RE: SUPPLEMENTAL SITE INVESTIGATION WORK PLAN RCRA … · 3/23/2015 · CATAÑO TERMINAL CATAÑO, PUERTO RICO Dear Mr. Negron: This letter presents the proposed work plan for the

March 23, 2015

Mr. Luis Negron

US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2

Caribbean Environmental Protection Division

Centro Europa Building, Suite 417

1492 Ponce De Leon Avenue, Stop 22

San Juan, Puerto Rico 00907-4127

RE: SUPPLEMENTAL SITE INVESTIGATION WORK PLAN

RCRA DOCKET NO. 02-2011-7304

CATAÑO TERMINAL

CATAÑO, PUERTO RICO

Dear Mr. Negron:

This letter presents the proposed work plan for the former Shell Cataño Fuel Receiving, Storage,

and Distribution Terminal in Cataño/Guaynabo, Puerto Rico (Figure 1). URS completed a site

investigation in July 2014, which targeted the six active Areas of Concern (AOC 1 – AOC 6, see

Figure 2) including soil, groundwater, aquifer testing, and free phase hydrocarbon (FPH)

investigations. Based on the findings of the initial investigation (July 2014), supplemental

investigation activities are required. The overall purpose of this work plan is to outline the

strategy, methodology, and schedule for additional work required to fill data gaps identified

following the July 2014 site investigation, as outlined in the September 2014 (revised March

2015) Site Characterization Report (URS, 2015). This work plan describes the proposed

activities to fill data gaps within each AOC including well installation, soil and groundwater

sampling, FPH delineation, and FPH recoverability testing.

PRE-FIELD ACTIVITIES

The following steps will be performed in preparation for the field activities to ensure that this

investigation is carried out correctly and safely:

An access agreement will be obtained for wells proposed to be installed off-site.

The boring locations will be staked/marked for identification and reviewed with

PUMA Energy, the current site operator;

PUMA Energy personnel will be consulted to determine the locations of any

underground utilities in the area and the locations will be cleared with a one-call,

third party locator, and hand probed to 5 feet prior to drilling activity.

Page 2 of 8

The well installation will be coordinated with the drilling company personnel so

they may prepare in advance (e.g., equipment and staffing);

All equipment to be used during the event will be inspected, pre-cleaned, and

decontaminated in accordance with current waste management plans for the site;

All forms to be used in the field (e.g., field logbooks) will be assembled before

field activities commence;

Field personnel will review testing and sampling protocols; and

Health and safety protocols will be reviewed before field activities commence. In

addition, a Project Safety Analysis (PSA) meeting will be conducted prior to

commencement of work.

A Health and Safety Plan (HASP) was developed and will be utilized for the soil and

groundwater investigation work, and all field activities will be conducted in accordance with

the site-specific HASP. The HASP conforms to all Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA) requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120 and other applicable federal,

state, and local regulations. Prior to initiation of field activities, all field personnel will read

and sign the HASP to indicate they understand the plan and agree to operate in accordance

with its requirements. Daily health and safety meetings will be conducted prior to the start

of sampling activities, and all field sampling personnel will attend these meetings. A copy

of the HASP will be kept onsite.

FIELD ACTIVITIES

A groundwater gauging event will be conducted to measure depth to FPH (if present),

groundwater, and total well depth for all existing and newly installed monitoring wells at the

site. The existing monitoring well network is presented on Figure 3. Soil sampling for AOC

1 will be conducted as indicated in Table 1 and sampling requirements are indicated in

Table 2. All newly installed monitoring wells and the existing “PUMA” monitoring well

locations will be surveyed as indicated in Table 3. The constituents of concern (COCs) and

screening levels are summarized in Table 4. The proposed field activities are described in

the following sections.

AOC 1 (SHALLOW SOILS AT TANKS 6 & 7)

Soil sampling was performed in July 2014 in AOC 1 to confirm historical lead concentrations

and extent. Lead concentrations in soil collected from 0 to 2 feet below ground surface (bgs)

exceeded the Regional Screening Levels (RSL) for direct contact. Vertical delineation of

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impacted soil is not complete. Detections exceeding the RSL (800 mg/l) have been found down

to 2.5 feet bgs. However, samples collected at 4.5 feet bgs were detected below the RSL in some

areas.

Based on the results of the July 2014 sampling event, additional soil samples will be collected to

refine horizontal delineation and complete vertical delineation for the design of a remediation

strategy in AOC 1. Proposed soil sample locations are presented in Figure 4. Soil sampling will

consist of the collection and analysis of soil samples from 13 locations to complete delineation of

lead near Tanks 6 and 7. Lead samples will be collected from depths ranging from 0.5-1 feet

bgs, 2.0-2.5 feet bgs, and/or 4.0-4.5 feet bgs as indicated in Table 1 using a hand auger.

Analytical methods, sample containers, preservation method and maximum holding time

requirements for the samples are presented in Table 2. Sampling procedures are summarized in

the “Sampling Procedures” section and will follow guidance outlined in Standard Operating

Procedure (SOP) 10.3 (Appendix A). The results of the soil investigation will be evaluated

using the current RSLs as discussed in Section 4.1 of the Site Characterization Report (URS,

2015).

AOC 2 (FPH PLUME AT TANK 9)

The current FPH thicknesses in AOC 2 are within historic ranges and the plume exists in two

separate areas (near wells T9-G1 and PUMA 10) within AOC 2. The FPH extent is delineated in

the vicinity of T9-G1; however the FPH extent requires refinement in the vicinity of PUMA 10.

Two additional monitoring wells are proposed to be installed south and south-east of PUMA 10

as indicated on Figure 5.

The transmissivity tests conducted in July 2014 indicate FPH recovery rates in AOC 2 are

expected to be low due to slow recharge. However, FPH transmissivity tests could not be

completed due to fouling of the measurement equipment. Additional bail down and recovery

testing is recommended to determine the transmissivity of FPH in AOC 2. In addition,

groundwater sample collection is recommended to determine dissolved phase impacts to

groundwater as indicated in Table 3. The results of the FPH investigation will be analyzed in

order to confirm the delineation and extent of FPH and determine FPH transmissivity.

FPH will be gauged in AOC 2 wells to determine the current distribution of FPH in monitoring

wells. A modified FPH transmissivity test will be conducted in T9-G1 and PUMA-10, if product

thicknesses are greater than 0.5 feet, to assist in determining the future FPH management

strategy. The modified bail-down test will involve the complete removal of FPH from the well

and monitoring the FPH recovery rate. The first measurement will take place 15 minutes after

Page 4 of 8

pumping has stopped. The next reading will take place an hour after pumping has stopped and

subsequent readings will be at an hour frequency.

A groundwater sampling event will be conducted in monitoring wells near AOC 2 (T9-G3,T9-

G4, and the new well locations MW-7 and MW-8 as indicated on Table 3) to determine the

current concentration of dissolved phase COCs (including benzene, 2-methlynaphthalene,

naphthalene, and lead). Monitored natural attenuation (MNA) parameters will also be analyzed

including nitrate, manganese, iron, sulfate, and methane. The monitoring wells will be sampled

following low-flow sampling guidance in SOP 7.8 (Appendix A). Samples for Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOCs) will be collected first, followed by Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

(SVOCs), then metals.

AOC 3 (FPH PLUME AT TANK 16)

The current FPH thicknesses in AOC 3 are within historic ranges . The extent of FPH is consistent

with previous gauging events; however, FPH is not delineated to the east and southeast. The results

of the transmissivity testing in July 2014 indicate that FPH is recoverable in AOC 3. Previous

investigations indicated off-site migration of FPH; this could not be confirmed during the July 2014

investigation due to the lack of off-site monitoring wells. Additional monitoring wells will be

needed to complete the on-site and off-site delineation at AOC 3. A transmissivity test will be

conducted in select newly installed wells measuring at least 0.5 feet of FPH to determine

transmissivity and recoverability values.

In order to complete delineation of the AOC 3 FPH plume, four existing monitoring wells will be

replaced (OA-G24R, T12-G1R, OF-2R, and OF-6R), and five new wells (MW-9 to MW-13) will

be installed as indicated on Figure 5. Well installation will be conducted following guidance in

SOP 5.1 (Appendix A). A drilling rig will be used to collect continuous core to be logged by a

field geologist. The wells will be 2-inch diameter, and the final well depth will be determined in

the field. The proposed monitoring well within Tank 12 will be installed using a hand auger and

will be 1-inch in diameter due to access constraints. A 10 ft. or 15 ft., 0.1 in slotted screen will

intercept the natural groundwater interface to determine a representative FPH thickness. Flush

mounted (2 ft. by 2 ft.) surface completions will be installed where appropriate for vehicular or

pedestrian traffic. Other locations will have a lockable steel casing installed with bollards. After

surface completion, each newly installed monitoring well will be developed to assure good

communication with the aquifer. The newly installed wells will be gauged for FPH and surveyed

for their coordinates, top-of-casing, and surface elevations. The drill cuttings from well

installation will be contained in drums. Samples will be collected for waste profiling. After

receiving acceptance from an approved landfill, the waste will be transferred to a disposal

Page 5 of 8

facility. Decontamination and development water will be disposed of in the on-site slop tanks.

A groundwater sample will be collected in AOC 3 from monitoring well OA-G23 as indicated on

Table 3. The sample will be tested for benzene, naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, and

dissolved lead.

AOC 4 & 5 (BENZENE PLUME IN OPERATIONS AREA)

The July 2014 assessment plan for AOC 4 and 5 was to gauge and collect samples to assess

benzene concentrations in groundwater. Analytical results from AOC 5 indicate that all COCs

were below detection limits with the exception of benzene in one well, slightly above the

Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL). Groundwater samples could not be collected from

AOC 4 because the primary monitoring well (OA-G30) could not be found.

OA-G30 will be replaced following SOP 5.1 (Appendix A). Monitoring Wells OA-G30R, OA-

G26, and OA-G27will be sampled for benzene, naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, dissolved

lead, and MNA parameters (nitrate, manganese, iron, sulfate, and methane) as indicated on

Table 3 and Figure 6. Table 2 provides a summary of the sample containers, preservatives,

holding times, and laboratory methods for the analyses. The procedures for low-flow sampling

are presented in SOP 7.8 (Appendix A).

AOC 6 (ARSENIC PLUME IN OPERATIONS AREA)

Groundwater sampling was performed in July 2014 in AOC 6 to assess arsenic concentrations

and extent. Laboratory results indicate that arsenic was below the detection limit in all

monitoring wells. Monitoring well OA-G28 was damaged and could not be sampled in July

2014. It is recommended that OA-G28 be replaced (Figure 7) following well installation

guidance in SOP 5.1 (Appendix A) and all monitoring wells within AOC 6 be resampled as

indicated in Table 3 to confirm that arsenic concentrations are below the detection limit. Table 2

provides a summary of the sample containers, preservatives, holding times, and laboratory

methods for the analyses. The procedures for low-flow sampling are presented in SOP 7.8

(Appendix A).

SAMPLING PROCEDURES

Soil and groundwater samples will be placed in an ice-filled cooler for transport to the

laboratory. The samples will be analyzed by Environmental Quality Laboratories, Inc. of

Bayamon, Puerto Rico, which is qualified to perform such analyses. Table 2 provides a

summary of the sample containers, preservatives, holding times, and laboratory methods for the

analyses. If turbidity values cannot be reduced to ambient levels (below 10 NTU), both filtered

Page 6 of 8

and unfiltered metals samples will be collected. The procedures for low-flow sampling are

presented in SOP 7.8 (Appendix A). Quality Assurance/Quality Control procedures will be

followed as described in SOP 6.3 (Appendix A), including analysis of trip blanks, field

blanks, equipment blanks, and duplicate samples. Matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate

samples will also be collected for evaluation of laboratory accuracy and precision. Laboratory

data will be validated using EPA Region 2 Functional Guidelines and certified by a chemist

licensed to practice the profession in Puerto Rico. The results of the soil groundwater

investigation will be evaluated using screening levels as summarized in Table 4.

DECONTAMINATION AND WASTE PROCEDURES

Equipment decontamination and IDW protocols will be followed as outlined in SOP 1.4

(Appendix A). Non-dedicated equipment will be decontaminated using a non-phosphate

detergent and distilled or deionized water rinse. Equipment blank results will be used to

evaluate the effectiveness of the decontamination. All soil cutting derived from the field

investigation will be containerized and transported to the onsite storage area. A composite

sample will be collected to characterize the materials for offsite disposal. Any investigation-

derived waste (IDW) from equipment decontamination wash water will be placed in containers

and transferred to the facility slop tanks for treatment. Disposable sampling equipment, such

as nitrile gloves and personal protection equipment, will be cleaned off, placed in a plastic

bag, and placed in a dumpster for disposal as municipal refuse.

REPORTING

Results of the data gap investigation efforts will be documented in a report to the EPA.

Information will include:

Description of the work performed and evaluation of results;

Tables presenting analytical results and applicable screening levels;

Site map showing the sampling locations;

Chain-of-custody records;

Laboratory reports;

Data validation and certification report by a Puerto Rico licensed chemist;

Waste manifest documentation; and

Conclusions, recommendations, and a description of corrective actions, if

required.

Page 7 of 8

SCHEDULE

Depending on availability of subcontractor crews and equipment, Shell will endeavor to mobilize

and begin work no later than 60 days after receipt of approval of this work plan. If you have any

questions or wish to discuss this matter in further detail, please do not hesitate to call me at

+58.212.278.2175 or by email at [email protected].

