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Without translitaration
Reading and Writing Skills
Edited on 8th Shawwal 1431
18th September 2010
READINGREADINGREADINGREADING
ANDANDANDAND
WRITINGWRITINGWRITINGWRITING
SKILLSSKILLSSKILLSSKILLS
1
INDEX
Introduction 2 PART ONE PART ONE PART ONE PART ONE Revision of the step by step book 3
My beautiful letters 4 Table of Arabic letters 5 Writing exercices 7 The Marks 9 Fat-hah 9 Letter Hamzah 10 Fat-hah and Alif Maddiyyah 12
The shortened Alif 15 kasrah 16 Kasrah and yaa' Maddiyah 17 Dammah 20 Dammah and waaw Maddiyah 21 Sukoon 23 How to pause on Arabic words 24 Shaddah 25
PART TWOPART TWOPART TWOPART TWO Rules of reading more than a word
Introduction to the Arabic word 29 Tanween 30 Tied Taa' 33 Connecting Hamzah 35 Disconnecting Hamzah 36 Laam in (Al of definition) 37
2
INTRODUCTION
All praise is for Allah. We praise Him, seek His help and forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils of ourselves, and the evils of our actions. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah alone
and I bear witness that Muhammad مى اهللا عليه وسلصل ◌ is His servant and
Messenger.
- In the book you have in hand, we will complete the needed lessons to
be able to read and write any Arabic text إن شاء هللا ◌ - We will start with a revision of the Step by Step book: Arabic letters, how to connect or separate them, the Arabic marks and the comparison between short and long vowels. - Few new important lessons are added to make you able to read words together are added. - It is important to know that this is a book of reading and writing practice book, not a book to learn the language, so you might find few words that do not have meaning in Arabic but we are only using them for practice. - We will keep transliteration for most of the words, as probably it will be a self-studying book, but always try to read the words without the transliteration first then check if it is correct. - A question that might come to your mind when doing these lessons
is:
Why does the same word appears with different marks on the
last letter?
صراط صراطا صراط The ending of an Arabic word changes after its position (role of the word in the sentence e.g. subject, object etc ). However, the word still means the same. The reason of these changes will be explained later in the Qur'aanic Arabic lessons إن شاء هللا
Hope you find these notes useful. May Allaah keep you straight on his path, and teach you what will be beneficial for you, give you success in this life and in the hereafter.
3
PART 1
REVISION OF THE "STEP BY STEP" BOOK
4
حروفي الجميلة My beautiful letters
ر
ث ت ب
خ
ذ
ح ج
د ز
س ض ش ص
ي و م
ط غ ظ ع
ك
ن
ق ف ل
هـ
أ
Letter Name
Figure Vocaliza
- tion
Transliter- tion
Example New Heavy Light At the
end In the middle
At the beginning
Connected from
right only
1 Hamzah ء first
sound in
( a, o, e, i )
a,o,e,i 'Apple *
2 Baa’ ب b b Back * بـ ـبـ ـب ب
3 Taa’ ت t t Tab * تـ ـتـ ـت ت
4 Thaa’ ث th th Thank * ثـ ـثـ ـث ث
5 Jeem ج j j Jar * جـ ـجـ ـج ج
6 Haa’ ح - h - * * حـ ـحـ ـح ح
7 Khaa’ خ - kh - * * خـ ـخـ ـخ خ
8 Daal د d d Data * ـ د ـ ـد ـد د *
9 Dhaal ذ th dh That * ـ ذ ـ ـذ ـذ ذ *
10 Raa’ ر r r Right * ـر ــر ـر ر *
11 Zaay ز z z Zoo * ـز ــز ـز ز *
12 Seen س s s Sand * سـ ـسـ ـس س
13 Sheen ش sh sh Shadow * شـ ـشـ ـش ش
14 aadS ص s s Sauce * صـ ـصـ ـص ص
15 aadD ض - d - * * ضـ ـضـ ـض ض
16 Taa’ ط t t - * ط طـ ـطـ ط
17 Dhaa’ ظ th dh - * ظ ظـ ـظـ ظ
18 3ayn ع عـ ـعـ ع * * - 3 - ع
19 Ghyne غ - gh - * * غ غـ ـغـ غ
20 Faa’ ف f f Fat * ف فـ ـفـ ف
21 Qaaf ق - q - * * ق قـ ـقـ ق
22 Kaaf ك k k Kid * ك كـ ـكـ ك
23 Laam ل l l Lamp * ل لـ ـلـ ل
24 Meem م m m Map * م مـ ـمـ م
25 Noon ن n n Name * ن نـ ـنـ ن
26 Haa’ هـ h h Hat * هـ هــ ـهـ ه
27 Waaw و w w Wing * وـ وـ ـو و *
Waaw
Maddiyah * __ وـ ـو و * oo oo Moon و
28 Yaa’ ي Y Y You * ي يـ ـيـ ي
Yaa’
Maddiyah __ يـ ـيـ ي ee ee Deep ي
29 Alif
Maddiyah * ـ ا ـ ا ـا ا * Long a aa sad ا
7
WRITING EXERCISESWRITING EXERCISESWRITING EXERCISESWRITING EXERCISES ١تدريب
Connect the letters of the word
ك ت ب ق ل ب ص ب غ ق ب ض غ ب ل................ ................ ................. ............. .................
