Reading Writing Skills of Arabic

8/8/2019 Reading Writing Skills of Arabic

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Reading and Writing

Skills

Edited on 5th Rabee3u-th-thaanee 1431

21st March 2010

READINGREADINGREADINGREADINGANDANDANDAND

WRITINGWRITINGWRITINGWRITING

SKILLSSKILLSSKILLSSKILLS


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INDEX

Introduction 2PART ONEPART ONEPART ONEPART ONE

Revision of the step by step book 3My beautiful letters 4Table of Arabic letters 5

Writing exercices 7The Marks 9Fat-hah 9Letter Hamzah 10Fat-hah and Alif Maddiyyah 12The shortened Alif 15kasrah 16Kasrah and yaa' Maddiyah

17Dammah 20Dammah and waaw Maddiyah 22Sukoon 24How to pause on Arabic words 25Shaddah 26

PART TWOPART TWOPART TWOPART TWO

Rules of reading more than a word 29Introduction to the Arabic word 30Tanween 31Tied Taa' 35Connecting Hamzah 37Disconnecting Hamzah 38Laam in (Al of definition) 39


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INTRODUCTION

All praise is for Allah. We praise Him, seek His help and forgiveness. Weseek refuge in Allah from the evils of ourselves, and the evils of our actions.I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah alone

and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant andMessenger.

- In the book you have in hand, we will complete the needed lessons to

be able to read and write any Arabic text

- We will start with a revision of the Step by Step book: Arabic letters,how to connect or separate them, the Arabic marks and the comparisonbetween short and long vowels.- Few new important lessons are added to make you able to readwords together are added.- It is important to know that this is a book of reading and writingpractice book, not a book to learn the language, so you might find fewwords that do not have meaning in Arabic but we are only using them forpractice.

- We will keep transliteration for most of the words, as probably it willbe a self-studying book, but always try to read the words without thetransliteration first then check if it is correct.- A question that might come to your mind when doing these lessons

is:

Why does the same word appears with different marks on the

last letter?

The ending of an Arabic word changes after its position (role of theword in the sentence e.g. subject, object etc ). However, the wordstill means the same.The reason of these changes will be explained later in the Qur'aanicArabic lessons

Hope you find these notes useful. May Allaah keep you straight on hispath, and teach you what will be beneficial for you, give you success in thislife and in the hereafter.


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PART 1

REVISION OF THE "STEP BY STEP" BOOK


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My beautiful letters


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Letter

Name

Figure

Vocaliza-

tion

Transliter-

tion

Example

N

ew

Heavy

Light

Atthe

end

Inthe

middle

Atthe

beginning

Connected

fromright

only

1

Ham

zah

firstsoundin

(a,o,e,

i)

a,o,e,

i

'Apple

*

2

Baa

b

b

Back

*

3

Taa

t

t

Tab

*

4

Th

aa

th

th

Thank

*

5

Jeem

j

j

Jar

*

6

Haa

-

h

-

*

*

7

Kh

aa

-

kh

-

*

*

8

Daal

d

d

Data

*

*

9

Dh

aal

th

dh

That

*

*

10

Raa

r

r

Right

*

*

11

Za

ay

z

z

Zoo

*

*

12

Se

en

s

s

Sand

*

13

Sheen

sh

sh

Shado

w

*

14

a

ad

S

s

s

Sauce

*

15

a

ad

D

-

d

-

*

*


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16

T

aa

t

t

-

*

17

Dhaa

th

dh

-

*

18

3ayn

-

3

-

*

*

19

Gh

yne

-

gh

-

*

*

20

F

aa

f

f

Fat

*

21

Q

aaf

-

q

-

*

*

22

K

aaf

k

k

Kid

*

23

La

am

l

l

Lamp

*

24

Meem

m

m

Map

*

25

Noon

n

n

Name

*

26

H

aa

h

h

Hat

*

27

W

aaw

w

w

Wing

*

*

W

aaw

Mad

diyah

oo

oo

Moon

*

__

*

28

Y

aa

Y

Y

You

*

Y

aa

Mad

diyah

ee

ee

Deep

__

29

A

lif

Mad

diyah

Longa

aa

sad

*

*


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WRITING EXERCISESWRITING EXERCISESWRITING EXERCISESWRITING EXERCISES

Connect the letters of the word

...............................................................................

