Real-time simulation with HVDC/FACTS replicas

Solutions to de-risking HVDC projects and operation

June 26, 2019 Operator Forum 2019, The National HVDC Centre

HVDC and simulation department at RTE

01

HVDC and FACTS connected to the French Grid

In operation:• 7 SVC from ABB, SIEMENS and GE

• 2x1000MW HVDC LCC from GE (IFA2000)

• 2x1000MW HVDC VSC from SIEMENS (INELFE)

In construction:• 1000MW HVDC VSC from ABB (IFA2)

• 2x700MW HVDC VSC from GE (FIL)

• 1000MW HVDC VSC from SIEMENS (ELECLINK)

In specification / tender stage:• 2x1000MW HVDC VSC (Biscay Gulf)

• 800MW HVDC VSC (Celtic)

• 3 Battery storage units (3x15 MW / 3x30MWh)

4

HVDC and simulation department

D3EP activities

Converter project lead

Offline and Real-time EMTP SimulationsEMTP, PSCAD, RTDS and HYPERSIM

EMTP and HYPERSIM software

Collaboration with universities, involvement in international WG (CIGRE, Cenelec, IEC...)

Maintenance of HVDC and FACTS installations

Softwaredevelopment

Maintenance

Standards and R&D

HVDC and

FACTS projects

Studies

Offline EMT activities

02

Typical EMT studies performed at RTE

ARGIA

SAUCA

M QIS

CANTE

CAZAR

M ARSI

CUBNE

BRAUD

PREGU

GRANZ

JUM EA

DISTRM ARTY

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DOM LO

P.HA5

LAUNA

M ENUE

TOLLE

VAUPA

HAVR5

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PENL5 ARGOE

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M EZE5

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TAVELREALT NEOUL BIANC B.CAR

TRANS

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COCHE

VAUJA

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BOUTR

T.SUP

TRI.P

COULA

P.COR

GREPI

GREPI

ECHAL

BOISS

M IONS

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GAUGLGATI5

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cet ai gui l l age pose un probl eme, mi s a 0

Déséqui l i bre ent re phases à ECHAL ?

1319 - - > 928 M W

351 - - > 0 M VAR

109 - - > 500 M VAR

1289 - - > 1000 M W300 - - > 200 M VAR

345 - - > 45 M VAR

866 M W, 216 M VAR886 M W, 146 M VAR

246 - - > 0 M VAR

259 M VAR

4 - - > 114 M VAR

1426 - - > 1126 M W

1324 M W194 M VAR

1311 M W204 M VAR

1285 M W

909 M W

903 M W

616 M W

901 M W

Tr : 123L: 21

Tr : 1L: 0

Tr : 1L: 0

+

ARG

IAL71CANTE

+

ARG

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+

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+

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+<491 49>

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+ 676> 123>

P. G ASL74TERRI

+

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Tr : 1L: 0

+DO M LO L71LO UI S

+ ARG O EL71CHEVA<56 <15

+

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+CHEVAL72W

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+

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+CHEVAL71LATEN

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+HERS5L71LATEN

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+

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+BAYETL71M ARM A

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+

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+

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Tr : 12L: 0

Tr : 1L: 0

+

70> 114>

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+381> 56>

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Tr : 123L: 0

+

1 G EN. PL71VI ELM

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+

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+392> 69>

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Char gem ent conf igur at ion

Conf ig : C: \ M esDocum ent s\ EM TP\ Tools\ Reseau_RTE\ Donnees\ Post es\ t opo_r eseau_04012010. xm lLF : C: \ M esDocum ent s\ EM TP\ Tools\ Reseau_RTE\ Donnees\ t r ansit s. xls

+<432 77>

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Localisat ion de post es

Post e r echer ché : BRAUD

Base de données liaisons RTE

C: \ M esDocum ent s\ EM TP\ Tools\ Reseau_RTE\ Donnees\ LI T_RXH_20100409( 1) . xls

change Subst at ion Nam es

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Transmission GridLong HVAC cable

400kV capacitor

bank

FACTS

HVDC

Offshore wind farm

HVDC replicas to derisk HVDC projects

02

EMT models are mandatory tools to design the HVDC systems

But they are not designed to perform final performance tests with the full software

Specific issues with EMT HVDC models provided by manufacturers

• Difficult to follow software version

Validity issues

• Models shall be available during 10-15 years

Maintenance issues

• Number of functions are limited to speed up the model

Functionality issues

A replica is an exact copy of the actual control and protection system installed on site