ت ب ت م س ح ع ت ب ف ت ح ت ي ن
................ ................ ................. ................. .................
ج ب ل ثل ي ن ف س ل م م ل ث م
................ ................ ................. ................. .................
٢تدريب
Separate the letters of each word
كتب سمع شمس عبس
نفع حلم شبه عقل
نقص حلل قتل شين
8
Remember that the non connectors (the letters connected from
right side only) are: ر ز ذو ا د
٣تدريب
Connect the letters of the word
ك و ب ق ل ب ص ا ب ق ب ر ب د ر
................ ................ ................. ............. ...............
ت و ت م ت ر ع ا ب ف ت ح ت ي ن
................ ................ ................. ................. ...............
ح د ث ل ي ث م د ر ج ث م ث و م
................ ................ ................. ................. .................
٤تدريب
Separate the letters of each word
كوب ستر شرب عبد
حوت نار ثوب نذر
نقد سأل نزل رفع
9
الحركات *1
THE MARKSTHE MARKSTHE MARKSTHE MARKS
ammah, Kasrah, Sukoon and Shaddah)Dah, h-(Fat
1111---- FATFATFATFAT----HAHHAHHAHHAH is a small diagonal line placed above a letter, and represents a short (a).
This (a) is pronounced as (a) in (tablet). The word Fat-hah means opening,
and refers to the opening of the mouth when producing an (a)
The mark of Fat-hah ف◌تحة is up, and my mouth goes up
فتحة الحروف مع ال ahh-FatThe letters with the
خ ح ج ث ت ب ء * 2
ص ش س ز ر ذ د ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ي و ه ن م ل ك
*1-The letter ( ا ) you see at the beginning of that word is not a long vowel
(long vowels cannot start a word) but it is a type of Hamzah called Hamzah
of connection that will be explained later in that book.
*2- We have only chosen the form of the Hamzah without a seat as an
example, anyway the Hamzah sound will not change with all her seats. Look
at the next page for a quick revision of Hamzah.
ba
10
LETTER HAMZAHLETTER HAMZAHLETTER HAMZAHLETTER HAMZAH
The Hamzah is represented by a sign. This sign is sometimes written over or under certain letters called “seats”, or else aloof.
:The seats can be ) أ ) ، ا ( ؤ ئـ ) ، و ( orئ ى (The seat is not pronounced, but is only an orthographic convention in the spelling of words with Hamzah. There is a cardinal rule in the reading of Hamzah:
The writing of Hamzah:
1- Aloof ( ء ) not connected from right or from left.
2- With a carrier, in which case it becomes like a diacritic:
a- Above and under an Alif ( )أ إ (This is how it appears at the beginning
of a word)
b. Above a waaw ) ؤ( c. Above a dotless yaa' ) ئ(
The rules of writing The Hamzah will be studied later إن شاء اهللا Important comment: Note that the Alif and Hamzah are two different letters. The letter Alif is a long vowel, always written free from any type of Harakah, and it never comes at the beginning of a word. But Hamzah is a consonant that comes anywhere in the word with a Harakah. (Step by step book page 61)
But because the Hamzah is mostly using Alif as a seat, people call the
Hamzah on the top of Alif (أ) : "Alif" also.