...................................................................................

...................................................................................

Separate the letters of each word


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Remember that the non connectors (the letters connected from

right side only) are:

Connect the letters of the word

.............................................................................

..................................................................

...............

...................................................................................

Separate the letters of each word


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*1 THE MARKSTHE MARKSTHE MARKSTHE MARKS

ammah, Kasrah, Sukoon and Shaddah)Dah,h-(Fat

1111----FATFATFATFAT----HAHHAHHAHHAHis a small diagonal line placed above a letter, and represents a short (a).

This (a) is pronounced as (a) in (tablet). The word Fat-hahmeans opening,

and refers to the opening of the mouth when producing an (a)

The mark of Fat-hah is up, and my mouth goes up

ahh-FatThe letters with the

2*'abatathajahakha dadharazasashasa

datadha3aghafaqa

kalamanahawaya*1-The letter ( ) you see at the beginning of that word is not a long vowel

(long vowels cannot start a word) but it is a type of Hamzah called Hamzah

of connection that will be explained later in that book.

*2- We have only chosen the form of the Hamzah without a seat as an

example, anyway the Hamzah sound will not change with all her seats. Lookat the next page for a quick revision of Hamzah.

ba


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LETTER HAMZAHLETTER HAMZAHLETTER HAMZAHLETTER HAMZAH

The Hamzah is represented by a sign. This sign is sometimes written overor under certain letters called seats, or else aloof.

:(The seats can be((((or(The seat is not pronounced, but is only an orthographic convention in thespelling of words with Hamzah.

There is a cardinal rule in the reading of Hamzah:

The writing of Hamzah:

1- Aloof ( ) not connected from right or from left.2- With a carrier, in which case it becomes like a diacritic:

a- Above and under an Alif ( ( (This is how it appears at the beginningof a word)

b. Above a waaw )(c. Above a dotless yaa' )( The rules of writing The Hamzah will be studied later

Important comment:Note that the Alif and Hamzah are two different letters. The letter Alif is

a long vowel, always written free from any type of Harakah, and it nevercomes at the beginning of a word. But Hamzah is a consonant thatcomes anywhere in the word with a Harakah.(Step by step book page 61)

But because the Hamzah is mostly using Alif as a seat, people call the

Hamzah on the top of Alif () : "Alif" also.This might cause lot of confusion to the beginners but soon you will get

used to it.

In our lessons, we will always follow the correct way of differentiatingbetween them as they are not the same.

If there is a seat, ignore it.


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ahh-Words with Fat

Read, Copy and revise how to connect the letters

fatahakatabaghasaladhalamahasada

jama3afa3alanasarakasaba3amala

qatalaghafaranasakanaharayabasa


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yah (long vowel)yah and Alif Maddih-Fat

If the letter Alif ) ) comes after a letter with Fat-hah (Alif is alwayspreceded by Fat-hah), then this Alif will be pronounced like double Fat-hah as (a) in dad. We call it Alif Madiyyah.

-Alif Maddiyyah is the long form of Fat-hah

An Arabic word cannot start with Alif Maddiyah because Madd is likeSukoon.

StandardArabic)+=(

Qur'aanscriptz#

'aabaataathaajaahaakhaa

daadhaaraazaasaashaasaa

daataadhaa3aaghaafaaqaa

kaalaamaanaahaawaayaa


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ah and with long vowel Alifh-Comparison between letters with Fat

Madiyyahah and Alifh-Words that have Fat

'aababaatataabathaarajaalahaamakhaaba

daanadhaqaraajazaalasaahashaahasaagha

daa3ataaradhaa'a3aathaghaasafaazaqaada

kaalalaahamaa'anaasahaabawaalayaaya


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in wordsah and long vowel Alifh-Comparison between Fat

zt#u

amanaaamanarafa3araafa3aahfataahfaata

You should be able to continue reading without help


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2222----KASRAHKASRAHKASRAHKASRAHIs a small diagonal line placed below a letter and represents a short (i).

This (i) is pronounced as (i) in bin. The word Kasrahmeans breaking.

