyaward-winningjournalistWarrenOlney,"TothePoint"presents

nformativeandthought-provokingdiscussionofmajornewsstoriesfront-page

ssuesthatattractasavvyandseriousnewsaudience.

More"TothePoint"




===============================================================================

=


Congress has reversed itself and passed what's now called "economic rescue" plan

-- 263 to 171 -- amid dismal news about employment and California's need for abig federal loan.








billion investment? "To the Point" looks at what that could mean for the credit

crunch and the crisis in housing.Guests:







More "To the Point"

PRI:PublicRadioInternational:NationalandWorldNews,Talk,Arts,EntertainmentandMusic:Bailoutbill

goestotheWhiteHouse

BailoutbillgoestotheWhiteHouse

===============================================================================

=

TothePointon01October,200810:50:00

Congresshasreverseditselfandpassedwhat'snowcalled"economicrescue"plan

--263to171--amiddismalnewsaboutemploymentandCalifornia'sneedfora bigfederalloan.

Sayingthatpassageofthebillwon'tgetusoutoftherecession,Republican

eaderJohnBoehneradmittedthat"it'llbeawholelotrougherrideifwe

don'tpassthisbill."

DemocratNancyPelosi,theHouseSpeaker,acknowledgedthatin"myownstateof

California,officials--includingthegovernor--areurgentlycallingfor

federallegislationtoavoideconomiccatastrophe."

Willthebillresolvethecreditcrisis?Willtaxpayersmakemoneyona$700

billioninvestment?"TothePoint"looksatwhatthatcouldmeanforthecredit

crunchandthecrisisinhousing.Guests:

-RichardRubin:EconomicsReporter,CQPolitics.com

-StevenDavidoff:Professor,ConnecticutSchoolofLaw

-RobertReich:formerSecretaryofLabor

Hostedbyaward-winningjournalistWarrenOlney,"TothePoint"presents

nformativeandthought-provokingdiscussionofmajornewsstoriesfront-page

ssuesthatattractasavvyandseriousnewsaudience.

More"TothePoint"


13/20

PRI: Public Radio Internation-

al: National and World News,

Talk, Arts, Entertainment and

Music: Bailout bill goes to the

White House

Bailout bill goes to the White

House======================

======================

======================

==============

To the Point on 01 October,

2008 10:50:00

Congress has reversed itself

and passed what's now called

"economic rescue" plan

-- 263 to 171 -- amid dismalnews about employment and

California's need for a

big federal loan.

Saying that passage of the bill

won't get us out of the reces-

sion, Republican

leader John Boehner admitted

that "it'll be a whole lot rough-

er ride if we


Democrat Nancy Pelosi, the

House Speaker, acknowledged

that in "my own state of

California, officials -- includ-

ing the governor -- are urgent-

ly calling for

federal legislation to avoid

economic catastrophe."

Will the bill resolve the credit

crisis? Will taxpayers make

money on a $700billion investment? "To the

Point" looks at what that could

mean for the credit

crunch and the crisis in hous-

ing.

Guests:

- Richard Rubin: Economics

Reporter, CQPolitics.com

- Steven Davidoff: Professor,

Connecticut School of Law

- Robert Reich: former Secretary

of Labor

Hosted by award-winning jour-

nalist Warren Olney, "To the

Point" presents

informative and thought-provok-

ing discussion of major news

stories front-pageissues that attract a savvy and

serious news audience.

More "To the Point"

PRI: Public Radio Internation-

al: National and World News,

Talk, Arts, Entertainment and

Music: Bailout bill goes to the

White House

Bailout bill goes to the WhiteHouse

======================

======================

======================

==============

To the Point on 01 October,

2008 10:50:00

Congress has reversed itself

and passed what's now called

"economic rescue" plan-- 263 to 171 -- amid dismal

news about employment and

California's need for a

big federal loan.

Saying that passage of the bill

won't get us out of the reces-

sion, Republican

leader John Boehner admitted

that "it'll be a whole lot rough-

er ride if we


Democrat Nancy Pelosi, the

House Speaker, acknowledged

that in "my own state of

California, officials -- includ-

ing the governor -- are urgent-

ly calling for

federal legislation to avoid

economic catastrophe."

Will the bill resolve the credit

crisis? Will taxpayers make

money on a $700

billion investment? "To the

Point" looks at what that could

mean for the credit

crunch and the crisis in hous-ing.