This might cause lot of confusion to the beginners but soon you will get used to it.
In our lessons, we will always follow the correct way of differentiating between them as they are not the same.
If there is a seat, ignore it.
11
كلمات مع الفتحة ahh-Words with Fat
Read, Copy and revise how to connect the letters
ح س د ظ ل م غ س ل ك ت ب ف ت ح حسد ظلم غسل كتب فتح
ع م ل ك س ب ن ص ر ف ع ل م ع ج عمل كسب نصر فعل جمع
ي ب س ن ه ر ن س ك غ ف ر ق ت ل يبس نهر نسك غفر قتل
12
الفتحة واأللف المدية (long vowel) yahyah and Alif Maddih-Fat
If the letter Alif ا ( ) comes after a letter with Fat-hah (Alif is always
preceded by Fat-hah), then this Alif will be pronounced like double Fat-hah as (a) in dad. We call it Alif Madiyyah.
- Alif Maddiyyah is the long form of Fat-hah
An Arabic word cannot start with Alif Maddiyah because Madd is like Sukoon.
Standard Arabic (ء+ا)= آ
خا حا جا ثا تا باQur'aan
script z# ⟨
صا شا سا زا را ذا دا
قا فا غا عا ظا طا ضا
يا وا ها نا ما ال كا
13
مقارنة بين الحروف مع الفتحة ومع األلف المدية
ah and with long vowel Alifh-Comparison between letters with Fat
خ ح ج ث ت ب ء خا حا جا ثا تا با آ ص ش س ز ر ذ د صا شا سا زا را ذا دا ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض قا فا غا عا ظا طا ضا ي و ه ن م ل ك يا وا ها نا ما ال كا
كلمات فيها فتحة وألف مدية Madiyyah ah and Alifh-Words that have Fat
خاب حام جال ثار تاب بات آب
صاغ شاب ساح زال راج ذاق دان
ق◌اد فاز غاص عاث ظاء طار ضاع
ياي وال هاب ناس ماء الح كال
14
واأللف المدية في الكلمات ن الفتحة بي مقارنة
in words ah and long vowel Alifh-Fat Comparison between
أمن ء آمن
فاتح فتح ف رافع رفع رz tΒ#u ⟨
amana aamana rafa3a raafa3a ahfata ahfaata قاتل قتل ق زاعم زعم ز باطل بطل ب اتب ك كتب ك ساءل سأل س تالف تلف ت المس لمس ل شاتم شتم ش ثابت ثبت ث ماكث مكث م صابر صبر ص جاهد جهد ج ناصب نصب ن ضارب ضرب ض حامل حمل ح هارب هرب ه طالب طلب ط خارج خرج خ واهب وهب و ظاهر ظهر ظ دافع دفع د يامن يمن ي عارف عرف ع ذارف ذرف ذ
غارق غرق غ
You should be able to continue reading without help إن شاء اهللا
15
OORAHSMAQ-UL -ALIF-ALاأللف المقصورة
The shortened Alif
Sometimes long vowel ( ا ) at the end of the word is written in the
shape of Yaa' without dots. You still pronounce it as an Alif ( ا ) (aa) not
as ي (ee), We call it "Al-Alif-ul-Maqsoorah" (The shortened Alif)
How would I know it is an Alif not a Yaa’? 1- It has no dots below. 2- It has no mark.
3- It is preceded by Fat-hah فتحة
4- In The Qur’aan it has a small ا on the top of it 3“.
Ex.
Standard على عيسى موسىArabic
4y›θãΒ ⟨ 4|¤Š Ïã ⟨ 4’ n?tã ⟨ Qur'aan script
16
2222---- KASRAHKASRAHKASRAHKASRAH Is a small diagonal line placed below a letter and represents a short (i).
This (i) is pronounced as (i) in bin. The word Kasrah means breaking.