Very truly yours,

Deny Gomez

Principal Environmental Program Manager

Shell Venezuela

ATTACHMENTS

Table 1 – Proposed Soil Sampling Intervals – AOC 1

Table 2 – Sampling Requirements

Table 3 – Site Well Activities

Table 4 – COC and Screening Level Summary

Figure 1 – Facility Location Map

Figure 2 – Facility Layout

Figure 3 –Monitoring Well Location Map

Figure 4 – Proposed Soil Sample Locations – AOC 1

Figure 5 – Proposed Monitoring Well Locations – AOC 2 & 3

Figure 6 – Proposed Monitoring Well Loctions – AOC 4 & 5

Figure 7 – Proposed Monitoring Well Locations – AOC 6

mailto:[email protected]

Page 8 of 8

Appendix A – Applicable Standard Operating Procedures from the Quality Assurance Project

Plan (QAPP) for the Cataño Fuel Receiving, Storage, and Distribution Terminal in

Cataño/Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

Figures

FACILITY

0 2000 4000

APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET

AS

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JB

1

FACILITY LOCATION MAP

SOURCE: U.S.G.S. 7.5-MINUTE SERIES TOPOGRAPHIC MAP. SAN

JUAN, P.R. QUADRANGLE, DATED 1969, PHOTOREVISED

1982. CONTOUR INTERVAL IS 5 METERS, DOTTED LINES

REPRESENT 1-METER CONTOURS. DATUM IS MEAN SEA

LEVEL.

25014477

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Date:Drawn by:Scale:

Chk'd by: Date:

Title:

3-11-2015

3-11-2015

SHELL OIL PRODUCTS

SUPPLEMENTAL SITE INVESTIGATION WORK PLAN

CATAÑO / GUAYANABO FUEL STORAGE

& DISTRIBUTION TERMINAL

CATAÑA, PUEBLO VIEJO, PUERTO RICO

Figure:

1 Facility Location Map - SSIWP.dwg

19219 KATY FREEWAY, SUITE 100

HOUSTON, TX 77094

PHONE: 281-646-2400

FAX: 281-646-2401

FILE

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N°11

N°2

N°16

N°9

N°10

N°15

N°12

N°5

N°14

N°8

N°6

N°13

N°17

N°7

H

W

Y

2

8

C

A

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M

O

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R

R

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2

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F

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AOC 7

AOC 4

AOC 3

AOC 6

AOC 1

AOC 7

AOC 4

AOC 3

AOC 6

AOC 1

AOC 5AOC 5

AOC 2AOC 2

OPERATION

AREA

LOWER

TANK

FARM

UPPER

TANK

FARM

0 150 300


L E G E N D :

- UPPER TANK FARM

- LOWER TANK FARM

- OPERATION AREA

- AOC 2

- AOC 3

- AOC 1

- AOC 4

- AOC 5

- AOC 6

- AOC 7

SOURCE: ESRI WORLD IMAGERY - PUERTO RICO (PR83F)

NAD83 PUERTO RICO AND VIRGIN ISLANDS, US

FOOT; DATED 2011.

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FACILITY LAYOUT

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Figure:

2 Facility Layout - SSIWP.dwg


HOUSTON, TX 77094

PHONE: 281-646-2400

FAX: 281-646-2401

- PROPERTY BOUNDARY

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MW-2A

MW-3A

MW-4A

MW-5A

MW-5B

MW-6A1

MW-6A2

OA-G18

OA-G21

OA-G22

OA-G23

OA-G27

OA-G31

OA-G32OA-G33

PUMA1

PUMA10

PUMA2

PUMA3

PUMA5

PUMA6

PUMA7

PUMA8

PUMA9

T16-G3

T9-G1

OA-G34

OA-G16

PUMA4

OA-G12

T9-G4

T9-G3

T9-G2

T17-G1

T17-G2

OA-G28

T17-G3

OA-G29

T13-G1

OA-G26

T5-G1

T16-G6

OA-G30

T12-G1

T16-G2

OF-5

OF-3

OF-7

OF-8

OF-4

OF-2

OF-6

OF-1

T16-G5

T16-G7

OA-G20

T16-G4

T16-G1

OA-G25

OA-G1

MW-1A

OA-G24

N°11

N°2

N°16

N°9

N°10

N°15

N°12

N°5

N°14

N°8

N°6

N°13

N°17

N°7

N°11

N°2

N°16

N°9

N°10

N°15

N°12

N°5

N°14

N°8

N°6

N°13

N°17

N°7

H

W

Y

2

8

C

A

L

L

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M

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OA-G19

0 150 300


L E G E N D :

- MONITOR WELL LOCATION

- PROPERTY BOUNDARY


(PLUGGED AND ABANDONED)



FOOT; DATED 2011.

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Figure:

3 Monitoring Well Location Map -

SSIWP.dwg


HOUSTON, TX 77094

PHONE: 281-646-2400

FAX: 281-646-2401

MONITORING WELL LOCATION

MAP

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N°10

N°15

N°14

N°8

N°6

N°7

SB21

SB20

SB19

SB18

SB26

APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF

CONTAINMENT WALL AND

LIMESTONE OUTCROP BORDER

SB16

SB28

SB17

SB27

SB25

SB24

SB23

SB22

AOC 1

0 50 100


L E G E N D :

SB16



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Figure:

4 Proposed Sample Locs - AOC 1 -

SSIWP.dwg


HOUSTON, TX 77094

PHONE: 281-646-2400

FAX: 281-646-2401

PROPOSED SOIL SAMPLE

LOCATIONS - AOC 1

- PROPOSED SOIL SAMPLE LOCATION

- PROPERTY BOUNDARY

- AOC 1

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OC

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N°11

N°2

N°16

N°9

N°10

N°15

N°12

N°5

N°14

N°8

N°6

N°13

N°17

N°7

AOC 2

AOC 3

OA-G24R

MW-10

MW-12

MW-11

OF-6R

OF-2R

H

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2

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S

)

MW-9

MW-13

MW-8

MW-7

T12-G1R

MW-2A

MW-3A

MW-4A

MW-5A

MW-5B

MW-6A1

MW-6A2

OA-G18

OA-G21

OA-G22

OA-G27

PUMA1

PUMA2

PUMA3

PUMA5

PUMA6

PUMA7

PUMA9

OA-G34

OA-G16

PUMA4

OA-G12T9-G3

T9-G2

T17-G2

OA-G28

T13-G1

OA-G26

T5-G1

T16-G6

OA-G30

T12-G1

T16-G4

OA-G24

T17-G1

T17-G3

OA-G29

PUMA10

T9-G4

OA-G23

PUMA8

T16-G3

T16-G2

T16-G1

OA-G25

OA-G1

MW-1A

OA-G33

T16-G7

OA-G20

OA-G31

OA-G32

T9-G1

D

M

M

M

M

M

M

D

0.0

M

(DRY)

(DRY)

2.11

OA-G19

M

T16-G5

0 150 300


L E G E N D :

- FPH EXTENT

- MISSING - WELL NOT FOUNDM

- DRYD

- AOC 2

- AOC 3

- PROPOSED MONITORING WELL LOCATION

MW-9




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Figure:

5 Proposed MonWell Locs - AOC 2 And 3 -

SSIWP.dwg


HOUSTON, TX 77094

PHONE: 281-646-2400

FAX: 281-646-2401

PROPOSED MONITORING

WELL LOCATIONS - AOC 2 AND 3

- PROPERTY BOUNDARY

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OC

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PUMA10

PUMA2

PUMA3

PUMA5

PUMA6

PUMA7

PUMA8

PUMA9

PUMA4

T17-G2

T12-G1

T16-G5

OA-G1

OA-G24

N°11

N°2

N°16

N°9

N°10

N°15

N°12

N°5

N°14

N°8

N°6

N°13

N°17

N°7

D

M

M

M

M

M

M

D

MW-4A

MW-5A

MW-5B

OA-G18

T9-G1

OA-G16

T9-G4

T9-G3

T17-G1

T17-G3

OA-G29

T13-G1

OA-G12

MW-3A

PUMA1

MW-2A

OA-G21

OA-G22

OA-G23

OA-G31

OA-G32

OA-G33

T16-G3

T16-G6

T16-G2

T16-G7

OA-G20

T16-G4

T16-G1

OA-G25

MW-1A

T5-G1

OA-G28

T9-G2

OA-G34

MW-6A1

MW-6A2

AOC 5

AOC 4

OA-G27

M

OA-G26

OA-G19

M

H

W

Y

2

8

C

A

L

L

E

M

O

N

T

E

R

R

E

Y

H

W

Y

2

(

J

O

H

N

F

.

K

E

N

N

E

D

Y

E

X

P

R

E

S

S

)

OA-G30R

OA-G30

0 150 300


L E G E N D :

- MISSING - WELL NOT FOUND (2014)M

- DRYD

- AOC 4

- AOC 5



FOOT; DATED 2011.

AS

SHOWN

NAB

JB

6

25014477

Project:


Client:


Chk'd by: Date:

Title:

3-06-2015

3-06-2015

SHELL OIL PRODUCTS





Figure:

6 Proposed MonWell Locs - AOC 4 And 5 -

SSIWP.dwg


HOUSTON, TX 77094

PHONE: 281-646-2400

FAX: 281-646-2401

PROPOSED MONITORING WELL

LOCATION - AOC 4 AND 5


- PROPERTY BOUNDARY

- PROPOSED MONITORING WELL LOCATION

OA-G30R

FILE

: O

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rojects\E

NV

10\25014477\D

wgs\A

CA

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iteC

har\S

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OC

4 A

nd 5 - S

SIW

P.dw

g; P

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TT

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arch 6, 2015

PUMA10

PUMA3

PUMA6

PUMA8

PUMA9

T17-G2

T12-G1

T16-G5

OA-G1

OA-G24

N°11

N°2

N°16

N°9

N°10

N°15

N°12

N°5

N°14

N°8

N°6

N°13

N°17

N°7

OA-G27

M

M

M

M

M

M

D

MW-5A

MW-5B

OA-G18

T9-G1

OA-G16

T9-G4

T9-G3

T17-G1

T17-G3

T13-G1

MW-3A

PUMA1

OA-G21

OA-G32

T16-G3

T16-G6

T16-G2

T16-G7

T16-G4

T16-G1

MW-1A

T5-G1

T9-G2

OA-G34

OA-G22

PUMA7

AOC 6

PUMA2

PUMA5

PUMA4

D

MW-4A

OA-G29

OA-G12

MW-6A1

MW-6A2

M

OA-G26

MW-2A

OA-G23

OA-G31

OA-G33

OA-G20

OA-G25

OA-G30

OA-G19

H

W

Y

2

8H

W

Y

2

(

J

O

H

N

F

.

K

E

N

N

E

D

Y

E

X

P

R

E

S

S

)

M

OA-G28R

OA-G28

C

A

L

L

E

M

O

N

T

E

R

R

E

Y

0 150 300


- MISSING - WELL NOT FOUND (2014)M

- DRY

D

- AOC 6



FOOT; DATED 2011.

AS

SHOWN

NAB

JB

7

25014477

Project:


Client:


Chk'd by: Date:

Title:

3-06-2015

3-06-2015

SHELL OIL PRODUCTS





Figure:

7 Proposed MonWell Locs - AOC 6 -

SSIWP.dwg


HOUSTON, TX 77094

PHONE: 281-646-2400

FAX: 281-646-2401

L E G E N D :


- PROPERTY BOUNDARY

- PROPOSED MONITORING WELL LOCATIONOA-G28R

PROPOSED MONITORING WELL

LOCATION - AOC 6

FILE

: O

:\P

rojects\E

NV

10\25014477\D

wgs\A

CA

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arch 6, 2015

Tables

Table 1

Soil Sampling Intervals - AOC 1

Cataño Fuel Receiving, Storage, and Distribution Terminal

Location

IDX

1Y

1 Depth

(ft)Delineation

0.5-1

2-2.5

4-4.5

2-2.5

4-4.5

0.5-1

2-2.5

4-4.5

0.5-1

2-2.5

4-4.5

0.5-1

2-2.5

4-4.5

0.5-1

2-2.5

4-4.5

0.5-1

2-2.5

4-4.5

2-2.5

4-4.5

2-2.5

4-4.5

2-2.5

4-4.5

0.5-1

2-2.5

4-4.5

0.5-1

2-2.5

0.5-1

2-2.51 Proposed locations in PR83F State Coordinate System.

