Prof.Darshan S.Patel

M.Tech (Power Electronics & Drives)

Assistant Professor,Department of Electrical Engineering

Sankalchand Patel College of Engineerig-VisnagarE-mail:darshu268@gmail.com

URL:www.darshanspatel.weebly.com

Real Time Implementation

of

Power Electronics System

What is power electronics?

Power Electronics: is the electronics applied to

conversion and control of electric power.

milli watts

giga watts

mega watts

Power

Processor

Controller

Load

measurement

reference

POWER

INPUTPOWER

OUTPUT

vi , ii vo , io

Source

Technology Associated with Efficient Conversion, Control and

Conditioning of electric power/energy using semiconductor

devices from any available electric input form to any

desirable output power form.

Input Electric Power :AC/DC in the form of (Voltage/Current)

Output Electric Power :AC/DC in the form of (Voltage/Current)

William E. Newell’s description

Power electronics is the interface between electronics and power.

Power

Electronics

学

Electronics

Power

学

Control

Continuous,

discrete

连续、离

散

Static & rotating

power equipment

Devices,circuits

The Interdisciplinary Nature

Power

electronics

electroni

cs

electr

Electric

machines

Circuit Ct

theory

Systems&

Control theory

Control

theory

Signal

Processing

Simulation &

computing

electronics

Solid state

physics

Electromagnetics

Power

systems

The Lohner-Porsche Mixte Hybrid was the first hybrid

vehicle developed by Ferdinand Porsche. (1990’s)

Battery operated 2 Wheelers

Power semiconductor devices

(Power switches)

Power switches: work-horses of PE

systems.

Operates in two states:

Fully on. i.e. switch closed.

Conducting state

Fully off , i.e. switch opened.

Blocking state

Power switch never operates in

linear mode.

POWER SWITCH

SWITCH ON (fully closed)

Vin

Vswitch

= 0

I

SWITCH OFF (fully opened)

Vin

Vswitch

= Vin

I=0

12

• Can be categorised into three

groups:

– Uncontrolled: Diode

– Semi-controlled: Thyristor

(SCR).

– Fully controlled:

– Power transistors:

e.g. BJT, MOSFET, IGBT,

GTO, IGCT

13

+

VCE

_

IC

C (collector)

G (gate)

E (emitter)

+

VGE _

AC input DC output

DC input DC output

DC input AC output

AC

VoltageController

V0(RMS)

fS

Variable AC

RMS O/P Voltage

AC

Input

Voltage

fs

Vs

fs

Power Conversion Concept

Supply from 50Hz, 240V

RMS (340V peak). Customer

need DC voltage for welding

purpose, say.

sine-wave supply gives zero

DC component!

We can use simple half-wave

rectifier. A fixed DC voltage is

now obtained. This is a

simple PE system.

tim

e

Vs (Volt)

Vo

tim

e

Vdc

+

Vs

_

21

How if customer wants variable DC voltage?

More complex circuit using SCR is required.

wt

vo

a

ig

wt

wt

vs

+

vo

_

+

vs

_

ig

ia

Sine PWM.

AC-AC Converter

AC Voltage Controller

Simulink Diagram

Continuous

pow ergui

v+-

Voltage Measurement1

v+-

Voltage Measurement

+

Series RLC Branch

Scope

Pulse

Generator1

Pulse

Generator

gm

ak

Detailed Thyristor1

g m

a k

Detailed Thyristor

DC Voltage Source

i+

-

Current Measurement

AC Voltage Source

What about Real Time ???

Simulation is for the verification only

Hardware Implementation is must for the

Power conversion.

HOW????? Microcontrollers

DSPs

FPGA

Moore's law

Early day (1970’s/80’s)

Intel 8048

Intel 8051

Zilog Z8

Motorola 68HC05

Popular Microcontrollers

Popular Microcontrollers

Current day

Microchip PIC / PICAXE

Amtel AVR / ATmega

Cortex M3

Hardware Implementation

of

Full Bridge Inverter using 89C51

Block Diagram

Power Circuit

Control Circuit

Hardware Implementation

Testing of controller card in Proteus software

Microcontroller Card

Simulation/Hardware Results

ds PIC Microcontrollers

High-Performance, 16-bit Digital

Signal Controllers

• Timer/Counters, up to nine 16-bit

timers:

- Can pair up to make four 32-bit

timers

- Programmable prescaler

• Input Capture (up to 8 channels):

- 16-bit capture input functions

- 4-deep FIFO on each capture

• Output Compare (up to 8 channels)

- Single or Dual 16-Bit Compare

mode

- 16-bit Glitch less PWM mode

Ardunio

A free development system based on Atmel AVR 8 bit microcontrollers.

Digital IO (LEDs, switches)

Analog IO (resistive sensor data)

Serial Connection (Sensors, GPS etc..)

Program from your computer

Your limit is only your creativity!

What do these do?

Arduino I/O Boards

What is Arduino?

Open Source Hardware,

you can make your own

board, or buy one.

