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NEW FEEDSTOCK FOR BIOENERGY
RD&I AT EMBRAPA AGROENERGY
BIOENERGY WEEK
1- Introduction on the status of feedstock for Bioenergy production in Brazil
2- Research of Embrapa Agroenergy on alternative crops for biofuel production
3- Research on new fronts for the production of bioenergy
4- Research on residues as alternative for biofuels production
5- Concluding remarks
SUMMARY
Source: (Nogueira e Silva, 2005) & (Bearer-Rogers, 2001)
Biofuels – BrazilDiversifying Raw Materials
EMBRAPA AGROENERGY RD&I ON FEEDSTOCKS
JATROPHA CURCAS
JATROPHA CURCAS
• PERENIAL OIL PRODUCER PLANT WITH HIGH POTENTIAL FOR THE PRODUCTIONOF AVIATION BUIOFUELS, BIODIESEL AND OTHER PRODUCTS
Crop Potentialities
High yield of grains(> 4.500 kg/ha –9.000 Kg/ha)
High yield of oil(> 2.000 kg/ha –3.000 kg/ha)
High oil quality for BiodieselPalmitic 12,4%; Oleic 44,8%Linoleic 34%; Stearic 7,8%(C16 to C18) –(C10-C14)
Diversification of agriculture
Environment adaptation
Research Challenges
Need to broaden the genetic diversity
Lack of cultivars adapted to different areas
Lack of a production system
Uneven fruit ripening
Toxicity of the biomass residuals
Production cost
AGROCLIMATIC ZONING FOR Jatropha curcas
ESALQ (USP)
Genetic BreedingProduction System
Alternative uses forthe residues
Residuesdetoxification
RD&I ACTIONS ON Jatropha curcas
RESEARCH ACTIONS ON GENETIC BREEDING of Jatropha spp
- Improving Germoplasm bank
- Stablishment of Work Collections
- Molecular and morpho-agronomic characterization
- Prediction of parameters and genetic gain
- Selection and identification of genetic markers for breeding
- Superior genotypes selection
- Crossing (dialleles, factorials, ....)
- Stablishment of Breeding Populations
- Stablishment of a network for evaluating superior genotypes
- Production of comercial cultivars or clones
RESEARCH ACTIONS ON ALTERNATIVE USES FOR THE RESIDU ALS OF Jatropha spp
- Biofuel production (Pyrolysis; Transterification, Fermentation)
- Fertilizers (Rich in Nitrogen)
- Detoxification (Phisical, Chemical and Biological methods)
- Genetic Breeding (improved biomass production and atoxicity)
RESEARCH ACTIONS ON PRODUCTION SYSTEMSFOR Jatropha spp
Formation andconduction pruning Spacing
Growth Regulators Desease and insectcontrol
Fertilization
Harvest systems
+ 100 %
Superior genotypeselection
Fertilization
+ 300 %
Pruning
+ 40 %
Growth Regulators
+ 400 %
Disease Control
+ 50 %+ 100 %
PhenologyManagment
+ 40 %
Spacing
Other Pactices
+ ??? %
Production System
PRELIMINARY PRODUCTION SYSTEM“piecing together”
RD&I ACTIONS WITH PALM CROPS
MacaúbaBabaçu
Inajá Tucumã
RD&I ACTIONS WITH PALM PLANTS
FINEP/CNPq/MCTI
132 research activities
Oil Palm
OIL PALM(E. guineensis; E. oleifera)
Crop Potentialities
High yield of Bunchs(20 ton/ha/year)
High yield of oil(4 a 6.000 kg/ha)
High oil qualityPalmitic 44%; Oleic 39%Linoleic 11%; Stearic 4%(C16 to C18) –(C10-C14)
Diversification of agriculture
Environment adaptation
Research Challenges
Strengthening breeding program
Resistance to Bud Rot
High efficiency cloning system
Increase seed production
Reduced production cost
OIL PALM(E. guineensis; E. oleifera)
Source: DENPASA
1 ton of bunches
35 kg palm kernel cake(3,5%)
220 kg of Oil (22%)
25 kg of palm kernel Oil(2,5%)
220 kg empty bunches(Fertilization)
120 kg of fibers
50 kg of shell
1.330 kg effluent(Fertilization)
Products derived from the processing of bunches
Planted Area in Brazil
~ 200.000 ha (2012) + ~ 100.000 ha (2020)
Planted Area in Malasya
5.000.000 ha (2011/2012)
Legal Amazon production area316.760 Km2 (Tech level B)
31.676.012 ha(AC, AP, AM, PA, RO, RR, RD, MT)
CURRENT SITUATION OF GROWING OIL PALM IN BRAZIL
Legal Amazon production area316.760 Km2 (Tech level B)
31.676.012 ha(AC, AP, AM, PA, RO, RR, RD, MT)
PRODUCTION AREA IN OTHER STATES
AL BA PE
SE ES RJ
Brazilian Territorial Distribution851 million hectares
Why Brazil is not the largest world producer?