Guests:

- Richard Rubin: Economics

Reporter, CQPolitics.com

- Steven Davidoff: Professor,

Connecticut School of Law

- Robert Reich: former Secretary

of Labor

Hosted by award-winning jour-

nalist Warren Olney, "To thePoint" presents

informative and thought-provok-

ing discussion of major news

stories front-page

issues that attract a savvy and

serious news audience.

More "To the Point"


14/20

Afghan insurgent violence accelerates in 2009 | Reuters.com http://www.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=USN

1152158320...

Print | Close this window

Thu Jun 11, 2009 7:39pm EDT

By David Morgan

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Insurgent violence in Afghanistan has accelerated sharply alongside the arrival ofnew U.S. troops, reaching its highest level since 2001 just last week, U.S. officials said on Thursday.

Insurgent attacks soared 59 percent to 5,222 incidents from January through May, compared with 3,283 attacks

in the first five months of 2008, according to U.S. military officials and excerpts of a report by NATOs Interna-

tional Security Assistance Force obtained by Reuters.

That is more than double the growth rate for violence in Afghanistan between the same months in 2007 and

2008, when military officials estimate insurgent attacks rose about 25 percent. All told, insurgent violence

climbed 33 percent in 2008, they said.

The past week was the highest level of security incidents in Afghanistans history, at least that post-liberation

history, said Army General David Petraeus, who is responsible for military strategy in the Middle East and

Central Asia as the head of U.S. Central Command.

U.S.-led forces toppled Afghanistans former Taliban regime in 2001 after the September 11 attacks on NewYork and Washington, which U.S. officials say were planned from al Qaeda safe havens on Afghan territory.

There are some tough months ahead. Some of this (violence) will go up because we are going to go after their

sanctuaries and their safe havens as we must, Petraeus told a Washington forum in a presentation unrelated to

the ISAF report.

Accelerating violence could pose political risks for President Barack Obama, as his administration pours thou-

sands of fresh troops into Afghanistan as part of a larger strategy to thwart Taliban influence and stabilize the

war-torn nation.

Petraeus, whose strategic thinking is widely credited with rescuing Iraq from the brink of open civil war in

2007, is overseeing the military segment of the Obama strategy.

The United States has already increased its military presence in Afghanistan to 56,000 troops, from about

32,000 in late 2008, and Petraeus said he expects to see a total 68,000 troops in the war zone by autumn.Analysts have warned the counterinsurgency strategy could lead to sharply higher U.S. casualty rates, poten-

tially diminishing support for the war at home as members of Congress head into mid-term elections in 2010.

ISAF statistics show the number of insurgent attacks in May at 1,450 -surpassing the 1,400-mark for only the

second time since January 2007. Monthly attacks first topped 1,400 in August 2008. In May 2008, there were

944 insurgent attacks in Afghanistan, U.S. officials said.

The data include attacks on U.S. and NATO forces as well as Afghan military, police, government and civilian

targets.

Military officials blame the increase partly on a mild winter, which enabled Taliban and other insurgents to cross

freely into Afghanistan from safe havens in Pakistan.

1 of 2 6/11/09 7:53 PM Afghan insurgent violence accelerates in 2009 | Reuters.com http://www.reuters.com/art

iclePrint?articleId=USN1152158320...But rising violence was also driven by heightened NATO and Afghan military operations, which increased by

about one-third from January through May, ISAF said.

The ISAF report showed a 78 percent jump in attacks from January through May in southern Afghanistan,

where most of the additional U.S. troops are headed.

Attacks climbed 41 percent in eastern Afghanistan, which lies across the border from militant safe havens in

Pakistans Federally Administered Tribal Areas.

ISAF said attacks were also 73 percent higher in western Afghanistan, where the U.S. military has been em-

broiled in a controversy over civilian deaths that occurred during U.S. air strikes in Farah province in early May.

The report said direct-fire attacks rose 61 percent in the first five months of 2009, while attacks employing road-


1152158320...



By David MorganWASHINGTON (Reuters) - Insurgent violence in Afghanistan has accelerated sharply alongside the arrival of

new U.S. troops, reaching its highest level since 2001 just last week, U.S. officials said on Thursday.









Central Asia as the head of U.S. Central Command.U.S.-led forces toppled Afghanistans former Taliban regime in 2001 after the September 11 attacks on New

York and Washington, which U.S. officials say were planned from al Qaeda safe havens on Afghan territory.



the ISAF report.



war-torn nation.