The mark of Kasrah is down, and my mouth goes down bi كسرة
Words with kasrah الحروف مع الكسرة خ ح ج ث ت ب ء
ص ش س ز ر ذ د
�ق� ف غ ع ظ ط ض � ي و ه ن م ل ك
كلمات بحركة الفتح والكسر معاah and kasrahh-Words with Fat
إبل كره نسي خسر حبط لم ع يعي فزع يئس فرح بخل وسع لبث رق ب أسف
17
الكسرة والياء المدية Kasrah and yaa' Maddiyah (long vowel)
- If the letter Yaa' ي ( ) comes after a letter with Kasrah and has no mark
over or below it, then this Yaa' will be pronounced like double Kasrah as (ee) in beep. We call it Yaa' Madiyyah.
- Yaa' Maddiyyah is the long form of kasrah.
- An Arabic word cannot start with Yaa' Maddiyyah (Madd is like Sukoon)
خي حي جي ثي تي بي ءي صي شي سي زي ري ذي دي قي في غي عي ظي طي ضي يي وي هي ني مي لي كي
18
مقارنة الحروف مع الكسرة ومع الياء المدية
Comparison between letters with kasrah and long vowel Yaa'
خ ح ج ث ت ب ء خي حي جي ثي تي بي ءي ص ش س ز ر ذ د
صي شي سي زي ري ذي دي ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض قي في غي عي ظي طي ضي ي و ه ن م ل ك يي وي هي ني مي لي كي
'Words that have long vowel Yaa كلمات فيها ياء مدية
رخيص رحيم رجيم كثير تين كبير ان إيم قصير رشيد يسيل عزيز ريم نذير دين قيل فيل غيض عير عظيم طيب نضيد ايين اوير رهيب نيل سمين قليل مكين
19
في الكلمات مقارنة بين الكسر ومد الياء
Comparison between kasrah and long vowel Yaa' in words
فيل فل ف ريع رع ر إين إن ء
قيل قل ق زيل زل ز بير بر ب
كير كر ك سير سر س تين تن ت
لين لن ل شين شن ش ثيب ثب ث
ميل مل م صير صر ص جين جن ج نيس نس ن ضيد ضد ض حيل حل ح
هير هر ه طيب طب ط خيف خف خ
ويش وش و ظيل ظل ظ دين دن د
ييس يس ي عير عر ع ذيل ذل ذ
غيض غض غ
20
3333---- DAMMAHDAMMAHDAMMAHDAMMAH Is a small curl placed above a letter and represents a short (u). This (u) is pronounced as (u) in “bull “. The word Dammah means a hug.
The mark of Dammah .looks like a whistle, that I blow in ضمة
bu
مة الحروف مع الض
ammahDLetters with
خ ح ج ث ت ب ء ص ش س ز ر ذ د
ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ي و ه ن م ل ك
م كلمات بحركة الض
ammahDWords with
طرق رسل حرم سبل كتب
زبر كثر عمر نذر عرب
21
مة والواو المدية الض
ammah and waaw Maddiyah (long vowel)D
- If the letter Waaw و ( ) comes after a letter with Dammah and has no mark above or below it, then this Waaw will be pronounced like double Dammah as (oo) in boot. We call it Waaw Madiyyah.
- Waaw Maddiyah is the long form of Dammah.