Horizontal and

Vertical

Horizontal and

Vertical

Vertical

Horizontal and

Vertical

Horizontal and

Vertical

Horizontal and

Vertical

Horizontal and

Vertical

Horizontal and

Vertical

Vertical

Vertical

Vertical

Horizontal and

Vertical

Horizontal and

Vertical

770432.2483 869194.3918

770494.0256 869334.9951

770561.4824 869320.4553

869197.3713770555.2132

770529.8104 869161.6319

770482.1795 869165.7141

770600.5865 869141.1751

770585.6751 869195.5507

770586.0929 869228.6636

770583.875 869255.5578

770609.6158 869264.0376

770620.9202 869253.0365

770608.4108 869295.2728

SB26

SB27

SB28

SB17

SB16

SB25

SB24

SB23

SB22

SB21

SB20

SB19

SB18

Page 1 of 1

Table 2

Sampling Requirements

Containers, Preservation Methods and Maximum Holding Times


Matrix ParametersAnalytical

MethodSample Container Volume Required

Preservation

MethodMaximum Holding Time

Soil Metals (Lead) SW-846 6010C Glass Jar 4 oz. Cooled to 4 ± 2 ⁰C 6 months from sample collection

VOCs SW-846 8260B Glass Teflon lined 3 vials of 40 mL

(without bubbles)

HCl to pH <2, cooled

to 4 ± 2 ⁰C14 days of sample collection

Metals SW-846 6010C Glass or Plastic 250 mLHNO3 to pH<2,

cooled to 4 ± 2 ⁰C6 months from sample collection

SVOCs SW-846 8270C Glass Amber 3 - 1 Liter Cooled to 4 ± 2 ⁰C7 days to extract, 40 days from extraction

to analysis

MNA Anions

(nitrate, sulfate)EPA Method 300.1 Glass or Plastic 250 mL

Cooled to 4 ± 2⁰C,

HCl to pH <2

28 days of sample collection

(48 hr for Nitrate)

MNA Anion (methane) EPA 8015M Glass Teflon lined 2 vials of 40 mLH2SO4 to pH<2,

cooled to 4 ± 2 ⁰C14 days from sample collection

MNA Anions

(manganese, iron)SW-846 6010C Glass or Plastic 1000 mL

HNO to pH<2, cooled

to 4 ± 2 ⁰C6 months from sample collection

Notes:

VOC = Volatile Organic Compounds;

SVOCs = Semi Volatile Organic Compounds;

MNA = Monitored Natural Attenuation

Groundwater

Page 1 of 1

Table 3

Site Well Activities


GW

SampleMNA

Baildown

TestNew Well

GW

Sample

Baildown

TestNew Well

MW-1A 18-Jun-04 Active 3 x


MW-3A 9-Jun-04 Active - x


MW-5A 5-Jul-04 Active - x

MW-5B* 1-Jul-04 Active - x

MW-6A1 10-Jun-04 Active 6,7 x

MW-6A2 10-Jun-04 Active 6,7 x

MW-7 770785.335 869872.7538 2015 2" Diameter2

(near PUMA 10)x x x x x

MW-8 770850.9714 869867.0514 2015 2" Diameter2

(near PUMA 10)x x x x x

MW-9 771635.545 869133.0174 2015 2" Diameter 3 x x ? x

MW-10 771721.931 869111.3409 2015 2" Diameter 3 x x ? x

MW-11 771812.1768 868981.9286 2016 2" Diameter 4

MW-12 771809.8267 869195.2596 2015 2" Diameter 3 x x ? x

MW-13 771679.0918 869313.8592 2015 2" Diameter 3 x x ? x

OA-G12 30-Jul-04 Active 6 x

OA-G16 16-Jul-04 Active 7 x

OA-G18 18-Oct-04 Active - x

OA-G20 19-Oct-04 Active 6,3 x

OA-G21 21-Oct-04 Active 6 x


OA-G23 19-Oct-04 Active 6,3 x x

OA-G24R 771499.6119 869105.7342 2015 2" Diameter 3 x x ? x




OA-G28 770865.037 869774.2479 2015 2" Diameter 6 x x


OA-G30R 771323.887 869345.561 2015 2" Diameter 4,6 x x


OA-G32 23-Nov-04 Active 3 x

OA-G33 23-Nov-04 Active 3 x

OF-2R 771731.3614 869259.8847 2015 2" Diameter 3 x x ? x

OF-6R 771884.8276 869106.5088 2015 2" Diameter 3 x x ? x

Puma 1 missing missing 1-Dec-07 Active - x x



Puma 4 missing missing 1-Dec-07 Active 7 x x






Puma 10 missing missing 1-Dec-07 Active - x x x

T5-G1 18-Jun-04 Active - x

T9-G1 28-Jun-04 Active 2 x x


T9-G3 26-Oct-04 Active - x x x

T9-G4 21-Oct-04 Active - x x x

T12-G1R 771091.9187 869232.7728 2015 1" Diameter 3 x x ? x


T16-G1 14-Jun-04 Active 3 x

T16-G2 14-Jul-04 Active 3 x

T16-G3 15-Jul-04 Active 3 x

T16-G4 19-Oct-04 Active 3 x

T16-G6 20-Oct-04 Active - x

T16-G7 19-Oct-04 Active - x


T17-G3 16-Jul-04 Active - x

Notes:

* Only monitoring well installed in deeper aquifer unit

Replacement Well

New Well

MNA = Monitored Natural Attenuation (nitrate, manganese, iron, sulfate, methane, DO [f], ORP [f])

[f] = field measurement

GW Sample = benzene, 2-methylnaphthalene, naphthalene, lead

? = FPH bail down testing conducted if FPH measured > 0.5 feet following installation (max. 3 locations) 1 Proposed locations in PR83F State Coordinate System. Actual locations will be surveyed following installation.

Well IDConstruction

Date2014 Status AOC

AOC 2 AOC 3New

SurveyGaugingX1 Y1

Page 3 of 5

Table 3

Site Well Activities


MW-1A

MW-2A

MW-3A

MW-4A

MW-5A

MW-5B*

MW-6A1

MW-6A2

MW-7

MW-8

MW-9

MW-10

MW-11

MW-12

MW-13

OA-G12

OA-G16

OA-G18

OA-G20

OA-G21

OA-G22

OA-G23

OA-G24R

OA-G25

OA-G26

OA-G27

OA-G28

OA-G29

OA-G30R

OA-G31

OA-G32

OA-G33

OF-2R

OF-6R

Puma 1

Puma 2

Puma 3

Puma 4

Puma 5

Puma 6

Puma 7

Puma 8

Puma 9

Puma 10

T5-G1

T9-G1

T9-G2

T9-G3

T9-G4

T12-G1R

T13-G1

T16-G1

T16-G2

T16-G3

T16-G4

T16-G6

T16-G7

T17-G1

T17-G3

Notes:

*

MNA =

[f] =

GW Sample =

? =1

Well ID GW

SampleMNA New Well

GW

SampleMNA New Well

GW -

arsenic

New

Well

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x x x

x x

x x

x

x x x x

x

x

Only monitoring well installed in deeper aquifer unit

Replacement Well

New Well

Monitored Natural Attenuation (nitrate, manganese, iron, sulfate, methane, DO [f], ORP [f])

field measurement

benzene, 2-methylnaphthalene, naphthalene, lead

FPH bail down testing conducted if FPH measured > 0.5 feet following installation (max. 3 locations)

Proposed locations in PR83F State Coordinate System. Actual locations will be surveyed following installation.

AOC 4 AOC 5 AOC 6

Page 4 of 5

Table 4

COC and Screening Level Summary


CAS No.Direct Contact Industrial Soil

(mg/kg)VOC Benzene 71-43-2 NA 0.005

2-Methylnaphthalene 91-57-6 NA 0.027Naphthalene 91-20-3 NA 0.00014Arsenic 7440-38-2 NA 0.01Lead 7439-92-1 800 0.015

Notes:

USEPA April 2012 Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) for direct-contact.

Groundwater value is based on Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) or if MCL not available, tapwater RSL value.

COC= Constituent of Concern

VOC = Volatile Organic Compound

SVOC = Semi Volatile Organic Compound

NA = Not applicable

Metals

SVOC

COCSoil

Groundwater (mg/L)

Page 1 of 1

Appendix A

URS Corporation Number: 1.4

Houston, Texas Office Page 1 of 5

Revision 0Management of Investigation Derived Waste

Effective: August 2004

1.0 Scope and Application

This standard operating procedure (SOP) provides standard operating procedures for managinginvestigation derived waste (IDW) generated during field activities.2.0 Definitions

2.1 Materials which may become IDW include but are not limited to:

• Personnel protective equipment (PPE) including disposable coveralls, gloves, booties,respirator canisters, splash suits, etc.

• Disposable material including plastic ground and equipment covers, aluminum foil,conduit pipe, composite liquid waste samplers (COLIWASAs), disposable bailers, ropeor twine, tubing, broken or unused sample containers, sample container boxes, tape,etc.

• Soil cuttings from drilling or hand augering

• Excess sample volume

• Drilling mud or water used for water rotary drilling

• Ground water obtained through well development or well purging

• Cleaning fluids such as spent solvents, acids and wash water

• Packing and shipping materials

2.2 Hazardous waste – Wastes that are characteristically hazardous as defined in Subpart C of40 CFR 261 or wastes that are listed in Subpart D of 40 CFR 261.

2.3 Non-Hazardous Waste – Wastes that are not characteristically hazardous or listed ashazardous as defined in 40 CFR 261.

3.0 Health and Safety Warnings

Appropriate PPE are described in the Health and Safety Plan (HASP) and Material Safety Data Sheets(MSDS). The minimum PPE includes nitrile gloves or other gloves as specified in the MSDS as well asfoot and eye protection. PPE requirements may be upgraded depending on the level of potentialpersonnel exposure.

4.0 Cautions and Interferences

4.1 All liquid and soil/sediment IDW must be containerized and analyzed before disposal.

4.2 The sampling and analyses for waste characterization must be specified in the site workplan.





4.3 The handling and proposed disposal method(s) must be specified in the site work plan.

5.0 Personnel Qualifications and Responsibilities

5.1 The Project Manager will determine the appropriate level of training required to implementthis SOP at the project site.

5.2 Site personnel are required to follow the procedures as described in order of priority in:1) The site-specific HASP2) The site-specific Field Sampling Plan (FSP)3) The site-specific Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)4) This SOP

Deviations from these plans or SOP will be documented in the field book.

5.3 Personnel performing operations on hazardous waste sites will have training as required by29 CFR Part 1910.120 (Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response) and 29CFR Part 1910.1200 (Hazard Communication).

5.4 Personnel performing operations on non-hazardous waste sites will have training asspecified by the URS Health and Safety Policy.

6.0 Equipment and Supplies

6.1 Field book, all weather

6.2 55-gallon drums

6.3 Labels for drums

6.4 Wrenches for securing drum lids

6.5 Waterproof marking pens (for marking on labels and on drums)

6.6 Pallets (for storage area flooring)

6.7 5-gallon buckets

6.8 Manifests

6.9 Drum log

7.0 Procedure

7.1 Don appropriate PPE.

7.2 Important: Keep hazardous waste separated from non-hazardous waste.

7.3 Label each container properly and keep a log (Table 1) of all the drums or containers,stating their identification number and contents. Drill cuttings can be combined in the same





drums provided they originate from similar areas of the site (e.g., upgradient, backgroundborings, etc.) and are expected to have similar levels of contamination.

7.4 Management of Non-Hazardous IDW

7.4.1 If necessary, compact the waste into a reusable container, such as a 55-gallon drumto reduce the volume of non-hazardous waste.

7.4.2 If the waste is generated from an active facility, seek permission from the operator ofthe facility to place the non-hazardous PPE, disposable equipment, and/orpaper/cardboard wastes into the facility dumpsters. These materials may also betaken to a nearby permitted landfill. On larger sites, waste hauling services may beobtained and a dumpster located at the study site.

7.4.3 Seek permission to place non-hazardous IDW such as drill cuttings, purge ordevelopment water, decontamination wash water, drilling muds, etc. into the facilitytreatment system if the facility is active. Dispose of in a unit with an environmentalpermit such as a landfill or sanitary sewer. These materials must not be placed intodumpsters.

7.4.4 If the facility is not active, place IDW in drums, dumpsters, etc on pallets in adesignated secure storage area.

7.5 Management of Hazardous IDW

7.5.1 Properly contain and label all suspected or identified hazardous wastes. Wastesshould be stored in labeled 55-gallon drums at a segregated staging facility with asecondary containment structure.

7.5.2 Take care to keep non-hazardous materials segregated from hazardous wastecontaminated materials.

7.5.3 Review appropriate sample results to determine waste characterization and performany specific analysis required by the permitted disposal facility.

7.5.4 Hazardous wastes may be stored on site for a maximum of 90 days before they mustbe manifested and shipped to a permitted treatment or disposal facility.

7.5.5 Dispose of hazardous IDW as specified in the USEPA and TCEQ regulations. Ifappropriate, place these wastes in an active facility waste treatment system.

7.5.6 Anticipate generation of hazardous IDW, if possible, to permit arrangements forproper containerization, labeling, transportation, and disposal/treatment in accordancewith USEPA and TCEQ regulations.

7.5.7 If the facility is not active, place IDW into a secure storage area.





8.0 Data and Records Management

A log of all the drums and containers, stating their identification number and contents will be kept withthe project files.

9.0 Quality Control and Quality Assurance

This section is not applicable to this SOP.

10.0 Pollution Prevention and Waste Management

The procedures in this SOP will be followed for disposal of IDW.

11.0 References

11.1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Environmental Investigations StandardOperating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual. USEPA Region 4. May 1996

11.2 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Standard Operating Procedure 1.4.Management of Investigation Derived Waste.





Table 1

DRUMMED MATERIAL WORKSHEET

Project Name: Project No.:

Site Address: Project Manager:

Drum No. Boring No. Date Contents Sample ID Lab Results Disposition



Revision 0Hollow Stem Borehole Advancement



Hollow-stem augers (HSA) allow for a variety of soil core sampling methods. This method does notrequire the use of drilling fluids or lubricants and allows for the installation of well screens prior toremoval of the auger. HSA methods are commonly used in cohesive soils or in granular soils above thegroundwater level. Formation waters can be sampled during drilling by using a screened lead auger oradvancing a well point ahead of the auger.

2.0 Definitions

Hollow Stem Auger Drilling - consists of screwing augers with an open center into the ground. Cuttingsare brought to the surface along the outside of the auger by the rotating action. Samples can be takenusing split-spoon or thin wall tube samplers inserted through the hollow stem and driven into thesubstrata in advance of the auger. The HSA can be utilized with a center bit or plug to prevent soil fromrising through the hollow portion of the auger.


3.1 Follow the Health and Safety requirements identified in the site-specific Health and SafetyPlan (HASP) and associated Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).

3.2 All personnel conducting drilling activities should be qualified in proper drilling and safetyprocedures.

3.3 Before any drilling activity is initiated, the area should be surveyed with the necessarydetection equipment to locate, flag, or mark all underground utilities such as electrical lines,natural gas lines, fuel tanks and lines, water lines, etc. In addition, overhead obstructions(e.g., process piping, structures, or power lines) should be noted. Before operating the drillrig, a pilot hole should be dug (with hand equipment) to a depth of two to three feet tocheck for undetected utilities or buried objects (See SOP 2.4 Utility Survey).

