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Reading Success for Students with Visual Impairments:
Comparison of Low Vision Devices and Print Sizes
To download this PowerPoint, visit https://tinyurl.com/VIReading.
LIGHTHOUSE FOR THE BLINDST. LOUIS
• Manufacturing, packaging, sterilization business
• Employer of individuals who are blind or visually impaired
• See the Future Programs for students with visual impairments
• Site based and mobile clinic model
• Clinical low vision evaluations
• Prescribed optical devices
• Instruction in device use
• Technical assistance to school districts
CLVP COSTS
▪ Staff
▪ Cost per student
▪ Cost per clinic
• Team driven
• Home and school
• Common Core and Expanded Core
• May include multiple devices
INSTRUCTION/LESSONS
SAMPLES OF EXISTING RESEARCH
• Large print users words per minute increase to a certain level before plateauing (Corn and Ryser, 1989)
• Statistically significant increase in students silent reading speeds and comprehension rates with optical devices (Corn, et al 2002)
• After the optimum print size for reading plateaus, reading speed decreases (Lueck, et al 2003)
• Reading speeds of CCTV users were significantly different (better) than optical device and head mounted laser display (Goodrich, et al 2004)
• Regular instruction and practice with prescription reading glasses with three students with low vision: one better regular print with reading glasses, one no advantage of reading large print, and one advantage of reading large print. (Smith, J.K. et al 2002)
• Reading speed gap between low vision and sighted peers began to close after 6 months use of optical device (Corn, et al 2001)
▪ Checklist of Skills
• (Foundations of Low
Vision)
▪ Jerry Johns Informal
Reading Inventory and
TSBVI Assessment Kit Part 2
• Regular print
• Large print
• Regular print with
devices
• iPad
CLVP DATA COLLECTION/PROCEDURE FOR TESTING
• Devices and media they use
• Independent reading level
• Pick silent or oral
• Multiple days when needed
• Preferred lighting
• Preferred iPad settings
CLVP DATA COLLECTION/PROCEDURE FOR TESTING
• Recording Form
• Reading Surveys
• Parent
• Teacher
• Student
DATA COLLECTION
LIMITATIONS• No control group
• Variety of devices, visual functioning, eye conditions, age, and cognitive ability
• Brevity of reading passages
• Large print passage size was typically 18 point Arial (standard from TSBVI kit)
• Regular print varied by grade level
• Basic level comprehension questions
RESULTS• 14/26 (54%) improved words per minute when using a
device
• 13/26 (50%) increased comprehension when using a device
• 18/26 (69%) improved wpm, comprehension or both
• 14/26 (54%) increased viewing distance
• 24/26 (92%) improved in 1 or more category: WPM, comprehension, or viewing distance
IMPROVEMENT VERSUS LARGE PRINT
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
WPM Comprehension WPM and/orComp.
Viewing 1 or MoreCategory
Yes No
FASTEST MEDIA/DEVICE
Number of Students Percentage
Regular Print 0 0%
Regular Primary Print 1 3.8%
Large Print 9 34.6%
Dome Magnifier 3 11.5%
Handheld Magnifier 3 11.5%
Desktop CCTV 3 11.5%
Handheld VideoMagnifier
1 3.8%
iPad 9.7” 6 23.1%
FASTEST MEDIA/DEVICERegular Print- 0%
Regular Primary Print- 3.8%
Large Print- 34.6%
Dome Magnifier- 11.5%
Handheld Magnifier- 11.5%
Desktop CCTV- 11.5%
Handheld Video Magnifier- 3.8%
iPad 9.7"- 23.1%
Note: 2 students scored identical large print and device WPM- Tie broken by improving in other categories
PRINT VS. DEVICESNumber of Students Percentage
Regular Primary Print or Large Print
10 38.5%
Devices 16 61.5%
Print Devices
SPEED IMPROVEMENT
• 14 of 26 (54%) improved WPM over large print
• Median Improvement= 11.7%
• Average improvement=30.1%
• Range 2%-211.4%
• 7 kids improved 10% or more
DEVICES- IPADS• Fastest device for highest number of students (6 of
26=23.1%)
• Fastest for 6 of 12 (50%) tested with iPads
• Not endorsing the device, just taking a closer look
• Either picture of the passage or in VoiceDream with no speech
• Possible factors: Improved contrast, ability to get exact size and colors preferred, no need for XY tray or physically moving a magnifier, familiarity, motivation
WHAT DO STUDENTS KNOW?• Just 11/26 (42%) of students knew what media
was fastest for them• Teachers were even sometimes surprised at the
results
SURVEY RESULTS- STUDENTSHow often do you use the devices for near work at school or home (e.g. reading a book or completing worksheets)?