The mark of Kasrah is down, and my mouth goes down bi

Words with kasrah'ibitithijihikhi

didhirizisishisi

ditidhi3ighifiqi

kiliminihiwiyi

ah and kasrahh-Words with Fat

habitakhasiranasiyakarihaibili

farihaya'isafazi3aya3iya3alima

asifabariqalabithawasi3abakhila


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Kasrah and yaa' Maddiyah (long vowel)

- If the letter Yaa' ( ) comes after a letter with Kasrah and has no markover or below it, then this Yaa' will be pronounced like double Kasrah as(ee) in beep. We call it Yaa' Madiyyah.

- Yaa' Maddiyyah is the long form of kasrah.

- An Arabic word cannot start with Yaa' Maddiyyah (Madd is like Sukoon)

'eebeeteetheejeeheekhee

deedheereezeeseesheesee

deeteedhee3eegheefeeqee

keeleemeeneeheeweeyee


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Comparison between letters with kasrah and long vowel Yaa'

Words that have long vowel Yaa'

'eemaanakabeerateenakatheerarajeemaraheemarakheesa

deenanadheerareema3azeezayaseelarasheedaqaseera

nadeedateeba3adheema3eeragheedafeelaqeela

makeenaqaleelasameenaneelaraheebaraaweenaayee


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Comparison between kasrah and long vowel Yaa' in words


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3333---- DAMMAHDAMMAHDAMMAHDAMMAHIs a small curl placed above a letter and represents a short (u). This (u)is pronounced as (u) in bull . The word Dammahmeans a hug.

The mark of Dammah looks like a whistle, that I blow in.bu

ammahDLetters with

'ubututhujuhukhu

dudhuruzusushusu

dutudhu3ughufuqu

kulumunuhuwuyu


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ammahDWords with

kutubusubuluhurumurusuluturuqu

3urubunudhuru3umurukuthuruzuburu

ammah and waaw Maddiyah (long vowel)D

- If the letter Waaw ( ) comes after a letter with Dammah and has no

mark above or below it, then this Waaw will be pronounced like doubleDammah as (oo) in boot. We call it Waaw Madiyyah.

- Waaw Maddiyah is the long form of Dammah.

- An Arabic word cannot start with Waaw Maddiyah (Madd is like Sukoon)

'oobootoothoojoohookhoo

doodhooroozoosooshoosoo

dootoodhoo3ooghoofooqoo

kooloomoonoohoowooyoo


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waawammah and long vowelDComparison between letters with

Words that have long vowel waaw

'oolaabooruyatoobunathooru3ujooluhoorukhooru

doonaadhuqamuroojiyazoorusooruqushooraqusooru

doora3utoorihudhoodhuya3oolanaghoosufoolutaqoodu

akoona3uloomiyamoorunoorusuhooladawoodu3uyooni


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in wordsammah and long vowel waawDComparison between


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4444----SUKOONSUKOONSUKOONSUKOON (Absence of the vowel)

This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that this letter isnot followed by any vowels sound (Absence of the vowel).It is pronounced as t in ant, b in cobraetc

..... ..

ra'sunabneeyat3abunath'arumujmalumuhsinufakhra

.......

madyanu3adhbibarqawizriyasma3uqirshunasru.......

fadlee3itrunaahadhruba3leenaghfootaftahunaqli

. . ....

maktabahalamhalaminhusahlusawsansaylu

This is to show the way to pronounce Sukoon in the middle of a word, to stop beforethe dot then to continue the word. The correct way of writing is on the next line.


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How to pause on Arabic words

- An Arabic word never starts with Sukoon.- If you pause on any word, you have to keep a Sukoon on the last letter

of the word e.g. the last letter must be 'still' (in reading) even if there is adifferent mark on it (in writing).

Pausingform

The word

Word ending with Fat-hah or Dammah or Kasrah, wepause with sukoon on the last letter. walad -

Word ending with a long vowel, we pause on a longvowel as well. Fee

Maa

yarjoo

Word ending with Shaddah, we pause on sukoon butwith doubling the letter. 3aduww

If the last letter is a waaw without Shaddahpreceded by a Dammah, or a yaa' without Shaddahpreceded by a Kasrah, we change the waaw and yaa'to long vowels when pausing.

hoo

hee


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www.quranicarabic.wordpr

5555----SHADDAHSHADDAHSHADDAHSHADDAHThis mark written on thshould be stressed (whisame letter with a vow

Shaddah can be with th

Help Shaddathe ton

1-Shaddah with Fat-Example: when you say

On the first 't' there is

2-Shaddah with KasExample: when you say

On the first 't' there is

3-Shaddah with DaExample: when you sayOn the first 't' there is

+ ( with

+ with)+ ) with

ss.com

e top of the Arabic letter indicatesch means to pause on the letter al).

e Fat-hah or the Kasrah orth is repeating the letter twice with

ue: once with a sukoon and once

hah

: what time is it?

