Recap the Russian Recap the Russian RevolutionRevolution

LeninLenin Restores Order Restores Order

Lenin sets out to Lenin sets out to rebuild the new USSR rebuild the new USSR & its economy& its economy

Organized Russia into Organized Russia into Republics; unifying the Republics; unifying the countrycountry

Formed a new nation: Formed a new nation: The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union

Lenin allowed some Lenin allowed some private limited private limited ownership of property ownership of property (NEP)(NEP)

Established SOVIETS Established SOVIETS to rule locallyto rule locally

Who influenced LeninWho influenced LeninKarl Marx:Karl Marx:

Ideas formed the basis of Lenin’s revolutionary ideaIdeas formed the basis of Lenin’s revolutionary idea Wrote the book, Wrote the book, THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTOTHE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO

Put for the idea of a class struggle the would lead to a Put for the idea of a class struggle the would lead to a take over by the proletariat and then the take over by the proletariat and then the establishment of a “classless” society (COMMUNISM)establishment of a “classless” society (COMMUNISM)

Inspired proletariats (working class) around the Inspired proletariats (working class) around the worldworld

Vision of a lasting & prosperous society Vision of a lasting & prosperous society An economic & social system that advocated a single political An economic & social system that advocated a single political

party & state ownership of property.party & state ownership of property.

Lenin’s “right hand” Lenin’s “right hand” manman

Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky Fellow BolshevikFellow Bolshevik Intellectual (educated)Intellectual (educated) Negotiated the Treaty of Negotiated the Treaty of

Brest-Litovsk to end WWIBrest-Litovsk to end WWI Commanded the Red Commanded the Red

Army during the Civil WarArmy during the Civil War

Lenin’s Revolutionary Social Lenin’s Revolutionary Social ChangesChanges

Abolish private propertyAbolish private property Abolish all rights of inheritance.Abolish all rights of inheritance. Confiscation of all property of Confiscation of all property of

emigrants and criminals/rebels. emigrants and criminals/rebels. Nationalize factories Nationalize factories Centralize agricultural production Centralize agricultural production

(seize grain to feed army and (seize grain to feed army and workforce)workforce)

A classless societyA classless society Universal suffrageUniversal suffrage A general distrust of organized A general distrust of organized

religionsreligions

Lenin’s Economic Policies Lenin’s Economic Policies

(NEP) New Economic Plan(NEP) New Economic Plan

Some private ownershipSome private ownership FarmsFarms BusinessesBusinesses

Farmers could keep their surplusFarmers could keep their surplus

TOTALITARIANISMTOTALITARIANISM

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

Stalin Takes PowerStalin Takes PowerStalin Vs. Trotsky

Stalin Seizes Control of the Stalin Seizes Control of the EconomyEconomy

Stalin called for a Stalin called for a command command economyeconomy—— a system in which the government makes a system in which the government makes

all economic decisions all economic decisions

Stalin’s command economy promoted an Stalin’s command economy promoted an industrial revolution & an agricultural industrial revolution & an agricultural revolutionrevolution Industrial Policies: Industrial Policies: initiated 5 Years Plans to initiated 5 Years Plans to

promote industrial growth; limited production promote industrial growth; limited production of consumer goodsof consumer goods

Agricultural Polices: Agricultural Polices: established collective established collective farms; eliminated wealthy peasantsfarms; eliminated wealthy peasants

5- Year Plan5- Year Planss & Soviet Soviet IndustryIndustry

TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

A government that takes A government that takes total, centralized state total, centralized state

control over every aspect control over every aspect of public and private life.of public and private life.

Key Traits of Key Traits of TotalitarianisTotalitarianis

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1) Dictatorship & one-party rule1) Dictatorship & one-party rule Absolute authorityAbsolute authority Dominates the govt.Dominates the govt.

2) Dynamic leader2) Dynamic leader Helps unite people toward meeting goals or a common visionHelps unite people toward meeting goals or a common vision Encourages people to devote their unconditional loyalty & support to the stateEncourages people to devote their unconditional loyalty & support to the state Becomes a symbol of the governmentBecomes a symbol of the government

3) Ideology 3) Ideology Justifies government actionsJustifies government actions Glorifies the aims of the stateGlorifies the aims of the state

4) State control over all sectors of society4) State control over all sectors of society Demand total obedience to authority & personal sacrifice for the good of the stateDemand total obedience to authority & personal sacrifice for the good of the state Denies basic libertiesDenies basic liberties

5) Dependence on modern technology5) Dependence on modern technology Relies on mass communication (radio,newsreels,loudspeakers) to spread propagandaRelies on mass communication (radio,newsreels,loudspeakers) to spread propaganda

6) Organized violence6) Organized violence Uses force, such as police terror, to crush ALL oppositionUses force, such as police terror, to crush ALL opposition Targets certain groups, such as national minorities & political opponents as enemiesTargets certain groups, such as national minorities & political opponents as enemies

Control Methods of Control Methods of TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

Police TerrorPolice Terror Great Purge (Kulak sent to camps, killed or exiled)Great Purge (Kulak sent to camps, killed or exiled) Used secret police & violent tactics to crush Used secret police & violent tactics to crush

oppositionopposition

Other Useful Methods:Other Useful Methods:Art/Religion:

introduced SOCIALIST REALISM as a way to rally introduced SOCIALIST REALISM as a way to rally workersworkers

Controlled the media / Censored all forms of Controlled the media / Censored all forms of creativity /creativity /

Replaced religious teaching with Communists IDEALS Replaced religious teaching with Communists IDEALS & glorify & glorify the statethe statePropaganda & Indoctrination:Propaganda & Indoctrination:

Used to glorify the StateUsed to glorify the StateEducationEducation: :

expanded & controlled education at all levelsexpanded & controlled education at all levelsOpened educational opportunities to womenOpened educational opportunities to women

Used to INDOCTRINATE people & control them

Purges = Power!Purges = Power!

Propaganda & Socialist Propaganda & Socialist RealismRealism

Cult of Personality

Socialist Realism

Loyalty to your leader & Country is to replace devotion to the Church

PropagandaPropaganda

PropagandaPropaganda

CommunismCommunism 6 min6 min