Recent Scientific Research on the Transcendental

David W. Orme-Johnson, PhD Professor Emeritus of Psychology Maharishi International University

Research Desk, Maharishi Foundation [email protected]

Recent Scientific Research on the Transcendental Meditation ® technique

(2014-2019)

Recent Research (2014-2019) on the Transcendental Meditation® Technique

Four Stories Knowledge (Basic Research) —> Organizing Power (Applied Research)

Story # 1: TM Improves Gene Expression —> Health and Longevity

Story #2: TM Increases Brain Integration —> Improves Academic Outcomes

Story #3: TM Most Effective Stress Reduction Technique —> Universal Stress Reduction

Story #4: TM Is From Authentic Vedic Knowledge —> Improved National Consciousness

Story #1: TM Improves Gene Expression —> Health and Longevity New Basic Research

• TM improves gene expression in a manner that could be expected to reduce inflammation, improve the response to stress, protect from cardiovascular disease, and protect from cancer.

• TM increases telomere length, which is associated with increased longevity.

New Applications • TM prevents enlargement of heart in hypertensive patients. • TM enhances cardiac rehabilitation. • TM enhances cardiac rehabilitation. • TM decreases risk of atherosclerosis. • TM improves immune function. • TM increases vitality in HIV patients. • Chapter on Stress, TM and Hypertension published in major medical text

book.

Reference. Wenuganen S, Fagan J, Wallace K, Travis F, Srivastava M, Walton K. “The effects of the TM technique on gene expression.” Fairfield, Iowa: Maharishi University of Management; 2014.

DNA: Improved Gene Expression (Basic Research)through the Transcendental Meditation Technique

Red = Genes that were increased in expressionBlue = Genes that were decreased in expression TM affects global gene expression in a manner that could be expected to reduce inflammation, improve the response to stress, protect from cardiovascular disease, and protect from cancer.

Transcendental Meditation and Health Education: Effects on Telomerase

Gene Expression

Chan

ge in

Mea

n Sc

ore

0

1.5

3

4.5

6

TM (Before) TM (After) Health Ed (Before) Health Ed (After)

• p=.055 • P<.01

Funded by National Institutes of Health

Reference. Duraimani, Shanthi , Schneider, Robert H., Randall, O.S., Nidich, S.I., Xu, S. , Ketete, M, . . . Fagan, John (2015, Nov 16). Effects of lifestyle modification on telomerase gene expression in hypertensive patients: A pilot trial of stress reduction and health education programs in African Americans. PLoS ONE, 10(11), e0142689. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142689

LVM

I gm

/m2

-3

0

3

6

9

12

TM HE

p = 0.040

TM = Transcendental Meditation HE = health education LVM = Left Ventricle Mass Index

Change in Left Ventricle Mass Index (±Standard Error of Mean) after 6-months of Transcendental Meditation or Health Education

Prevention of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Transcendental Meditation and Health

Education

Reference. Schneider, R. H., Myers, H. F., Marwaha, K., Rainforth, M. A., Salerno, J. W., Nidich, S. I., . . . Norris, K. C. (2019). Stress Reduction in the Prevention of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Transcendental Meditation and Health Education in Hypertensive African Americans. Ethnicity & Disease, 29(4), 577 - 586.

Enhanced Cardiac Rehabilitation through TM

Reference. Bokhari S, Schneider R, Salerno J, Rainforth M, Gaylord-King C, Nidich S. Effects of cardiac rehabilitation with and without meditation on myocardial blood flow using quantitative positron emission tomography: A pilot study. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology. 2019(Sept 16):1-12 (online).

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

TM + CR CR alone TM alone usual care

Effect Size

n=9

MFR0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

-0.2

-0.4

MyocardialFlow Reserve

(ml/min/g) by PET E

ffect size

n=10 n=9 n=9

Caro

tid-

IMT,

mm

-0.16

-0.12

-0.08

-0.04

0.00

0.04

Controls Transcendental Meditation

p < .01

Reduced Risk of Atherosclerosis through the Transcendental Meditation Technique

TM, along with a heart-healthy Ayurvedic diet, exercise, and herbal food supplements, significantly decreases blockage to the carotid artery (carotid-IMT), a correlate of atherosclerosis in the heart and brain.

Reference. Walton, K. G., B. Olshansky, E. Helene, and R. H. Schneider. "Trials of Maharishi AyurVeda for Cardiovascular Disease: A Pooled Analysis of Outcome Studies with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness." Journal of Preventive Cardiology 4, no. 1 (2014): 615-23.

Valu

e Ti

tle

0.0

175.0

350.0

525.0

700.0

NK Cells B Lymphocytes T Cells*

630.9

273.1203.5

ControlsTranscendental Meditation

p < .01p < .01

p < .05

Reference. Infante, Jose R, Fernando Peran, Juan I Rayo, Justo Serrano, Maria L Dominguez, Lucia Garcia, Carmen Duran, and Ana Roldan. "Levels of Immune Cells in Transcendental Meditation Practitioners." International Journal of Yoga 7, no. 2 (2014): 147-51

Mea

n Va

lues

Stronger Immune Systemthrough the Transcendental Meditation Technique

TM increases white blood cells that defend the body from infection and cancer.

* CD3+CD4−CD8+ lymphocytes

Valu

e Ti

tle

-9.00

-4.50

0.00

4.50

9.00

13.50

18.00


p < .03 p < .04

General Health HIV Functional Assessment, Total Score

Reference. Chhatre, Sumedha, David S. Metzger, Ian Frank, Jean Boyer, Edward Thompson, Sanford Nidich, Luis J. Montaner, and Ravishankar Jayadevappa. "Effects of Behavioral Stress Reduction Transcendental Meditation Intervention in Persons with HIV." AIDS Care 25, no. 10 (2013): 1291-97.

Mea

n Ch

ange

Increased Vitality in HIV Patientsthrough the Transcendental Meditation Technique

The TM technique improves general health as well as quality of life and health issues specific to HIV.

New Chapter on Stress, Transcendental Meditation and Hypertension

Komal Marwaha, MD, PhD Cand. and Robert Schneider, MD, FACC, 2018


Story #1: TM Improves Gene Expression —> Health and Longevity Conclusion #1. The many documented benefits of TM for improving health and reducing biological aging may be explained on the level of DNA.

TM appears to improve the way the DNA expresses itself such that it promotes better health and longevity.


Story #2: TM Increases Brain Integration –> Improved Academic Outcomes New Basic Research

• Brain Imaging study (fMRI) confirms TM is a state of restful alertness. • Study of EEG Microstates describes the mechanics of how TM normalizes stresses in

the body to create normal brain functioning—> enlightenment. • Studies on the Brain Integration Scale of cosmic consciousness find it is associated

with success in many fields. • Longitudinal study in college students shows that TM increases scores on the Brain

Integration Scale. • The same longitudinal study in college students shows that TM decreases sleepiness. • Longitudinal study on administrators and staff shows that TM increases scores on the

Brain Integration Scale. • Paper on cosmic consciousness is presented at a major scientific conference in New

York.


