RECENT RESEARCH ON RENEWABLE ENERGY IN WIND, MARINE AND MICRO HYDRO

LEE YOUNG-HO() Prof., Div. of Mechanical & Energy System Engineering, Korea Maritime Univ.(KMU)

INTRODUCTION

FEL Stay : 1986.4-1989.9(Ph.D.:Feb., 1992) by Monbusho Scholarship

Supervisor : prof. Yoichiro Matsumoto

Thesis : 3-Dimensional Study on Flow Characteristics of Lid-Driven

Cubic Cavity by Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)

- Contents : PIV, CFD, uncertainty analysis

- PIV : initial research momentum & strength in Korea

- CFD : source code(CFD lecture), commercial code(R&D)

- Turbo-machinery : continued until now->turbine design in RE sectors

Flow Informatics Lab() : 1992 present (http://www.pivlab.net)

- 1990 - 2000 : PIV & CFD applications, NRF academic & fundamental

- 2001- present : Renewable Energy R&Ds(industry involved)

- Turbine blade design : wind energy, micro hydro(>100kW), marine

energy(wave energy, tidal current, OTEC etc.)

2/23

IN-VIVO MICRO-CIRCULATION MEASUREMENT OF CAPILLARY BLOOD FLOW OF HUMAN NAILFOLD BY DYNAMIC CAPILLAROSCOPY(2006-2007)

3/23

(a) original (c) HE

Blood Velocity

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

Time (sec)

Velo

city

(m

m/s

ec)

- Image processing : enhancement & vibration correction, velocity measurement PIV - optical system : Halogen lighting, Macro lenz - 250 fps high-speed camera(1K x 1K) - S/W for velocity data analysis for hospital doctoral diagnosis

CFD DESIGN & PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WIND TURBINE BLADES(2001 present)

4/23

Airfoil profile: NACA63421 (2D) Computational mesh: 495,608 nodes ANSYS-CFX Solver ICEM CFD v13.0 Maximum y+: under 1 AOA: 0~17 Turbulence model: SST, Transition(SST -) Re: 3,000,000 L: 4.5m, U: 10m/s

U[m/s]

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cp

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5BEMT-114rpmCFD-114rpmCFD-150rpm

- Motivation : European Wind Energy Conference (EWEC2001) : Copenhagen, off-shore wind farm(2.5 MW x 20) - 3 Ph.D. experts from KMU lab - Society activities : Korea Wind Energy Association(KWEA)

Schematic view of turbine Model test setup(5kW, KMU)

Field test(50kW, Kwater) Shop test(50kW, company)

MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO TURBINE(50KW) Government project(2006-2009, company + KMU + Kwater)

Performance curve(5kW, KMU)

Efficiency proof at shop test

5/23

MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO TURBINE(50KW) Government project(2006-2009, company + KMU + Kwater)

KMU CFD performance analysis

6/23

MICRO TUBULAR HYDRO TURBINE(50KW) Government project(2006-2009, company + KMU + Kwater)

Schematic view of turbine Model test set-up(5kW, KMU) Performance curve(5kW, KMU)

Shop manufacturing (50kW, company)

Field test conditions(50kW, Kwater) Flow rate : 0.458 m3/s (1650 ton/h) Effective head : 17m (1.7kgf/cm2) Generator speed : 1800 rpm

7/23

MICRO TUBULAR HYDRO TURBINE(50KW) Government project(2006-2009, company + KMU + Kwater)

Performance enhancement by blade optimum design by CFD analysis(~ present)

8/23

MICRO TUBULAR HYDRO TURBINE(15KW X 2) Industry Application(seaside fish farm discharge line at Jeju island, ~2012)

Turbine No. No.1 No.2

Runner blade opening angle [%] 30 0

Ave. inlet pressure [kg/cm2] 0.51 0.50

Ave. outlet pressure [kg/cm2] 0.36 0.36

Ave. effective head [m] 1.4 1.4

Ave. generator output power [kW] 15.38 15.04

9/23

PICO TUBULAR PROPELLER HYDRO TURBINE(500W) Government project(2009~2012, company + KMU)

Guide Vane (X6) Runner Vane

(X5)

0.1m

0.324m

10/23

MICRO COUNTER-ROTATING HYDRO TURBINE(20KW) Government project(2011~2013, company + KMU)

