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Rebuilding to New Base Flood Elevation Requirements After Sandy

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Mapping Coastal Flood Hazards; Building Requirements in the Flood Zone; Challenges to rebuilding to new standards

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  • 1RebuildingtoNewBaseFlood

    ElevationRequirementsafterSandy

    TomHerrington,Ph.DOceanEngineeringDirector

    DFISuperPile 2013May1516,2013

    OutlineofThisMorningsPresentation MappingCoastalFloodHazards

    BuildingRequirementsintheFloodZone

    HurricaneSandy AdvisoryBFEs ChallengesinRebuildingtoNewStandards

  • 2NationalFloodInsuranceProgram TheNationalFloodInsurance

    Program(NFIP)wascreatedin1968tohelpprovideameansforpropertyownerstofinanciallyprotectthemselves.

    TheNFIPoffersfloodinsurancetohomeowners,renters,andbusinessownersiftheircommunityparticipatesintheNFIP.

    ParticipatingcommunitiesagreetoadoptandenforceordinancesthatmeetorexceedFEMArequirementstoreducetheriskofflooding.

    TraditionalNFIPServices UndertheNFIP,FEMAconductsFloodInsuranceStudiesthatanalyzetheriskoffloodingandmodelsthehydrologicconditionsduringthe1in100yearfloodevent(1%annualprobabilityevent)

  • 3FloodInsuranceRateMap(FIRM)

    MapModernizationProgram

  • 4NJCoastalFloodMapModernizationStartedinOctober2009

  • 5CoastalMapping&Modeling Utilizes:

    Highresolutiontopography/bathymetrydata

    AdvancedSurgeandWaveNumericalModels

    HistoricandSimulatedStormEvents

    DevelopsaJointProbabilityofexceedence waterlevels

  • 6OverlandWaveModeling Oncesurgeandwaveelevationsarecompleted,erosionandoverlandwavepropagationismodeled

    RevisedFloodHazardMaps

    DepthGrid

    WavePropagationGrid

  • 7PreSandyProjectTimeline

    BuildingintheFloodplain FEMAdelineatesthecoastal

    floodplainintofourspecificzonesbasedonwaveheightandfloodwatervelocity:

    Vzone:waveheights>3ftCoastalAzone:waveheights>1.5ftAzone: waveheights

  • 8BaseFloodElevationsarebasedonWaveCrestHeight

    BuildingRequirementsvarybyFloodZone Vzone:

    OpenPileFoundationwiththelowesthorizontalmemberabovetheBFE

  • 9BuildingRequirementsvarybyFloodZone CoastalAzone:

    OpenorclosedfoundationwithfirstfloorabovetheBFE

    HurricaneSandy

  • 10

    SandyLandfall

    SandyLandfall

  • 11

    SandySurge

    LocationMap

  • 12

    SurgeandDamage

    LongBeachTownship

  • 13

  • 14

    SandyOrtleyBeach

    NewJerseyDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionBureauofCoastalEngineering ShoreProtectionProgram

    Sandy OrtleyBeach

    NewJerseyDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionBureauofCoastalEngineering ShoreProtectionProgram

  • 15

    Sandy OrtleyBeachSurfClub

    NewJerseyDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionBureauofCoastalEngineering ShoreProtectionProgram

    Sandy OrtleyBeachSurfClub

    NewJerseyDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionBureauofCoastalEngineering ShoreProtectionProgram

  • 16

    SevereDamageMechanism Mostsignificantlydamage

    structuresweredisplacedorunderminedduetowavesandhighvelocityflow

    Almostallstructureswereslabongrade,piersupported,ormasonryfoundationsconstructedbeforetheNFIPprogram

  • 17

    BayShoreSurgeBackBay 6ftsurge

    NewJerseyDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionBureauofCoastalEngineering ShoreProtectionProgram

    FEMADamageAssessment

  • 18

    StillWaterFloodImpacts Sixfootstormsurge

    inundatedmanyhomeswith4to5feetofwater

    Allutilitiesandmechanicalsystemssubmerged

    Waterwickingindrywall

    Poststormmoldinfestation

    DevelopmentofAdvisoryBFEs PriortoSandy,FEMAwasperformingarestudyoftheNew

    JerseyandNewYorkcoastlinewithanticipatedproductstobedeliveredinmid2013.