Story #2: TM Increases Brain Integration –> Improved Academic Outcomes

New Applications • TM improves school outcomes. • TM reduces the number of high school dropouts. • TM increases the percentage graduating. • TM Increases the percentage accepted to college and post-secondary education.

Increased activity in

frontal executive cortex:

Alertness, inner

awareness

Reference. Mahone, Michelle C., Travis, Fred , Gevirtz, Richard, & Hubbard, David (2018). fMRI during Transcendental Meditation practice. Brain and Cognition, Epub 2018 Mar 2.

fMRI Study of Restful Alertness: The Pattern of Brain Blood Flow During TM

Decreased activity in the brain

stem: Restfulness- decreased

respiration, heart rate,

etc.

Microstate class topographies. Equipotential area maps are shown. Head seen from above, nose up, left ear left. The isopotential contour maps show the areas of opposite polarity in black and white. Here is some of what is known about them.

Class A: relates to visualization. Class B: relates to verbalization. Class C: relates to interoceptive and autonomic processes. Class D: relates to reality testing.

Reference. Faber, P. L., Travis, F., Milz, P., & Parim, N. (2017). EEG microstates during different phases of Transcendental Meditation practice. Cognitive Processes, Published online: 27 April, 2017. doi:10.1007/s10339-017-0812-y

EEG Microstates: The “Atoms” of Thought and Emotions

Cove

rage

(pe

rcen

t ti

me

cove

red)

0%

8%

15%

23%

30%

A B C D

UMTM

EEG Microstates : Comparison of Transcending and Undirected Mentation

During the Transcendental Meditation Technique

Reference. Faber, P. L., Travis, F., Milz, P., & Parim, N. (2017). EEG microstates during different phases of Transcendental Meditation practice. Cognitive Processes, Published online: 27 April, 2017. doi:10.1007/s10339-017-0812-y

* p-values for t-tests comparing UM and TM.

Occ

urre

nce

(occ

urre

nces

/se

cond

)

0

1.13

2.25

3.38

4.5

A B C DUMTM

p =.58p =.001 p =.001

p =.005*

Coverage Occurrence

Microstates Microstates

p =.002* p =.11 p =.01 p =.001

What Science Tells Us About Transcending and Undirected Mentation (i.e., the rise of thoughts during the practice of TM)

Undirected Mentation Transcending

Faster breathing Slower breathing

Decreased EEG coherence Increased EEG coherence

Increased arousal (sympathetic nervous system activity)

Decreased arousal (sympathetic nervous system activity)

More microstate A – visualization, thoughts Less microstate A- less visualization, mental quiescence

No difference in microstate B No difference in microstate B

More microstate C, thoughts from internal processes Less microstate C

Less microstate D, undirected thought More microstate D, executive awareness of thoughts

References Travis, F. T. (2001). Autonomic and EEG patterns distinguish transcending from other experiences during Transcendental Meditation practice. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 42(1), 1-9. Faber, P. L., Travis, F., Milz, P., & Parim, N. (2017). EEG microstates during different phases of Transcendental Meditation practice. Cognitive Processes, Published online: 27 April, 2017. doi:10.1007/s10339-017-0812-y

The TM Stress Pump

Undirected Mentation (rise of thoughts during TM)

Normalization of Stress

Transcending Restful

Alertness

In the Transcendental Meditation process, the mind automatically transcends to finer levels of thought, settling the body into a unique state of restful alertness, characterized by a marked reduction of arousal and global integration of brain functioning. In this state of restful alertness, the body’s intrinsic self-repair feedback loops detect and repair imbalances, creating physiological activity that creates undirected mentation (thoughts). When the physical activity of stress normalization lightens up, the person becomes aware that he or she was off on thoughts and comes back to begin the transcending process again for another round of detecting and repairing stress in the system, “pumping” stresses out of the system.

References. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 71(2), 170-176 (2009) Management, Spirituality & Religion 214, 230-244 (2014) Creativity Research Journal 26 (2), 239-243 (2014)

Increased Brain Integration for Successthrough the Transcendental Meditation Technique

The TM and TM-Sidhi programs increase brain integration, which is the hallmark of creativity and success in many professions.

Increased Brain Integration

TM and TM-Sidhi®® Programs

• Top Managers• World Class

Athletes• Professional

Musicians• Successful

Police• Creativity

Brai

n In

tegr

atio

n Sc

ale

0

0.7

1.4

2.1

2.8

Pretest Postest

ControlTM

•p =.005*

Increased Brain Integration in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial of

the Transcendental Meditation technique

A 10-week randomized controlled trial of 38 college students found that those in the TM group increased on the Brain Integration Scale by 59%. Controls who waited until after the experiment to learn TM decreased by 38%, probably because posttest was during the highly stressful exam week.

Reference. Travis FT, Haaga D, Hagelin JS, Tanner M, Nidich SI, King CG, Grosswald, S, Rainforth, M, and Schneider, RH. Effects of Transcendental Meditation practice on brain functioning and stress reactivity in college students. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 2009;71(2):170-6.

* The p-value compares change in TM compared to change in controls.

Brai

n In

tegr

atio

n Sc

ale

0

0.7

1.4

2.1

2.8

Pretest Postest

ControlTM

•p =.007*

Decreased Sleepiness in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial of


A 10-week randomized controlled study of 38 college students found that those in the TM group increased on the Brain Integration Scale by 59%. Controls decreased over the same period 38%, probably because posttest was during the highly stressful exam week.



Stre

ss R

eact

ivit

y (

Tria

ls t

o H

abit

uati

on)

0

2

4

6

8

Pretest Postest

ControlTM

•p =.007*

Reduced Stress Reactivity in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial of


The same 10-week randomized controlled trial of college students that found TM increases brain integration also found that it reduces stress reactivity. The TM group decreased by 21% compared to an increase of 55% by controls, a 76% difference.



Increased Brain Integration in Administrators and Staff: A Randomized Controlled Study

Control TM

0.5

1.0

Brai

n In

tegr

atio

n Sc

ale

0-

p< .044

Reference: Travis, Valosek, L., Konrad, A., Link, J., Salerno, J., Scheller, R., Nidich, S. Effect of meditation on psychological distress and brain functioning: A randomized controlled study. Brain and Cognition, 2018, 125, 100-105.

Development of Cosmic Consciousness through the Transcendental Meditation Technique

Transcendental Consciousness Cosmic Consciousness

Subjective Transcending time, space, and body sense

Inner self-awareness coexisting with waking, sleeping, and dreaming, greater emotional stability, 24-hour bliss, more effective activity

Objective Slowing of the breath, heightened α1 (8–10 Hz) frontal EEG coherence

Coexistence of α1 EEG coherence (inner awareness) with delta EEG of deep sleep

Reference: Travis, F. "Transcendental Experiences During Meditation Practice." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1307, no. Advances in Meditation Research: Neuroscience and Clinical Applications (2014): 1-8.