Passageway for output power transfer

Front runner blade

Rear runner blade

Outlet

Inlet

u2 u1

u3 u4

v1 =vm v4 =vm

Front Runner

Rear Runner

w1 v3 =v2 v2

w2

w4 w3

vm`

vm

Front runner

Rear runner 11/23

MICRO PROPELLER HYDRO TURBINE(10KW->100KW) Government project(2011~2014, companies + KMU + Kwater)

Design Spec. Diameter of Runner(m) 0.36

Design head(m) 4

The number of runner vane 6

The number of guide vane 20

Design rotating speed (rev/min) 750

Design flow rate(m3/s) 0.345

Design power(kW) 10 H(m)

0 2 4 6 8 10

Q(m3/s)

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

Q(m3/s) - KMU

P(kW)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

P(kW) - KMU

Q(m3/s) - DSKP(kW) - DSK

12/23

MICRO TURGO HYDRO TURBINE(150KW) Government project(2011, company + KMU)

Pitch Circle Diameter[mm]

380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540

H[m], [%]

0

20

40

60

80

100

P[kW], Q[kg/s]

0

100

200

300

400

500

H[m] P[kW]Q[kg/s][%]

13/23

MICRO TURGO HYDRO TURBINE(150KW) Government project(2011, company + KMU)

14/23

TRANSIENT NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ROTOR-STATOR INTERACTION IN MICRO FRANCIS TURBINE(2010 present)

15/23

Parameter Value Design Head 18 [m]

Design Discharge 0.5 [m3/s]

Design Power 70 [kW]

Runner 13 vanes

Guide vanes (g.v.) 16

Stay vanes (s.v.) 8

Application Micro Hydropower

0.90

0.95

1.00

1.05

1.10

722 1080 1440 1800 2160

Torq

ue,

T/T

avg

rotation, degree

blade-7 blade-11

Average torque distribution for 5 rotations

MICRO SAVONIUS HYDRO TURBINE FOR WAVE ENERGY Industry project(2009, company + KMU)

PELAMIS(Attenuating, 1MW, UK) WAVE DRAGON(Overtopping, NETHERLAND)

Jeju Island New Port Wave Breaker Caisson & Savonius turbine 16/23

MICRO SAVONIUS HYDRO TURBINE FOR WAVE ENERGY Industry project(2009, company + KMU)

CFD domain Blade optimization

Rotating Savonius turbine Savonius turbine in Caisson

30 degree15 degree0 degree 45 degree

60 degree 75 degree 90 degree

0 degree

75 degree

17/23

MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FIXED) Government project(2006~2007, company + KMU)

Guide nozzle front rear

Caisson

Direct Drive Turbine (DDT)

- Direct Drive Wave Turbine Principle(KMU) - Periodic Bi-Directional Wave Flow - Uni-directional Rotation for Generator - Wells Turbine(symmetric aerofoil) - Cross-flow turbine ONLY

18/23

MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FIXED) Government project(2006~2007, company + KMU)

Time (sec.)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

T ins

tant

(N-m

)

0

1

2

3

4Tinstant

P ins

tant

(W)

0

4

8

12

16

PT instant

n ins

tant

(min

-1)

0

30

60

90

120ninstant

Qin

stan

t (m

3 /s)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4Qinstant

Hin

stab

t (m

)

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

Hinstant

(Turbine 1, Hw=20cm, TP=2.0sec., h=70cm)

Experiment of model turbine in wave channel

19/23

MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FIXED) Government project(2006~2007, company + KMU)

Reciprocal flows in turbine passage optimization Free surface movement in CFD wave channel

Cross flow turbine 3-D rotation Turbine with large wave numerical 3-D channel

20/23

MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FLOATING) Government project(2011~2014, KMU)

Flow Flow

Turbine rotation due to wave height head difference(low head hydro turbine, KMU originality)

KMU wave model site test area(in 2014) Model test diagram(1kW), < 0.5m wave height

21/23

MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FLOATING) Government project(2011~2014, KMU)

