Click here to load reader
Upload
dinhdat
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
()
OFDM
40407
OFDM
(OFDM)OFDM
OFDM OFDMOFDM
OFDMOFDMOFDMmatlab
OFDM
Analysis and Simulation on OFDM
Synchronization Technology
Author: Guo Haifeng
Tutor: Huang Liqun
Abstract
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is one of key technologies in mobile communication fields; it is suitable for high rate data transmission in wireless channels because it can combat Inter-Symbol Interference and multi-path fading efficiently, now it has become an attractive technology. OFDM is a multiple carriers technology, supports high rate data transmission with high spectrum efficiency. At present, OFDM technology has been used in many fields, such as wireless local network, digital audio broadcasting, and digital video broadcasting systems and so on. It is very promising to be a core technology of the fourth generation mobile communications.
At first, the principle, properties and key technology are described simplyseveral synchronization in need for the system are introduced. The effect of synchronization error of an OFDM system is discussed in detail. The study show that symbol timing offset and sampling frequency offset would introduce inter-symbol interference, frequency offset of carriers would result in inter-carrier interference. So, in an OFDM system, finding the symbol timing, the carrier frequency offset, and the sampling rate offset at the receiver is important in the recovery of the signal.
Finally this paper on OFDM system for the simulation, designed OFDM system simulation model developed OFDM system matlab procedures, the various periods of signal transmission waveform were analyzed, and by changing the channel signal to noise ratio of the system against multi-path The ability of the decline.
Key Words: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Carrier frequency offset, Timing error
11
11.1 OFDM
21.2 OFDM
31.3
52 OFDM
52.1 OFDM
62.1.1 0FDM
72.1.2
82.1.3
112.2 OFDM
133 OFDM
133.1
133.1.1
133.1.2 OFDM
153.2 OFDM
163.2.1
173.2.2
203.2.3
263.3
284 OFDM
284.1 OFDM
284.1.1
284.1.2 QPSK
304.1.3
304.1.4 FFT/IFFT
304.1.5//
304.2
354.3
38
39
40
41
1
1.1 OFDM
OFDM(Orthogona1Frequency Division Multiplexing)2060OFDMOFDMOFDM1971 WeinsteinEbertOFDM(VLSI) OFDM80OFDM1995(ETSI)OFDM(DAB)OFDM1997OFDM(DVB-T)1999IEEEOFDMIEEE802.llaOFDMCDMACDMAOFDM(ADSL)ETSI (DAB)(DVB)(HDTV)(WLAN)
(OFDM)OFDMOFDM
DSP/Modem64/128/256QAM OFDMOFDMBeyond3GOFDM
1.2 OFDM
OFDMOFDM[1]
(1)OFDMOFDM2 Band/Hz
(2)ISIOFDMOFDMOFDM
(3)(IDFTInverse Discrete Fourier Transform)(DFTDiscrete Fourier Transform)(FFT)DSP FFTIFFT OFDM
(4)OFDM
OFDM
(1)OFDMFFT(ICIInter-channel Interference)
(2)(PAPR)OFDMPAPR
1.3
OFDMDABDVBHDTVOFDMOFDMOFDMOFDMOFDM
2 OFDM
2.1 OFDM
OFDMOFDM OFDMOFDM
NNaa Hz50%[2]
OFDMFFTFDMAOFDMOFDMOFDM OFDMOFDM
2.1.1 0FDM
)
(
0
t
q
2.1
2.1[3]
TTsT=NTspi(t)qi(t)pi(t)qi(t)
=
=
=
n
m
C
n
m
C
dt
t
q
t
p
mn
T
n
m
s
,
,
0
)
(
)
(
0
d
2.1
OFDM
)
(
t
p
i
)
(
t
q
i
t
f
j
m
m
e
t
p
p
2
)
(
=
t
f
j
n
n
e
t
q
p
2
)
(
-
=
)
(
t
p
i
)
(
t
q
i
2.1
22
0
0,
,
mtn
T
jftjft
mn
eedt
Tmn
pp
-
=
=
2.2
n
f
00
//,0,1
ns
ffnTfnNTmnN
=+=+-
s(t)
-
=
=
1
0
2
)
(
)
(
N
n
t
f
j
n
e
n
d
t
s
p
)
(
*
)
(
)
(
t
g
t
d
n
d
n
=
11
2
22
00
00
11
()()()()
ss
nms
nm
NN
jt
NTNT
jftjftNT
nn
ss
dmdneedtdnedtdm
NTNT
p
pp
-
--
-
==
===
2.3
2.3md(m),
s
NT
1
0
2.1.2
-
=
=
1
0
2
)
(
)
(
N
n
t
f
j
n
e
n
d
t
s
p
2.4
0
0
11
2()2
2
00
()
()()[()]
ss
l
nn
NN
jftjt
NTNTjft
nn
st
stdnednee
pp
p
--
+
==
==
1442443
2.5
)
(
t
s
l
)
(
k
s
l
1
2
0
()()
s
n
N
jt
NT
ls
n
skdnetkT
p
-
=
==
1
,
0
,
)
(
1
0
2
-
=
-
=
N
k
n
e
n
d
N
n
N
nk
j
p
2.6
NOFDMIDFT2.6
)
(
k
s
l
d(n)IDFT
1
,
0
,
)
(
)
(
1
0
2
-
=
-
=
-
N
k
n
e
k
s
n
d
N
k
N
nk
j
l
p
)
(
n
d
)
(
k
s
l
OFDMFFT/IFFT[4]NDFTIDFTN*NFFTIFFT2-FFTIFFT
N
N
2
log
2
,N=16DFTFFT25632NFFT
OFDM4FFT4FFT{1-1j-j}(-jj)4-FFTFFT4FFTN4FFT(3/8)N(Log2N-2)Nlog2N64FFT963841.56
2.1.3
2.2
)
(
t
s
2.2
=
-
+
=
+
=
M
m
k
m
k
m
k
k
k
k
n
x
h
n
h
x
y
0
*
{
1
1
,...,
,
-
-
-
N
k
k
k
x
x
x
}
+
=
+
-
-
+
-
-
+
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
,...