Reference. Nidich S, Mjasiri S, Nidich R, Rainforth M, Grant J, Valosek L, Chang W, Zigler RL. Academic achievement and Transcendental Meditation: a study with at-risk urban middle school students. Education,131(3): 556-564 (2011).

Valu

e Ti

tle

0.00

5.50

11.00

16.50

22.00


p < .001

-86%

Perc

ent

of S

tude

nts

Dro

ppin

g O

ut

Decreased High School Drop Out Ratethrough the Transcendental Meditation Technique

TM practice decreased high school dropout rate by 86%, from 20.5% in non-meditators to only 2.9% in meditators.Reference. Colbert, R. D., and S. Nidich. "Effect of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Graduation, College Acceptance and Dropout Rates for Students Attending an Urban Public High School." Education 133, no. 4 (2013): 495-501.

0.0

25.0

50.0

75.0

100.0

Low GPA Students All Students High GPA Students


p < .01

p < .001

Perc

ent

Gra

duat

ing

Increased Percentage Graduating through the Transcendental Meditation Technique

Practice of the TM technique increased the percentage of high school students graduating, especially those with low grade point averages.

Reference. Colbert, R. D., and S. Nidich. "Effect of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Graduation, College Acceptance and Dropout Rates for Students Attending an Urban Public High School." Education 133, no. 4 (2013): 495-501.

Valu

e Ti

tle

0.00

15.00

30.00

45.00

60.00


p = .0002

Reference. Colbert, R. D., and S. Nidich. "Effect of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Graduation, College Acceptance and Dropout Rates for Students Attending an Urban Public High School." Education 133, no. 4 (2013): 495-501.

Perc

ent

Acc

epte

d to

Col

lege

or

Post

-Sec

onda

ry S

choo

l

Increased Acceptance to College and Post- Secondary Schoolthrough the Transcendental Meditation Technique

The percent of students practicing the TM technique accepted to college or post-secondary school was 59.3% compared to only 33.3% for non-meditator controls.


Story #2: TM Increases Brain Integration –> Improved Academic Outcomes Conclusion #2. The brain integration associated with Cosmic Consciousness has been identified, and it has been shown to be the style of brain integration that is the hallmark of the most successful people in different fields. Randomized controlled studies demonstrate that TM increases the brain integration of enlightenment, which has enormous practical benefits.


Story #3: TM Is the Most Effective Stress Reduction Technique —> Stress Reduction in Many Different Populations New Basic Research

• Reduced major stress-hormone cortisol during waking, indicative of reduced stress.

New Applications • Increased social-emotional competencies in sixth-grade students. • Decreased anxiety and increased resilience in ninth-grade students. • Increased resilience with more regular TM practice in ninth graders. • High level of satisfaction with TM in ninth-grade students. • Reduced teacher burnout.


Story #3: TM Is the Most Effective Stress Reduction Technique —> Stress Reduction in Many Different Populations

More New Applications • Decreased perceived stress and improved emotional intelligence in school

administrators and staff. • Increased self-actualization in school administrators and staff. • Decreased mood disturbances in family caregivers. • Decreased burnout, secondary trauma, and increased resilience in nurses. • Reduced physician burnout. • Decreased perceived stress and increased self-efficacy in women in

Uganda. • Increased physical and mental health in women in Uganda.



More New Applications • Effective treatment for alcohol use disorder. • Decreased stress, craving for alcohol, and heavy drinking. • Decreased stress in freshmen military cadets. • Decreased depression in freshmen military cadets. • Increased constructive thinking (greater resilience, behavioral and

emotional coping) in freshmen military cadets. • Increased situational awareness: Decreased hypervigilance, greater

attentiveness to relevant stimuli, and decreased attentional processing of irrelevant stimuli.



More New Applications • Decreased PTSD symptoms and depression in veterans published in major medical journal, The Lancet Psychiatry. • More clinically meaningful reductions in PTSD symptoms and depression in veterans published in major medical journal, The Lancet Psychiatry. • More rapid reduction in PTSD symptoms in veterans through TM than Prolonged Exposure Therapy of Health Education. • More rapid reduction in depression in veterans through TM than Prolonged Exposure Therapy or Health Education



More New Applications • Greater reduction in PTSD symptoms than Adopted Mantra Meditation or

Patient-Centered Care. • Decrease in PTSD symptoms in veterans to below clinical levels in one

month. • Greater and more rapid reduction in PTSD symptoms with twice-a-day

TM compared to once-a-day TM. • Clinically significant decreases in PTSD symptoms in South-African

college students in 15 days and to non-symptomatic levels on 105 days. • Clinically significant decreases in depression in South-African college

students in 15 days with continued reductions in 105 days.



More New Applications • Decreased PTSD symptoms in Congolese war refugees to non-

symptomatic levels in one month. • Clinically significant decreases in PTSD symptoms in Congolese war

refugees in 10 days and to non-symptomatic levels in one month. • Reduced use of psychotropic medication in military personnel with

PTSD and anxiety disorders. • Decreased severity of PTSD and anxiety along with decreased use of

psychotropic medication in military personnel.



More New Applications • Decreased PTSD in female prison Inmates. • Decreased Trauma symptoms in male prison inmates. • Decreased PTSD in male prison inmates. • Decreased stress levels after the earthquake–tsunami disaster of

2011 in Japan.



More New Applications • Meta-analysis: Greater anxiety reduction with TM® than mindfulness. • Meta-analysis: Greater decrease in negative emotions through TM

than mindfulness or other meditations. • Meta-Analysis: Greater decrease in trait anxiety through TM than

mindfulness or other meditations. • Meta-Analysis: Greater decrease in neuroticism through TM than

mindfulness or other meditations.



More New Applications • Meta-Analysis: Greater increase in self-realization through TM than

mindfulness or other meditations. • Meta-Analysis: Comparisons of TM, mindfulness, and other

meditations on psychological variables • Meta-Analysis: Meta-Analysis: Comparison of mindfulness, other

meditations, and TM on index of six variables.

Chan

ge in

Cor

tiso

l (µg

/dL)

-0.12

-0.07

-0.01

0.05

0.10


p < .02

Decreased Stress: Reduced Cortisol Waking Response (CAR)

through the Transcendental Meditation Technique

A randomized controlled study of 27 college students found that four weeks of TM practice significantly reduced the level of the major stress hormone cortisol when waking up from a night’s sleep compared to controls, indicating reduced stress.