Real time simulatorVoltage/current

measurements

CB status

Firing pulses

C&P systemPhysical equipment

Replica

Replica overview

Real-time lab with HVDC/FACTS replicas

Located in Paris with every HVDC/FACTS control systems connected to the French

Transmission System (including controls for wind generation)

Hardware installed in the RTE lab from 2013:

• 5 SVC replicas from ALSTOM Grid and SIEMENS

• 1 HVDC LCC replica from ALSTOM Grid (IFA2000)

• 2 HVDC VSC replicas from SIEMENS (INELFE project)

• 1 HVDC VSC replica from ABB (BEST PATHS project)

In 2019 – 2020:

• 2 HVDC VSC replicas from GE for France-Italy link (2019)

• 1 HVDC VSC replica from ABB for France-UK (2019)

• 1 HVDC VSC replica from SIEMENS (ELECLINK - 2019)

• 1 HVDC VSC replica from ABB (3rd Party project - 2019)

• 1 HVDC VSC replica from SIEMENS ( 3rd Party project – 2020)

• 10 real-time simulators (~200 CPU) and IO cabinets (HYPERSIM and RTDS)

Staff : ~10 engineers

Transfo Project

Real TimeSimulationLaboratorymovingto Lyonin 2020

Newlab :

• Reinforce the expertise onHVDC and EMT topics at RTE

• 2,000m² of technical area to host current and future replicas

• Closeproximitybetweenofficeand lab

• Space reserved for external partner

OtherRTE’sactivities :

• RTE training center

• IT activities

• Control and Protection testing and expertise

• 24,000m²of new building

ExperiencesFrom model validation to operational studies

03

Validation of the real-time model

1st step - Converters models have been intensively validated against EMT offline models

2nd step - Dynamic Performance Tests (DPT) performed with replicas and compared with:1. tests performed in SIEMENS lab with real controls

2. on-site tests with real controls and real converters

INELFE Replicas validation:

Active power stepConverter blocking

RT model validation with on-site measurements

Pole-to-ground fault event on the IFA2000 link

(November 2016)

Incident reproduction using replicas

Pole-to-ground voltage

Alpha angle DC current

For inaccurate cable

model is used

Studies performed with IFA2000 replica

Side A - FranceSide B - England BP1

Side A - FranceSide B - England BP2

Energization of a second BP when the first is in operation

Events:

BP1 in operation, FR side in inverter

BP2 converter transformer energization

Inrush currents 400 kV AC voltage distorded

Repetitive commutation failures

Trip of BP1BP2 energization

Studies performed with IFA2000 replica

Side A - FranceSide B - England BP1

Side A - FranceSide B - England BP2

Energization of a second BP when the first is in operation

Solutions have been analysed with IFA2000 replica:

1. Solution1: Split busbar at Les Mandarins

2. Solution2: CB with POW control

3. Solution3: Power flow reduction in BP1 (Recommandation of GE: 700MW)

4. Solution4: Increase of Gamma angle on FR side (Implemented by GE)

Action on Gamma angle

Trip of BP1

BP2 energization

Conclusions of studies with replica:

1. Solution1: BP1 can trip in some conditions

2. Solution2: Can be efficient if CB have good performances and remanent fluw estimation is reliable

3. Solution3: Efficient solution but BP1 can trip even if power is reduced to 300MW (recorded on site a few

days after the study)

4. Solution4: Efficient solution but not correctly implemented by GE (activated too late, tap changer control

should be freezed)

This study cannot be done with the PSCAD model delivered by GE

Studies performed with IFA2000 replicaAdditional studies

AC protection coordination study during 400kV and 225kV busbar differential protection relay

maintenance (Impact of long AC fault on IFA2000)

Non regression test and control validation for software update validation:

• frequency control

• filter switching

• commutation failure recovery (to be performed soon).

Eleclink interaction studies – tests matrix

EMTP model validation

Issues with offline models – illustrative example

Resonance interactions between INELFE controls and AC grids

• Network configurations can lead to harmonic interactions between AC grid and HVDC controls

• Accurate representation of AC grids and exact behavior of controls is needed

• Not possible to reproduce the event with the final PSCAD model

On Site results INELFE ReplicaINELFE HVDC link

Overhead

line

Station 1Station 2

Gri

d 2

C shunt Gri

d 1

+ +

East-Centre-West inter-area oscillation mode has occurred on the EU grid the 1st of December 2016.