3.4 Proceed with caution until a safe depth is reached where utilities normally would not beburied.

3.5 The following safety requirements should be adhered to while performing drilling activities:

3.5.1 All drilling personnel should wear safety hats, safety glasses, ear plugs, and steel toedboots. In addition, safety goggles should be worn while mixing cement/grout.

3.5.2 All personnel directly involved with the drilling rig(s) should know where the killswitch(es) is located in case of emergencies.

3.5.3 All personnel should stay clear of the drill rods or augers while in motion, and shouldnot grab or attempt to attach a tool to the drill rods or augers until they havecompletely stopped rotating.

3.5.4 Do not hold drill rods or any part of the safety hammer assembly while taking standardpenetration tests or while the hammer is being operated.





3.5.5 Do not lean against the drill rig or place hands on or near moving parts at the rear ofthe rig while it is operating.

3.5.6 Keep the drilling area clear of any excess debris, tools, or drilling equipment.

3.5.7 Do not climb on the drilling rig while it is being operated or attempt to repair the rigwhile it is being operated.

3.5.8 Do not move or pick up any drilling equipment unless directed by the driller and/or theproject leader.

3.5.9 The drill rig should have a first-aid kit and a fire extinguisher located on the rig quicklyaccessible for emergencies.

3.5.10 Work clothes will be form fitting, but comfortable and free of straps, loose ends,strings etc., that might catch on some moving part of the drill rig.

3.5.11 Rings or other jewelry should not be worn while working around the drill rig.

3.5.12 The drill rig should not be operated within a minimum distance of 20 feet of overheadelectrical power lines and/or buried utilities that might cause a safety hazard. Inaddition, the drill rig should not be operated while there is lightning in the area of thedrilling site. If an electrical storm moves in during drilling activities, vacate the areauntil it is safe to return.

3.5.13 Personnel who are not directly involved in overseeing, inspecting, or performing thedrilling and well installation will remain at least 100 feet away from the drill rig.

3.5.14 Maintain visual contact with driller and obtain permission before approaching drill rigwhile drill rig is in operation.

3.6 As the boring is advanced to greater depths, a considerable delay may occur before thesoil cuttings appear at the ground surface, limiting the ability of the driller and the fieldrepresentative to detect changes in soil conditions.


See Health and Safety Warnings (above).











5.5 The drilling subcontractors have to be properly trained to operate the drilling equipment andwill be responsible for the proper use and maintenance of drilling equipment.

5.6 The Project Geologist/Engineer will be responsible for the collection, labeling, handling andstorage of all borehole samples until chain-of-custody procedures are initiated.

5.7 It is the responsibility of the site operations manager to assure that the properdecontamination procedures are followed and that all waste materials produced bydecontamination and field sampling procedures, including PPE, are properly labeled,stored and disposed of in accordance with SOP 1.4 (Management of Investigation DerivedWaste).


6.1 Maps/plot plan

6.2 Safety equipment

6.3 Tape measure

6.4 Survey stakes or flags

6.5 Camera and film

6.6 Trowel


6.8 Field data sheets

6.9 Decontamination supplies/equipment

6.10 Spade or shovel

6.11 Drill rig and associated drilling equipment

6.12 Plastic sheeting

6.13 Potable water for mixing

6.14 Drums





7.0 Procedure


7.2 Prior to mobilization, the drill rig and all associated equipment should be thoroughlydecontaminated in accordance with SOP 1.5 (Decontamination).

7.3 Prior to drilling, perform a utility survey in accordance with SOP 2.4 (including hand probingof the boring location) in the vicinity of the drilling site.

7.4 Prior to drilling, complete a Drilling Safety Checklist (see Appendix A).

7.5 Clear the area of any surface debris (e.g., twigs, rocks, litter).

7.6 Advance the HSA at a slow rate during the first five to seven feet of drilling as an extraprecaution so that any possible contact with underground utilities will be less damaging.

7.7 HSA flights are five feet in length, therefore drilling is temporarily halted at five foot intervalsso that additional flights can be attached. Auger flights are attached to one another bythreaded ends and bolts.

7.8 Attach the center bit to the center rod and place inside the HSA. If soil samples are not tobe taken, a wooden center plug can be placed at the bottom of the auger to stop soil fromentering the hollow portion of the auger.

7.9 Begin augering, periodically remove and deposit accumulated soils onto a plastic sheetspread near the hole or in an appropriately labeled drum.

7.10 If sampling or geotechnical evaluation is to take place during drilling, advancement of theHSA can be temporarily stopped and the center bit can be removed. A device such as asplit barrel sampler or a thin wall sampler can be attached to the center rod and lowered tothe bottom of the bore hole (see SOP 10.2 Soil Sampling Using a Split Spoon). Samplingor testing occurs in the undisturbed region of the soil immediately beneath the deepestauger flight.

7.11 When the borehole has been advanced to the desired depth, the center rods or woodenplug can be removed, thereby allowing well casing to be installed (see SOP 5.5 MonitorWell Installation/Completion).

7.12 If the borehole is not to be closed through procedures as outlined in other SOPs, then itshall be abandoned according to applicable State regulations.

7.13 Excavated material, PPE, and the plastic sheeting should be placed in 30- or 55-gallondrums according to the procedures outlined in SOP 1.4 (Management of IDW).





7.14 Upon removal of the auger flights and other down-hole drilling equipment, all of theequipment should be decontaminated according to the procedures outlined in SOP 1.5(Decontamination).


8.1 All field personnel, including the drilling subcontractor, should read and sign the HASP,which should remain on-site during field operations.

8.2 Activities performed shall be recorded in the field book. The field book will be kept in theappropriate project file.

8.3 Original boring log forms and all other documentation will be maintained in the project file.


This section is not applicable to this SOP.


10.1 Disposable PPE, paper towels, and excavated materials shall be disposed of in appropriatecontainers in accordance with SOP 1.4 (Management of Investigation Derived Waste).

10.2 Cuttings and decontamination fluids will be containerized and disposed of as described inSOP 1.4 (Management of Investigation Derived Waste).

11.0 References


11.2 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Standard Operating Procedure 5.1. HollowStem Borehole Advancement.

Appendix A

Drilling Safety Checklist

Site Name Project # Your Name Drillers Name Signature Signature Are your sub-contractors wearing a minimum of Level-D personal protection equipment? Hard Hats Ear Protection Safety Glasses Steel Toe Boots Have you designated a smoking and eating area? Has the Site Health and Safety Plan been reviewed and signed? Have you completed a Tailgate Safety Meeting? Daily Safety Task Analysis Worksheet Have you identified where the nearest phone and emergency equipment is located? Do you have a copy of the Utilities Locate Checklist? Do you have enough barricades/cones? Have the utilities been marked out? pink: temporary survey markings green: sewer yellow: natural gas, oil, steam blue: water orange: communications red: electric white: proposed excavation/boring locations Are your borings? 10/20 feet away from overhead lines (shielded and unshielded respectively)? 5 feet away from non-natural gas utilities? 10 feet away from natural gas lines? 3 feet away from concrete/asphalt scars/joints or repaved areas? Are you prepared to hand dig to 5 feet? Have any fiber optic lines been identified on-site? If so, do you have a copy of the fiber optics plan? Is someone from Health and Safety and the Fiber Optics Company involved? Are your borings a minimum of 15 feet away from the fiber optic line mark outs? Do you have a copy of all access agreements? Have you inspected the cable/rope on the drill rig? Have you checked the "kill" switches on the drill rig? Has the driller showed you that all the gauges, levers, safety devices and switches are working properly? Have you checked the rig for hydraulic fluid/oil leaks? Are all visible belts and hoses in good working condition? Is Drill Rig on level and stable ground? Are all drill rig wheels chocked? Is the emergency brake set? Have you eliminated all tripping hazards to the best of your ability? Has your driller and his helper removed all of their jewelry? Are you prepared to monitor for vapors? Have you calibrated your PID/FID and O2/LEL meters? Is someone CPR qualified in case of an emergency? Do your drillers have all the supplies required to complete today's activities? Additional Issues or concerns:



Revision 0Monitoring Well Installation and Completion



The design and installation of permanent monitoring wells involves drilling into various types of geologicformations that exhibit varying subsurface conditions. Designing and installing permanent monitoringwells in these geologic environments may require several different drilling methods and installationprocedures.

Double cased wells may be required when there is reason to believe that interconnection of two aquifersduring drilling or well construction may cause cross contamination, and/or when flowing sands make itimpossible to install a monitoring well using conventional methods. An outer casing (sometimes called asurface or pilot casing) should be placed into the borehole and sealed with grout.

Each permanent monitoring well should be designed and installed to function properly throughout theduration of the monitoring program. When designing monitoring wells, the following should beconsidered:

• short-and long-term objectives;• purpose(s) of the well(s);• probable duration of the monitoring program;• contaminants likely to be monitored;• migration characteristics of the release;• types of well construction materials to be used;• surface and subsurface geologic conditions;• properties of the aquifer(s) to be monitored;• well screen placement;• general site conditions; and• potential site health and safety hazards.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Monitoring Well – A hole drilled into the ground with a screened pipe installed for thecollection of water samples for the purposes of water quality testing or to measuregroundwater levels. Monitoring wells may be permanent or temporary.

2.2 Piezometer – A well with a short, slotted screen for measuring a potentiometric surface orelevation of the water table. Piezometers can also be used to determine the proper siting ofa monitoring well.

2.3 Lysimeter – A device for measuring percolation and leaching losses from a column of soilunder controlled conditions. Zero-tension lysimeters collect soil water that is naturallypercolating downward through soils. Tension (suction) lysimeters have a vacuum appliedand gently “suck” soil water through a porous material.

2.4 Centralizer – A device attached to the outside of a casing or liner to center it within aborehole or casing.






3.1 Follow the Health and Safety requirements identified in the site-specific Health and SafetyPlan (HASP) and the associated Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).

3.2 Monitoring well installation and completion may involve chemical hazards associated withmaterials in the soil or aquifer being explored; and always involves physical hazardsassociated with the heavy equipment that may be used for various installation techniques.

3.3 In addition, the following protective measures are always required:

• all persons within 50 feet of a drill rig must wear hard hats, safety glasses or goggles,and steel toed shoes. Hearing protection should be provided during periods ofexcessive noise; and

• personnel who are not directly involved in overseeing, inspecting or performing thedrilling and well installation will remain at least 100 feet away from the drill rig.


4.1 When installing doubled cased wells, the surface casing should be allowed to set for 24hours after installation, before completing the installation of monitoring well.

4.2 Care should be taken to avoid bridging of filter pack material.

4.3 Wells should be allowed to set for 24 hours after installation, before well completions orwell development activities are performed.











5.5 Each person designing monitoring wells for URS projects and overseeing their installationshould be a degreed geologist or hydrogeologist with at least two years experience ingroundwater monitoring. Specific training and/or orientation will be provided for eachproject to ensure that personnel understand the objectives and special circumstances andrequirements of the project.

5.6 It is the responsibility of the Project Manager to ensure that each project involvingmonitoring well installation is properly planned and executed, and that the safety ofpersonnel from chemical and physical hazards associated with drilling and well installationis protected.

5.7 Some states have specific requirements regarding the construction of monitoring wells. Itis the responsibility of the Project Manager to understand these regulations and anypermitting requirements that may be necessary, and to ensure that the well installationprogram complies with all state and local requirements.

5.8 It is the responsibility of the Project Geologist or Engineer to directly oversee theconstruction and installation of the monitoring well by the subcontract driller to ensure thatthe well installation specifications defined in the project work plan are adhered to and thatall pertinent data are recorded on the approved forms. In Texas, monitoring wells areinstalled by a Professional Geoscientist (PG) or by a Junior Geologist under thesupervision of a PG.


6.1 Maps/plot plan

6.2 Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)

6.3 Compass

6.4 Tape measure

6.5 Camera and film


6.7 Bentonite powder/pellets

6.8 Filter pack material

6.9 Portland cement

6.10 Steel protective casing and locking cap

6.11 Threaded end-cap (sump)

6.12 Well casing (e.g., polyvinyl chloride [PVC] or stainless steel)





6.13 Well screen (e.g., PVC or stainless steel)

6.14 Tremie Apparatus


6.16 All required health and safety equipment

6.17 Clipboard

7.0 Procedure

7.1 When selecting the materials for well construction, the prime concern should be to selectmaterials that will not contribute foreign constituents, or remove contaminants of concernfrom the groundwater. All materials selected for monitoring well installation should beevaluated and approved by an experienced geologist.

Well screen and casing materials generally used in monitoring well construction are listedin order of preference:

$ Stainless Steel (304 or 316)$ Rigid PVC meeting NSF Standard 14

The length of well screens in permanent monitoring wells should be long enough toeffectively monitoring the interval or zone of interest. However, well screens designed forlong term monitoring purposes should normally not be less than 5 feet in length nor greaterthan 20 feet in length. Well screens less that 5 feet long should be used only in temporarymonitoring wells where groundwater samples are collected for screening purposes. Slotopenings for wells screens should be selected to retain 90 per cent or more of the filterpack material.

7.2 Monitoring Well Installation

7.2.1 Advance a borehole to the required depth using the procedures outline in one of thefollowing SOPs: SOP 5.1 (Hollow Stem Borehole Advancement), SOP 5.2 (SolidStem Borehole Advancement), SOP 5.3 (Mud Rotary Borehole Advancement), orSOP 5.4 (Air Rotary Borehole Advancement).

7.2.2 The diameter of the well to be installed will depend on the intended use for the welland possible engineering considerations and needs. A minimum two-inch annularspace is required between the borehole and the casing (for example the innerdiameter of the auger used to install a four-inch well shall be 8 1/4 inches). Whendrilling with hollow-stem augers, the inside diameter of the augers must be measuredto determine borehole size.