Cheap, easily available.

Open Source Software.

Very widespread, many

projects openly available.

Inexpensive ($ 29 from

Sparkfun)

Arduino (ATmega based)

The 555 of the 21st century

Open Source Hardware

Open architecture for expansion

USB, Ethernet, wireless, motor, LCD

Open Source Software Development Tools

Integrated Development Environment

Rich library sets for supporting peripherals

I/O

Arduino Instruction Set

Arduino Board Overview

Arduino Language

C like syntax, but simplified

Abstracts the pin naming to numbers

Trades efficience for ease of use

Easy to learn, yet powerful

Lots of example code

Easy to reuse C-code from other projects

Libraries can be written in C++

Lots of libraries available

Programming the Arduino

Sample code for LED

// Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards.

// give it a name:

int led = 13;

// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:

void setup() {

// initialize the digital pin as an output.

pinMode(led, OUTPUT);

}

// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:

void loop()

{

digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)

delay(1000); // wait for a second

digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW

delay(1000); // wait for a second

}

A call to analog Write()

is on a scale of 0 - 255,

such that analog.

Write (255) requests a

100% duty cycle (always

on).

Analog Write(127) is a

50% duty cycle (on half

the time) for example.

dSPACE Work Station

dSPACE DS1103 system consisting of:

DS1103 Board.

Expansion Box.

CLP1103 PPC Connector and LED Panel.

Control Desk Version 3.2.2/Other dSPACE

provided Software Applications.

PC dedicated to the workstation containing other

software applications required (Matlab/Simulink

Version R2008a and libraries).

DS1103 Workstation

PWM Output

pulses_ms_to_Hz

1000

Terminator 1

Terminator

RTI Data

RPM_to_Hz

50 .2996

RPM _in

0

Kz

.010417

K

5871 .7

Hz_to_pulses_ms

.001

Hz_to_RPM

.019881

Hz_DutyCycle

.00003

Ground

Gc

z +1.932751 z+0.9327512

z -1.39989 z+0.3998942

DS1103SL_DSP_PWM

PWM Channel 1

PWM Channel 2

PWM Channel 3

PWM Channel 4

DS1103 ENC_SETUP

ENCODER

MASTER SETUP

DS1103 ENC_POS_C1

Enc position

Enc delta position

0_to_1

DutyCycle

pulses_ms_out

RPM_in pulses_ms_inHz

Hz RPM_out

Kz_out TF_outGain_outSum Duty

PWM Output

Hardware Implementation of Three Level

CHB inverter using DSP

62

Simulation of Three Phase Three Level CHB Inverter

Cascaded H bridge Inverter

PWM Controller

Load

63

64

Block Diagram

DC LINK

Three Level

Cascaded H

bridge Inverter

Load

PWM Controller

65

Arrangement of DC Link

Given CHB Topology of Multilevel inverter needed Three

separate DC Link for three module of H Bridge.

For that Three transformer for isolation and three rectifier is

used for generate the DC Link Voltage.

66

Three Level CHB Inverter Power Circuit

67

Three Level CHB Inverter Power Circuit

For the Proposed Prototype Three Phase Three Level

Inverter 12 IGBTs Used of Infineon make IKW40T120.

Two carriers and one Modulating signal needed for

generating the pulses for 12 IGBTs.

Separate Three DC Links needed for the proposed

prototype.

68

Block Diagram of the Control Circuit

From The TMS320F24PQ DSP control card 12 Signals

Generated which distribute into the four of top and bottom signals

for each module Leg.

Into the FRC connector card six 14 Pins connectors are used

from which each connector gives the top bottom pulses to the

each leg.

69

70

TMS320F240PQ Control Card

Signals From The DSP to Driver

card Through FRC

DSP Signal to GATE

DRIVER Through FRC

71

FRC Connector

73

74

75

Power Testing

The prototype testing of the three-level inverter has been

carried out and the results have been verified. Various quantities

and waveforms have been observed and recorded for the further

analysis.

The 3-level Phase Shifted SPWM scheme is used for the PWM

signal generation.

During the Power Testing of the Inverter line to neutral and

line to line voltages waveform observed and satisfactory results

obtained.

76

Waveforms for Line to Neutral Voltages

Van

Vcn

Popular Digital Controllers

Texas Instruments(TI) Microcontrollers And Digital Signal

Processors MSP430

TMS320F2407

TMS3202812–Series

Piccolo, Delfino, Concerto etc.

Micro-Chip DsPIC Micro-controllers

DSPACE–Simulink Based Controller RT-1104

RT-1103

RT–1105

OPAL-RT

National Instruments(NI) Lab-View

FPGA Based Digital Controllers

Xilinx, Altera

OPAL RT

Large Scale Power Grid Simulation

Smart Grid and Renewable Energy

High Voltage Power Electronics

Plugin Hybrid and Drives

Control and Data Acquisition

Virtual Instrumentation With Lab VIEW

Some IDEs

U can Down load this Presentation

www.darshanspatel.weebly.com

Thank U