- An Arabic word cannot start with Waaw Maddiyah (Madd is like Sukoon)
خو حو جو ثو تو بو ءو صو شو سو زو رو ذو دو قو فو غو عو ظو طو ضو يو وو هو نو مو لو كو
مة ومع مد الواو مقارنة الحروف مع الض
waawvowel ammah and long DComparison between letters with
خ ح ج ث ت ب ء خو حو جو ثو تو بو ءو ص ش س ز ر ذ د صو شو سو زو رو ذو دو ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض قو فو غو عو ظو طو ضو ي و ه ن م ل ك يو وو هو نو مو لو كو
22
فيها واو مدية كلمات Words that have long vowel waaw
خور حور عجول نثور يتوب بور أولى قصور قشور سور يزور مروج أذوق دون تقود فول نغوص يعول حظوظ عطور ضور عيون داوود سهول نور يمور علوم أك◌ون
م والمد بالواو مقارنة في الكلمات بين الض
in words ammah and long vowel waawDComparison between
فوز فز ف روب رب ر أولى ألى ء قول قل ق زول زل ز بور بر ب كوب كب ك سوق سق س توب تب ت لوم لم ل شور شر ش ثوم ثم ث موج مج◌ م صوم صم ص جول جل ج نوح نح ن ضول ضل ض حور حر ح هود هد ه طوف طف ط خوص خص خ وور ور و ظول ظل ظ دور در د يور ير ي عول عل ع ذوق ذق ذ
غوص غص غ
23
4444---- SUKOONSUKOONSUKOONSUKOON (Absence of the vowel)
This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that this letter is not followed by any vowel’s sound (Absence of the vowel). It is pronounced as “t” in “ant“, “b” in cobra…etc
خ ح ج ث ت ب ء ر .فخ سن .مح مل .مج أر .نث عب .يت ني.نب رأ.س فخر محسن مجمل نثأر يتعب نبني رأس ص ش س ز ر ذ د
نص.ر ر .ش ق يس.مع وز.ر بر.ق عذ.ب مد.ين نصر ر ش ق يسمع وزر برق عذب مدين ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض
نق.ل تف.تح نغ.فو بع.لي حظ.ر عط.رنا فض.لي نقل تفتح نغفو بعلي حظر عطرنا فضلي
ي و ه ن م ل ك
سي.ل سو.سن سه.ل من.ه أم.هل هل مك.تب سيل سوسن سهل منه أمهل هل مكتب
This is to show the way to pronounce Sukoon in the middle of a word, to stop before the dot then to continue the word. The correct way of writing is on the next line.
24
How to pause on Arabic words
- An Arabic word never starts with Sukoon. - If you pause on any word, you have to keep a Sukoon on the last letter of the word e.g. the last letter must be 'still' (in reading) even if there is a different mark on it (in writing).
Pausing form
The word
Word ending with Fat-hah or Dammah or Kasrah, we pause with sukoon on the last letter.
walad ولد –ولد- ولد
Word ending with a long vowel, we pause on a long vowel as well.
Fee
Maa
yarjoo
في
ما
يرجوWord ending with Shaddah, we pause on sukoon but with doubling the letter.
3aduww عدو– عدو عدو
If the last letter is a waaw without Shaddah preceded by a Dammah, or a yaa' without Shaddah preceded by a Kasrah, we change the waaw and yaa' to long vowels when pausing.
hoo
hee
هو هي
25
5555---- SHADDAHSHADDAHSHADDAHSHADDAH This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that the letter should be stressed (which means to pause on the letter and then to say the same letter with a vowel).
Shaddah can be with the Fat-hah ب or the Kasrah ب or the Dammah ب
Help Shaddah is repeating the letter twice without moving
the tongue: once with a sukoon and once with a vowel
1-Shaddah with Fat-hah Example: when you say: what time is it? On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Fat-hah.
2- Shaddah with Kasrah Example: when you say: Do you like hot tea? On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Kasrah.
3- Shaddah with Dammah و Example: when you say: I like it too! On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Dammah.
(Step by Step page 21)
ب ت + ( ت with shaddah and Fat-hah) is batta = بت
= is batti (with shaddah and Kasrah ت) ت + ب ت ب
) ت + ب ت with shaddah and Dammah) is battu = ت ب
26
الكلمات مع الشدة على آخر الكلمة
Words with Shaddah at the end of the word
أب أب أب ب ء abba
abb abbi abb
abbu abb
full pausal*
بث بث بث ث بت بت بت ت مح مح مح ح عج عج عج ج سد سد سد د رخ رخ رخ خ سر سر سر ر هذ هذ هذ ذ حس حس حس س مز مز مز ز
قص قص قص ص رش رش رش ش دع دع دع ع حض حض حض ض كف كف كف ف زغ زغ زغ غ شك شك شك ك دق دق دق ق هم هم هم م جل جل جل ل سه سه سه ه حن حن حن ن
عي عي عي ي قو قو قو و
*You should read each word once in full form keeping the last vowel (when you continue reading after that word) and once when pausing on Sukoon by keeping the stress (doubling the letter) on the last letter.