Reference. Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie , Shen Chong, Li , Samikoglu, Ali , Thai, Michelle , Amatya, Palistha , Cullen, Kathryn R. , & Lim, Kelvin O. . (2019). Transcendental Meditation and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis functioning: A pilot, randomized controlled trial with young adults. Stress: The International Journal on the Biology of Stress. doi:doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2019.1656714

Increased Social-Emotional Competencies in Sixth-Grade Students: A Matched Controlled Study

Control-5.00

-2.50

0

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hs A

sses

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t (D

ESSA

) Te

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Sca

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Tota

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pete

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RReference. Valosek, Laurent, Nidich, Sanford, Wendt, Staci, Grant, Jamie, & Nidich, Randi. (2019). Effect of meditation on social-emotional learning in middle school students. Education, 139(3), 111-119.

2.50

5.00p < .001

Transcendental Meditation

Effe

ct S

ize

(Sta

ndar

d D

evia

tion

s)

-0.60

-0.45

-0.30

-0.15

0.00

0.15

0.30

0.45

0.60Increased Resilience

(p = .05)

Decreased Anxiety (p = .05)

Reference. S. Wendt, Hipps J., Abrams A., et al. "Practicing Transcendental Meditation in high schools: Relationship to well-being and academic achievement among students." Contemporary School Psychology July 22 (2015).

Decreased Anxiety and Increased Resilience in Ninth-Grade Students


Resilience

Perc

ent

Incr

ease

in R

esili

ence

0

13

25

38

50

Number of TM Meditations per Week

1 3 5 7 8 10 12 14

Increased Resilience with More Regular TM Practice in Ninth Graders


Perc

ent

of S

tude

nts

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Schoo

l More

Peacefu

l

Feel Less

Stresse

d

Better

Focus

in Sch

ool

Get Alon

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er with

Othe

rs

Impro

ved S

leep

Feel H

appie

r

Feel Less

Angry

Feel M

ore Self

-Con

fiden

t

73%

77%

81%79%79%

84%84%87%

Reference: Criminal Justice and Behavior 5 (1978): 3-20.

High Level of Satisfaction with TM Program in Ninth-Grade Students

(N = 112)


-6.0

-3.8

-1.5

0.8

3.0


Depression Perceived Stress Overall Teacher Burnout

p < .01

p < .001p < .02

Reference. Elder, Charles , Sanford Nidich, Francis Moriarty, and Randi Nidich. "Effect of Transcendental Meditation on Employee Stress, Depression, and Burnout: A Randomized Controlled Study." The Permanente Journal 18, no. 1 (2014): 19-23.

Mea

n Ch

ange

Reduced Teacher Burnout through the Transcendental Meditation Technique

TM decreases depression, stress, and burnout in teachers.

Reference. Elder, Charles , Sanford Nidich, Francis Moriarty, and Randi Nidich. "Effect of Transcendental Meditation on Employee Stress, Depression, and Burnout: A Randomized Controlled Study." The Permanente Journal 18, no. 1 (2014): 19-23.

Decreased Perceived Stress and Improved Emotional Intelligence in School Administrators and Staff: A Randomized Controlled Study

ControlTranscendental Meditation

-6.00

-3.00

0

C

hang

es o

n Pe

rcei

ved

Stre

ss S

cale

RReference: Valosek, L., Link, J., Mills, P., Konrad, A., Rainforth, M., & Nidich, S. . (2018). Effect of meditation on emotional intelligence and perceived stress in the workplace: A randomized controlled study. The Permanente Journal(E-pub: 10/29/2018). doi:10.7812/TPP/17-172

3.00

6.00 p = .003Perceived Stress Emotional Intelligence

p = .015

ControlTranscendental Meditation

C

hang

e on

Bar

-On

Emot

iona

l Quo

tient

Inve

ntor

y 6.00

3.00

0

-3.00

-6.00

-1.50

0.00

1.50

3.00

4.50

6.00


p = .003

Reference: Valosek, L., Link, J., Mills, P., Konrad, A., Rainforth, M., & Nidich, S. . (2018). Effect of meditation on emotional intelligence and perceived stress in the workplace: A randomized controlled study. The Permanente Journal(E-pub: 10/29/2018). doi:10.7812/TPP/17-172

Chan

ge in

Sel

f-A

ctua

lizat

ion

Increased Self-Actualization in School Administrators and Staff: A Randomized Controlled Study

Prof

ile o

f M

ood

Stat

es

0

0.85

1.7

2.55

3.4

Anxiety Depression Anger Confusion FatiguePretest Posttest

•p = .001•p = .001•p = .001

•p = .001•p = .001

Reference: Criminal Justice and Behavior 5 (1978): 3-20.

A 3-month study of inmates at Folsom maximum security prison found that TM practice reduced the time to fall asleep, increased deep sleep with no waking, and resulted in a better trend of recent sleep.

Decreased Mood Disturbancesin Family Caregivers

through the Transcendental Meditation technique

Two months of regular practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique reduced caregivers’ anxiety by 31%, depression by 31%, anger by 36%, confusion by 19%, and fatigue by 29%.

Reference. Nidich S, Nidich RJ, Salerno J, Hadfield B, Elder C. Stress reduction with the Transcendental Meditation program in caregivers: A pilot study. International Archives of Nursing and Health Care Perspectives. 2015;1(011):1-4.

Decreased Burnout, Secondary Trauma, and Increased Resilience in Nurses

Reference. Bonamer, J. R., & Aquino-Russell, C. (2019 May/April). Self-care strategies for professional development: Transcendental Meditation reduces compassion fatigue and improves resilience for nurses. Journal for nurses in professional development, 35(2), 93-97. doi:10.1097/NND.0000000000000522

-10.0

-7.5

-5.0

-2.5

0.0

-5

-7.5

-9.3


Loiselle M, et al. Effect of Transcendental Meditation on Physician Burnout, Depression, and Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Study. In preparation for publication, 2018.

Mea

n C

hang

e

Reduced Physician Burnout through the Transcendental Meditation Technique

TM decreases depression, stress, and burnout in physicians

Physician Burnout Depression Insomnia-.

Adj

uste

d M

ean

Chan

ge

Scor

es

-6.0-4.5-3.0-1.50.01.53.04.56.0

Perceived Stress Self-Efficacy


p < .01 p < .001

Reference. Goldstein, L., Nidich, S., Goodman, R., & Goodman, D. H. (2018). The effect of Transcendental Meditation on self-efficacy, perceived stress, and quality of life of mothers in Uganda. Health Care for Women International. doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2018.1445254

Decreased Perceived Stress and Increased Self-Efficacy in Women in Uganda

A Controlled Trial

https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2018.1445254

Adj

uste

d M

ean

Chan

ge

Scor

es

0.0

1.3

2.5

3.8

5.0

Physical Health Mental Health


p < .004 p < .007

Increased Physical and Mental Health in Women in Uganda

A Controlled Trial

Reference. Goldstein, L., Nidich, S., Goodman, R., & Goodman, D. H. (2018). The effect of Transcendental Meditation on self-efficacy, perceived stress, and quality of life of mothers in Uganda. Health Care for Women International. doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2018.1445254

https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2018.1445254

TM

War RefugeesWar

Veterans

University Students

Nurses

Family Caregivers

Administrators

Male & Female Prisoners

Grade School Students

Decreased PTSD

Decreased PTSD

Decreased PTSD

Decreased Depression and Fatigue

Decreased Perceived Stress

Decreased Burnout, Increased Resilience

Decreased Stress, Anxiety

Teachers

Summary: Reduced Stress for Different Populations

Research published in peer-reviewed journals finds that TM reduces stress in all populations studied.