SIMPLE ANSWER
LACK OF SEEDS
Companies N. Seeds Value(US$) Area (ha)
Biopalma 8.478.400 8.643.486 43.257,14
Petrobrás 3.309.700 3.102.107 16.886,22
Palmatec 2.280.220 1.620.830 11.633,78
Agropalma 732.220 731.053 3.735,82
Mejer 648.160 243.365 3.306,94
Quantix 130.000 203.720 663,27
Palmasa 50.000 48.150 255,10
Marborges 30.000 54.000 153,06
Total 15.658.700 14.646.711 79.891,33
SEED IMPORT IN PARA STATE(2009/2011)
Fonte:MAPA
Ano 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
Expansion (1000 hectars) 50 60 70 80 90 100
Seed demand (millions) 8,5 10,2 11,9 13,6 15,3 17
Estimated annual growth of oil palm crop in Brazil
• Embrapa works with a projection of seed production expansion from 0,8 to 1million seeds produced in 2011 to a production of 10,5 million seeds in 2018
• This means that some seeds still have to be imported
• Considering that in 2011 an amount of 8,5 milhon seeds were imported
FUTURE SCENARIO
Year
OIL PALM GENETIC BREEDING
PROGRAM
Phenomics
Transcriptome
Genomics
1. Genome size of African and American oil palmand their hybrid;
2. Genetic Diversity of AGB of Caiauê (DArTs);
3. Repetitive sequencies;
4. WGS – Caiaué
5. Citogenetics – Physical mapping;
6. DArTs (molecular markers);
7. Genetic Map of Reference;
8. Reverse Genetics - Promoters;
9. Reverse Genetics- Genes;
10. Small RNAs
11. High Precision Phenotyping;
12. WGS – Dendê (OPGP);
13. Transcriptome Caiaué & Dendê (OPGP).
ACTIONS ON GENETICS AND GENOMICS OF OIL PALM
EMBRAPA AGORENERGY ACTIONS
ACTIONS ON GENETIC BREEDING OF OIL PALM
1) Conservation and characterization of genetic resources of Elaeis spp.;
2) Design and selection of breeding populations of Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis
oleifera;
3) Adaptation of breeding of Elaies spp. in order to meet the current and futuredemands for Palm Oil;
4) Implementation of complementary strategies and innovative biometrics,biotechnology and genomics to the GBP;
5) Provision of improved genetic materials of Elaeis for commercial andnoncommercial (public policy) objectives;
6) Establishing partnerships with the private sector through an appropriatecompetitive model;
7) To develop production systems for other potential biomes (irrigation, waterstress resistance, etc).
ACTIONS ON ALTERNATIVE USES FOR CO-PRODUCTS AND RESIDUES
1- Production of synthesis gas through glycerine gaseification process;
2- Production of synthesis gas from bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of oil palm residues;
3- Nano composites from the residue generated after oil extraction and other residues;
4- Process for obtaining carotenoids from residues of oil palm pressing;
6- Extraction of beta carotene from residues using mechanical and enzymatic process;
7- Selection of microorganisms able to produce lipases in a medium containing palm oil;
8- Chemical and biochemical processes for producing biofuels
RESEARCH ON THE POTENTIAL OF ALTERNATIVE CROPS
CROP POTENTIALITIES
- Potential for high yield of oil (4.000 kg/ha)
- Rusticity and adaptability to different climes
- Drough Tolerance (?)
- Evolution in dense areas (Resistance)
- Chance of sustainable harvesting
- Can be used in agroforestry systems
- Residues free of toxic compounds
RESEARCH CHALLENGES
- Lack of cultivars (Unknown genetic diversity)
- Lack of agronomic technology
- Germination problems
- Fruit production only after 4 to 5 years
- Tall plants (Dificulty of harvest)
- Harvest point x Uneven maturation
- Need for fast processing of fruits
MACAÚBA(Acrocomia aculeata; A. intumescens)
BABAÇUOrbignya spp.
CROP POTENTIALITIES
- Potential for high yield of oil (4.000 kg/ha)
- Rusticity and adaptability to different climes
- Drough Tolerance (?)
- Evolution in dense areas (Resistance)
- Chance of sustainable harvesting
- Can be used in agroforestry systems
- Residues free of toxic compounds
RESEARCH ACTIONS
1. To develop methodology for mapping babaçu populations using high resolution satelliteimaging in order to produce maps with the localization of the species;
2. To develop genetic and genomic tools for application in pre-breeding of babaçu;
3. To characterize genetically and cytogenetically species from the babaçu complex (A.
speciosa, A. eichleri e A. vitrivir);
4. To generate agronomic and biotechnology techniques for the propagation of babaçu;
5. To identify superior individuals in natural populations of the species complex of Babaçu(A. speciosa, A. eichleri, A. vitrivir), as well as germoplasm Bank of babaçu existent in
Embrapa;
6. To criate a AGB from natural populations in order to start a breeding programa for thecrop.
FEVILHAFevillea cordifolia
CROP POTENTIALITIES
- Potential for high yield of oil (4.000 kg/ha)
- Rusticity and adaptability to different climes
- Drough Tolerance (?)