27
شدة فيها كلمات
Words with Shaddah
Full form Pausal form Meaning
خياط فنان حب شر اهللا Allaahu sharru hubba fannaanu khayyaatu Allaah sharr hubb fannaan khayyaat Allaah evil love artist tailor
ار مدرس صف متقي ستون نج sittoona muttaqee saffu mudarrisu najjaaru sittoon muttaqee saff mudarris najjaar sixty pious row teacher carpenter
28
PART 2
NEW LESSONS
RULES OF READING MORE THAN A WORD
1- INTRODUCTION OF THE ARABIC WORD 2- TANWEEN 3- TAA' MARBOOTAH 4- HAMZA-TUL-WASL 5- LAAM AT-TA3REEF
29
1111---- INTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORDINTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORDINTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORDINTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORD
الكلمة العربية The Arabic Word
Particleحرف Verbفعل Nounاسم
Human إنسان الفعل الماضي
Past tense verb حرف جر
Preposition
في، على، إلى،
من ، مع ، كـ..
Animal حيوان الفعل المضارع
Present tense verb حرف عطف
Conjunction Particle
،فـ.. و، أو، ثم
فعل األمر Solid جماد Command
verb ( imperative)
حرف نفي Negation Particle
ال
حرف نداء Plant نبات Calling Particle
يا .Place Etc مكان
Time زمان Adjective صفة Pronoun ضمير
Demonstrative اسم إشارة Relative اسم موصول
Pronoun Etc.
30
2222---- TANWEENTANWEENTANWEENTANWEEN نوينالت
Tanween is a sound of Noon with Sukoon, that you hear at the end of
Arabic indefinite nouns, but you do not write as a letter ن. It is written in a
special way, by writing the vowel mark twice.
bintun = بنت or ×بنت bintin = بنت bintan = بنتا
Tanween Fat-hah
(Fat-hataan)*
Tanween Kasrah (Kasrataan)
Tanween Dammah
(Dammataan)
Fat-hataan means 2 Fat-hah, Kasrataan means 2 kasrah and Dammataan
means 2 Dammah. (as if the first is the vowel and the second in for ن )
ـابنت بنت بنت
- Note that the Fat-hataan marks are regularly followed by an Alif, written as the last letter in the word, but this Alif does not indicate a long vowel except in the pausal form.
- The sound of Noon is heard only when we continue to read after that
word, but if we pause on that word, we pause on Sukoon over the last written letter and we do not hear Noon sound of Tanween.
Full form Pausal form (Continuing reading after that word) (Stopping on that word)
1- Dammataan –un: bintun bint (like in Dammah) بنت
2- Kasrataan –in: bintin bint (like in Kasrah) بنت
3- Fat-hataan –an: bintan bintaa (different than ابنت
Fat-hah due to the long vowel Alif that is added to the end)
ن ن
ن
31
مع التنوين والوقف على آخر الكلمة حروف ال
The letters with Tanween and how to pause at the end of the word
أبا أب أب ب دءا دء دء ء بثا بث بث ث بتا بت بت ت محا مح مح ح عجا عج عج ج سدا سد سد د رخا رخ رخ خ سرا سر سر ر هذا هذ هذ ذ بسا بس بس س مزا مز مز ز قصا قص قص ص رشا رش رش ش بطا بط بط ط حضا حض حض ض دعا دع دع ع نظا نظ نظ ظ كفا كف كف ف زغا زغ زغ غ شكا شك شك ك قاد ق د ق د ق هما هم هم م جال جل جل ل سها سه سه ه فنا فن فن ن
نيا ني ني ي لوا لو و ل و
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عليهما التنوين والوقف الحركات و مع كلمات
Words with short vowels and Tanween and how to pause on them
Tanween Dammah
Dammah Tanween Kasrah
Kasrah Tanween Fat-hah
Fat-hah
بيت بيتا بيت بيت بيت بيت Full form
baytun baytu baytin bayti baytan bayta Pausal form
bayt bayt bayt bayt baytaa bayt meaning house house house house house house
رسول رسوال خير خير كتاب كتاب Full form
kitaabun
kitaabu
khayrin
khayri
rasoolan rasoola
Pausal form
kitaab kitaab khayr
khayr rasoolaa rasool
meaning book book good good messenger messenger
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TAA' TAA' TAA' TAA' MARBOOTAH MARBOOTAH MARBOOTAH MARBOOTAH ---- 3333 التاء المربوطة
The Tied Taa'
- Taa' Marbootah occurs only as the last consonant of a noun. - It is a sign of femininity in singular nouns.