Decreased PTSD

Decreased Anxiety and Drop out Rate

Decreased Burnout

High School Students

Effective Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder: Decreased Return to Drinking and Elimination of Heavy Drinking

Perc

ent

of t

he S

ampl

e

0%

15%

30%

45%

60%

Return to Drinking Heavy Drinking

47%

59%

0%

25%Twice-a-Day TMControls

Reference. Gryczynski, J., Schwartz, R. P., Fishman, M. J., Nordeck, C. D., Grant, J., Nidich, S., et al. (2018). Integration of Transcendental Meditation® (TM) into alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse, Available online.

p=.02

p=.001

Twice-a-day TM reduces return to drinking and eliminates heavy drinking in patients being treated for alcohol use disorder.

Twice-a-Day TM

Reduced Days of

Alcohol Use

Decreased Craving for

Alcohol

Decreased Frequency of Craving

Fewer Days of Heavy Drinking

Reduced Stress

p = .003p = .01

p = .05

p = .02

p = .03

Reference. Gryczynski, J., Schwartz, R. P., Fishman, M. J., Nordeck, C. D., Grant, J., Nidich, S., et al. (2018). Integration of Transcendental Meditation® (TM) into alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse, Available online.

Decreased Stress, Craving for Alcohol, and Heavy Drinking

Freshmen (Rook) Cadets at Norwich University

Decreased Stress in Freshmen Military Cadets

Study 1

Stre

ss In

vent

ory

5

10

15

20

Baseline 2 Months 6 Months

TMControl

• P* < .04 .001

Reference. Bandy, Carole L. , Fleming, Kevin K. , & Dulmage, John (2013). Meditation training in rook cadets increases resilience. Paper presented at the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Psychological Science, May 23-26 Washington, D.C.

Study 2

Stre

ss In

vent

ory

5

10

15

20


TMControl

P* < .001

Decreased Depression in Freshmen Military Cadets

Study 1

Beck

Dep

ress

ion

Inve

ntor

y

0

3

6

9

12


TMControl

• P* < .008 .001


Study 2

Beck

Dep

ress

ion

Inve

ntor

y

0

3

6

9

12


TMControl

P* < 008 .001

Increased Constructive Thinking (Resilience, Behavioral and Emotional Coping) in Freshmen Military Cadets

Study 1

Stre

ss In

vent

ory

40

45

50

55


TMControl

• P* < .01


Study 2

Stre

ss In

vent

ory

40

43.5

47

50.5

54

Baseline 2 Months 6 MonthsTMControl

P* <.01

-80.0

-60.0

-40.0

-20.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

Hyper

vigila

nce

Atte

ntive

ness

(R

eleva

nt St

imul

i)

Atte

ntion

al Pr

oces

sing (

Irrele

vant

Stim

uli)

Transcendental MeditationControls

p < .001 p < .001

p < .002

Nidich. "Effect of Transcendental

Mea

n Pe

rcen

t Ch

ange


Increased Situational Awareness: Decreased Hypervigilance, Greater Attentiveness to Relevant Stimuli, and Decreased Attentional

Processing of Irrelevant Stimuli

The Effects of TM on Military Cadets: Summary

o Greater Emotional Evenness (Decreased Stress, Decreased Depression, Decreased Hypervigilance)

o Increased Constructive Thinking (Improved Emotional Coping, Improved Behavioral Coping, Increased Resilience)

o Increased Situational Awareness (Increased Attentiveness to Relevant Stimuli, Decreased Attentional Processing of Irrelevant Stimuli)


Reduction in PTSD Symptoms and Depr ession: Compar ison of Tr anscendental M editation, Pr olonged Exposur e and H ealth Education

W

ith

in-G

rou

p U

nad

just

ed

Eff

ect

Size

s

1.20

.80

.60

0 Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PTSD Checklist – Military Version Patient Health Questionnaire ( CAPS) Interview (PCL-M) Self-Report (PHQ)-9 Depression

Health Education

1.00

.40

.20

Prolonged Exposure Transcendental Meditation

Between-Gr oup Compar isons Adjusted by ANCOVA: TM vs. HE (p values < .001) PE vs. HE (p values < .05) TM vs. PE (p values < .001, non-infer ior ity compar isons)

Effect Sizes

Small = .20 M edium = .50 Large = .80

Reference:!Nidich,!S.,!Mills.,!P.,!Rainforth,!M.,!Heppner,!P.,!Schneider,!R.,!Salerno,!J.,!Gaylord-King,!C.,!Rutledge,!T.!!Non-trauma-focused!meditation!compared!to!exposure!therapy!in!veterans!with!post-traumatic!stress!disorder:!a!randomized!controlled!trial.!The!Lancet!Psychiatry,!online!version,!Nov.!15,!2018.!Funded!by!the!Department!of!Defense,!US!Army!Medical!Research.!

Decreased PTSD in Veterans Published in The Lancet Psychiatry

CAPS Interview PTSD PCL-M Self-Report PTSD PHQ-9 Depression

Reference: Nidich, S., Mills., P., Rainforth, M., Heppner, P., Schneider, R., Salerno, J., Gaylord-King, C., Rutledge, T. Non-trauma-focused meditation compared to exposure therapy in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, online version, Nov. 15, 2018.

Percentages with Clinically Meaningful Improvement: Transcendental Meditation, Prolonged Exposure and Health Education

Per

cent

ages

70

50

40

0 CAPS Interview PTSD PCL-M Self-Report PTSD PHQ-9 Depression

Health Education

60

30

20

Prolonged ExposureTranscendental Meditation

Clinically Meaningful Improvement

CAPS > 10 pts.

PCL-M > 10 pts.

PHQ-9 > 5 pts.

Reference: Nidich, S., Mills., P., Rainforth, M., Heppner, P., Schneider, R., Salerno, J., Gaylord-King, C., Rutledge, T. Non-trauma-focused meditation compared to exposure therapy in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, online version, Nov. 15, 2018.