Sukoon and on the second there

rah: Do you like hot tea?

Sukoon and on the second there i

mah : I like it too!Sukoon and on the second there i

(Step by Step

shaddah and Fat-hah) is batta = shaddah and Kasrah) is batti = shaddah and Dammah)is battu =

Page

that the letterd then to say the

eDammah ut moving

ith a vowel

is a Fat-hah.

s a Kasrah.

s a Dammah.

age 21)


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Words with Shaddah at the end of the word

abbaabb

abbiabb

abbuabb

fullpausal*

battabattibattubaththabaththibaththu

3ajja3ajji3ajjumahhamahhiuhhma

rakhkharakhkhirakhkhusaddasaddisaddu

hadhdhahadhdhihadhdhusarrasarrisarrumazzamazzimazzuhassahassiuassh

rashsharashshirashshuqassaqassiussqa

haddahaddihadduda33ada33ida33u

zaghghazaghghizaghghukaffakaffikaffu

daqqadaqqidaqqushakkashakkishakku

jallajallijalluhammahammihammu


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hannahannihannusahhasahhisahhu

qawwaqawwiqawwu3ayya3ayyi3ayyu*You should read each word once in full form keeping the last vowel (when youcontinue reading after that word) and once when pausing on Sukoon by keepingthe stress (doubling the letter) on the last letter.

Words with Shaddah

Full formPausal formMeaning

Allaahusharruhubbafannaanukhayyaatu

AllaahsharrhubbfannaankhayyaatAllaahevilloveartisttailor

sittoonamuttaqeesaffumudarrisunajjaarusittoonmuttaqeesaffmudarrisnajjaarsixtypiousrowteachercarpenter


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PART 2NEW LESSONS

RULES OF READING MORE THAN A WORD

1- INTRODUCTION OF THE ARABIC WORD2- TANWEEN3- TAA' MARBOOTAH

4- HAMZA-TUL-WASL5- LAAM AT-TA3REEF


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1111---- INTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORDINTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORDINTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORDINTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORD

The Arabic Word

Noun ParticleVerb

Human

Past tenseverb

Preposition

..

Animal

Present

tense verb Conjunction

Particle ..

Solid Command

verb( imperative)

NegationParticle

Plant CallingParticle

PlaceEtc.TimeAdjective

Pronoun Demonstrative

RelativePronounEtc.


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2222----TANWEENTANWEENTANWEENTANWEEN Tanween is a sound of Noon with Sukoon, that you hear at the end of

Arabic indefinite nouns, but you do not write as a letter. It is written in aspecial way, by writing the vowel marktwice.

=bintan =bintin =bintunorTanweenFat-hah

(Fat-hataan)*

Tanween Kasrah(Kasrataan)

TanweenDammah

(Dammataan)

Fat-hataan means 2 Fat-hah, Kasrataan means 2 kasrah and Dammataan

means 2 Dammah. (as if the first is the vowel and the second in for )

- Note that the Fat-hataan marks are regularly followed by an Alif,written as the last letter in the word, but this Alif does not indicate a longvowel except in the pausal form.

- The sound of Noon is heard only when we continue to read after thatword, but if we pause on that word, we pause on Sukoon over the lastwritten letter and we do not hear Noon sound of Tanween.