7.2.3 All well screen and well casing material should be new, of adequate structuralintegrity, and constructed of material that will be compatible with the contaminants





present (or anticipated). Screen size should be determined based on sieve analysisresults.

7.2.4 Place a threaded sump on the bottom most section of well screen and lower thesection into the open borehole.

7.2.5 Thread additional lengths of well screen together, as needed, until the appropriatetotal well screen length is achieved. Do not use cement or glue.

7.2.6 Install a locking well cap onto the well head. The well cap should have a small holedrilled to allow for pressure equalization.

7.2.7 Thread solid well casing (in 10-foot lengths) on to the well screen sections to completethe well to a height approximately two to three feet above ground surface. Do not usecement or glue.

Centralizers should be placed on wells greater than 50 feet.

7.2.8 Plumb the well string by the use of centralizers and/or a plumb bob and level. Anothermethod of placing the well screen and casings into the borehole and plumbing it at thesame time is to suspend the string of well screen and casings in the borehole bymeans of the wireline on the drill rig. The string of well screen and casings can beplaced into the borehole and plumbed in one easy operation. This wireline method isespecially useful if the borehole is deep and a long string of well screen and casingshave to be set and plumbed. Centralizers can be used to plumb a well, butcentralizers should be placed so that the placement of the filter pack, bentonite pelletseal, and annular grout will not be hindered. Centralizers placed in the wronglocations can cause bridging during material placement. Monitoring wells less than 50feet deep generally do not need centralizers. If centralizers are used they should beplaced below the well screen and above the bentonite pellet seal.

7.2.9 Place a minimum of 6-inches of filter pack material under the bottom of the wellscreen to provide a firm footing and an unrestricted flow under the screened area.Filter pack should extend a minimum of two feet above the top of the well screen, andshould be placed by a tremie pipe where possible. If drilling with hollow-stem augers,the augers should be lifted as the sand is tremied into the borehole.

If it is impracticable to tremie the filter pack, pouring the sand is acceptable in shallowboreholes (less than 50 feet), where the annular space is large enough to preventbridging. The level of the filter pack materials must be measured at appropriateintervals to ensure no bridging has occurred.

7.2.10 Once the filter pack material has been placed, place a seal above the filter pack in theannulus of the borehole to provide a watertight seal. The seal should be a minimumof two feet thick and should consist of a minimum of 20 percent solids bentonite. Thistype of bentonite is available in either powder or pellet form.





The preferred method of placing either bentonite pellets or a bentonite powder/watermixture is by tremie pipe. If this method is not practicable (pellets only), pouring thepellets is acceptable in shallow boreholes (less than 50 feet), where the annular spaceis large enough to prevent bridging. The pellets must be tamped, and measured atappropriate intervals to ensure they have not bridged.

The bentonite seal must be allowed to hydrate for eight hours or the manufacturer’srecommended hydration time, whichever is greater. Measure the seal after hydrationtime to ensure that the required two feet of seal is present.

7.2.11 After the bentonite seal has hydrated, grout the remainder of the borehole to preventsurface water infiltration.

7.2.12 Prepare the grout mixture for use. The preferred grout to use should be a 30% solidsbentonite grout with a minimum density of 10 lb/gal. All grouts should be prepared inaccordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. Cement grouts should be mixedusing 6.5 to 7 gallons of water per 94-lb bag of Type 1 Portland cement. The additionof bentonite (5 to 10 percent) to the cement grout is generally used to delay the"setting" time and may not be needed in all applications. The specific mixtures andother types of cement and/or grout proposed should be evaluated by an experiencedgeologist on a case by case basis. Drilling muds are not acceptable for grouting.

7.2.13 Place the grout mixture into the borehole, by the tremie method, from the top of thebentonite seal to within 2-feet of the ground surface or below the frostline, whicheveris greater. The tremie tube should have an option of a side discharge port or a bottomdischarge port, to minimize damage to the filter pack and/or the bentonite pellet seal,during grout placement.

7.2.14 Continue the grouting operation until the grout flowing out of the borehole hasachieved a significant density.

7.2.15 The outer protective casing should be installed into the borehole a minimum of 24hours after the grout has been poured.

Place the steel protective casing over the top of the well using a spacer to keep theprotective casing from resting directly on top of the well casing. Ensure that the lowerend of the protective casing extends into the grout seal.

7.2.16 Allow the grout to cure for a minimum of 24 hours before installing the concretesurface pad or conducting well development activities.

7.2.17 Clean and decontaminate all of the equipment used following the procedures outlinedin SOP 1.5 (Decontamination).

7.2.18 Document the installation of the well screen and riser, height of the filter pack,installation and thickness of the annular seal, types and quantities of grout materialused in the field book, recording the type of materials used, the lengths of screen and





riser sections, the bottom depth of the boring, the screen slot size, and any sumps orcaps placed on the bottom of the well.

7.3 Outer Protective Casings

7.3.1 The outer protective casings used over 2-inch well casings should be 4 inches squareby 5 feet long. Similarly, protective casings used over 4-inch well casings should be 6inches square and 5 feet long. Round protective casings are also acceptable.

7.3.2 All protective casings should have sufficient clearance around the inner well casings,so that the outer protective casings will not come into contact with the inner wellcasings after installation.

7.3.3 The protective casings should have a minimum of two weep holes for drainage.These weep holes should be a minimum 1/4-inch in diameter and drilled into theprotective casings just above the top of the concrete surface pads to prevent waterfrom standing inside of the protective casings.

7.3.4 Protective casings made of aluminum or other soft metals are normally not acceptablebecause they are not strong enough to resist tampering. Aluminum protective casingmay be used in very corrosive environments such as coastal areas.

7.3.5 After the wells have been installed, the outer protective casing should be painted witha highly visible enamel paint. The wells should be permanently marked with the wellnumber, date installed, site name, elevation, etc., either on the cover or anappropriate place that will not be easily damaged and/or vandalized.

7.3.6 Upright completions are the preferred completion method, but if the monitoring wellsare installed in a high traffic area such as a parking lot, in a residential yard, or alongthe side of a road it may be desirable to finish the wells to the ground surface andinstall water-tight flush mounted traffic and/or man-hole covers.

7.3.7 Flush mounted traffic and man-hole covers are designed to extend from the groundsurface down into the concrete plug around the well casing. Although flush mountedcovers may vary in design, they should have seals that make the unit water-tightwhen closed and secured.

7.3.8 The flush mounted covers should be installed as far above grade as practical tominimize standing water and promote runoff.

7.3.9 Permanent identification markings should be placed on the covers or in the concreteplug around the cover.

7.4 Concrete Surface Pad

7.4.1 A concrete surface pad should be installed around each well at the same time as theouter protective casing is being installed (24 hours after grout [Annular Seal] has beenpoured).





7.4.2 The surface pad should be formed around the well casing.

7.4.3 Concrete should be placed into the formed pad and into the borehole (on top of thegrout) in one operation making a contiguous unit.

7.4.4 The size of the concrete surface pad should be 4 feet x 4 feet x 6 inches.

7.4.5 Round concrete surface pads are also acceptable.

7.4.6 The finished pad should be sloped so that drainage will flow away from the protectivecasing and off of the pad. In addition, a minimum of one inch of the finished padshould be below grade or ground elevation to prevent washing and undermining bysoil erosion.

7.4.7 At each site, all locks on the outer protective casings should be keyed alike.

7.5 Surface Protection-Bumper Guards

7.5.1 If the monitoring wells are located in a high traffic area, a minimum of three bumperguards consisting of steel pipes 3 to 4 inches in diameter and a minimum 5-footlength should be installed.

7.5.2 These bumper guards should be installed to a minimum depth of 2 feet below theground surface in a concrete footing and extend a minimum of 3 feet above groundsurface.

7.5.3 Concrete should also be placed into the steel pipe to provide additional strength.

7.5.4 Steel rails and/or other steel materials can be used in place of steel pipe but shouldbe approved by an experienced geologist prior to installation.

7.6 Piezometers

7.6.1 Piezometers shall be installed using the procedures described in Section 7.2 of this SOP.

7.6.2 Piezometers shall be constructed using methods or materials that do not contaminategroundwater or allow hydraulic communication between water-bearing units orbetween the ground surface and water-bearing units,

7.6.3 Piezometers that penetrate more than one water-bearing unit shall be constructed in amanner that allows fluid from only one unit to enter them, and

7.6.4 The straightness and plumbness of piezometers shall be the same as for boreholesand monitoring wells.

7.7 Suction Lysimeters

7.7.1 Suction lysimeters shall be installed in 4-inch (nominal) diameter boring created by ahand auger. No fluids or air shall be used to advance the borings.

7.7.2 After augering down to the desired installation depth for the suction lysimeter, theexcavated soil shall be saved for use in backfilling and not allowed to dry. Soil





excavated from the bottom six inches of the boring shall be loosened, and pebblesgreater than 1/4 inch in diameter shall be removed. A minimum of three inches ofsilica flour is added to the bottom of the borehole by placing a small diameter PVCpipe (at least one foot longer than the depth of the borehole) with a funnel attached tothe top of it down at the bottom of the borehole and pouring the silica flour into thefunnel.

7.7.3 The porous cups shall be saturated with analyte free water at the time of installationso that gas shall not enter the sampler. The cup may be saturated by placing anevacuated lysimeter in a container of water. The saturated cups may be stored forseveral hours in a glass jar with a Teflon7 lid containing some analyte free water.

7.7.4 The soil shall be placed around the porous cup and tamped to ensure intimate contactbetween the cup and soil.

7.7.5 Soil slurries shall not be placed around the porous cup. If a slurry is necessary,analyte free water shall be used. The volume of water added shall be recorded. At aminimum, the volume of slurry shall be drawn and discarded before samples aretaken for analysis. In all cases where a slurry is used the first volume of sample thatenters the lysimeter shall be discarded.

7.7.6 Lower the suction lysimeter, by hand, down into the borehole, and allow it to settledown into the silica flour.

7.7.7 Add additional silica flour at the bottom of the borehole until level is approximately fourto six inches above the porous ceramic cap at the bottom of the suction lysimeter.

7.7.8 Excavated soil shall be backfilled in the horizon from which it came and tamped to adensity approximating its undisturbed condition. The soil shall be backfilled in lifts notgreater than one foot.

7.7.9 A 3-inch thick bentonite plug shall be placed 6 inches below land surface to preventfluids from running down the boring.

7.7.10 Clamp each of the two plastic vacuum line tubes with hose clamps.

7.7.11 Secure the plastic vacuum line tubes extending out of the ground by installing a metalstandpipe over the borehole and grouting the standpipe in place by filling theremaining six inches of the borehole with concrete. The grout and standpipe will alsohelp to prevent infiltration of surface water.

7.7.12 Clean and decontaminate all of the equipment used following the procedures outlinedin SOP 1.5 (Decontamination).

7.7.13 Samples collected from suction lysimeter shall be preserved and handled the sameas groundwater samples.






8.1 Document the following on the Well Completion Form (Figure 1) and in the field book:

8.1.1 The installation of the well screen and riser

8.1.2 The height of the filter pack

8.1.3 The installation and thickness of the annular seal

8.1.4 The types and quantities of grout material used in the field book

8.1.5 The type of materials used

8.1.6 The lengths of screen and riser sections

8.1.7 The bottom depth of the boring

8.1.8 The screen slot size

8.1.9 Any sumps or caps placed on the bottom of the well

8.2 Documentation for the installation of suction lysimeters should include the following:

8.2.1 The depth at which the porous cup is installed

8.2.2 The final pressure at the time the lysimeter is evacuated

8.2.3 The pressure at the time the lysimeter is sampled

8.2.4 The time between lysimeter evacuation and sampling

8.2.5 Instrument calibrations

8.3 Submit Water Well Reports to the Texas Water Development Board.

8.4 All documentation will be retained in the project files following completion of the project.


9.1 The borehole will be checked for total open depth, and extended by further drilling orshortened with a grout plug, if necessary, before any well construction materials areplaced.

9.2 The depth to the top of each layer of packing (i.e., sand, bentonite, grout, etc.) will beverified and adjusted if necessary to conform to the requirements of this SOP and theproject Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) before the next layer is placed.


10.1 Disposable PPE, paper towels, and excess packaging materials shall be disposed of inappropriate containers in accordance with SOP 1.4 (Management of Investigation DerivedWaste).

10.2 Soil cuttings should be containerized in 55-gallon Department of Transportation (DOT)approved drums.





11.0 References


11.2 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Standard Operating Procedure 5.5. MonitorWell Installation and Completion.







Revision 0Monitoring Well Development and Abandonment



This standard operating procedure (SOP) provides guidance for monitoring well development orabandonment. The purpose of developing new monitoring wells is to remove residual materialsremaining in the wells after installation has been completed, and to re-establish the natural hydraulicflow conditions of the formations in the immediate vicinity of each well screen which may have beendisturbed by well construction.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Development - physically remove or the process of removing all fine materials, andsediment generated during construction of the well, by means including but not limited tosurging, air surging or lifting, over pumping, backwashing, high velocity jetting or bailing ofthe completed well.

2.2 Abandonment – permanently discontinuing the use of a well, test hole, or dry hole byremoving the well construction materials and placing grout in the hole to prevent downwardmigration of fluids.



3.2 Monitoring well development and abandonment may involve chemical hazards associatedwith materials in the soil or aquifer being explored; and always involves physical hazardsassociated with the heavy equipment that may be used for various developmenttechniques.


4.1 A newly completed monitoring well should not be developed for at least 24 hours afterinstallation. This will allow sufficient time for the well materials to cure before developmentprocedures are initiated.

