rcsoc.spbu.ru · ii ГЛАВНЫЙ РЕДАКТОР Данила Евгеньевич Расков (СПбГУ) ОТВЕТСТВЕННЫЙ РЕДАКТОР Денис Валентинович

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THE ALMANAC OF THE CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF ECONOMIC CULTURE

“ECONOMICS OF VICES AND VIRTUES”. SPECIAL ISSUEFACULTY OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCESST. PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITYST. PETERSBURG. 2016

CHIEF EDITOR OF THE ALMANAC Danila Raskov (St. Petersburg State University)

EXECUTIVE EDITOR OF THE ALMANAC Denis Kadochnikov (St. Petersburg State University)

EDITORIAL ASSISTANT OF THE ALMANAC Alina Yashina (St. Petersburg State University)

EDITORIAL BOARD Vyacheslav Volchik (Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don) Arjo Klamer (Erasmus University, the Netherlands) Aleksei Kudrin (St. Petersburg State University) Deirdre McCloskey (University of Illinois at Chicago, USA) Rustem Nureev (Higher School of Economics) Alexander Pogrebnyak (St. Petersburg State University) Ivan Rozmainsky (St. Petersburg State University) Leonid Shirokorad (St. Petersburg State University)

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The Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences of St. Petersburg State University

The Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences of St.PPeters-burg State University is the first educational program in Russia based upon the principles of liberal education. Established in STT] by St.PPetersburg State University and Bard College (USA) the program, earlier known as Smolny College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, current-ly brings together about Y[[ students from Russia and other countries and more than S[[ high-skilled faculty members. The program is one of the longest-lasting and the most edective projects in the history of Russia—US academic cooperation. The graduates are awarded two diplomas — those from St.PPetersburg State University and from Bard College.

The Faculty, founded in \[SS on the basis of Smolny College, is currently headed by Aleksei Kudrin, well-known economist and statesman (http://artesliberales.spbu.ru).

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About the Almanac

The Center for the Study of Economic Culture (CSEC) of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences of St.PPeters-burg State University aims to investigate the linkages between economy and culture, or, in other words, the re-lationship between economic phenomena and political, so-cial and cultural environment. The Center strives not to constraint its research by adhering to any specific meth-odology, but is open to a multitude of approaches. One of the important tasks of the Center is to create a interdis-ciplinary dialogue between economists, philosophers, so-ciologists, and historians of diderent schools and views.

Addressing the relationship of economy and culture implies the inclusion into the research agenda of the fol-lowing themes: the critique of the axiological founda-tions and implicit assumptions of modern economic theo-ry; the argumentation of heterodox schools of economics (post-Keynesian, Marxist, institutionalist); the study of economics as a humanitarian discipline; the role of culture and values in economic development; economic culture of specific countries and regions; the relationship of econo-my and religion; economy and arts; philosophical and ar-tistic reflections on economic issues.

The almanac is an open platform for discussion of these issues. Its goal is to involve representatives of various so-cial and humanitarian disciplines into the discussion of the phenomenon of economic culture as well to bring their views to a broader audience. Papers presented in this Al-manac have been earlier discussed at conferences and seminars on economics and culture organized by CSEC at the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences of St.PPeters-burg State University.

viii

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x

C O N T E N T S

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

Constructing a City of the Future

D.PKadochnikov. Megaprojects and the Economic Culture of the City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z

T.PLukicheva. Hosting Major Sporting Events as Means of Location Promotion and Developing Strategy of Territory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \U

A.PPogrebnyak. Saint Petersburg: Between Utopia and Heterotopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T

City and New Technologies

N.POding, L.PSavulkin. City, Innovation and Utilization of Human Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . YU

O.PPachenkov, A.PYashina, D.PShchukin, A.PNenko, A.PVerkeev, J.PPlatonova. E/06) ?/+/.-3,) 23/&/$,3, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ][

G.PTulchinskii. Megalopolis: the Population Density, the Trust Problem, and Blockchain . . . . . . . . . . . S_S

City in the Cultural Space

M.PVorobyova. Movies, Tourism and Economy: On the Representation of Venice in Movies of HIIJ–KJJJs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SÙ

D.PKadochnikov. Language Policy and Urban Economy: A Review of Federal and Saint Petersburg Legal Acts . . SY]

xi

Urban Environment

I.PAnisimov. City-Forming Objects and the Topology of the City Space of Saint Petersburg . . . . . . . . . . . . SZ[

A.PDubyansky. The Structuring of Urban Space . . . . . . . \SS

A.PPogrebnyak. Modern Metropolis: the Dialectics of the Sacred and the Profane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \\T