Data Logger

Monitor

Pressure Sensors

Computer 6-DOF sloshing machine For LNG tanker model

Wave height sensor DDT

Pressure Hole

Torque Transducer & rpm sensor

Powder Brake

Turbine

ADVANTAGES: - Compact : water working fluid compared to traditional OWC air turbine(big density difference) - Low acoustic noise due to low rpm, submersible high-speed Wells air turbine - No bio-fouling and no salty corrosion in turbine(clean fresh water as working fluid) - Dual hull structure : less collision leakage damage and better environmental protection

- Cross flow hydro turbine maybe the best choice but requires more systematic research in terms of off-shore floating device technology

22/23

MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FLOATING) Government project(2011~2014, KMU)

opening

WL roter domain

Water tank domain : sin wave motion

6-DOF motion platform test

CFD Experiment

Motion angle : 6, Frequency : 0.33Hz Fly-wheel effect test 23/23

MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FLOATING) Government project(2011~2014, KMU)

CFD performance analysis 6-DOF motion platform test

Dual hull floating body wave flow interaction Dual hull effective mooring mechanism 24/23

PUMP STATION MODEL TESTS(2004 - PRESENT)

-Test Standard : JSME, TSJ, ASME-HI - Vortex Dynamics : turbulence, free-surface, cavitation - Anti-Vortex Device(AVD) design for civil construction by model test(Froude number similarity, 1:10 scale ratio)->international works

A HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM BY PUMP COMPRESSED AIR AND MICRO HYDRO TURBINE(2012 - )

- Energy storage system for irregular power from renewable energy such as wind, marine energy - New hybrid system : compressed air by pumping, power production by hydro turbine - Principle validation & design of compact closed tank for pumping air compression - Application to less than 100kW system near shore(marine energy) or mountain river(hydro power)

KMU principle : 2nd Asian-Pacific Forum on Renewable Energy(AFORE2012), Nov. 27-29, 2012, Jeju

SUMMARIES ROUGHLY EVERY 10 YEARS DIVISIONS in 30 years after Ph.D.:

- 1990- 2000 : academic & pre-industry researches, PIV & CFD

- 2001-2012 : 1) Industry R&Ds : hydro power, wind & marine energy

2) International R&Ds(Fiji-marine & wind, Nepal-hydro)

3) Social activities(academic societies, national R&D roadmaps)

- 2012- future(+ 11 years) : Renewable Energy Sectors, International Networks

What shall we consider for more originality-rich researches and industry- favored R&Ds?

- Research Infrastructures : facility, manpower, budget

- Research areas : efficiency in renewable energy, energy storages

- Others : ?

27/23

Slide Number 1IntroductionSlide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6MICRO TUBULAR HYDRO TURBINE(50kW)Government project(2006-2009, company + KMU + Kwater) MICRO TUBULAR HYDRO TURBINE(50kW)Government project(2006-2009, company + KMU + Kwater) MICRO TUBULAR HYDRO TURBINE(15kW X 2)Industry Application(seaside fish farm discharge line at Jeju island, ~2012) PICO TUBULAR PROPELLER HYDRO TURBINE(500W) Government project(2009~2012, company + KMU)MICRO COUNTER-ROTATING HYDRO TURBINE(20Kw) Government project(2011~2013, company + KMU)MICRO PROPELLER HYDRO TURBINE(10Kw->100kW)Government project(2011~2014, companies + KMU + Kwater)MICRO TURGO HYDRO TURBINE(150kW)Government project(2011, company + KMU)MICRO TURGO HYDRO TURBINE(150kW)Government project(2011, company + KMU)TRANSIENT NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ROTOR-STATOR INTERACTION IN MICRO FRANCIS TURBINE(2010 present)MICRO SAVONIUS HYDRO TURBINE for WaVE ENERGYIndustry project(2009, company + KMU)MICRO SAVONIUS HYDRO TURBINE for WaVE ENERGYIndustry project(2009, company + KMU)MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FIXED) Government project(2006~2007, company + KMU)MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FIXED) Government project(2006~2007, company + KMU)MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FIXED) Government project(2006~2007, company + KMU)MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FLOATING) Government project(2011~2014, KMU)MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FLOATING) Government project(2011~2014, KMU)MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FLOATING) Government project(2011~2014, KMU)MICRO CROSS-FLOW HYDRO WAVE TURBINE(FLOATING) Government project(2011~2014, KMU)Slide Number 25Slide Number 26SUMMARIES