Significant Results:

TM vs. HE for CAPS, PCL-M, PHQ-9 (all p values<.001)

PE vs. HE for PCL-M (p<.03); CAPS (p=.30, ns); PHQ (p=.12, ns)

TM vs. PE (non-inferiority analysis not compatible with data)

More Clinically Meaningful Improvements through TM

Reference. Nidich, Sanford, Mills, Paul J , Rainforth, Maxwell , Heppner, Pia , Schneider, Robert H , Rosenthal, Norman E , . . . Rutledge, Thomas (2018). Non-trauma-focused meditation versus exposure therapy in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(12), 975-986. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30384-5

More Rapid Reduction in PTSD Symptoms in Veterans through TM

Health Education

Prolonged Exposure Therapy


Reference. Nidich, Sanford, Mills, Paul J , Rainforth, Maxwell , Heppner, Pia , Schneider, Robert H , Rosenthal, Norman E , . . . Rutledge, Thomas (2018). Non-trauma-focused meditation versus exposure therapy in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(12), 975-986. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30384-5

Conducted at the Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System

More Rapid Reduction in Depression in Veterans through TM

Health Education

Prolonged Exposure Therapy


Decreased PTSD Symptoms in Veterans, Saginaw Michigan VA Randomized Controlled Trial

Effe

ct S

ize

(Hed

ge’s

g,

± SE

)

-1.4

-1.05

-0.7

-0.35

0

TMAdopted Mantra MeditationPatient-Centered Therapy

•p < .001, Test of group with differences collapsed across time.

Reference. Heffner, K. L., Caine, E. D., Crean, H., Franus, N., Moynihan, J. A. , & Talbot, N. (2014). Meditation for PTSD demonstration project: Final report to Mental Health Services, Department of Veteran Affairs. Retrieved from Rochester, New York: Saginaw, Michigan Study.

Decreased PTSD Symptoms In Veterans After 30 Days and 90 Days Through the Transcendental Meditation Technique

Reference. Herron RE, Rees B. The Transcendental Meditation Program's Impact on the Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder of Veterans: An Uncontrolled Pilot Study. Military Medicine. 2017;1:1-7.

Greater Reduction in PTSD Symptoms with More Regular TM Practice

Reference. Herron RE, Rees B. The Transcendental Meditation Program's Impact on the Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder of Veterans: An Uncontrolled Pilot Study. Military Medicine. 2017;1:1-7.

Decreased PTSD Symptoms in South-African College Students

PTSD

Sev

erit

y (P

CL-C

)

25

33.8

42.5

51.3

60

Baleline 15 Days 60 days 105 Days

TMComparison

• P* < .001

• P* < .001

• P* < .001

Reference. Bandy, C. L., Dillbeck, M. C., Sezibera, Vincent , Taljaard, L., Wilks, M., Shapiro, D., & de Reuck, J. (2019). Reduction of PTSD in South African university students using Transcendental Meditation practice. Psychological Reports, February, 1–16. doi:10.1177/0033294119828036

Non-Symptomatic

Decreased Depression in South-African College Students

Beck

Dep

ress

ion

Inve

ntor

y

5

8.8

12.5

16.3

20

Baleline 15 Days 60 days 105 Days

TMComparison

• P* < .001

• P* < .001

Reference. Bandy, C. L., Dillbeck, M. C., Sezibera, Vincent , Taljaard, L., Wilks, M., Shapiro, D., & de Reuck, J. (2019). Reduction of PTSD in South African university students using Transcendental Meditation practice. Psychological Reports, 0(0), 1–16. doi:10.1177/0033294119828036

Reference. Rees, B., F. Travis, D. Shapiro, and R. Chant. "Reduction in Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Congolese Refugees Practicing Transcendental Meditation." Journal of Traumatic Stress 26 (2013): 295-98.

Decreased PTSD Symptoms in Congolese War Refugees


PTSD

Sym

ptom

s (P

CL-C

)

17

32.1111

47.2222

62.3333

77.4444

Days0 35 70 105 140

TM Controls

The TM technique reduced PTSD symptoms in war refugees.

Symptomatic

Non-symptomatic

Reference. Rees, B., F. Travis, D. Shapiro, and R. Chant. "Significant Reductions in Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Congolese Refugees after 10 Days Transcendental Meditation Practice." Journal of Traumatic Stress 27, no. 1 (2014): 112-15.

Rapid Reduction in PTSD Symptoms in Congolese War Refugees


PTSD

Sym

ptom

s (P

CL-C

)

1724.55632.11139.66747.22254.77862.33369.88977.444

85

Days

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

Non-symptomatic

Symptomatic

TM reduces PTSD symptoms within 10 days, and after 30 days they decline to non-symptomatic levels.

Learned TM

Reduced Use of Psychotropic Medication in Military Personnel with PTSD and Anxiety Disorders

Through the Transcendental Meditation technique

Reference. Barnes VA, Monto A, Williams JJ, Rigg JL. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on psychotropic medication use among active duty military service members with anxiety and PTSD. Military Medicine. 2016;181(1):56-62

Prop

ortio

n ch

ange

of

sym

ptom

s se

verit

y

from

bas

elin

e

0.8

0.875

0.95

1.025

1.1

Baseline 1 2 3 4 5 6

TMControl

Months Since Initial

Decreased Severity of PTSD and Anxiety along with Decreased Use of Psychotropic Medication

Through the Transcendental Meditation technique

Reference. Barnes VA, Monto A, Williams JJ, Rigg JL. Impact of Transcendental Meditation on psychotropic medication use among active duty military service members with anxiety and PTSD. Military Medicine. 2016;181(1):56-62

Mea

n Va

lues

(±

SE)

0.0

7.5

15.0

22.5

30.0

Percieved Stress Total Trauma


p < .001p < .001

Reference. Nidich S, O’Connor T, Rutledge T, Duncan J, Compton B, Seng A, et al. Reduced trauma symptoms and perceived stress in male prison Inmates through the Transcendental Meditation program: A randomized controlled trial. The Permanente Journal. 2016;20(4):16-007.

Decreased Trauma Symptoms in Male Prison Inmates Randomized Controlled Trial

Trau

ma

Sym

ptom

Che

cklis

t A

djus

ted

Post

test

Mea

ns (

± SE

)

0

12.5

25

37.5

50

Total Trauma Intrusion Avoidance Hyperarousal


•p < .04

•p < .03• p < .1

•p < .04

Reference. Nidich, S., Seng, A., Compton, B., O'Connor, T., Salerno, J. W., & Nidich, R. (2017). Transcendental Meditation and Reduced Trauma Symptoms in Female Inmates: A Randomized Controlled Study. Perm J, 21. doi:10.7812/TPP/16-008

Decreased PTSD in Female Prison Inmates Randomized Controlled Trial

Trau

ma

Sym

ptom

Che

cklis

t A

djus

ted

Post

test

Mea

ns (

± SE

)

0

2.25

4.5

6.75

9

Dissociation Depression Anxiety Sleep Problems


•p < .001

•p < .001

•p < .001

•p < .001

Reference. Nidich S, O’Connor T, Rutledge T, Duncan J, Compton B, Seng A, et al. Reduced trauma symptoms and perceived stress in male prison Inmates through the Transcendental Meditation program: A randomized controlled trial. The Permanente Journal. 2016;20(4):16-007.