Human Dimension of a City

Yu.PVeselov, J.PJin. Saint Petersburg in the Mirror of Comparative Sociology of Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . .\`Z

S.PMagagnoli. From the Market to the Living Room. The Role of the Urban Dimension in Producing Typicality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\UT

D.PPushkina. Saint Petersburg in the KHst Century through the9Eyes of Its Residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \Z]

I.PRozmainsky. Urbanization and Uncertainty: Post Keynesian Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _`\

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* * *

MEGAPROJECTS AND THE ECONOMIC CULTURE OF THE CITY

DENIS KADOCHNIKOV (e-mail: [email protected]) Faculty of lib-eral arts and sciences of Saint Petersburg State University and Interna-tional Centre for Social and Economic Research “Leontief Centre”.

In the last few decades, megaprojects have become a kind of hallmark of the fast-growing economies in the world, a symbol of the economic po-tential and of ambitions of countries and cities. This trend is not alien to Russia and its largest cities, including Saint Petersburg. The paper dis-cusses the distinctive features of megaprojects and their role in the mod-ern world, as well as the characteristics and problems of the realization of megaprojects in Saint Petersburg.

Keywords: megaproject, Saint Petersburg, symbolism, economic development.

JEL: RL, RN, ZLP

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Cecil Amanda K., Fu Yao-Yi, Wang Suosheng, Avgoustis Sotiris H. (PVVL) Exploring Resident Awareness of Cultural Tourism and Its Impact on Quality of Life. European Journal of Tourism Research. Vol.5 K. No.5K. P.5`M–WN.

Hritz N., Ross C. (PVKV) The Perceived Impacts of Sport Tourism: An Ur-ban Host Community Perspective. Journal of Sport Management. Vol.5PW. P.5KKM–K`L.

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Liu D., Wilson R. (PVKW) The negative impacts of hosting mega-sporting

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events and intention to travel: a test of the crowding-out egect using the London PVKP Games as an example. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship. Vol.5KO. Issue `. P.5KP–PN.

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Solberg H.UA., Preuss H. (PVVd) Major Sport Events and Long-Term Tou-rism Impacts. Journal of Sport Management. Vol.5PK. P.5PK`–PP`.

* * *

HOSTING MAJOR SPORTING EVENTS AS MEANS OF LOCATION PROMOTION AND DEVELOPING STRATAGY OF TERRITORY

TATIANA LUKICHEVA (e-mail: [email protected]) Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics of Saint Petersburg State University.

The purpose of this article is to identify opportunities and threats to the socioeconomic development of the region hosting a major international sporting event. Both positive and negative, short term and long term so-cioeconomic egects of the territory hosting an event are identified. It is suggested to strategically link these egects to overall regional develop-ment objectives using a new territorial marketing approach. Hosting a mega-event would be one of the stages of the integrated territorial mar-keting campaign which is not only designed to bring short-term benefits to the region, but is also incorporated in the region’s strategic high-level plan to work towards its’ long term goals. Therefore, an event promotion has to have a well-defined set of objectives focusing not only on the ex-ternal target groups and international/national level marketing, but also covering regional level and cross-regional cooperation.

Keywords: marketing, marketing strategy, promotion, relationship mar-keting, economic development, regional economy.

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* * *

SAINT PETERSBURG: BETWEEN UTOPIA AND HETEROTOPIA

ALEXANDER POGREBNYAK (e-mail: [email protected]) Saint Petersburg State University.

This article is an attempt to understand the phenomenon of Saint Pe-tersburg and its economic culture in the context of Michel Foucault’s con-ceptual opposition «utopia—heterotopias». As a historical background of Saint Petersburg is used an unfinished utopian novel «DEEF Year» of Vla-dimir Odoyevski. As a specific example of the current changes, the au-thor analyses the project of building the Innograd of Science and Tech-nologies (including campuses for Saint Petersburg State University and ITMO University) to the south of the city.

Keywords: Saint Petersburg, utopia, heterotopia, Cartesianism.

JEL: H4, R0

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JEL: R50, E22, O31

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CITY , INNOVATION AND UTILIZATION OF HUMAN POTENTIAL

NINA ODING (e-mail: [email protected]) International Centre for Social and Economic Research “Leontief Centre”

LEV SAVULKIN (e-mail: [email protected]) International Centre for Social and Economic Research “Leontief Centre”

The article presents an analysis of the impact of cities on the innovative development and use of human potential. The influence of the cities and the concentration of economic activity in the dijusion of innovation and the formation of an innovative learning environment. The influence of the in-tensity of these processes in Russia. Described specific examples attempts to create innovation centers in areas of influence of the largest Russian cities. Possible scenarios of innovative development in the Russian cities.