4.2 When surging the well with a surge block, care should be taken to not damage the screenof the well while surging.

4.3 Caution should be taken when using high rate pumps and/or large volume air compressorsduring well development because excessive high rate pumping and high air pressures candamage or destroy the well screen and filter pack.











5.5 Development of new monitoring wells are the responsibility of the geologist orhydrogeologist involved in the original installation of the wells. The geologist may contractwith the well driller to develop new wells under the geologist's guidance and oversight.Records of well development methods and results are to be kept by the geologist.

5.6 It is the responsibility of the site operations manager to assure that the proper monitoringwell development and abandonment procedures are followed and that all developmentwaters and waste materials generated by decontamination are properly labeled, stored,and disposed of according to proper procedures.


6.1 Maps/plot plan

6.2 As-built diagrams of monitoring wells


6.4 Field data sheets


6.6 Water level indicator

6.7 Camera and film

6.8 Bailer or pump

6.9 Nylon rope

6.10 Pump controller (if required)

6.11 Generator, if pump is used





6.12 Air compressor, if bladder pump is used

6.13 Gas for generator/air compressor

6.14 Surge block

6.15 Appropriate pump fittings (e.g., hose clamps, barbed fittings, etc.)

6.16 Discharge tubing for pump

6.17 Field parameter instruments (pH meter, thermometer, conductivity meter, turbidimeter, DOmeter)

6.18 Drums

6.19 Marking pen for labeling drums

6.20 Wrench for opening/sealing drums


7.0 Procedure


7.2 Well Development

7.2.1 All monitoring well development equipment shall be decontaminated in accordancewith SOP 1.5 (Decontamination) before any development activities are initiated.

7.2.2 Well development shall occur a minimum of 24 hours after the installation of themonitoring well.

7.2.3 Collect water level measurements in accordance SOP 7.1 (Water LevelMeasurements).

7.2.4 Calculate the well volume in accordance SOP 7.2 (Monitor Well Purging with a Bailer)or 7.3 (Monitor Well Purging with a Pump).

7.2.5 Assemble well development equipment in accordance with SOP 7.2 (Monitor WellPurging with a Bailer) or 7.3 (Monitor Well Purging with a Pump), depending upon thedevelopment method.

7.2.6 Begin developing the well using the development method selected.

7.2.7 Place development water into 55-gallon drums. See SOP 1.4 (Management ofInvestigation Derived Wastes) for labeling and handling drums.

7.2.8 Collect field parameters after each well volume in accordance with SOP 7.5(Measurement of Monitor Well Field Parameters) and record in field book or on thefield data sheet.





7.2.9 As purge water clears, place a surge block (or weighted bailer) in the well and lowerthe surge block until it is near the top of the screen. Alternately raise and lower thesurge block through the vertical distance of one to two feet. The velocity of the surgeblock motion will depend on the tightness of the formation in which the well isinstalled.

7.2.10 After surging the well a few times at a given depth, move the surge block deeper intothe by one or two feet and repeat step 8.

7.2.11 Repeat steps 8 and 9 until the surge block has been lowered to the bottom of thescreened section of the well.

7.2.12 Slowly raise the surge block out of the well.

7.2.13 Purge the well of sediment that may have accumulated due to the mechanicalsurging.

7.2.14 Repeat steps 7 through 12 until the purge water remains clear and field parametershave stabilized.

7.2.15 If the well is pumped to dryness or near dryness, the water table should be allowed tosufficiently recover (to the static water level) before the next development period isinitiated. Continuous purging over a period of several days may be necessary tocomplete the well development.

7.2.16 The on-site geologist should make the decision as to the development completion ofeach well. All field decisions should be documented in the field book.

7.3 Well Abandonment

7.3.1 Remove all surface casing and well casing materials from the well borehole. This maybe achieved either through pulling the casing or over-drilling the casing. Exceptionsmay be made for steel surface casings. In the event the entire length of steel surfacecasing cannot be pulled free, the steel casing should be cut at a depth of at leastthree feet below surface and this section is to be pulled free.

7.3.2 Redrill the borehole with a bit diameter at least equal to the diameter of originalborehole to remove the sand pack, bentonite plug, and grout seal. In the event thesteel surface casing cannot be removed, the bit diameter for redrilling of the boreholeshall be at least equal to the internal steel casing diameter minus one inch.

7.3.3 Pressure grout the borehole using a tremie pipe, grouting from the bottom of theborehole to the top using a cement-bentonite slurry (i.e., one 94-pound sack ofPortland type II cement, 7.5 to 8 gallons of water, and 3 to 5 percent bentonitepowder).

7.3.4 Remove the well pad, protective steel casing, bumper posts, and any other ancillarywell features/materials.





7.3.5 Restore the ground level at the well location to the original grade. Documentdeviations from these procedures in the field book.


8.1 The field book will be completed by the geologist or hydrogeologist conducting thedevelopment and abandonment. In addition, a field book should be maintained detailingany problems or unusual conditions that may have occurred during the development andabandonment process. Any inability to return the well to the original specifications will benoted in the field book.

8.2 Complete the State of Texas Well Abandonment form and submit to the Texas WaterDevelopment Board.

8.3 All documentation will be retained in the project files following completion of the project.


A well has been successfully developed when one or more of the following criteria are met:

• the well yields only clear, sediment-free water,or

• field parameters have stabilized:

- pH to within ± 0.5 pH unit,

- specific conductance to within ± 10%,

- temperature to within ± 1°C.



10.2 Well development fluids should be collected containerized in 55-gallon Department ofTransportation (DOT) approved drums.

11.0 References


11.2 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Standard Operating Procedure 5.6. MonitorWell Development and Abandonment.



Revision 0Collection of VOC Samples



The objective of this standard operating procedure (SOP) is to provide guidance for the sampling ofvolatile organic compounds (VOCs).2.0 Definitions

Volatile organic compounds – Organic compounds with boiling points below 200°C and are amenable toremoval from sample media with purging.



3.2 Sampling procedures must be conducted in accordance with the health and safetyrequirements prescribed in site-specific health and safety plan (HASP) and applicablematerial safety data sheets (MSDS).

3.3 Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) are described in the HASP and MSDS.The minimum PPE includes nitrile gloves or other gloves as specified in the MSDS as well asfoot and eye protection. PPE requirements may be upgraded depending on the level ofpersonnel exposure.


4.1 Groundwater Sample Collection

4.1.1 Air bubbles in sample may cause loss of volatile compounds. Make sure that there areno air bubbles in the sample bottle.

4.1.2 Agitation may cause loss of volatile compounds. Be careful not to agitate the sample.

4.1.3 Store sample containers in a chilled cooler. Maintain sufficient ice to keep the cooler at4 ± 2oC.

4.2 Soil Sample Collection

4.2.1 Minimize headspace in the coring device to avoid loss of volatile compounds.

4.2.2 To avoid loss of volatile compounds in the sample jars, minimize headspace in the jar.

4.2.3 Store sample containers in a chilled cooler. Maintain sufficient ice to keep the cooler at4 ± 2oC.

4.3 During sample shipment, all conditions relating to the isolation/segregation of the samplesfrom potential contaminants (gasoline/diesel engines or generators, highly contaminatedsamples, etc.) must be observed.











5.5 The project scientist will be responsible for the proper use and maintenance of all types ofequipment used for obtaining samples; and the collection, labeling, handling and storage ofall samples until further C-O-C procedures are undertaken.

5.6 It is the responsibility of the site operations manager to assure that the properdecontamination procedures are followed and that all waste materials produced bydecontamination and sampling procedures are properly labeled stored and disposed of inaccordance with SOP 1.4 (Management of Investigation Derived Waste).


6.1 Tape measure (in tenths of feet)

6.2 Knife


6.4 Waterproof and permanent marking pens

6.5 Duct tape

6.6 Latex gloves

6.7 Decontamination supplies

6.8 Paper towels


6.10 40-ml volatile organic analysis vials with PFTE-lined septum caps containing appropriatepreservatives and stir bars





6.11 Cooler with ice

6.12 Re-sealable plastic bags

6.13 Organic Vapor Meter (e.g. Photoionization Detector [PID] or Organic Vapor Meter [OVM])

6.14 Coring device designed to fit snugly against the mouth of a 40-ml VOA vial or small enoughto fit inside the vial. The coring device should also be designed to minimize the disturbanceof the sample during collection. Several calibrated coring devices are available commercially.If the sampling team is not using a coring/sampling device that is calibrated to 5 grams, it isrecommended that the sampling team practice collecting 5 grams using the chosen samplingdevice and a balance as described in Section 6.2.1.4 of Method 5035.

6.15 Balance

6.16 Bailer (stainless steel or disposable) or low-flow submersible pump, peristaltic pump withappropriate tubing

6.17 Scoop or spatula

6.18 2-oz. sample jars

6.19 Labels

7.0 Procedure


7.2 All containers and sampling devices must be pre-cleaned and/or be certified free of VOCs.

7.3 The sample vial should be a standard 40-ml VOA vial with a PTFE-lined septum that can behermetically sealed.

7.4 Groundwater Sample Collection

7.4.1 Wells shall be purged in accordance with one of the following SOPs: SOP 7.2 (MonitorWell Purging with a Bailer), SOP 7.3 (Monitor Well Purging with a Pump), or SOP 7.3(Monitor Well Micro Purging) until parameters stabilize.

7.4.2 Label sample bottles in accordance with the Field Sampling Plan (FSP), QualityAssurance Project Plan (QAPP), or SOP 6.5 (Sample Handling and Control).

7.4.3 Collect sample in accordance with SOP 7.7 (Groundwater Sampling using a Pump) orSOP 7.8 (Groundwater Sampling using Low-Flow Techniques).

7.4.4 Care must be taken when filling a VOC bottle to direct a slow, steady stream of waterdown the side of the bottle to minimize aeration of the sample.





7.4.5 Fill the sample container to the top of the container so that a meniscus is formed. Allowany air bubbles to rise to the surface. Carefully and quickly screw the cap onto thecontainer and finger tighten.

7.4.6 Invert the sample and tap it gently, looking for any air bubbles. If the sample contains airbubbles, discard the sample and repeat the sampling process with a new samplingcontainer.

7.5 Soil Sample Collection

7.5.1 This section is based on the TCEQ Guidance on SW846-5035 and provides instructionsfor the implementation of Method 5035.

7.5.2 The recommended method of sample collection for both low and high concentration soilsis the closed system field collection using hermetically sealed 40-ml VOA vials orhermetically sealed intermediate sample containers. Three vials are needed for aregular sample, and 6 vials are need for a matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate sample(MS/MSD). Bulk sampling can be used for sample points where the contamination isexpected to be high or where the procedure requires a sample volume that exceeds therecommended 5 grams, such as TCLP determination, or where a sample using Method5035 procedures cannot be collected.

7.5.3 The tare weight of the sample vial including cap, septum, and label must be determinedand recorded on the label prior to shipping the vials to the field for sample collection.Clean gloves should be worn when handling tared vials.

7.5.4 Exposure to air must be minimized by obtaining the sample directly from the samplesource using a coring device or a commercially designed sampling device and bytransferring the sample as quickly as possible to a 40-ml VOA vial (or sealing the sampleborer/hermetically sealed sample container immediately). The 40-ml vial must behermetically sealed immediately after placing the sample in the vial. The vial should bequickly wiped free of any particulate matter that would compromise the integrity of thevial seal. Clean gloved fingers should be used to minimize exposure to air by forming atemporary seal between the vial and the sampling device. The coring device can beused to collect multiple aliquots from the same sample point provided the integrity of thecoring device is not compromised. If the coring device is designed and approved to beused as a temporary storage device for transport to the laboratory, the manufacturer’sinstructions should be followed.

7.5.5 The sample size collected should be approximately 5 grams (10 grams for TPH analysisby TNRCC 1005 and 1006).

7.5.6 For non-cohesive soils and waste (e.g., dry sand, fly ash, etc.), for highly cohesivematerials (e.g., concrete, rock, etc), and for soils that have high compressive and shearstrength, the sample should be quickly transferred into a 2 ounce jar using a scoop orspatula. Sufficient sample volume should be collected such that the headspace in the jaris minimized.





7.5.7 A bulk sample with no preservative should be collected to use for screening purposesand moisture determination, but not for quantitative analysis.

7.5.8 Sample containers remain unopened from the time of collection until analysis.

7.5.9 The use of a balance in the field may be required to check the tare weight when fieldpreservation with methanol is being conducted. For other sample collection procedures,balances are used to verify that an adequate volume (weight) of soil is collected,because the initial soil sample size will affect the quantitation limit that can be achievedon the sample.

7.6 All samples must be properly packaged (SOP 6.4) and chilled to 4±2°C immediately uponcollection.

7.7 Decontaminate all non-disposable sampling equipment prior to moving to another samplelocation and/or at the end of the day.


8.1 Various forms are required to ensure that adequate documentation is made of the samplecollection activities. These forms include:

• field books

• sample logs

• chain-of-custody forms

• shipping forms

8.2 The field book will be maintained as an overall log of all samples collected throughout thestudy. These documents will be retained in the appropriate project files.


9.1 Field quality control measures should include a trip blank in every sample cooler thatcontains samples for volatile analysis regardless of the sample collection technique.

9.2 Field duplicates as specified in the QAPP or one per every 20 samples must be collected.



10.2 Excess sample volume shall be disposed of in appropriate containers in accordance withSOP 1.4 (Management of Investigation Derived Waste).





11.0 References


11.2 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Standard Operating Procedure 6.3 Collectionof VOC Samples.



Revision 0Sample Handling and Control



This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) specifies packaging and shipping procedures for non-hazardous environmental samples. Packaging and shipping procedures for common preservatives anddecontamination fluids are also addressed.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Regulations for transportation of hazardous materials in interstate, intrastate, and foreigncommerce by rail car, aircraft, motor vehicle, and vessel are promulgated in 49 CFR Parts171 through 181.