,
,
0
,...,
0
.
.
.
,...
0
,
,...
,
,
0
0
,...,
0
,
,...
,
.
.
.
N
k
k
k
N
k
k
k
M
M
M
N
k
k
k
n
n
n
x
x
x
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
y
y
y
{
1
1
,...,
,
-
-
-
N
k
k
k
y
y
y
}MNM0M+N2.3
)
(
0
t
p
2.3
ICI2.4OFDMOFDMFFT
)
(
*
t
g
-
2.4
OFDM [5]2.5FFTOFDMCPCPOFDM2.6
)
(
*
t
g
-
2.5
)
(
*
t
g
-
2.6 FFTOFDM
2.2 OFDM
OFDM[6]
1.
OFDMFDMATDMACDMA
2.
OFDM
3.
OFDMOFDMOFDMOFDMCOFDM:
4.
OFDMNNOFDMNPAPROFDM(HPA)PAPROFDMOFDMPAPR
5.
OFDMOFDMOFDMISICPCP
3 OFDM
3.1
3.1.1
OFDM
NOFDMICIICIOFDMOFDMOFDM
3.1.2 OFDM
OFDM
t
t
f
j
c
e
D
p
2
c
f
D
FFT
1
OFDMOFDMOFDMOFDMOFDMOFDMFFT
ICIISIICIISIICI
2
)
(
1
t
q
N
-
ICI3-17ICIMoose[7]ICIAWGNSNR
3.1
2
2
)
/
(sin
sin
5947
.
0
1
)
(
pe
pe
pe
e
SNR
SNR
SNR
e
+
3.1
SNR30dB
2
10
3
.
1
-
e
ICIFFT
data-aided[8]OFDMnon-data-aided,OFDMOFDMOFDM
3.2 OFDM
P.MooseOFDMFFT
1/2D.Landstrom[9]RobustT.M.SchmidlOFDMOFDMOFDMOFDMOFDM
1/2
3.2.1
IFFTOFDM
-
=
=
1
0
)
2
exp(
1
)
(
N
n
n
N
kn
j
j
X
N
k
s
p
k=0,1,,N-1 3.2
n
X
N
-
=
-
=
1
0
)
(
)
(
)
,
(
p
L
l
l
l
t
h
t
h
t
t
d
t
3.3
)
(
t
h
l
l
l
t
lLp
-
=
+
-
+
=
1
0
0
0
)
(
)
(
)
)
((
)
2
exp(
)
2
exp(
)
(
p
L
l
l
s
l
s
s
k
w
n
k
s
T
d
k
h
kT
f
j
dT
f
j
k
r
p
p
3.4
]
/
[
s
l
l
T
d
n
t
+
-
=
0
f
dTs
F
l
s
NT
f
e
e
e
+
=
=
2
0
l
e
F
e
P.MooseOFDM2N
)
(
)
/
2
exp(
)
(
)
(
k
n
N
k
j
k
s
k
r
+
=
e
p
k=0,1,,N-1 3.5
3.3NFFTn
-
=
-
=
1
0
1
)
2
exp(
)
(
N
k
n
N
kn
j
k
r
R
p
n=0,1,,N-1 3.6
NFFTn
-
=
-
=
1
2
2
)
2
exp(
)
(
N
N
k
n
N
kn
j
k
r
R
p
1
0
2
()exp()
N
k
kn
rkNj
N
p
-
=
-
=+
n=0,1,,N-1 3.7
3.5
)
2
exp(
)
2
exp(
)
(
)
(
1
2
pe
pe
j
R
R
j
k
r
N
k
r
n
n
=
=
+
3.8
3.8
n
R
2
n
R
1
)
2
exp(
pe
j
n
n
n
n
n
n
W
R
Y
W
R
Y
2
2
2
1
1
1
+
=
+
=
n=0,1,N-1 3.9
=
-
=
-
=
-
N
N
n
n
n
N
N
n
n
n
Y
Y
Y
Y
]
Re[
]
Im[
tan
)
2
/
1
(
*
1
2
*
1
2
1
p
e
3.10
3.82
p
1/2FFT
p
s
NT
T
f
T
f
=
D
=
=
,
/
0
e
e
f
D
max
d
FFT
max
2
d
D
initial
f
3.11
3.2.2
OFDM
OFDMNNp
G
p
N
N
-
{
}
G
-
=
/
1
,...,
0
)
2
exp(
1
)
(
N
N
k
N
kn
j
X
N
n
s
p
3.12
k
X
{
}
2
2
k
x
X
E
=
s
2
p
N
G
=
k
k
N
kn
j
P
N
n
m
)
2
exp(
1
)
(
p
3.13
k
P
{
}
2
2
k
P
E
=
s
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
n
w
n
m
n
s
n
r
+
-
+
-
=
q
q
3.14
q
)
(
n
w
2
w
s
s(n)m(n)s(n)
N
N
N
p
x
/
)
(
,
2
-
=
a
as
OFDM
p
NN