Keywords: innovation, innovation systems, dijusion of innovation, lear-ning innovation environment

JEL: R50, E22, O31

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Q$SS-'+ U. (QYYY) `9+"$% )'.,#. O.c>0$ _. (QYYY) L#/:-9#"$ -;,#4#:1)#"$: 9'A/+,-+ "09$51. O. C.;Rc[–SSZ.d5+%. a. (Rbbc). E9#)' ,#;>'9'/. O.d$+0N5M&'+ _., <4$+)$ Q. (QYYY) K-#.+4"-4# &9'()+*+,-%. !'<-%.Algar R. (RbbZ) Collaborative consumption. Leisure Report. Vol.;e. P.;ZR–cS.Belk R. (RbQb) Sharing. Journal of consumer research. Vol.;Sd. No;[. P.;ZQ[–

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ment social capital? Social networks, participation, and community commitment. American behavioral scientist. Vol.;e[. No;S. P.;eSd–e[[.

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* * *

NEW URBAN ECONOMIES

OLEG PACHENKOV (e-mail: [email protected]) PhD in Social Sciences, director of the Center for Applied Research EU SPb, resear-cher at the Center for Independent Social Research.ALINA YASHINA (e-mail: [email protected]) PhD in Political Science, researcher, Saint Petersburg State University.DENIS SHCHUKIN (e-mail: [email protected]) PhD, assistant of the Department of Ethics, Saint Petersburg State University.ALEXANDRA NENKO (e-mail: [email protected]) PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor of the Institute of Design and Urban, Institute of Design, and Urban, Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Saint Petersburg.ARSENY VERKEEV (e-mail: [email protected]) Bachelor of Arts and Hu-man Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University.JULIA PLATONOVA (e-mail: [email protected]) Bachelor of Arts and Hu -man Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University.

The article is devoted to the research of new economies and economic re-lations, which are associated with the development of information techno-logies and the emergence of such forms as sharing economy, collaborative economy, etc. The authors conducted a pilot study and comparative ana-lysis of diterent projects in the sphere of sharing economy and tried to identify the «new economy», its specific features and peculiarity. The re-sult of the study is an analysis-based conclusion that the «new economy» is a phenomenon that pervades everything, and in perspective, it is able to change basic systems of social relations — human, economic, cultural and perhaps political. Besides, the article argues for replacing the term «new economy» with more convenient and precise «economy of new re-lations» and suggests an approach to the analysis of the newly emerging economic relations.

Keywords: sharing economy, collaborative consumption, economic relations, exchange, gift exchange, capitalism, economic sociology.

JEL: O3, Z13

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Street Books.

* * *

MEGALOPOLIS: THE POPULATION DENSITY, THE TRUST PROBLEM, AND BLOCKCHAIN

GRIGORII TULCHINSKII ([email protected]) National Research University “Higher School of Economics” — St._Pe-tersburg; Faculty of liberal arts and sciences of Saint Petersburg Sta-te University.

The article discusses the implications of the trend of civilization, which is associated with a concentration of population in metropolitan areas, as well as the intensity of communication. Such consequences are paradoxi-cal: the density of population growth and the growing fragmentation; the availability of information and the divergence of society, the formation of self-sujcient communities; the intensity of communications and greater distrust, intolerance, aggression; quality of life and increasing horrorizati-on. Perspectives may be associated with new Internet technologies, which themselves are a new civilization challenges for law, morality and politics.

Keywords: blockchain, communication, horror, metropolis, trust

JEL: A13, O15, R00, Z13

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K1-:/ L. (:;;;) L#@0##$+2 @%@ %+%-4%)* A@2-291@1 // F%@#19@%. g S. T.":–S [http://www.guelman.ru/maksimka/nS/kunst.htm].

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* * *

MOVIES, TOURISM AND ECONOMY: ON THE REPRESENTATION OF VENICE IN MOVIES OF 1990–2000-S

MARIYA VOROBYOVA (e-mail: [email protected]) Ural State University of Economics (Yekaterinburg, Russia).

Results of a comprehensive analysis of Venice representation in the mo-vies of :;;<–=<<<-s are presented in the article. An interconnection bet-ween images of the city in contemporary cinema and development of ex-perience economy, services for tourist industry and gravity of movies to economimesis is established. Venice’s cultural capital is extensively used by cinematography to appeal audience but at the same time it attracts tou-rists to this iconic place.