- It is a combination of the letter ت and the letter ه Ex فراشة –وردة - If we continue the reading after a word ending with Taa' Marbootah, we
pronounce it as a Taa' ت, but if we pause on such word, we pause on
a Haa' ه with Sukoon.
*Notice that the long vowel Alif that comes after Tanween Fat-hah is not written after Taa' Marbootah and that the pausal form is on Haa' Sukoon as well. Ex.
Tanween Dammah Dammah Tanween
Kasrah Kasrah Tanween Fat-hah Fat-hah
وردة وردة وردة وردة وردة وردة Full form wardatun wardatu wardatin wardati wardatan wardata Pausal form
wardah wardah wardah wardah wardah wardah meaning rose rose rose rose rose rose
جنة جنة كلمة كلمة صالة صالة
Full form salaatun salaatu kalimatin kalimati jannatan jannata
Pausal form
salaah salaah kalimah kalimah jannah jannah
prayer prayer word word paradise paradise
If you fly to the next word, take the upper dots of ت with you & if you stop suddenly and fall, you say oh!
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Read / اقرئياقرأ
بنت جميلة. طائرة كبيرة .صالحة خديجة زوجة
Notice that when we pause at the end of the sentences, we change the sound of Taa' Marbootah to a Haa' with sukoon.
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HAMZATHAMZATHAMZATHAMZAT----ULULULUL----WASL WASL WASL WASL ----4444همزة الوصل
The connecting Hamzah
If the Alif is not carrying the sign of Hamzah, then it must be a long vowel EXCEPT when it occurs first letter in the word.
In that case, the Alif is a Hamzah (consonant), but it is a special type of Hamzah that is pronounced only when it is the first sound coming out of the mouth (i.e. when you begin speaking by pronouncing that Hamzah).
This Hamzah is called 'Hamzat-ul-Wasl' الوصل همزة or the 'connecting
Hamzah'
- It comes only at the beginning of the word. - It looks like long vowel Alif, but you already know that this last cannot be at the beginning of a word, as it is a sukoon.
- In the Qur’aan it has a symbol like small صـ on the top. )ٱ( , but in standard
Arabic books it is free of any sign.
- This Hamzah is pronounced only at the beginning of the speech, i.e. when no other speech sound has been pronounced immediately before it; Otherwise, it is silent.
- If we start with the word we say: Allaah. (we hear the sound of اهللا
But if we start with a word before it Ex. جزاك
We say: Jazaka-llaah هللا ا ,We don’t pronounce A of the word Allaah) جزاك
we directly go from the Kaaf of Jazaaka to the letter Laam of the word (Allaah). The Hamzah is omitted)
Standard Arabic زوجين اثنين اثنين
Qur'aan script È÷ uΖøO $# ⟨ È÷ y ÷ρ y— È÷ uΖøO $# ⟨
'ithnayn zawjayni-thnayn starting with Hamza wasl
reading a word before it
meaning two two pairs
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HAMZATHAMZATHAMZATHAMZAT----ULULULUL----QATQATQATQAT3333 طع همزة الق
The disconnecting Hamzah
-The other outspoken Hamzah أ ( ) at the beginning of a word, with the
diacritic on the top is called 'Hamzat-ul-Qat3' همزة القطع or
the"Disconnecting Hamzah";that one is always pronounced, whether you
start with that word or you read a word before Ex. هو أحمد Huwa Ahmad
اقرأ / اقرئي
محمد: كيف الحال؟
حسن: بخير والحمد لله. محمد: ما اسمك
. حسن: اسمي حسن.