Full form Pausal form

(Continuing reading after that word) (Stopping on that word)

1- Dammataan un: bintun bint (like in Dammah)2- Kasrataan in: bintin bint (like in Kasrah)3- Fat-hataan an: bintan bintaa(different than

Fat-hah due to the long vowel Alif that is added to the end)


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The letters with Tanween and how to pause at the end of the word

full

pausalda'un

da'da'inda'

da'anda'aa

abunab

abinab

abanabaa

batun

batbatinbat

batanbataa

bathunbath

bathinbath

bathanbathaa

3ajun

3aj3ajin3aj

3ajan3ajaa

mahunmah

mahinmah

mahanmahaa

rakhun

rakh

rakhin

rakhrakhan

rakhaasadun

sad

sadin

sadsadan

sadaa

hadhunhadh

hadhinhadh

hadhanhadhaa

sarunsar

sarinsar

saransaraa

mazun

mazmazinmazmazanmazaabasunbasbasinbasbasanbasaa

rashun

rashrashinrash

rashanrashaa

qasunqas

qasinqas

qasanqasaa

hadunhad

hadinhad

hadanhadaa

batunbat

batinbat

batanbataa


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nadhunnadh

nadhinnadh

nadhannadhaa

da3unda3

da3inda3

da3anda3aa

zaghun

zaghzaghinzagh

zaghanzaghaa

kafunkaf

kafinkaf

kafankafaa

daqun

daqdaqindaq

daqandaqaa

shakunshak

shakinshak

shakanshakaa

jalunjal

jalinjal

jalanjalaa

hamunham

haminham

hamanhamaa

fanunfanfaninfanfananfanaasahunsahsahinsahsahansahaa

lawunlaw

lawinlaw

lawanlawaa

nayunnay

nayinnay

nayannayaa


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Words with short vowels and Tanween and how to pause on them

TanweenDammah

DammahTanweenKasrah

KasrahTanweenFat-hah

Fat-hah

Fullform

baytunbaytubaytinbaytibaytanbaytaPausal

form

bayt

bayt

bayt

bayt

baytaa

bayt

meaninghousehousehousehousehousehouseFullform

kitaabunkitaabukhayrinkhayrirasoolanrasoola

Pausalform

kitaabkitaabkhayrkhayrrasoolaarasool

meaningbookbookgoodgoodmessengermessenger


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3333 ----TAA' MARBOOTAHTAA' MARBOOTAHTAA' MARBOOTAHTAA' MARBOOTAHThe Tied Taa'

- Taa' Marbootah occurs only as the last consonant of a noun.- It is a sign of femininity in singular nouns.

- It is a combination of the letter and the letterEx - If we continue the reading after a word ending with Taa' Marbootah, we

pronounce it as a Taa' , but if we pause on such word, we pause ona Haa'with Sukoon.

*Notice that the long vowel Alif that comes after Tanween Fat-hah is notwritten after Taa' Marbootah and that the pausal form is on Haa' Sukoonas well.

Ex.

TanweenDammahDammah

TanweenKasrahKasrah

TanweenFat-hahFat-hah

Full formwardatun

wardatu

wardatin

wardati

wardatan

wardata

Pausalform

wardahwardahwardahwardahwardahwardahmeaningroseroseroseroseroserose

Full formsalaatunsalaatukalimatinkalimatijannatanjannata

Pausalform

salaahsalaahkalimahkalimahjannahjannah

prayerprayerwordwordparadiseparadise

If you fly to the next word, take the upperdots of with you

& if you stop suddenly and fall, you say oh!


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/Read

.1- bintun jameelah. A beautiful girl .hin kabeerat'iraaat-2

A big plane

..hahaliasnutu zawjathadeejak-3Khadeeja is a good wife

Notice that when we pause at the end of the sentences, we change thesound of Taa' Marbootah to a Haa' with sukoon.


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4444---- HAMZATHAMZATHAMZATHAMZAT----ULULULUL----WASLWASLWASLWASLThe connecting Hamzah

If the Alifis not carrying the sign of Hamzah, then it must be a long vowel

EXCEPT when it occurs first letter in the word.

In that case, the Alif is a Hamzah (consonant), but it is a special type ofHamzah that is pronounced only when it is the first sound coming outof the mouth (i.e. when you begin speaking by pronouncing that Hamzah).

This Hamzah is called 'Hamzat-ul-Wasl' or the 'connectingHamzah'

- It comes only at the beginning of the word.- It looks like long vowel Alif, but you already know that this last cannot beat the beginning of a word, as it is a sukoon.

- In the Quraan it has a symbol like smallon the top. )( ,but instandard Arabicbooks it is free of any sign.

- This Hamzah is pronounced only at the beginning of the speech, i.e. whenno other speech sound has been pronounced immediately before it;Otherwise, it is silent.