- Evolution in dense areas (Resistance)
- Chance of sustainable harvesting
- Can be used in agroforestry systems
- Residues free of toxic compounds
1. Evaluation and selection of accesses of Fevillea spp. for oil content and agronomicaltraits of interest;
2. Taxonomic identification and cytogenetic characterization of Fevillea species;
3. Establishment of a system for in vitro regeneration of species of Fevillea by somaticembryogenesis;
4. Identification of molecular markers to access variability;
5. Establishment of production systems for different regions;
6. Studies to substantiate the basis for harvesting and post-harvesting of the crop;
7. To evaluate accesses of Fevillea spp. on their potential for biofuel production and todefine alternative uses for the co-products and residues.
RESEARCH ACTIONS
Short term
Soybean
Actions
Strengthening
production chain
Medium term
Oil palm
Canola
Sun flower
Castor beans
Others....
Actions
Strengthening
production chain
RD&I e TT
Long term
Macaúba
Other palms
Jatropha
Fevilha
Other....
Actions
RD&I
FEEDSTOCK AVAILABILITY
INCREASE IN THE OFFER OF SUSTANABLE BIOFUELS AND BIOMASS
Criteria:- Technological domain
- Production Scale
- Logistics
2013 2020 2030
NEW RESEARCH FRONTS
1) Microalgae
• Prospection of the Brazillian Biodiversity;
• Characterization of the potential of production of high value products for bioenergy
and fine chemistry;
• Genetics and genomics applied to transformation and genetic brreeding of potential
microalgae species;
• New uses for residues from microalgae production
2) High Resolution Phenotyping x Genomic Selection
• Establishing laboratory structure for high precision phenotyping;
• Validation of the phenotyping structure with model plants (corn, sorghum, sugarcane);
• Integration of the results of phenotyping with genetics and genomics to support
different breeding programs from Embrapa;
3) Biokerosene for commercial and military aviation
• Characterization of biomasses for production of biokerosene
• Development of processes for producing biofuel - "drop in”
4) Lyfe cycle analysis• Economic viability and sustainability of industrial processes
• Identify opportunities for environmental improvements
• Assist in strategic planning and decision making.
• Assist in the design of eco-products (ecodesign)
5) Sustainable management of multiple residues with the production of high value assets• Agricultural
• Agrindustrial
• Urban
NEW RESEARCH FRONTS
SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE
DISPOSAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITIES BY ADDING VALUE.
URBAN RESIDUES
RESEARCH FOCUSED ON TRANSFORMIG RESIDUES INTO HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS
BIO-OIL NEW BIOMATERIALS NEW POLYMERS CELLULOSE NANO FIBERS
WOOD RESIDUES ORGANIC RESIDUES
RESEARCH ON COMPOSTING
1- Development of enzyme mixtures to accelerate the composting process.
2- Development of new combinations of raw materials for composting.
3- Development of microrganisms mixtures to accelerate thecomposting process.
RESEARCH WITH FOCUS ON DEVELOPMENTOF PROCESSES FOR BIOREFINERY
FINE CHEMISTRY
BIOREFINERY
1ST GENERATIONETHANOL
2nd GENERATIONETHANOL
BIODIESEL
BIOKEROSENE
FARMACEUTICALS
ADITIVES
FERTILIZERS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS
2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY
3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES
4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED
5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS
6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)
7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION = INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION
CONCLUDING REMARKS
1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS
2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY
3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES
4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED
5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS
6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)
7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION = INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION
CONCLUDING REMARKS
1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS
2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY
3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES
4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED
5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS
6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)
7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION = INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION
CONCLUDING REMARKS
1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS
2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY
3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES
4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED
5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS
6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)
7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION = INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION
CONCLUDING REMARKS
1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS
2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY
3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES
4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED
5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS
6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)
7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION = INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION
CONCLUDING REMARKS
1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS
2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY
3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES
4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED
5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS
6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)
7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION = INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION
CONCLUDING REMARKS
1) SOYBEAN AND SUGAR CANE ALONE WILL NOT RESPOND TO THE DEMANDS OF ALL SECTORS
2) THERE ARE MANY ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIOENERGY
3) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES ARE AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORMING FEEDSTOCK AND RESIDUES
4) RESEARCH MUST CONTINUE TO ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK WHEN DEMANDED
5) URBAN RESIDUES ARE AN ENORMOUS SOURCE OF ENERGY AND OTHER VALUE PRODUCTS
6) SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY IS REACHED WITH DIVERSIFICATION(FOSSIL OIL, HIDROELETRIC, WIND, BIOFUELS, ETC…)
7) MORE DIVERSIFYED PRODUCTION => INCREASE IN SOCIAL INCLUSION
CONCLUDING REMARKS