Standard Arabic عقاب أليم أليم Qur'aan
script 5ΟŠ Ï9r& ⟨ A>$ s)Ïã 5ΟŠ Ï9r& ⟨ aleem 3iqaabin aleem
srarting with
Hamzat-ul-Qat3 reading a word
before it
meaning painful painful punishment
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LAAM IN AL ATLAAM IN AL ATLAAM IN AL ATLAAM IN AL AT----TATATATA3333REEFREEFREEFREEF ----5الالم في الـ التعريفThe letter Laam that occurs in Al of Definition
التعريفال * -1 is connected to nouns to make them definite.
It is equivalent to the English word "The", but should be connected at the beginning of the noun not separate from it as in "The"
Ex. البنت - الولد
3- The nouns that have Al of Definition cannot have Tanween. الولد
Reading the letter Laam that occurs in Al of Definition The letter Laam in "Al at-Ta3reef" can be read in one of two ways depending on the letter following it: - Pronouncing that Laam clearly. - Omitting that Laam by inserting it in the following letter.
a- Pronouncing that Laam clearly
When that Laam precedes a noun beginning with any of the fourteen letters
in the group:ء ب خ ح ج ع غ ف ق ك و ي م ه The scholars gathered them in the sentence: ك وخف عقيمه إبغ حج
The الم in that case is called Laam Qamariyyah ةالم قمري from قمر (moon)
due to the first letter ق that is one of the previous fourteen letters
األ البـ الجـ الحـ الخـ العـ الغـal-gha al-3a al-kha al-ha al-ja al-ba al-'a
الفـ القـ الكـ المـ الهـ الو اليـ
al-ya al-wa al-ha al-ma al-ka al-qa al-fa *Al of definition is starting with Hamzat-ul-Wasl
That Laam can be recognized easily by the Sukoon appearing over it.
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اقرأ / اقرئي
b- Omitting that Laam by inserting it in the following letter:
When that Laam precedes a noun beginning with any of the remaining fourteen letters of Arabic
ن ل ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د ث ت
The الم in that case is called Laam Shamsiyyah ةالم شمسي from شمس (sun)
due to the first letter ش which is one of the previous fourteen letters.
األعلى البيت الجمل الحجر الخير العرب الغراب
al-ghuraab al-3arab al-khayr al-hajar al-jamal al-bayt al-'a3laa The crow The
Arabs The good The
stone The
camel The
house The
highest
الفيل القمر الكتاب الموز الهدى الولد اليوم
al-yawm al-walad al-hudaa al-mawz al-kitaab al-qamar al-feel The day The boy The
guidance The
banana The book
The moon
The elephant
الت الثـ الد الذ الر الز النـan-na az-za ar-ra adh-dha ad-da ath-tha at-ta
ـ الطـ الظـ اللـ ـ الض ـ الص ـ الش الس al-la adh-dha at-ta ad-da as-sa ash-sha as-sa
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اقرأ / اقرئي
Ayyaamu-l-usboo3أيام األسبوع
Days of the week
A word with Hamzatu-l-wasl and Laam shamsiyyah
قم الزيت النور رة الرين الذوب الدوحيد الثالت an-noor az-zayt ar-raqm adh-dhurah ad-deen ath-thawb at-tawheed
The light
The oil The number
The corn
The religion
The dress
The monotheis
m
الين الطين الظفر الليل وت الض مس الصماء الشالس
al-layl adh-dhufr at-teen ad-daalleen as-sawt ash-shams as-samaa'
The night
The nail
The clay
The misguided
The sound
The sun
The sky
السبت األحد االثنين الثالثاء ath-thulaathaa' al-ithnayn al-ahad as-sabt
Tuesday Monday Sunday Saturday
األربعاء الخميس الجمعة
al-jumu3ah al-khamees al-arbi3aa' Friday Thursday Wednesday
Standard Arabic اساس ملك النالن Qur'aan
script Ĩ$ ¨Ψ9$# ⟨
Å7Ï=tΒ Ä¨$ ¨Ψ9$# ⟨ an-naas maliki-nnaas
starting with Hamza wasl
reading a word before it
meaning The people The king of the people