32,000 in late 2008, and Petraeus said he expects to see a total 68,000 troops in the war zone by autumn.

Analysts have warned the counterinsurgency strategy could lead to sharply higher U.S. casualty rates, poten-






targets.




iclePrint?articleId=USN1152158320...

But rising violence was also driven by heightened NATO and Afghan military operations, which increased by








The report said direct-fire attacks rose 61 percent in the first five months of 2009, while attacks employing road


15/20


16/20

Afghaninsurgentviolenceacceleratesin2009|Reuters.comhttp://www.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=USN

1152158320...

Print|Closethiswindow

ThuJun11,20097:39pmEDT

ByDavidMorgan

WASHINGTON(Reuters)-InsurgentviolenceinAfghanistanhasacceleratedsharplyalongsidethearrivalof

newU.S.troops,reachingitshighestlevelsince2001justlastweek,U.S.officialssaidonThursday.Insurgentattackssoared59percentto5,222incidentsfromJanuarythroughMay,comparedwith3,283attacks

inthefirstfivemonthsof2008,accordingtoU.S.militaryofficialsandexcerptsofareportbyNATOsInterna-

tionalSecurityAssistanceForceobtainedbyReuters.

ThatismorethandoublethegrowthrateforviolenceinAfghanistanbetweenthesamemonthsin2007and

2008,whenmilitaryofficialsestimateinsurgentattacksroseabout25percent.Alltold,insurgentviolence

climbed33percentin2008,theysaid.

ThepastweekwasthehighestlevelofsecurityincidentsinAfghanistanshistory,atleastthatpost-liberation

history,saidArmyGeneralDavidPetraeus,whoisresponsibleformilitarystrategyintheMiddleEastand

CentralAsiaastheheadofU.S.CentralCommand.

U.S.-ledforcestoppledAfghanistansformerTalibanregimein2001aftertheSeptember11attacksonNew

YorkandWashington,whichU.S.officialssaywereplannedfromalQaedasafehavensonAfghanterritory.Therearesometoughmonthsahead.Someofthis(violence)willgoupbecausewearegoingtogoaftertheir

sanctuariesandtheirsafehavensaswemust,PetraeustoldaWashingtonforuminapresentationunrelatedto

theISAFreport.

AcceleratingviolencecouldposepoliticalrisksforPresidentBarackObama,ashisadministrationpoursthou-

sandsoffreshtroopsintoAfghanistanaspartofalargerstrategytothwartTalibaninfluenceandstabilizethe

war-tornnation.

Petraeus,whosestrategicthinkingiswidelycreditedwithrescuingIraqfromthebrinkofopencivilwarin

2007,isoverseeingthemilitarysegmentoftheObamastrategy.

TheUnitedStateshasalreadyincreaseditsmilitarypresenceinAfghanistanto56,000troops,fromabout

32,000inlate2008,andPetraeussaidheexpectstoseeatotal68,000troopsinthewarzonebyautumn.

AnalystshavewarnedthecounterinsurgencystrategycouldleadtosharplyhigherU.S.casualtyrates,poten-

tiallydiminishingsupportforthewarathomeasmembersofCongressheadintomid-termelectionsin2010.

ISAFstatisticsshowthenumberofinsurgentattacksinMayat1,450-surpassingthe1,400-markforonlythe

secondtimesinceJanuary2007.Monthlyattacksfirsttopped1,400inAugust2008.InMay2008,therewere

944insurgentattacksinAfghanistan,U.S.officialssaid.

ThedataincludeattacksonU.S.andNATOforcesaswellasAfghanmilitary,police,governmentandcivilian

targets.

Militaryofficialsblametheincreasepartlyonamildwinter,whichenabledTalibanandotherinsurgentstocross

freelyintoAfghanistanfromsafehavensinPakistan.

1of26/11/097:53PMAfghaninsurgentviolenceacceleratesin2009|Reuters.comhttp://www.reuters.com/art


ButrisingviolencewasalsodrivenbyheightenedNATOandAfghanmilitaryoperations,whichincreasedby

aboutone-thirdfromJanuarythroughMay,ISAFsaid. TheISAFreportshoweda78percentjumpinattacksfromJanuarythroughMayinsouthernAfghanistan,

wheremostoftheadditionalU.S.troopsareheaded.

Attacksclimbed41percentineasternAfghanistan,whichliesacrosstheborderfrommilitantsafehavensin

PakistansFederallyAdministeredTribalAreas.