2.2 Regulations for packing, marking, labeling, and shipping of dangerous goods by airtransport are promulgated by the International Air Transport Authority (IATA), which isequivalent to United Nations International Civil Aviation Organization (UN/ICAO).

2.3 Regulations for packing, marking, labeling, and shipping of dangerous goods by marinevessel are promulgated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

2.4 Personnel who are involved in packaging, shipping, and receipt of samples must be awareof DOT regulations, know when to apply them, and know what procedures are needed tosupport this application.

2.5 Hazardous environmental samples are defined as those samples whose total concentrationof flammable, toxic, corrosive or otherwise hazardous constituents is likely to be equal to orgreater than one percent by volume. Hazardous samples are typically highlycontaminated; for example, oils, sludges, discarded products, and items that exhibit ahazard as defined by DOT, or if it is suspected that they may be explosive, reactive,poisonous, toxic, flammable, or corrosive. Hazardous waste samples taken for chemicalanalysis are normally shipped in small volumes. Packaging and shipping requirements forhazardous samples are typically determined based on any known contaminants orcharacteristics of the samples. Personnel who ship samples considered a DOThazardous material must be trained in accordance with the requirements set forth in 49CFR 172.704. Contact the URS DOT Expert for guidance on packaging and shippingof these types of samples.

2.6 The National Investigation Center Policies and Procedures Manual, EPA-330/9-78/001-R,Revised May 1986, defines “chain-of-custody” as:

1. It is in your possession, or

2. It is in your view, after being in your possession, or

3. It was in your possession and then you locked it up to prevent tampering, or

4. It is in a designated secure area.





2.7 Custodian - the person responsible for the custody of the samples at a particular time, untilcustody is transferred to another person (and so documented), who then becomes thecustodian.

2.8 Chain-of-Custody Form - a printed form that accompanies a sample or group of samples ascustody of the sample(s) is transferred from custodian to subsequent custodian.




3.3 Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) are described in the HASP and MSDS.The minimum PPE includes nitrile gloves or other gloves as specified in the MSDS as wellas foot and eye protection. PPE requirements may be upgraded depending on the level ofpersonnel exposure.


This procedure does not have known cautions or interferences.














6.1 Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) as described in the HASP and MSDS.This includes nitrile gloves or other gloves suitable for handling samples, as well as eyeprotection.

6.2 Sample containers: size, type and preservative are dependent upon analyses to beperformed. The appropriate sampling and/or analysis SOPs will specify the correct bottlesize, type and preservative.

6.3 Durable cooler with no cracks

6.4 Sample container bubble-wrap sleeves (pre-sized and pre-cut), styrofoam, or other suitablepacking material

6.5 Plastic bag with twist tie (large enough to enclose sample containers, ice and packagingmaterials)

6.6 Cushioning materials such as styrofoam pellets, vermiculite, bubble wrap, etc.

6.7 Waterproof chain-of-custody seals

6.8 Samples in appropriate containers. Sample collection documentation and sample labelsshould have been completed in accordance with SOP 6.1 (Documentation).

6.9 Clear plastic shipping tape or strapping tape

6.10 Resealable plastic bags, gallon and quart size

6.11 Sufficient ice to chill samples to 4°C

6.12 Waterproof shipping labels and shipping manifests

6.13 Permanent ink pens, permanent markers, etc

6.14 Paper towels

6.15 Trip Blank

6.16 Temperature Blank

6.17 Duct tape and strapping tape





7.0 Procedure

7.1 Request sample kits in advance of scheduled sample collection from one the subcontractlaboratory.

7.2 Collect appropriate amount of sample in proper container using procedures in samplingSOP.

7.3 Wipe the outside of the container with a paper towel.

7.4 Label sample jars as described in URS SOP 1.6 (Chain-of-Custody) or URS SOP 6.1(Documentation).

7.5 Put the glass sample containers in bubble wrap and seal the bubble wrap.

7.6 Place containers in resealable plastic bags.

7.7 (Optional) Place thin layer of vermiculate on bottom of cooler.

7.8 Double bag sufficient ice to completely cover the bottom of the cooler (usually 2 x 1 gallonand 2 x 1 quart bags).

7.9 Carefully arrange samples in the cooler.

7.9.1 Make sure the cooler has a temperature blank.

7.9.2 Try to put all volatile samples in one cooler to minimize the number of trip blanks.Place the Trip Blank in the cooler with the volatiles samples.

7.10 Put a piece of duct tape on top of the cooler and record each sample placed in the cooler.This allows for a comparison of the C-O-C with the contents.

7.11 Place a layer of double-bagged ice on top of the sample bottles. Use quart size resealablebags.

7.12 If shipping samples, place a completed C-O-C in a large resealable bag, seal, and ducttape to the inside of the cooler lid.

7.13 Close cooler and wrap duct tape completely around the gap between the lid and coolerbody for a tight seal.

7.14 Apply signed C-O-C seals over the lid and cooler body on opposite sides.

7.15 Wrap strapping tape completely around the cooler.

7.16 Tape plug on bottom of cooler shut.






8.1 C-O-C form examples are in URS SOP 6.1 (Documentation). Various forms are required toensure that adequate documentation is made of the sample collection activities. Theseforms include:

• field books

• monitoring well sampling forms

• C-O-C forms

8.2 Document data in field book or on the appropriate sampling form.

8.3 The field book will be maintained as an overall log of all samples collected throughout thestudy. Sample collection documents will be retained in the appropriate project files.

8.4 Retain a copy of the executed C-O-C form. The original C-O-C form will be sent back toURS with the final laboratory report.

8.5 If samples are shipped by common carrier (i.e., Federal Express, UPS, etc.), a copy of theCommon Carrier airbill or bill of lading must be obtained and filed with the C-O-C in theproject files. These shipping manifests are part of the C-O-C documentation.

8.6 Do not ship if sample does not have appropriate DOT documentation. When in doubt,contact the URS DOT Expert for guidance.

8.7 The person(s) collecting the sample is (are) responsible for the sample from the time ofsample collection through all shipping phases until the sampler has confirmed that thelaboratory has received the sample and has not identified any issues (e.g., bottle condition,temperature, pH, etc.) that would mandate resampling.


9.1 This SOP must be strictly followed. If these procedures are not strictly followed, DOTviolations could occur. In addition, samples could reach the laboratory out of specificationand resampling may be required.

9.2 Review DOT shipping requirements before classifying samples as either DOT non-hazardous environmental samples or DOT hazardous samples and before shippingsamples.

9.3 Re-training of samplers (URS employees or contractor employees) will be required ifsample integrity is compromised or if applicable and relevant shipping regulations are notstrictly followed.


10.1 Do not collect and ship more than the quantity of samples needed for analytical tests.





10.2 Disposable PPE, paper towels, and excess packaging materials shall be disposed of inappropriate containers.

11.0 References

11.1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Environmental Investigations StandardOperating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual. USEPA Region 4. May 1996.

11.2 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Standard Operating Procedure 6.1Documentation.



Revision 0Collection of QA/QC Samples



Quality assurance/quality control samples (QA/QC) are collected to attempt to determine if samplecollection procedures had an impact on the sample integrity. Sample integrity is evaluated as part of thedata validation process and consists of reviewing and assessing the quality of data and determine theusability of the data based on previously defined objectives.2.0 Definitions

2.1 Trip Blank - a sample which is prepared prior to the sampling event in the actual containerand is stored with the investigative samples throughout the sampling event. They are thenpackaged for shipment with the other samples and submitted for analysis.

2.2 Field Blanks -- a sample that is prepared in the field to evaluate the potential forcontamination of a sample by site contaminants from a source not associated with thesample collected (for example airborne dust or organic vapors which could contaminate asoil sample).

2.3 Duplicate Sample -- two or more samples collected from a common source. The purposeof a duplicate sample is to estimate the variability of a given characteristic or contaminantassociated with a population.

2.4 Temperature Blank – container filled with water used by the laboratory to measure thetemperature of the samples upon receipt.






4.1 The types of QA/QC samples and frequency for collection are typically outlined in theproject Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). It is important to identify the samplefrequency prior to beginning the field effort. QA/QC samples should be selected to matchthe sampling program (i.e., it is not necessary to collect trip blanks for sites where onlysamples for metals analysis are being collected).














6.1 Precleaned sample containers (with preservatives, if required)

6.2 Analyte-free water (distilled or deionized)

6.3 Equipment as prescribed for collecting soil or groundwater samples

6.4 Trip Blank


7.0 Procedure

7.1 Equipment Blanks for Non-dedicated Sampling Equipment

7.1.1 Refer to URS SOP 1.5 (Decontamination) for decontamination procedures.

7.1.2 Properly decontaminate the sampling device. Equipment blanks are not collected ondisposable equipment (e.g., disposable bailers).





7.1.3 Select the proper sample containers and an appropriate quantity of analyte-free water(deionized or distilled).

7.1.4 Complete the sample labels with the appropriate information.

7.1.5 As a final rinse, slowly pour the analyte-free water through or over the sampling deviceuntil the sample bottle is filled to the appropriate level.

7.1.6 Securely tighten the cap on the bottle.

7.1.7 Prepare the bottle for shipment in accordance with SOP 6.5 (Sampling Handling andControl).

7.2 Field Blanks

7.2.1 Field blanks should be collected downwind of possible VOC sources.

7.2.2 Select the proper sample containers (VOC vials) for collecting the sample and anappropriate quantity of analyte-free water.


7.2.4 Pour the water into the vial just to overflowing so that there is a meniscus at the top ofthe vials. Refer to URS SOP 6.3 (Collection of VOC Samples)

7.2.5 Securely tighten the lid on the sample vials.

7.2.6 Prepare the sample for shipment in accordance with SOP 6.5 (Sampling Handling andControl).

7.3 Field Duplicate Samples

7.3.1 Duplicate samples should be collected simultaneously or in immediate succession, usingidentical recovery techniques, and treated in an identical manner during storage,transportation, and analysis as the field samples. If possible, collect duplicate samples incontaminated areas to assess the laboratory’s ability to measure contamination. Consultthe project work plan or quality assurance project plan for the duplicate frequency.

7.3.2 Select the proper sample containers for collecting a sample and a duplicate sample.


7.3.4 Collect the sample as described in the appropriate sampling SOP.For Groundwater Samples:

7.3.5 Fill each VOC container completely.

7.3.6 Fill the remaining sample bottles half full then fill the duplicate sample bottles half full.

7.3.7 Fill the remainder of the sample bottle then the remainder of the duplicate sample bottle.If a bailer is used, attempt to place equal quantities from each bailer into the sample andduplicate bottles.





For Soil Samples:7.3.8 Collect the sample in accordance with the appropriate sampling SOP but collect double

the required sample volume.

7.3.9 Do not homogenize samples for VOC analyses as the homogenization will cause arelease of VOC constituents. Collect VOC samples as close to

7.3.10 Place the sample material into a stainless steel bowl and homogenize the sample asdescribed in URS SOP 6.2 (Homogenization of Soil Samples).

7.3.11 Quarter the sample bowl and set aside two of the sample quarters. Homogenize thesample again.

7.3.12 Fill the appropriate sample jars using the material from the bowl, placing equal portionsof sample into the sample bottles.

7.3.13 Securely tighten the caps on the sample bottles.

7.3.14 Prepare the sample for shipment in accordance with SOP 6.5 (Sampling Handling andControl).

7.4 Field Replicate (Split) Samples

7.4.1 If possible, collect field replicate samples from contaminated areas to assess thelaboratory’s ability to measure contamination.

7.4.2 Select the proper sample containers for collecting a sample and a replicate sample.


7.4.4 Prepare the sample using the same methods described in Section 7.3.

7.4.5 Place the field replicate samples in a separate cooler for shipment to the secondlaboratory.

7.5 Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate (MS/MSD)

7.5.1 Many laboratories can prepare the MS/MSD samples from the submitted sample volume.The sampler is only required to identify the sample for MS/MSD analysis on the chain ofcustody.

7.5.2 If the sampler is required to collect MS/MSD samples, they should be collected asreplicate samples but with three sets of samples (one original sample, one matrix spikesample, and one matrix spike duplicate).


7.6.1 Temperature blanks are typically prepared by the analytical laboratory and included inthe shipment of sample coolers and containers. One temperature blank should bereturned to the laboratory in each sample cooler.

7.7 Trip Blank





7.7.1 Trip blanks are usually prepared by the analytical laboratory using analyte-free water andincluded in the shipment of sample coolers and containers.

7.7.2 Trip blanks should only be submitted with samples requiring VOC analysis. One tripblank should be included in each sample cooler containing samples for VOC analysis.

7.7.3 Prepare the coolers for shipment to the laboratory. If possible, pack all samples for VOCanalysis in one cooler so that only one trip blank is required.

7.7.4 Identify the trip blank on the chain-of-custody record. If the project will continue forseveral days, be sure to number trip blanks sequentially so that multiple trip blanks withthe same identification number are not submitted to the laboratory.

7.7.5 Ensure that VOC analysis is the selected analysis for the trip blank on the C-O-C.


8.1 Chain-of-Custody form examples are in SOP 6.1 (Documentation). Various forms arerequired to ensure that adequate documentation is made of the sample collection activities.These forms include:

• field books


• C-O-C forms

8.2 Document sample collection in the field book or on sampling forms.



9.1 Adequacy of sampling and representativeness is monitored with field duplicate samples.

9.2 The potential for cross-contamination is evaluated using equipment rinsates.

9.3 Other sources of contamination are evaluated with field blanks and trip blanks.



10.2 Excess sample should be collected into a 5-gallon bucket and containerized with purgewater in 55-gallon Department of Transportation (DOT) approved drums.