Decreased PTSD in Male Prison InmatesRandomized Controlled Trial

Tota

l Str

ess

Sym

ptom

s Sc

ores

0

10

20

30

40

Sendai Ishinomaki Tokyo Control

Reference. Yoshimura, Mitsunobu, Etsuko, Kurokawa, Noda, Takayuki, Hineno, Koji, Tanaka, Yasuo, Kawai, Yuji, & Dillbeck, Michael C. (2015). Disaster relief for the Japanese earthquake-tsunami of 2011: Stress reduction through the Transcendental Meditation technique. Psychological Reports: Mental & Physical Health, 117(1), 1-11.

The chart shows stress levels decreased from before and to after learning TM in two cities affected by the 2011 Japanese earthquake-tsunami disaster (Sendai and Ishinomaki). TM also decreased stress in people living in Tokyo, which was not affected by the earthquake-tsunami. No change in controls subjects who did not learn TM.

p < .001*

Before TM Before

TM

Before TM

TMTMTM

No TM

TM Decreased Stress Levels After theEarthquake–Tsunami Disaster in Japan.

All Studies, Treatment as Usual Controls

Effe

ct S

ize

(Hed

ges

g)

-1

-0.75

-0.5

-0.25

0

Mindfulness TM

Studies on Groups with Elevated Anxiety

References: 1. Orme-Johnson, D. W., and V. A. Barnes. "Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Technique on Trait Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 20, no. 5 (2013): 330-41. 2. Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169-183. doi:10.1037/a0018555

Meta-Analysis: Greater Anxiety Reduction with TM® than Mindfulness

Meta-Analysis: Greater Decrease in Negative Emotions Through TM Than Mindfulness or Other Meditations

Reference. Sedlmeier, P., J. Eberth, M. Schwarz, D. Zimmermann, and F. Haarig. "The Psychological Effects of Meditation: A Meta-Analysis." Psychological Bulletin 138, no. 6 (2012): 1139-71.

-1.30

-0.98

-0.65

-0.33

0.00

-0.5833

-0.4082

-1.2832 TM Mindfulness Other Med

Large Effect

Meta-analysis: 21 studies 1134 subjects

Meta-Analysis: Greater Decrease in Trait Anxiety Through TM Than Mindfulness or Other Meditations


Effe

ct S

ize

(d,

stan

dard

dev

iati

ons)

-0.90

-0.68

-0.45

-0.23

0.00

-0.6521-0.606

-0.899 TM Mindfulness Other Med

Large Effect


Meta-Analysis: Greater Decrease in Neuroticism Through TM Than Mindfulness or Other Meditations


Effe

ct S

ize

(d,

sta

ndar

d de

viat

ions

)

-0.90

-0.68

-0.45

-0.23

0.00

-0.5608

-0.2622

-0.899TM Mindfulness Other Meditation

Large Effect


Effe

ct S

ize

(d,

st

anda

rd d

evia

tion

s)

0.00

0.23

0.45

0.68

0.90

Self-Realization

0.3034

0.4296

0.8471

TM Mindfulness Other Med

Large

Effect

Meta-Analysis: Greater Increase in Self-Realization Through TM Than Mindfulness or Other Meditations



Effe

ct S

ize

(d

, st

anda

rd d

evia

tion

s)

-1.40

-1.05

-0.70

-0.35

0.00

0.35

0.70

1.05

Negative Emotions Anxiety Trait Neuroticism Self-Realization

0.3034

-0.5608-0.6521

-0.5833

0.4296

-0.2622

-0.606

-0.4082

0.8471

-0.899-0.899

-1.2832

TM Mindfulness Other Med

Large Effect

Large Effect

Meta-Analysis: Comparisons of TM, Mindfulness, and Other Meditations on Psychological Variables


Mea

n E

ffect

Siz

e

(r

, ± S

td. E

rr.)

0.00

0.13

0.25

0.38

0.50

Mindfulness Other TM

p = .01**

References: Orme-Johnson, D. W., and M. C. Dillbeck. Methodological Concerns for Meta-Analyses of Meditation. Psychological Bulletin 140, no. 2 (2014): 610–16

Meta-Analysis: Comparison of Mindfulness, Other Meditations, and TM on Index of Six Variables (Trait Anxiety, Negative Emotions, Neuroticism, Self-Realization,

Perception, Self-Concept)

** Comparison of TM with the other two types of meditation.


Four Stories

Story #3: TM Is the Most Effective Stress Reduction Technique —> Universal Stress Reduction Conclusion #3. TM has repeatedly been demonstrated by meta-analyses to be the most effective means of stress reduction. It has been shown to be highly effective in many populations for reducing PTSD, anxiety, depression, and use of psychotropic drugs and alcohol.


Four Stories Story #4: Authentic Vedic Knowledge —> Improved National Consciousness

New Knowledge

• New Translation and commentary of Vedic Text “Yogic Flying According to Yoga Vasishtha”, documenting the authenticity of Maharishi’s programs for higher states of consciousness and the use of group Yogic Flying to create an ideal society.



New Applications The Invincible America Assembly of group 1,725 Yogic Flyers improved the US quality of life as indicated by:

• Decreased U.S. homicide rate; • Decreased U.S. urban violent crime rate; • Decreased U.S. murder rate; • Decreased U.S. motor vehicle fatality rate; • Decreased U.S. fatality rate due to other types of accidents; • Decreased U.S. infant mortality rate; and • Decreased U.S. rate of drug-related deaths.


Four Stories Story #4: Authentic Maharishi Vedic Knowledge —> Improved National

Consciousness

New Applications

• Increased the competitive advantage of Norway and New Zealand compared to other nations when they gained 1% of their population practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique.

• Group practice of TM and TM-Sidhi program at Maharishi Vedic University (MVU) in Cambodia reduced socio-political violence in the country.

• In a new area of research, a study found that a building built according the principles of Maharishi Vedic architecture (Vastu), increased both verbal and spatial creativity in people working in the building.

Freund, P. Yogic Flying According to Yoga Vasishtha. Paperback Prime and Kindle Edition. www.amazon.com.

A translation of seven chapters from Yoga Vasishtha, with commentary written in light of the teaching of the Transcendental Meditation technique, TM-Sidhi program, and Yogic Flying around the world by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.

http://www.amazon.com/

Verse 49:

श्रीराम उवाच

आकल्पादनविच्छन्ना िचत्संिवत्सवर्मिस्त िह

तस्मातु्कण्डिलनीकोशाते्कनाथेर्नोदयः सु्फटः ४९The glorious Rām said:Since ancient times the knowledge of all the higher states of consciousness has been there in every generation:The knowledge of enlightenment in terms of the [realization of the] Constitution of the Universe in human physiology [through Yogic Flying] certainly came from that [same] eternal tradition of knowledge. With what purpose was the knowledge of Yogic Flying brought forth in the world? (Freund, P. )

Reference. Dillbeck MC, Cavanaugh KL. Societal violence and collective consciousness: Reduction of U.S. homicide and urban violent crime rates. SAGE Open. 2016;April-June:1-16.