ISAFsaidattackswerealso73percenthigherinwesternAfghanistan,wheretheU.S.militaryhasbeenem-

broiledinacontroversyoverciviliandeathsthatoccurredduringU.S.airstrikesinFarahprovinceinearlyMay.

Thereportsaiddirect-fireattacksrose61percentinthefirstfivemonthsof2009,whileattacksemployingroad


1152158320...



ByDavidMorgan


newU.S.troops,reachingitshighestlevelsince2001justlastweek,U.S.officialssaidonThursday.

Insurgentattackssoared59percentto5,222incidentsfromJanuarythroughMay,comparedwith3,283attacks










YorkandWashington,whichU.S.officialssaywereplannedfromalQaedasafehavensonAfghanterritory. Therearesometoughmonthsahead.Someofthis(violence)willgoupbecausewearegoingtogoaftertheir


theISAFreport.



war-tornnation.





AnalystshavewarnedthecounterinsurgencystrategycouldleadtosharplyhigherU.S.casualtyrates,poten-tiallydiminishingsupportforthewarathomeasmembersofCongressheadintomid-termelectionsin2010.





targets.





ButrisingviolencewasalsodrivenbyheightenedNATOandAfghanmilitaryoperations,whichincreasedbyaboutone-thirdfromJanuarythroughMay,ISAFsaid.

TheISAFreportshoweda78percentjumpinattacksfromJanuarythroughMayinsouthernAfghanistan,






Thereportsaiddirect-fireattacksrose61percentinthefirstfivemonthsof2009,whileattacksemployingroad Afghaninsurgentviolenceacceleratesin2009|Reuters.comhttp://www.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=USN

1152158320...



ByDavidMorgan













YorkandWashington,whichU.S.officialssaywereplannedfromalQaedasafehavensonAfghanterritory.

Therearesometoughmonthsahead.Someofthis(violence)willgoupbecausewearegoingtogoaftertheir


theISAFreport.



war-tornnation.





AnalystshavewarnedthecounterinsurgencystrategycouldleadtosharplyhigherU.S.casualtyrates,poten-tiallydiminishingsupportforthewarathomeasmembersofCongressheadintomid-termelectionsin2010.





targets.





ButrisingviolencewasalsodrivenbyheightenedNATOandAfghanmilitaryoperations,whichincreasedbyaboutone-thirdfromJanuarythroughMay,ISAFsaid.









1152158320...



ByDavidMorgan

WASHINGTON(Reuters)-InsurgentviolenceinAfghanistanhasacceleratedsharplyalongsidethearrivalofnewU.S.troops,reachingitshighestlevelsince2001justlastweek,U.S.officialssaidonThursday.










U.S.-ledforcestoppledAfghanistansformerTalibanregimein2001aftertheSeptember11attacksonNewYorkandWashington,whichU.S.officialssaywereplannedfromalQaedasafehavensonAfghanterritory.



theISAFreport.



war-tornnation.




32,000inlate2008,andPetraeussaidheexpectstoseeatotal68,000troopsinthewarzonebyautumn.AnalystshavewarnedthecounterinsurgencystrategycouldleadtosharplyhigherU.S.casualtyrates,poten-






targets.




iclePrint?articleId=USN1152158320... ButrisingviolencewasalsodrivenbyheightenedNATOandAfghanmilitaryoperations,whichincreasedby

aboutone-thirdfromJanuarythroughMay,ISAFsaid.









17/20


1152158320...



By David Morgan

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Insurgent violence in Afghanistan has accelerated sharply alongside the arrival of

new U.S. troops, reaching its highest level since 2001 just last week, U.S. officials said on Thursday.Insurgent attacks soared 59 percent to 5,222 incidents from January through May, compared with 3,283 attacks









U.S.-led forces toppled Afghanistans former Taliban regime in 2001 after the September 11 attacks on New




the ISAF report.



war-torn nation.






tially diminishing support for the war at home as members of Congress head into mid-term elections in 2010.ISAF statistics show the number of insurgent attacks in May at 1,450 -surpassing the 1,400-mark for only the




targets.






about one-third from January through May, ISAF said.The ISAF report showed a 78 percent jump in attacks from January through May in southern Afghanistan,








1152158320...



By David Morgan












York and Washington, which U.S. officials say were planned from al Qaeda safe havens on Afghan territory.There are some tough months ahead. Some of this (violence) will go up because we are going to go after their


the ISAF report.



war-torn nation.