11.0 References





11.1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Environmental Investigations StandardOperating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual. USEPA Region 4. May 1996.

11.2 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Standard Operating Procedure 6.5Collection of QA/QC Samples.



Revision 0Groundwater Sampling using Low-Flow Techniques



This standard operating procedure (SOP) describes the procedures for sampling a monitoring well usinglow-flow techniques. Low-flow methods are typically used in conjunction with micropurging (See SOP7.4). Most hazardous waste site investigations utilize some form of a groundwater sampling ormonitoring program to fully characterize the nature and extent of groundwater contamination. In order toobtain a representative groundwater sample for chemical analysis it is important to remove stagnantwater in the borehole or pump tubing before collection of the sample. This may be achieved using avariety of instruments including pumps and bailers. Once purging is completed sampling may proceed.Sampling may be conducted with any of the above tools, and need not be the same as the device usedfor purging.

2.0 Definitions

Low-flow - refers to the velocity with which water enters the pump intake, or the velocity with which waterpasses through the well screen (not the rate of discharge of water from the pump tubing). Water drawninto the pump is only that water that is directly adjacent to the pump intake (presuming that the intake issituated within the well screen).



3.2 Sampling procedures must be conducted in accordance with the Health and SafetyRequirements prescribed in site-specific HASP and applicable MSDS.



4.1 The primary goal in performing groundwater sampling is to obtain a representative sampleof the formation water.

4.2 Pumps should be easily cleaned, reusable, able to operate at remote sites with a generatoror battery, and capable of delivering variable rates for sample collection.

4.3 Wells should be sampled no less than 24 hours after development.

4.4 Wells should be sampled in order from least contaminated to most contaminated or fromupgradient to downgradient if chemistry is unknown.

4.5 In very low permeability formations, alternative types of sampling points and methods maybe required. This may require extremely low flow purging (<0.1 L/min), and possibly





repeated recovering of the water during purging while leaving the pump in place or in thewell screen.

4.6 All non-dedicated equipment shall be decontaminated in accordance with SOP 1.5(Decontamination) prior to use, between each sampling location, and upon completion ofthe sampling activities.

4.7 Verify that appropriate sample containers are available.

4.8 Ascertain if containers are pre-preserved or if preservatives need to be added.

4.9 Make sure no air bubbles are in the VOAs.

4.10 Make sure there is sufficient amount of sample for the required analyses.







5.5 The project scientist will be responsible for the proper use and maintenance of all types ofequipment used for obtaining groundwater samples; and the collection, labeling, handlingand storage of all samples until further chain-of-custody (COC) procedures are undertaken.

5.6 It is the responsibility of the site operations manager to assure that the properdecontamination procedures are followed and that all waste materials produced bydecontamination and sampling procedures are properly labeled, stored, and disposed of inaccordance with SOP 1.4 (Management of Investigation Derived Waste).


6.1 Field book (all weather) and monitoring well sampling forms





6.2 C-O-C forms and sample labels

6.3 Sample containers with appropriate preservatives

6.4 Graduated cylinder

6.5 Knife or scissors

6.6 5-gallon buckets


6.8 Shipping containers

6.9 Packing materials


6.11 Non-phosphate soap (Note: Alconox is not considered a non-phosphate soap; rather a low-phosphate soap)

6.12 Power source

6.13 Air compressor for bladder pumps

6.14 Pump (peristaltic, Typhoon®, bladder, etc.)

6.15 Gasoline for generator, if necessary

6.16 Discharge tubing for pump

6.17 55-gallon drums

6.18 Control box (if necessary)

6.19 Appropriate pump fittings (e.g., hose clamps, barbed fittings, etc.)

6.20 Appropriate PPE

7.0 Procedure

7.1 All non-dedicated equipment shall be decontaminated in accordance with SOP 1.5(Decontamination) prior to sampling activities.


7.3 Place sheeting on the ground around with well.

7.4 Refer to SOP 6.1 (Documentation), 6.3 (Collection of VOCs), 6.4 (Sample Handling andControl), and 6.5 (Collection of QC Samples).





7.5 Water level/sediment measurements will be taken in accordance with SOP 7.1 (WaterLevel Measurement).

7.6 Operate pump in accordance with manufacturer’s manuals.

7.7 Slowly and carefully lower the pump to the middle or slightly above the middle. Set thepump height so that the intake is near the center of the screened interval (e.g. 1 – 1.5mbelow the top of a 3m screen).

7.8 Adjust the flow rate of the pump to minimize aeration and bubble formation. A flow rate of<0.5 L/min is typically appropriate. The pump discharge should produce a thin, continuousstream of water when filling the sample container. A graduated cylinder or similar containercan be used to measure flow rate and adjust pump as necessary. Maintain flow ratebetween samples (prevent stopping and starting pump) to maintain continuous linear flowfrom formation to the pump. Record flow rate in the field book or appropriate samplingform.

7.9 Purging will be done in accordance with SOP 7.4 (Micro Purging).

7.10 Measurement of field parameters will be done in accordance with SOP 7.5 (Measurementsof Monitoring Well Field Parameters).

7.11 Once field parameters have stabilized and read, to collect sample, disconnect flow-throughcell.

7.12 Begin using the pump to fill the appropriate container. Samples should be collected in thefollowing order:

• Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

• Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs); including polyaromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)

• Inorganic constituents (metals)

• Mercury

• Cyanide

• Total organic carbon (TOC)

• Total organic halogen (TOX)

• Samples requiring field filtration

• Samples for field parameter measurement

• Samples for nutrient anion determinations

7.13 Filter the samples if required by the sampling plan.





7.14 Preserve the sample if appropriate, or use pre-preserved sample bottles. Do not overfillbottles if they are pre-preserved.

7.15 Cap the container.

7.16 Label the container with the sample identification number, site name, sample point number,date and time sampled, and the samplers initials. Fill out the C-O-C sheets. Followinstructions in SOP 6.1 (Documentation), FSP or QAPP.

7.17 Place the labeled container in a re-sealable plastic bag and place in a pre-chilled cooler inaccordance with SOP 6.4 (Sampling Handling and Control).

7.18 Record all pertinent data in the field book and/or on field data sheets in accordance withSOP 6.1 (Documentation).

7.19 Log all samples in the field book and on the C-O-C form in accordance with SOP 6.1(Documentation).

7.20 Package samples and complete necessary paperwork in accordance with SOP 6.4(Sampling Handling and Control).

7.21 Decontaminate non-dedicated sampling equipment between sample locations as describedin SOP 1.5 (Decontamination) or use dedicated equipment.

7.22 Transfer samples to sample custodian or package samples and complete necessarypaperwork in accordance with 6.4 (Sample Handling and Control).



• field books


• C-O-C forms

8.2 Document flow rate in field book or on monitoring well sampling form.



9.1 Adequacy of sampling and representativeness of groundwater samples is monitored withfield duplicate samples.








10.2 Excess sample should be collected into a 5-gallon bucket and containerized with purgewater in 55-gallon Department of Transportation (DOT) approved drums.

11.0 References


11.2 Prels, Robert W., and Michael J. Barcelona. 1996. Low-Flow (Minimal Drawdown) Ground-Water Sampling Procedures. EPA Ground Water Issue, EPA/540/S-95/504. April 1996.

11.3 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Standard Operating Procedure 7.8.Groundwater Sampling using Low-Flow Techniques.



Revision 0Soil Sampling using a Hand Auger



The objective of this standard operating procedure (SOP) is to provide guidance for soil sampling usinga bucket auger. Subsurface soil sampling attempts to remove soil below the ground surface (bgs) in arelatively undisturbed state in order to quantify the extent of contamination at specific depths. Soilsamples shall be collected based on odors, discoloration, organic vapor meter readings, predetermineddepth or any other appropriate field screening method. Sample collection rationale will be described inthe workplan or field sampling plan. Hand augering is used to collect soil samples from depths as greatas 10 ft (bgs, although the technique can sometimes be used to a depth as great as 20 ft bgs. Thismethod is not appropriate for collecting samples for volatile organic analysis, because volatilecompounds may be lost.

2.0 Definitions

Hand auger - consists of opposed cutting tines attached to a hollow tube several inches in diameterwhich is attached to a handle with a ‘T’ at the end opposite the ‘bucket’ (Figure 1). The auger is workedinto the soil with the handle and when it is worked back out of the soil, a sample of the soil is retained inthe ‘bucket’.



3.2 Sampling procedures must be conducted in accordance with the Health and SafetyRequirements prescribed in site-specific HASP and applicable MSDS.



4.1 Interferences and potential problems for surface sampling include rocky or extremely hardsurface soil, fill material over natural surface, and dense vegetation. The soil could beimpenetrable, so sampling may be impossible at that particular location. If backfill hasbeen recently applied, it may not be representative for that area. Digging through the filldown to the native soil or moving to another location may be necessary.

4.2 A stainless steel or plastic sampling implement will suffice in most applications. Careshould be exercised to avoid the use of devices plated with chrome or other materials;plating is particularly common with garden trowels.





4.3 The homogenization procedure should not be used for volatile organics; in this case, soil,or multiple grabs of soil, should be transferred directly from the sample collection device orhomogenization container to the sample container.







5.5 The Project Scientist will be responsible for the proper use and maintenance of all types ofequipment used for obtaining soil samples; and the collection, labeling, handling andstorage of all samples until further chain-of-custody (C-O-C) procedures are undertaken.


6.1 Field book (all weather), sampling forms, boring logs, and waterproof pen

6.2 C-O-C forms and sample labels

6.3 Sample containers with appropriate preservatives


6.5 Ice

6.6 Coolers

6.7 Non-phosphate soap (Note: Alconox is not considered a non-phosphate soap; rather a low-phosphate soap)

6.8 Maps/plot plan

6.9 Safety equipment





6.10 Tape measure (in tenths of feet)

6.11 Survey stakes or flags

6.12 Camera and film

6.13 Compass

6.14 Stainless steel or plastic bucket or aluminum pans


6.16 Spatula

6.17 Stainless steel hand auger with auger head (Figure 1)

6.18 Extension rods and “T”-handle

6.19 Bentonite chips or other material to backfill bore holes

6.20 Geotechnical gauge chart

6.21 Soil color chart


7.0 Procedure


7.2 Refer to SOP 6.1 (Documentation), 6.3 (Collection of VOCs), 6.4 (Sample Handling andControl), and 6.5 (Collection of QC Samples).

7.3 Use stakes or flagging to identify and mark all sampling locations.

7.4 Clear the sample location of any vegetation, rocks, or debris. Minimize the amount oforganic matter (e.g., leaves, roots, sticks, etc.).

7.5 Depending on the type of soil material present, attach either a regular auger bucket or amud auger bucket to an extension shaft. Attach a cross handle to the other end of theextension shaft.

7.6 Decontaminate the auger bucket in accordance with SOP 1.5 (Decontamination) prior tothe initial use.

7.7 Turning the handle clockwise, auger down until the bucket is full of soil.

7.8 Lift or rotate clockwise the auger out of the bore hole and deposit the excavated soil on animpermeable plastic sheet to prevent any leaching of possible contaminates.





7.9 Describe the sample lithology in the boring log.

7.10 Attach additional extension shafts as needed.

7.11 Place the auger back in the bore hole and advance it to the required sampling dept, liftingor rotating the auger clockwise out of the bore hole and depositing the excavated soil on animpermeable plastic sheet. Repeat as necessary until the desired sample depth isreached. Use the tape measure to monitor depth or progress.

7.12 Remove the auger from the bore hole and decontaminate the auger bucket in preparationfor sample collection.

7.13 Place the auger back in the bore hole and advance it through the required sampling depthinterval.

7.14 If volatile organic compound (VOC) analyses are required, attempt to follow the proceduresin SOP 6.3 (Collection of VOC Samples). If the sample is not sufficiently cohesive to beretained in the sampler, follow the bulk sampling procedures.

7.15 Grab samples are collected by obtaining a representative volume of soil from the area to besampled and placing directly into the appropriate sample jar.

7.16 After the collection of VOC samples, transfer the sample to an aluminum or stainless steelpan and homogenize the sample as described in SOP 6.2 (Homogenization of SoilSamples). Ensure that non-dedicated containers have been properly decontaminated (seeSOP 1.5).

7.17 Transfer the sample from the homogenization container into an appropriate samplingcontainer. Be sure to fill the container to the top.

7.18 Label the container with the sample identification number, site name, sample point number,date and time sampled, and the samplers initials. Fill out the C-O-C sheets.

7.19 Cap the container, place in a re-sealable plastic bag and place in a pre-chilled cooler inaccordance with SOP 6.4 (Sampling Handling and Control).

7.20 Record all pertinent data in the field book and/or on field data sheets in accordance withSOP 6.1 (Documentation).

7.21 Log all samples in the field book and on the C-O-C form in accordance with SOP 6.1(Documentation).

7.22 Package samples and complete necessary paperwork in accordance with SOP 6.4(Sampling Handling and Control).

7.23 Decontaminate non-dedicated sampling equipment between sample locations as describedin SOP 1.5 (Decontamination) or use dedicated equipment.





7.24 Transfer samples to sample custodian or package samples and complete necessarypaperwork in accordance with 6.4 (Sample Handling and Control).



• field books

• boring logs

• sampling forms

• C-O-C forms

8.2 Document the field sampling activities in the field book or on the sampling form.



9.1 Adequacy of sampling and representativeness of soil samples is monitored with fieldduplicate samples.




10.2 Excess sample should be collected into a 5-gallon bucket and containerized in a 55-gallonDepartment of Transportation (DOT) approved drums.

11.0 References


11.2 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Standard Operating Procedure 10.3. SoilSampling Using a Hand Auger.





Figure 1 Hand Auger Kit Ben Meadows Co.

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