Keywords: Venice; film industry, fiction movies; tourism, experience eco-nomy, economimesis

JEL: A13, D80, Z11, Z30

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d)2-.%/ I. (MNL]) !"#$%&'( )%*+,+$' $%-)'5++ +<74)/@ &/2/5+( 0+"5/-4'. n&6%)/34$+3 %)#, // C/4,5+$ [%4$%&4$%;% ;%472'64,&/55%;% *+5;&+4,+:/4$%;% 75+&/64+,/,'. h O. D.<LXg–LWX.

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Ginsburgh, V., Weber, S. (MNLL) Economics of Linguistic Diversity. Prin-ceton University Press.

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Ginsburgh, V., Weber, S. (eds.) (MNLO) The Palgrave Handbook of Econo-mics and Language. NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Gradirovski S., Esipova N. (MNNX) Russia’s Language Could Be Ticket in for Migrants. Gallup.com. November MX [http://www.gallup.com/poll/LLMMgN/russias-language-could-ticket-migrants.aspx].

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* * *

LANGUAGE POLICY AND URBAN ECONOMY : A REVIEW OF FEDERAL AND SAINT PETERSBURG LEGAL ACTS

DENIS KADOCHNIKOV ([email protected]) Faculty of liberal arts and sciences of Saint Petersburg State Universi-ty and International Centre for Social and Economic Research “Leon-tief Centre”.

Language policy can be an eoective tool for socio-economic development at city and country levels, as evidenced by research in the field of econo-mic theory of language. Removing language barriers, which economists view as a particular case of market barriers, ensure the expansion of mar-kets available to both producers and consumers. On the other hand, the increase of potential markets, the access to which relies on a specific lan-guage is the best way to increase the demand for this language; in this case economic factors ensure the success of the language policy. This pa-per is an attempt to find out the extent to which the potential of langua-ge policy as a development tool is implemented in legal acts of Saint Pe-tersburg and Russia as a whole.

Keywords: language, language policy, megalopolis, Russia, Saint Pe-tersburg, economic development

JEL: B4, N3, Z1

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* * *

CITY-FORMING OBJECTS AND THE TOPOLOGY OF THE CITY SPACE OF SAINT PETERSBURG

IVAN ANISIMOV (e-mail: [email protected]) Real-estate-market specialist-consultant, Saint Petersburg.

The paper reviews conditions of the city space formation. The author dis-tinguishes concepts of city-forming object and city-forming event, con-siders placement of the city-forming objects in the city, correlates them with the concepts of city space and city environment and reveals the pat-terns of the placement of city-forming objects on the example of Saint Pe-tersburg. On the basis of the patterns, revealed by the author, conclusions about tendencies and perspectives of the city-development are made, also recommendations about town-planning policy are done.

Keywords: city, city-forming, city space, city environment, city-forming object, topology, territorial development

JEL: R11, R12

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JEL: R14, R58, N90

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ture. October LS.Boschma R., Iammarino S. (LMMN) Related variety and regional growth in

Italy. SPRU Electronic Working Paper Series. University of Essex. Paper No.8S^L. P.8LN.

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* * *

THE STRUCTURING OF URBAN SPACE

ALEXANDER DUBYANSKY (e-mail [email protected]) Saint Petersburg State University.

This article deals with the problem of structuring urban space. In the modern city in its development process, deformation of the urban space, which leads to deterioration of the urban environment. Primarily this is manifested in the separation of dixerent urban areas independent urban units. However, the essence of the city is its connectivity in a single unit. The author oxers the basis for structuring the urban environment to put the principle of quarterly development, which, in his opinion, will help to preserve the unity of urban space.

Keywords: city, clustering, city block, related variety, city district, neigh-borhood, revitalization of cities

JEL: R14, R58, N90

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* * *

MODERN METROPOLIS: THE DIALECTICS OF THE SACRED AND THE PROFANE

ALEXANDER POGREBNYAK (e-mail: [email protected]) Saint Petersburg State University.

In this article economic culture of the modern metropolis is considered from the standpoint of the dialectics of the sacred and the profane. The concept of it was proposed by Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben. According to this concept, the logic of modern economic structure (or4“dispositive”) is based on a complex set of relationships, which combines juridical, re-ligious and political processes. When we are talking about municipal go-verning, the problem of public spaces comes to the fore. Nowadays public spaces are becoming less open and accessible, in other words they’re ta-king the features of sacredness. Is the profane using of such objects (for example, city parks) possible — and necessary — today? And if so, what would mean such a practice?