    SincetheeffectiveinformationformanyoftheareasofNJandNYdonotcurrentlyreflectthebestavailabledataandtheregulatoryproductshavenotbeenfinalizedtobedeliveredtolocalofficialsandthepublic,FEMAbelieveditwasvitaltoprovideneartermAdvisoryBaseFloodElevations(ABFEs)tosupportreconstructionefforts.

  • 19

    AdvisoryMethodology Requirements:

    NeededaquickwaytoestimatewaveheightsinordertoleverageupdatedSWELs Advisorydataneededwithinweeks,notmonths ConsistentwithmethodologiesusedforFIS Generallybutnotoverlyconservative Stronginterestin0.2%annualchanceadvisoryelevations

    BasedinpartonthemethodologyrecommendedbyNationalAcademyofSciences(NAS,1977) Wavesassumedtobedepthlimited,samecoefficientusedasWHAFIS AdjustforportionofwaveabovetheSWEL Appliedusingboth1%and0.2%annualchanceSWELs

    Limitations Noactualmodelingofwaveheights Erosionnotevaluated Doesnotaccountforlanduse (buildings,vegetation) Doesnotaccountforflood/erosioncontrolstructures

    AdvisoryBaseFloodElevationMap

  • 20

    ImpactofMapChanges

    ImpactofMapChanges

  • 21

    ImpactofMapChangesNowHighVelocityWaveZones

    ImpactofMapChanges

  • 22

    ExistingBuildingType

    ExistingGrade~2.5to3.0ftNAVD88NeedtoElevate5to7feet

    LocalMitigationResponse Homeownersstrugglingto

    elevatehomestomeetnewABFEs

    CommunitiesapplyingforHMGPfundstohelphomeowners

    PossibleuseofHUDcommunityBlockGrants

    Statediscussingopenspaceacquisitionfund

    Significantconcernoverredevelopmentandchangingcharacterofshore

  • 23

    LocalMitigationResponse HomesthathavebeenrezonedintoVzonesmustbeelevatedonopenpilefoundations

    Manyhomesarelocatedinhighdensityareas Smalllotsize Highimperviouscoverage

    VzoneFoundationRequirements OnlydeepopenfoundationsareallowableinthecoastalVzone

    Allowsfloodwaterandwavestopassthroughstructurereducingloads

    Allowsforsoilerosionandscourunderstructurewithoutundermining

  • 24

    VzoneFoundationDesign SandySoilswithsubsurfaceorganicstratacommonalongMidAtlanticshoreline

    Bearingcapacityofpilesdominatedbyskinfrictionalongpile

    Timberpilefoundationsmostcosteffective

    VzoneFoundationDesign Lateralloadingismostcriticaldesignelement

    StructureneedstobeelevatedabovegradetotheBFE,whichcreatessignificantbendingmomentbetweentheloadpointandthepointoffixity

  • 25

    FailureMode

    NearcollapseduetoinsufficientpileembedmentduringKatrina(DauphinIsland,AL)FEMA55C

    ScourandErosion Anunderstandingofthe

    maximumwaveinducedscouranderosionisrequiredtosizepilescorrectly.

    GoodEstimate: STOT =6xpiledia.or6ftfor

    a12india.Pilewithoutgradebeams

    InNJexposedpilelengthsinnewVzones: 11to13feet

  • 26

    DeepFoundationPileRequirements Timberpilelengthsof25

    to35feettypicallyusedtoinsurepointoffixitywillresistoverturningmomentaftererosion

    Pilesaredrivenformaximumfriction

    Canbejettedorplacedinaugered holebutearthpressuresarereduced40%

    StiffeningtheFoundation Gradebeamscanbeusedtomovethepointoffixitytowardgrade

    Createsresistancetorotationunderlateralloading

    Ifexposed,additionalhydrodynamicloadswillbegeneratedatgradebeam

  • 27

    Challenges

    Highdensitydevelopment

    Elevatingexistingstructures5to7ftabovegradeon20+footpiles

    Obtainingappropriatebearingcapacityandresistancetolateralloads

    PossibleSolutions Augering holesunderelevatedstructure

    Castinginplacereinforcedconcretepilesandpilecap

    Attachingpileorconstructingmasonrysupportcolumn

    Issue:Connectionatpilecap

  • 28

    PossibleSolutions Drillingpileunderelevatedstructure.

    Constructingsectionalsteelpile,similartodrillpipe.

    Extendpileabovegradetorequiredheight

    Issue:Sectionconnections

    PossibleSolutions HelicalScrewFoundations

  • 29

    OtherSolutions?

    OpenDeepPileFoundationsWork

  • 30

    ThankYou!


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