- If we start with the word we say: Allaah. (we hear the sound ofBut if we start with a word before it Ex. We say: Jazaka-llaah (We dont pronounce A of the word Allaah,we directly go from the Kaafof Jazaaka to the letter Laam of the word

(Allaah). The Hamzah is omitted)

StandardArabic

Qur'aanscriptuO$#y yuO$#

'ithnaynzawjayni-thnayn

starting withHamza wasl

reading a wordbefore it

meaningtwotwo pairs


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HAMZATHAMZATHAMZATHAMZAT----ULULULUL----QATQATQATQAT3333The disconnecting Hamzah

-The other outspoken Hamzah ( ) at the beginning of a word, with thediacritic on the top is called 'Hamzat-ul-Qat3' orthe"Disconnecting Hamzah";that one is always pronounced, whether you

start with that word or you read a word before Ex. Huwa Ahmad

/

: aal?h-l-ayfakammad:hMu How is the situation? (How are you?)

: .illaah.-amdu lh-l-khayrin wa-assan: biH In good and thanks to Allaah.

: smuk?-ammad: mahMuWhat is your name?

: .assan.Hassan: IsmeeHMy name is Hassan

Standard Arabic Qur'aan

script59r& A>$s)59r&aleem3iqaabin aleem

srarting with

Hamzat-ul-Qat3reading a word

before it

meaningpainfulpainful punishment


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5---- LAAM IN AL ATLAAM IN AL ATLAAM IN AL ATLAAM IN AL AT----TATATATA3333REEFREEFREEFREEFThe letter Laam that occurs in Al of Definition

1- * is connected to nouns to make them definite.It is equivalent to the English word "The", but should be connected at thebeginning of the noun not separate from it as in "The"

Ex. - 3- The nouns that have Al of Definition cannot have Tanween. Reading the letter Laam that occurs in Al of Definition

The letter Laam in "Al at-Ta3reef" can be read in one of two waysdepending on the letter following it:- Pronouncing that Laam clearly.- Omitting that Laam by inserting it in the following letter.

a-Pronouncing that Laam clearly

When that Laam precedes a noun beginning with any of the fourteen letters

in the group:

Thein that case is calledLaam Qamariyyah from(moon)due to the first letterthat is one of the previous fourteen letters

al-gha al-3a al-kha al-ha al-ja al-ba al-'a

al-ya al-wa al-ha al-ma al-ka al-qa al-fa

*Al of definition is starting with Hamzat-ul-Wasl

That Laam can be recognized easily by the Sukoon appearing over it.


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/

b-Omitting that Laam by inserting it in the following letter:

When that Laam precedes a noun beginning with any of the remainfourteen letters of Arabic

The

in that case is called Laam Shamsiyyah

from

(sun)

duetothefirstletter whichisoneofthepreviousfourteenletters.

al-ghuraab al-3arab al-khayr al-hajar al-jamal al-bayt al-'a3laaThe crow The

ArabsThe good The

stoneThe

camelThe girl The

highest

al-yawm al-walad al-hudaa al-mawz al-kitaab al-qamar al-feelThe day The boy The

guidanceThe

bananaThebook

Themoon

Theelephant

an-na az-za ar-ra adh-dha ad-da ath-tha at-ta

al-la adh-dha at-ta ad-da as-sa ash-sha as-sa


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/

Ayyaamu-l-usboo3Days of the week

A word with Hamzatu-l-wasl and Laam shamsiyyah

an-noor az-zayt ar-raqm adh-dhurah ad-deen ath-thawb at-tawheedThelight

The oil Thenumber

Thecorn

Thereligion

Thedress

Themonotheis

m

al-layl adh-dhufr at-teen ad-daalleen as-sawt ash-shams as-samaa'The

night

The

nail

The

clay

The

misguided

The

sound

The

sun

The

sky

ath-thulaathaa' al-ithnayn al-ahad as-sabt

Tuesday Monday Sunday Saturday

al-jumu3ah al-khamees al-arbi3aa'

Friday Thursday Wednesday

Standard Arabic Qur'aan

script$9$#

7=t$9$#an-naasmaliki-nnaas

starting withHamza wasl

reading a wordbefore it

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Reading Writing Skills of Arabic