Mon

thly

Ave

rage

Num

ber

of

TM

-Sid

hi P

arti

cipa

nts

per

day

Size of TM-Sidhi Group During Baseline and Experimental Period

Baseline Period 2002-2006

Experimental Period 2007-2010

√1% of US Population Achieved, Group of 1,725 Meditators

Reduced U.S. Homicide Rate

U.S

. H

omic

ides

per

100

mill

ion

p = 2.7 x 10−16

21.2 % reduction 8,157 fatalities averted

Reference. Dillbeck MC, Cavanaugh KL. 2016. Societal violence and collective consciousness: Reduction of U.S. homicide and urban violent crime rates. SAGE Open, 7(1), 1-16.


Correlation: 0.936 Squared correlation: R2 = 0.876

U.S

. H

omic

ides

per

100

mill

ion

U.S. Homicide Rate: Predictions of Statistical Model vs. Actual Data


Decreased Violent Crime Rate in 206 Urban Areas

p = 2.7 x 10−8

18.5 % reduction 186,774 crimes averted

Urb

an V

iole

nt C

rim

e Ra

te



Decreased Murder Rate in 206 U.S. Urban Areas

p = 1 x 10−13


Urb

an M

urde

rs p

er 1

00

mill

ion

Reference. Cavanaugh KL, Dillbeck MC. 2017. Field Effects of Consciousness and Reduction in U.S. Urban Murder Rates: Evaluation of a Prospective Quasi-Experiment. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 3(3-1), 32-43.


Urban Murder Rate and Forecast 2007-2010

Urb

an M

urde

rs p

er 1

00 m

illio

n


p < 3.7 x 10−13


Mot

or V

ehic

le F

atal

ity

Rate

s

Decreased U.S. Motor Vehicle Fatality Rate

Reference. Cavanaugh KL, Dillbeck MC. 2017. The contribution of proposed field effects of consciousness to the prevention of U.S. accidental fatalities: Theory and empirical tests. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 24(1-2), 53–86.


p < 8.4 x 10−6


Fata

lity

Rate

s fr

om O

ther

A

ccid

ents

Decreased U.S. Fatality Rate – Other Accidents



p = 2.1 x 10−5

12.5 % reduction 992 fatalities averted

Infa

nt M

orta

lity

Rate

Decreased U.S. Infant Mortality Rate

Reference. Dillbeck MC, Cavanaugh KL. 2017. Group Practice of the Transcendental Meditation® and TM-Sidhi® Program and Reductions in Infant Mortality and Drug-Related Death: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis. SAGE Open. 7(1), 1-15.


p = 3.1 x 10−10


Dru

g-Re

late

d D

eath

Rat

e

Decreased U.S. Drug-Related Fatality Rate



Summary: Effects of the Invincible America Assembly on U.S. Crime and Fatality Rates

Mot

or V

ehic

le

Fata

lity

Rate

s

Decreased Motor Vehicle Fatality Rate

U.S

. H

omic

ides

pe

r 10

0 m

illio

n

Decreased Homicide Rate

Dru

g-Re

late

d D

eath

Ra

te

Decreased Drug-Related Death Rate

Infa

nt M

orta

lity

Rate

Decreased Infant Mortality Rate

Viol

ent

Crim

e Ra

te

Decreased Violent Crime Rate

Fata

lity

Rate

s fr

om

Oth

er A

ccid

ents

Decreased Fatality Rate For Other Accidents

References. Dillbeck MC, Cavanaugh KL.2016. Societal violence and collective consciousness: Reduction of U.S. homicide and urban violent crime rates. SAGE Open, 6(2),1-16. Cavanaugh KL, Dillbeck MC. 2017. The contribution of proposed field effects of consciousness to the prevention of U.S. accidental fatalities: Theory and empirical tests. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 24(1-2), 53–86. Dillbeck MC, Cavanaugh KL. 2017. Group Practice of the Transcendental Meditation® and TM-Sidhi® Program and Reductions in Infant Mortality and Drug-Related Death: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis. SAGE Open, 7(1), 1-15. Cavanaugh KL, Dillbeck MC. 2017. Field Effects of Consciousness and Reduction in U.S. Urban Murder Rates: Evaluation of a Prospective Quasi-Experiment. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 3(3-1), 32-43.

Perc

ent

Chan

ge

-32.00%

-24.00%

-16.00%

-8.00%

0.00%

Viole

nt C

rime

Homici

des

Traf

fic Fa

talit

ies

Other

Accid

enta

l Dea

ths

Drug-R

elate

d Dea

ths

Infan

t Mor

talit

y

Mean

% Cha

nge

Summary: Effects of the Invincible America Assembly on the United States

Percent Change in Crime and Fatality Rates 2007-2010

Reference. Hatchard, G., & Cavanaugh, K. L. (2017). The Effect of Coherent Collective Consciousness on National Quality of Life and Economic Performance Indicators—An Analysis of the IMD Index of National Competitive Advantage. Journal of Health and Environmental Research. Special Issue: Maharishi Vedic Science: Creating a Sustainable Future, 3(3-1), 16-31. doi:10.11648/j.jher.s.2017030301.12

Increased Competitive Advantage in Countries After they Reached 1% of the Population Practicing TM

Reference: L. Fergusson & K. L. Cavanaugh (2019). Socio-political violence in Cambodia between 1990 and 2008: An explanatory mixed methods study of social coherence. Studies in Asian Social Science, 6(2), 1-45.

Group Practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Reduced Socio-Political Violence in Cambodia

Num

ber

of O

rigi

nal I

deas

G

ener

ated

0

1.5

3

4.5

6

Verbal Creativity Figural CreativityConventional MVA

• p = .002

• p = .03

References: Maheshwari, A., & Werd, M. R. P. (2019). Architecture and creativity: Examining the impact of Maharishi Vastu on workplace creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 31(4). doi:10.1080/10400419.2019.1667943

Increased Originality of Verbal and Figural Creative Thinking in People Working in a Maharishi Vedic Architecture (MVA) Settings

People working in a building built according the principles of Maharishi Vedic architecture (MVA) increased in both verbal and spatial creativity compared to people working in conventional architecture.



Conclusion. Maharishi’s programs to create coherence in collective consciousness are based on the ancient Vedic tradition and have been repeatedly verified to improve quality of life in cities, nations, and the world, in prospective empirical demonstrations.

Scientific Research on the Transcendental Meditation technique:

Collected Papers, Vols 1 – 7.

• Over 675 Studies • Conducted at over 250 Universities and Research

Institutions • In 30 Countries

Contact Information:

• David Orme-Johnson, PhD • Professor Emeritus of Psychology • Maharishi International University • Research Desk, Maharishi Foundation • www.TruthAboutTM.org • [email protected]

http://www.truthabouttm.org/

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Recent Scientific Research on the Transcendental