Analysts have warned the counterinsurgency strategy could lead to sharply higher U.S. casualty rates, poten-tially diminishing support for the war at home as members of Congress head into mid-term elections in 2010.





targets.





But rising violence was also driven by heightened NATO and Afghan military operations, which increased byabout one-third from January through May, ISAF said.







The report said direct-fire attacks rose 61 percent in the first five months of 2009, while attacks employing roadAfghan insurgent violence accelerates in 2009 | Reuters.com http://www.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=USN

1152158320...



By David Morgan















the ISAF report.



war-torn nation.











targets.














1152158320...



By David Morgan















the ISAF report.



war-torn nation.










targets.




iclePrint?articleId=USN1152158320...But rising violence was also driven by heightened NATO and Afghan military operations, which increased by










18/20


1152158320...



By David Morgan














the ISAF report.



war-torn nation.











targets.















1152158320...



By David Morgan
















the ISAF report.



war-torn nation.










targets.












The report said direct-fire attacks rose 61 percent in the first five months of 2009, while attacks employing roadAfghan insurgent violence accelerates in 2009 | Reuters.com http://www.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=USN

1152158320...



By David Morgan















the ISAF report.



war-torn nation.










targets.














1152158320...



By David Morgan














the ISAF report.



war-torn nation.










targets.

Military officials blame the increase partly on a mild winter, which enabled Taliban and other insurgents to cros











broiled in a controversy over civilian deaths that occurred during U.S. air strikes in Farah province in early May



19/20


1152158320...



ByDavidMorgan



Insurgentattackssoared59percentto5,222incidentsfromJanuarythroughMay,comparedwith3,283attacks inthefirstfivemonthsof2008,accordingtoU.S.militaryofficialsandexcerptsofareportbyNATOsInterna-










Therearesometoughmonthsahead.Someofthis(violence)willgoupbecausewearegoingtogoaftertheirsanctuariesandtheirsafehavensaswemust,PetraeustoldaWashingtonforuminapresentationunrelatedto

theISAFreport.



war-tornnation.






tiallydiminishingsupportforthewarathomeasmembersofCongressheadintomid-termelectionsin2010.ISAFstatisticsshowthenumberofinsurgentattacksinMayat1,450-surpassingthe1,400-markforonlythe




targets.






aboutone-thirdfromJanuarythroughMay,ISAFsaid.TheISAFreportshoweda78percentjumpinattacksfromJanuarythroughMayinsouthernAfghanistan,








1152158320...



ByDavidMorgan


newU.S.troops,reachingitshighestlevelsince2001justlastweek,U.S.officialssaidonThursday.Insurgentattackssoared59percentto5,222incidentsfromJanuarythroughMay,comparedwith3,283attacks










YorkandWashington,whichU.S.officialssaywereplannedfromalQaedasafehavensonAfghanterritory.Therearesometoughmonthsahead.Someofthis(violence)willgoupbecausewearegoingtogoaftertheir


theISAFreport.



war-tornnation.











targets.













Thereportsaiddirect-fireattacksrose61percentinthefirstfivemonthsof2009,whileattacksemployingroad Afghaninsurgentviolenceacceleratesin2009|Reuters.comhttp://www.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=USN

1152158320...



ByDavidMorgan

WASHINGTON(Reuters)-InsurgentviolenceinAfghanistanhasacceleratedsharplyalongsidethearrivalofnewU.S.troops,reachingitshighestlevelsince2001justlastweek,U.S.officialssaidonThursday.










U.S.-ledforcestoppledAfghanistansformerTalibanregimein2001aftertheSeptember11attacksonNewYorkandWashington,whichU.S.officialssaywereplannedfromalQaedasafehavensonAfghanterritory.



theISAFreport.



war-tornnation.




32,000inlate2008,andPetraeussaidheexpectstoseeatotal68,000troopsinthewarzonebyautumn.AnalystshavewarnedthecounterinsurgencystrategycouldleadtosharplyhigherU.S.casualtyrates,poten-






targets.















1152158320...



ByDavidMorgan WASHINGTON(Reuters)-InsurgentviolenceinAfghanistanhasacceleratedsharplyalongsidethearrivalof















theISAFreport.



war-tornnation.











targets.




iclePrint?articleId=USN1152158320...ButrisingviolencewasalsodrivenbyheightenedNATOandAfghanmilitaryoperations,whichincreasedby










20/20

Documents

Rcp-ml2k Issue1 Summer 2009