1. Active and reactive power flow are stable between France and Spain

2. AC breaker openin between Argia and Cantegrit 400 kV, iner-area oscillation appers around 0.155 Hz

3. Power flow exhcange between France and spain is reduced -> damping is increased

Inter-area oscillations

Reference: “Analysis of CE Inter-Area Oscillations of 1st

December 2016”, ENTSO-E SG SPD Report, 13.07.2017

Scopes of replicas are:

- To validate control behavior once system is in service

- To investigate potential solution in the control system

- To validate future software modification on the control cubicles

Event validation

In order to mimic the inter-area oscillation event, the three sequence of events are simulated

Inter-area oscillations

AC emulation function :

setpoint1 2

tot HMIref station stationrefP P K

INELFE link

Station 1 Station 2

H1

10 GW

H2

10 GW

L1

8 GWL3

1 GW

L2

11 GW

Zline1

Zline2

BRK1

BRK2BRK3Zline3

PCC1 PCC2

P PHVDCTotal

SM SM

Interaction studies between IFA2000 and eleclinkReplicas are used to study and prevent interaction issues between power electronics devices

Preliminary studies are performed between IFA2000 and INELFE replicas.

IFA2000 Link

ELECLINK

ACgrid2

1 2 12

ACgrid1

+

+

+

+

+

+

MandarinsSellindge

IFA 2000 Link ELECLINK

• HVDC-LCC technology

• Bipolar configuration

• MI cable

• 12 pulse bridge

• 2,000 MW

• DC voltage ±270kV

• AC side 400 kV, 50 Hz

• HVDC-VSC technology

• Monopole configuration

• XLPE cable

• MMC with half-bridge submodules

• 1,000 MW

• DC voltage ±320kV

• AC side 400 kV, 50 Hz

ExperiencesServices provided to 3rd Parties

04

HVDC SQUAREServices for HVDC projects and EMT simulation

www.hvdcsquare.com

EXAMPLE OF SERVICES PROVIDED TO 3RD PARTYJohan Sverdrup project – Parallel operation studies

2 HVDC VSC links running in parallel to provide 300 MW to 9 oil and gas platforms

Work done in 4 phases:

1. ABB and SIEMENS provide PSCAD models

2. RTE provide feedback and results for parallel operation studies

3. ABB, SIEMENS and Kongsberg deliver physical replicas in RTE lab

4. RTE, ABB, SIEMENS and Kongsberg are involved in the studies with

replicas

Norway

North Sea DC ±80 kV

AC 300 kV

AC 110 kV

HVDC Light

AC 33 kV

Harmonic Filter

Kårstø

DC ±80 kV

AC 300 kV

HVDC PLUS

Haugsneset

Harmonic Filter

HVDC LightHVDC PLUS

AC 11 kV

Johan Sverdrup PH1Johan Sverdrup PH2

AC 11 kV

Gina Krog

Edvard Grieg

AC 11 kV

Ivar Aasen

AC 110 kV

AC 110 kV

AC 33 kV

AC 11 kV

AC 13.8 kV

AC 110 kV

Platform X

AC 11 kV

Essential generator

RTE is in charge of:

• doing the parallel operation studies

• specifying the Master Control for power dispatch

SIEMENS HVDC

VSC MMC

200MW

ABB HVDC VSC

2-level

100MW

De-risking HVDC projects and operation in UK

Proposal from RTEi and The National HVDC Center

05

HVDC REPLICAS FOR CONNECTION WITH UK

3 full set of replicas

Possibilities to model additional HVDC links

COMMON PROPOSAL FOR STUDIES

Solution: Real-time simulations of the UK grid including

• HVDC replicas of IFA2000, IFA2, ELECLINK

• HVDC models of other HVDC interconnectors (or replicas if available)

• Detailed models of the UK grid with Wind Farms, STATCOM and

relevant SG

• Detailed models of the FR grid

Context: More and more HVDC/FACTS in the AC system

• Adverse interactions will occur

• Difficulties in analyzing and solving these issues

Objective: Perform interaction studies with HVDC replicas for UK Stakeholders

• Before commercial operation

• During operation to do post-event analysis

COMMON PROPOSAL FOR STUDIESPossible organization

NHC, UK Stakeholders and RTE identify possible needs for studies with replicas

NHC and RTE check the feasibility of sourcing models needed for these studies

RTE and NHC implement RT models

RTE make replicas and required resources available for these studies

RTE and NHC perform studies

RTE and NHC provide analyses and study reports

QUESTIONS?