15 Respondents
Answer Choices Responses
Multiple Times Per Day 40%
Daily 46.7%
Weekly 13.3%
Monthly 0%
Never 0%
SURVEY RESULTS- STUDENTSStronglyDisagree
Disagree Neutral Agree StronglyAgree
I read more quickly when I am using the near devices.
0% 0% 26.7% 33.3% 40%
My reading comprehension is improved when I am using the near devices.
0% 0% 20% 46.7% 33%
I am able to sustain reading longer and/or experiences less eye fatigue when I utilize the near devices.
0% 13.3% 6.7% 60% 20%
I can access a greater variety of materials when I utilize the devices (e.g. classroom magazines, print menus, cooking instructions, and price tags).
0% 6.7% 6.7% 40% 46.7%
SURVEY RESULTS- PARENTSHow often does your child use the devices for near work at school or home (e.g. reading a book or completing worksheets)?
9 Respondents
Answer Choices Responses
Multiple Times Per Day 22.2%
Daily 55.6%
Weekly 11.1%
Monthly 11.1%
Never 0%
SURVEY RESULTS- PARENTSStronglyDisagree
Disagree Neutral Agree StronglyAgree
My child reads more quickly when he/she is using the near devices.
0% 0% 11.1% 33.3% 55.6%
My child’s reading comprehension is improved when he/she is using the near devices.
0% 0% 0% 44.4% 55.6%
My child is able to sustain reading longer and/or experiences less eye fatigue when he/she utilizes the near devices.
0% 0% 0% 66.7% 33.3%
My child can access a greater variety of materials when he/she utilizes the devices (e.g. classroom magazines, print menus, cooking instructions, and price tags).
0% 0% 0% 44.4% 55.6%
SURVEY RESULTS- TEACHERSHow often does the student use the devices for near work at school or home (e.g. reading a book or completing worksheets)?
5 Respondents
Answer Choices Responses
Multiple Times Per Day 60%
Daily 20%
Weekly 20%
Monthly 0%
Never 0%
SURVEY RESULTS- TEACHERSStronglyDisagree
Disagree Neutral Agree StronglyAgree
The student reads more quickly when he/she is using the near devices.
0% 0% 0% 20% 80%
The student’s reading comprehension is improved when he/she is using the near devices.
0% 0% 0% 60% 40%
The student is able to sustain reading longer and/or experiences less eye fatigue when he/she utilizes the near devices.
0% 0% 0% 20% 80%
The student can access a greater variety of materials when he/she utilizes the devices (e.g. classroom magazines, print menus, cooking instructions, and price tags).
0% 0% 0% 40% 60%
C O N C L U S I O N S
• I m p o r t a n c e o f l o w v i s i o n e v a l u a t i o n a n d
p r e s c r i b e d d e v i c e s
• C r i t i c a l f o r T V I s t o d o L M A a n d / o r r e a d i n g
a s s e s s m e n t s
• Every child is different, one size does not fit all
• Acuity is not a predictor for the best tool
• Regular print was the fastest for only one student- and this was Primary Print!!
• Results may change when a child transitions from primary print
SUGGESTED NEXT STEPS
• Share the results with the student and team
• Inconclusive or mixed results
• Further assessment with the student’s top two devices/medias
• Extended visual fatigue timings
Marci
17 y/o, 10th grader
Septo Optic Dysplasia/ONADistance: OD 20/160+
OS NLPNear: 1M@8-10cmSignificant Field Loss
Recommendations:4x12 hhts, 3x illum stand mag,ReadWrite slantboard, Onyx Desktop. Suggested 12” iPad for school and trial of a near/distance camera for the iPad
MARCI’S READING RESULTS
• Large print ( 124 wpm; 80% comp)
• CCTV (118 wpm; 90% comp)
• Reg. print (103 wpm; 90% comp)
• iPad (133 wpm; 90% comp)
• Marci reported fastest would be: 1) CCTV , 2) Large Print, 3) Regular Print.
• She reported CCTV as her preference.
Dan
12 y/o, 7th grader
Ocular Albinism and NystagmusDistance: OD 10/60+2
OS 10/60OU 10/60+2
Near: .8M@15 cmNo Field LossContrast Sensitivity Normal
Recommendations:7x18 MonocularMenasLUX3.5x Pocket Magnifier
DAN’S READING RESULTS
• Large Print (120 wpm; 70% comp)
• Reg. print w/ illum. dome (162 wpm; 70%)
• Reg. print w/ 3.5x pocket magnifier (200wpm; 90%)
• Dan reported fastest would be: 1) large print, 2)“more lighting”, 3) illuminated dome.
• He reported large print as his preference “mostly because I’ve gotten so used to it.”