Keywords: city, sacred, profanation, dispositif, city park, public space

JEL: H4, R0

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W%+/1 +%8/$%1/8= (CDEC a) Metro — a$% *69$ 1%''/98* 8("%0*6 [http://ro-mir.ru/press/RDM_CC.ED.CDEC].

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Goody J. (EORC) Cooking, Cuisine and Class: A Study in Comparative So-ciology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Langer G. (CDDM) POLL: What Americans Eat for Breakfast? [http://abc-news.go.com/GMA/PollVault/story?id=QFCFRM].

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* * *

SAINT PETERSBURG IN THE MIRROR OF COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY OF FOOD

YURI VESELOV ([email protected]) Faculty of sociology of Saint Petersburg State University (Saint Pe-tersburg, Russia).

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JUNKAI JIN (e-mail: [email protected]) Faculty of sociology of Saint Petersburg State University (Saint Pe-tersburg, Russia).

This article aims to describe the following issues: what do Russians, espe-cially including residents of Saint Petersburg, usually eat; what are their taste preferences, their attitude towards food; where do they eat, with whom, and what time of a day; how does their diet a}ect public health. In this article, statistical analysis of food consumption is supplemented with our empirical study on diet of Saint Petersburg residents, which was con-ducted in Saint Petersburg in CDEF. Particular attention is paid to compa-rative analysis of food consumption in Saint Petersburg and cities of the USA and China.

Keywords: sociology of food, food, comparative analysis of food

JEL: A14, I12, L83, Z13

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Magagnoli Stefano (VWSX) Made in Eataly. The Spread of the Italian Way of Eating in the World: Original Products, Counterfeiting and Ita-lian Sounding, paper presented at the Xth Asian Food Study Confe-rence (AFSC), Ritsumeikan (JP), L–c December.

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* * *

FROM THE MARKET TO THE LIVING ROOM THE ROLE OF THE URBAN DIMENSION IN PRODUCING

TYPICALITY

STEFANO MAGAGNOLI (e-mail: [email protected]), University of Parma — Food Lab & FHNet

This paper examines the role of cities in the success of local products and the names of these products. It examines how urban organization is a key factor in codifying typicality, which gives many products a competitive edge on the market. A brief outline of the history of food in Europe shows that product and area of origin have been linked since medieval times. This process speeded up between S_th and Scth centuries, thanks to the gradu-al growth of large scale trade. So we may suppose that the urban market was the main incentive for codification of “territorial patronymics” of pro-ducts. In the same way it helped to build a gastronomic culture, by ensu-ring the trade of resources and meeting of new local identities. It also en-couraged the exchange and sharing of recipes, which were the true driver of local reputations and new food hybridization.

Keywords: typical products, agrifood marketing, product reputation.

JEL: N34, N54, Q13

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Howard E., Osborn F.BJ. (IVQR) Garden Cities of To-Morrow. Mit Press. Vol."OU.

* * *

SAINT PETERSBURG IN THE 21ST CENTURY THROUGH THE EYES OF ITS RESIDENTS

DARYA PUSHKINA (e-mail: [email protected]) Faculty of liberal arts and sciences of Saint Petersburg State University.

There are many debates at present on development trajectory for Saint Pe-tersburg. One can trace several theoretical concepts and plans about city development, growth, its urban planning. However, there is no solid stra-tegy about what city development that would satisfy residents, business and city protection movement should entail. How will Saint Petersburg de-velop? Where is the borderline between preservation of the city’s unique architecture and the city’s growth? This article is based on seven inter-views that author conducted with residents of Saint Petersburg. In the course of interviews, Saint Petersburg inhabitants commented on what Saint Petersburg is. What is unique about the city? What are possible di-rections for its development?

Keywords: Saint Petersburg, megapolis development

JEL: R1, R5, Z18

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URBANIZATION AND UNCERTAINTY: POST KEYNESIAN APPROACH

IVAN ROZMAINSKY (e-mail: [email protected]) National Research University Higher School of Economics.

The paper tries to analyze the processes of urbanization by means of Post Keynesian approach. This approach emphasizes the role of uncertainty and uncertainty-reducing institutions. The special attention is devoted to the consideration of deurbanization of some towns and regions in Post-Sovi-et Russia, and also larger involvement of the Russian citizens in the rural way of life that can be treated as a special form of deurbanization. Author believes that this deurbanization is concerned with the fact that institu-tions of contemporary Russian economy inesectively reduce uncertainty.

Keywords: urbanization, deurbanization, uncertainty, Post Keynesian eco-nomics, institutions

JEL: B50, E12, P00, P50, R00

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